A Royal Tragedy
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William Shakespeare's Richard III A Royal Tragedy Acts Three, Four, and Five Notes Provided by WISDOM Home Schooling's Online Socratic Dialogue Progra Dramatis Personae KING EDWARD IV – The leader of the Yorkists, who beat the Lancastrian king, Henry VI, and took his throne. During the final battle that beat the Lancastrians, King Edward was one of the three men who dishonourably stabbed Lady Anne’s husband when he was already down. Edward used to be a great warrior, but has now become sickly, and is more interested in entertainment and women than in feats of courage. Sons to the King: EDWARD, PRINCE OF WALES – About thirteen years old. King Edward IV and Queen Elizabeth’s older son, and heir to the throne of England. Wise beyond his years, and protective of his brother. RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK – About ten years old. Prince Edward’s younger brother, he is second in line to inherit the throne. Less serious than his brother, he is given to joking around and making fun of adults. Brothers to the King: GEORGE, DUKE OF CLARENCE – Clarence is a conflicted man. During the war between the Yorkists and the Lancastrians, he fought on whichever side seemed to be winning at the time. He was one of the three who stabbed Lady Anne’s husband. Despite his shifting alliances, Clarence nonetheless has a deep love for his wife and children. RICHARD, DUKE OF GLOUCESTER (pronounced “Gloss-ter”), who will one day become KING RICHARD III – Gloucester is a hunchback with a withered arm and a limp. His mind is as evil and ambitious as his body is twisted. Yet he is cunning, witty, and a phenomenal actor, able to fool everyone about his real intentions. Gloucester will stop at nothing to gain the crown for himself. There is only one person to whom he will fully trust his plans, and whom he feels really understands him – the audience. He was one of the three who stabbed Lady Anne’s husband. A YOUNG SON OF CLARENCE (Edward, Earl of Warwick) – a small boy. HENRY, EARL OF RICHMOND – The heir to the House of Lancaster. When he was a boy, a wizard prophesied he would one day be king, and that Gloucester would not live long after he saw him. For years the Yorkists have tried to capture him, so he has fled to France, where he is just waiting for an opportunity to reclaim the throne Edward IV stole from his family. He has a deep and lively faith in God, and is an able swordsman. He will become the first Tudor king, and Henry VIII’s father. CARDINAL BOURCHIER, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY THOMAS ROTHERHAM, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK JOHN MORTON, BISHOP OF ELY DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM – A crafty and eloquent man who desires power, but not necessarily to be king. He realizes sooner than anyone else what Gloucester is up to. DUKE OF NORFOLK – A noble. EARL OF SURREY - His son. EARL RIVERS, brother to King Edward's Queen - A keen and perceptive man, he is suspicious of Gloucester, and supports only his sister, Queen Elizabeth. MARQUIS OF DORSET and LORD GREY, her sons – They too hate Gloucester, and suspect he is up to something. They would do anything for their sister, Queen Elizabeth. EARL OF OXFORD – A noble. LORD HASTINGS – He thinks he is Gloucester’s best friend, and has no idea what villainy lurks below the surface. SIR WILLIAM CATESBY - Becomes one of Gloucester’s cronies. SIR RICHARD RATCLIFF - Another of Gloucester’s cronies. LORD LOVEL – Another of Gloucester’s cronies. LORD STANLEY - Henry of Richmond’s stepfather. He opposes Gloucester, but is afraid to speak openly against those with power. He secretly tries to help Richmond overthrow the current government. SIR JAMES TYRREL – A handsome young nobleman, willing to kill if given enough gold. SIR JAMES BLOUNT – A knight. SIR THOMAS VAUGHAN - A knight. SIR WALTER HERBERT– A knight. SIR WILLIAM BRANDON– A knight. SIR ROBERT BRAKENBURY, Lieutenant of the Tower – A good and kindhearted man, though he is a jailer he hates to lock anyone up. He feels especially sorry for Clarence when he has to imprison him. Fr. CHRISTOPHER URSWICK - A priest LORD MAYOR OF LONDON SHERIFF OF WILTSHIRE TRESSEL and BERKELEY, gentlemen attending on Lady Anne ELIZABETH, Queen to King Edward IV – Elizabeth is a strong and fiery woman, but feels she has little power in her own court. There are so many factions conspiring against each other. She hates Gloucester, but supports Clarence. DUCHESS OF YORK, mother to King Edward IV – The old queen has seen so much war, she longs for the day when it will all be over. Her only joys are her daughter-in-law, Queen