Volume 24 • Number 2 Winter 2004

NATIONAL COUNCIL ON PUBLIC HISTORY Public History News Inside This Issue 3 2004 NCPH ANNUAL MEETING Boston Women’s Memorial Victoria, British Columbia 4 Raising Funds in Editing Projects Cultural Places and Natural Spaces: in Today’s Economy Memory, History, and Landscape

by Doria Durkin, NCPH Graduate Intern 11 The NCPH Bulletin rom 31 March to 4 April 2004 hundreds the environment into urban public history; of public and environmental historians and public and environmental history in the F are expected to descend on beautiful international arena. That evening, attendees Victoria, British Columbia to take part in will be able to tour the neighboring Royal a joint meeting of the National Council on British Columbia Museum; hors d’oeuvres 13 Public History and the American Society and a cash bar will be available. Cost of NCPH Election Results for Environmental History (ASEH). Taking attendance is $15.00, which includes place at the majestic Fairmont Empress Hotel, admission to the museum. the theme of the meeting will be “Cultural Friday morning sessions will last from 8:30 Places and Natural Spaces: Memory, History, a.m. until noon. During the afternoon, a variety and Landscape.” The joint format of this of field trips will provide conference attendees 14 meeting allows both organizations to offer with opportunities to visit gardens, maritime Endowment Update a wide array of presentations, meetings, historical sites, Victoria's Inner Harbour, among and workshops, to welcome public and others. For those not wishing to take field trips, environmental historians from across North there will be four workshops focusing on careers A quarterly publication America and the world to meet, mingle, in public history, teaching living history and of the National Council on and share ideas and research. In all, there utilizing first-person interpretation in the Public History in cooperation with are more than 500 presenters and speakers classroom, suggested practices for doing history the Department of History, participating in 110 sessions and four in public, and the future of historic house Indiana University at Indianapolis. workshops over the course of five days. museums. There are also seven field trips and a The day will conclude with several special number of social events to fill out the James Gardner, President events. A poster session with more than 40 conference schedule. presenters will begin at 5:30 p.m. A no-host Sharon Babaian, Vice-President The conference will open with a reception bar will be available as you stroll through the on Wednesday evening to honor The Public Rebecca Conard, Past President hall to meet various authors and presenters. Historian and Environmental History, NCPH’s The keynote banquet, featuring a Pacific Coast- Harry Klinkhamer, and ASEH’s journals. A plenary session, First Nations-themed banquet, will begin at 7:00 Secretary-Treasurer entitled “Public History and the Environment,” p.m. Following dinner, NCPH and ASEH will will follow. Regular sessions begin Thursday present their respective awards. Concluding the David G. Vanderstel, morning at 8:30 a.m., including such topics as evening will be an address given by Dr. Libby Executive Director memorials and sacred landscapes; integrating > continued on page 2 2004 NCPH Annual Meeting > continued from page 1

Haight O’Connell from The History Channel. Seating for the banquet is limited and requires pre-registration; the cost is $50.00 US. Sessions resume Saturday morning at 8:30 a.m. and continue throughout the day. On Saturday evening, NCPH and ASEH will hold separate fundraising events. NCPH will hold its party The Fairmont Empress Hotel at historic St. Anne’s Academy from 6:30-8:00 p.m. Proceeds The Fairmont Empress has been completely restored to from this event will go to support the NCPH Endowment and her turn-of-the-century beauty. Challenge Grant Campaign. Cost for tickets is $60.00; $25.00 for students. ASEH will hold its event at Swans Pub. Following Non-Member, $115.00; Student, $50.00; single day registration, the fundraisers, all conference-goers are invited to a rocking $50.00 per day. Bluegrass Jam Session. Meet up with some of your favorite Please note that all prices are in US dollars, and registration historians in an informal, fun, social setting. Be sure to bring fees must be paid in US dollars only. You must register early along your bluegrass instruments; some will be available on-site. for workshops, tours, meals, and special events since space is The conference will conclude at noon on Sunday following a limited. All conference participants, presenters, panelists, half-day of sessions. moderators, and others are required to register for the There are other events of special interest to NCPH members. conference. The NCPH Presidential Luncheon will be held at the Fairmont As noted, the conference will be held at the beautiful Empress on Saturday 3 April from 12:15 to 1:45 p.m. Following Fairmont Empress Hotel where a block of rooms has been a brief business meeting, President James Gardner will give his reserved for attendees. Single and double occupancy room rates presidential address entitled, “Contested Terrain: History, for NCPH and ASEH delegates are $158 Canadian per night; Museums, and the Public.” A variety of organized breakfasts US rate dependent upon daily exchange rate. Each extra person will be available to attendees, including the New Professional sharing a room will be charged an additional $30 per night. Breakfast on Friday morning and the Public History Educators Reservations must be made by 1 March to receive these rates, Breakfast on Saturday. These events will occur at the Royal so book immediately. You can reach their reservation agents at British Columbia Museum at a cost of $8.00 per person per (800) 441-1414. For further hotel information, please check our event and include a breakfast buffet. website at www.ncph.org With all of these stimulating sessions and exciting events, We sincerely hope to meet many of you in Victoria. We we expect attendance to be high. We therefore encourage you expect that this conference will be a huge success and look to pre-register for the conference. NCPH and ASEH members forward to your participation in making this event memorable. who pre-register by 10 March will be charged $85.00 US; non- If you have not yet received your Conference Program and member pre-registration rate is $95.00; the Student rate is registration materials, visit the NCPH website at www.ncph.org $40.00. Those wishing to register for single days in advance and go to “Annual Meetings” where you can download a will be charged $40.00 per day. Pre-registrations must be registration form. post-marked by 10 March to receive the discount prices. If you have any questions, call the NCPH Executive Offices After 10 March registrations may only be made on-site at 317.274.2716 or email [email protected] for the following costs: NCPH or ASEH Member, $100.00; See you in Victoria!

