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2019 Norton Elizabeth 121093 This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ The Blount Family in the long Sixteenth century Norton, Elizabeth Anna Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 26. Sep. 2021 The Blount Family in the Long Sixteenth Century Elizabeth Norton Doctor of Philosophy 2019 King’s College London 1 Abstract This thesis is an extended case study of the lives, attitudes, actions and concerns of one gentry family – the Blounts of the West Midlands –from the second half of the fifteenth century to the early years of the seventeenth, described as the long sixteenth century. As well as looking at a family who are of interest in their own right, this thesis also sheds light on local, political, legal, religious, family and social aspects of the period, providing information on ties of local obligation, religious identity, political loyalties, the workings of kinship networks and some of the transformations unfolding in early modern society. The thesis takes a thematic approach, looking first at the family’s economic background and local political role, with aspects of gentility, landownership and the offices of sheriff and justice of the peace considered. The family’s role in the law courts as judges, litigants and defendants is then considered, as well as their role in parliament, their military involvement and their participation in patronage networks. Finally, the Blounts’ religious role is considered, both in the early Reformation period and as a primarily Catholic family in the Elizabethan period. In particular, the family’s continuing ability to hold government and local offices are discussed, along with the fact that their Catholicism was widely recognised. This study of the Blounts can be situated within the wide range of gentry studies relating to the period. The many ways in which the Blounts interacted with their environment has meant that this study has ramifications for an historical understanding of many different areas. 2 Table of Contents Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 Acknowledgements 4 Introduction 5 Chapter 1: The Manor, the Parish and Local Political Activities 29 Chapter 2: The Use of the Law Courts in the Localities and the Centre 85 Chapter 3: Points of Contact: The Blounts in Government 121 Chapter 4: Retinues, Patrons and Clients in Peace and War 146 Chapter 5: Religious Devotion in the Period up to 1558 200 Chapter 6: Religious Devotion in the Elizabethan Period 243 Conclusion: The Blount Family in the Long Sixteenth Century 286 Appendix 1: Map of the West Midlands 298 Appendix 2: The Blount Family Genealogical Table 299 Bibliography 302 3 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would first like to thank my supervisor, Doctor Lucy Wooding for her guidance and encouragement. Her comments have been both inspirational and motivational. I would also like to thank Doctor Hannah Dawson, for her supervision in the last years of this project and for her encouragement and very useful comments on the draft of the thesis. I would like to thank the staff at the British Library, the National Archives and the various local archives consulted, particularly the Shropshire Archives at Shrewsbury for their advice and assistance in my research. Thanks are due, too, to Charles Blount, who kindly gave me access to his papers relating to his family history and to other members of the Blount family who have been in contact. I would also like to thank the Society of Renaissance Studies for their Study Fellowship which allowed me to carry out research into tombs relating to the family. The two small research grants awarded to me by King’s College London also permitted me to attend conferences and better define the scope of this work. Lastly, I thank my family – especially David, Dominic, Barnaby and Ianthe - for their unfailing support and patience. 4 Introduction This thesis is an extended case study of the lives, attitudes, actions and concerns of one gentry family – the Blounts of the West Midlands –from the second half of the fifteenth century to the early years of the seventeenth, described as the long sixteenth century. As a family, they are of interest in their own right. The close analysis will also shed light on local, political, legal, religious, family and social histories of the period. It will show how the role of a single gentry family can illuminate ties of local obligation, religious identity and political loyalty, the workings of kinship networks and the many transformations unfolding in early modern society. With the exception of the Mountjoy branch of the family, the Blounts have received little scholarly attention, largely due to the fact that they did not play a prominent role at court and held limited crown office.1 By the late fifteenth century there were several branches of the family, with the most prestigious branch enjoying ennoblement as the Barons Mountjoy in 1465.2 The first Lord Mountjoy was the grandson of Walter Blount of Rock and Sodington who served Edward, the Black Prince in 1367 and was closely connected to John of Gaunt, serving as his chamberlain between c.1392 and 1399.3 He died fighting for Henry IV in 1403. In addition to the Mountjoy Blounts, Walter was the ancestor of the Blounts of Burton, 1 The family were the subjects of study in the following works: William Shakespear Childe-Pemberton, Elizabeth Blount and Henry VIII with Some Account of her Surroundings (London, 1913) and Alexander Croke, The Genealogical History of the Croke Family, Originally Named Le Blount, 2 vols (Oxford, 1823). They were also considered in one chapter of Beverley Murphy, ‘The Life and Political Significance of Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond, 1525-1536’ (Univ. of Wales, Bangor, PhD thesis, 1997) and Beverley Murphy, Bastard Prince, Henry VIII’s Lost Son (Stroud, 2001). 2 See family tree in appendix. 3 http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/blount-sir-walter-1403 date accessed 5 March 2019. 5 Uttoxeter, Mapledurham and Grendon.4 Due to their prominence and previous scholarly interest, the Mountjoys have been almost entirely omitted from this thesis. By 1374 Walter Blount’s elder half-brother had inherited the family’s principal manors, including Sodington in the parish of Mamble in Worcestershire. In the mid fifteenth century John Blount of Kinlet, who was the second son of Walter’s great-nephew, inherited the Shropshire manor of Kinlet from his mother, while his elder half-brother inherited Sodington.5 The Blounts of Kinlet, who in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth-centuries divided into the Blounts of Eye (or Yeo), Astley, Kidderminster and Eckington, were the most numerous and prosperous branch in the early modern period, with the exception of the Mountjoys. Due to a good document survival rate and the mixed economic status of the Kinlet Blounts and their offshoots, they are the focus of this research with the aim of uncovering the experiences, connections, political, social and religious roles of an otherwise unremarkable gentry family of middling status, of the type often overlooked in historical study. The relationship between Elizabeth Blount of Kinlet and Henry VIII (which produced Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond) is not considered, since it has already drawn scholars’ attention.6 Where appropriate, comparisons have been drawn with the wider family, particularly the neighbouring Blounts of Sodington. The study of the Kinlet Blounts and their wider kin is not without its complications. The Blounts have no surviving archive. Instead, this research draws on documents in the National Archives, the British Library, multiple local archives (since the family’s sphere of influence spanned several West Midlands’ counties) and the surviving papers of contemporary 4 The Visitation of Shropshire, Taken in the Year 1623, part I, eds. George Grazebrook and John Paul Rylands (The Harleian Society, 1889), 51. 5 Ibid. 6 Murphy, ‘Life and Political Significance of Henry Fitzroy’; Murphy, Bastard Prince; Childe Pemberton, Elizabeth Blount and Henry VIII. 6 noblemen, in particular Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in whose household several members served. This archival legacy affects the types of material that survives. Chancery and Star Chamber Court records are particularly numerous, while personal letters are scant. Documents relating to the family’s local economic interests survive in some archives, but not all, although they are sufficient to allow pertinent conclusions to be drawn. It might be expected that the family would appear in the papers of Ambrose Dudley, Earl of Warwick (c.1530-1590), and his father, John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland (1504-1553), in whose households they served, but archival traces do not survive in any great number.
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