Elizabeth, and her two grandchildren, the little princes. LADY ANNE – A beautiful young Lancastrian woman. She was married to the beaten King Henry’s oldest son, Edward, who three men killed at Tewkesbury. Though she does not know who killed him, she brokenheartedly grieves his loss. She also mourns for her father-in-law, the Lancastrian King Henry VI, whom she does not know was murdered while a prisoner by Gloucester. A YOUNG DAUGHTER OF CLARENCE (Margaret Plantagenet Countess of Salisbury)) – A small girl. She will one day be St. Margaret Pole, the last Plantaganet. Ghosts, of Richard's victims Lords, Gentlemen, and Attendants; Priest, Scrivener, Page, Bishops, Aldermen, Citizens, Soldiers, Messengers, Murderers, Keeper SCENE: England Act Three SCENE V. The Tower-walls. Gloucester and Buckingham enter wearing some rotten armour, and plot to pretend they fear for their lives, to throw off suspicion that it is they who are the actual aggressors. The Lord Mayor of London arrives, and they pretend to think they are being attacked. He reassures them. Ratcliff, Lovel, and Catesby (followers of Richard) arrive, and show Hastings’ head to Gloucester. He pretends to weep for his best friend, but wipes his tears away as soon as he and Buckingham are alone. He suggests Buckingham should spread the rumour that the Princes in the Tower are not the old king’s real sons, and so Prince Edward ought not to be crowned. Enter GLOUCESTER and BUCKINGHAM, in rotten armour, marvellous ill-favoured GLOUCESTER Come, cousin, canst thou quake, and change thy colour, Murder thy breath in the middle of a word, And then begin again, and stop again, As if thou wert distraught and mad with terror? BUCKINGHAM Tut, I can counterfeit the deep tragedian; Speak and look back, and pry on every side, Tremble and start at wagging of a straw, Intending deep suspicion: ghastly looks Are at my service, like enforced smiles; And both are ready in their offices, At any time, to grace my stratagems. But what, is Catesby gone? GLOUCESTER He is; and, see, he brings the mayor along. Enter the Lord Mayor and CATESBY BUCKINGHAM Lord mayor,-- GLOUCESTER Look to the drawbridge there! BUCKINGHAM Hark! a drum. GLOUCESTER Catesby, o'erlook the walls. BUCKINGHAM Lord mayor, the reason we have sent-- GLOUCESTER Look back, defend thee, here are enemies. BUCKINGHAM God and our innocency defend and guard us! GLOUCESTER Be patient, they are friends, Ratcliff and Lovel. Enter LOVEL and RATCLIFF, with HASTINGS' head LOVEL Here is the head of that ignoble traitor, The dangerous and unsuspected Hastings. GLOUCESTER So dear I loved the man, that I must weep. I took him for the plainest harmless creature That breathed upon this earth a Christian; Made him my book wherein my soul recorded The history of all her secret thoughts: So smooth he daub'd his vice with show of virtue, That, his apparent open guilt omitted, I mean, his conversation with Shore's wife, He lived from all attainder of suspect. BUCKINGHAM Well, well, he was the covert'st shelter'd traitor That ever lived. Would you imagine, or almost believe, Were't not that, by great preservation, We live to tell it you, the subtle traitor This day had plotted, in the council-house To murder me and my good Lord of Gloucester? Lord Mayor What, had he so? GLOUCESTER What, think You we are Turks or infidels? Or that we would, against the form of law, Proceed thus rashly to the villain's death, But that the extreme peril of the case, The peace of England and our persons' safety, Enforced us to this execution? Lord Mayor Now, fair befall you! he deserved his death; And you my good lords, both have well proceeded, To warn false traitors from the like attempts. I never look'd for better at his hands, After he once fell in with Mistress Shore. GLOUCESTER Yet had not we determined he should die, Until your lordship came to see his death; Which now the loving haste of these our friends, Somewhat against our meaning, have prevented: Because, my lord, we would have had you heard The traitor speak, and timorously confess The manner and the purpose of his treason; That you might well have signified the same Unto the citizens, who haply may Misconstrue us in him and wail his death. Lord Mayor But, my good lord, your grace's word shall serve, As well as I had seen and heard him speak And doubt you not, right noble princes both, But I'll acquaint our duteous citizens With all your just proceedings in this cause. GLOUCESTER And to that end we wish'd your lord-ship here, To avoid the carping censures of the world. BUCKINGHAM But since you come too late of our intents, Yet witness what you hear we did intend: And so, my good lord mayor, we bid farewell.