WELCOME TO OUR NEW MEMBERS American University Library, Richard Dressner, Diana Korner, Osnabrueck, Germany Rose Searby, Erskineville, Washington, DC Mount Vernon, VA Joyce Latham, Champaign, IL Australia Katrine, Barber, Ft. Lewis College, Center Kristin Leahy, Sunderland, MD Ken Silver, Johnson City, TN Portland, OR of Southwest Studies, Joan Mann, Las Vegas, NV Irving Sloan, Scarsdale, NY Melissa Bateman, Durango, CO Thomas Markousis, Amy Stevens, Brewer, ME Greenville, SC Franklin College, Franklin, IN Columbus, OH Jenny Thomson, Evanston, IL Simon Bronner, George Washington’s Mount Allison Marsh, Baltimore, MD Lisa Timinski, Third Lake, IL Middletown, PA Vernon, Mount Vernon, VA Debra Mecky, Cos Cob, CT U.S. Army Center for Military Troy Burton, Raleigh, NC John Graboski, Cleveland, OH Memorial University of History, Washington, D.C. Liz Carter, Eugene, OR Lexi Graves-Wesolosky, Newfoundland, St. Johns, Lia Vella, Kimberly, OR Lisa Christensen, Leonard, MI Newfoundland William Wadsworth, Concord, CA Kristen Griffin, Sitka, AL Nancy Morgan, Chapel Hill, TN Las Vegas, NV Denise Cook, Nick Hamaker, Flagstaff, AZ Kevin Nelson, Senoia, GA Suzanne Wasserman, North Vancouver, BC Reiko Hillyer, New York, NY Office of Commonwealth New York, NY William Dodge, Emily Hines, Gatineau, Quebec Libraries, Harrisburg, PA Ingrid Wuebber, Albuquerque, NM Sarah Jones, Springfield, IL Judy Schultz, Mesa, AZ Trenton, NJ Boston Women’s Memorial: A Collaboration Between Artists, Historians, and the Public

by Meredith Bergmann life-giving things, and I wanted to honor them with the most [email protected] beautiful figurative sculptures I could make. The competition also specified a work of contemporary “ t t took centuries for the likenesses of Abigail Adams, Phillis art, yet one that would not conflict with the harmonious Wheatley, and Lucy Stone to be cast in brilliant bronze and progression of monuments, trees, and stately facades that make Iset upon a granite tableau under the elm and maple trees the Commonwealth Avenue Mall a 19th century landmark. of Commonwealth Avenue's mall. But it took only seconds Looking at those monuments, I realized that the symbols for yesterday for people to embrace Boston's newest landmark.” remembrance, heroism and stature had to be used in a new way: That’s how the Boston for women. I knew that to Globe began its description make this commission a work of the unveiling of the Boston of art I had to find a powerful, Women’s Memorial, but clear, symbolic structure that behind those “only seconds” incorporated traditional statues was a process of community with wit. involvement that I believe was Thinking about the tension essential to the “embrace.” between art of the 19th century Public art originates not as and the 21st, and about the an individual artist’s impulse for changes in attitudes towards self-expression but as a request women, I came up with the for help with a group’s idea of using the elements expression. Throughout the common to the monuments five years I spent working along Commonwealth Avenue on the memorial I had many – large bronze figures, granite interactions with committee Boston Women’s Memorial pedestals, inscribed quotations members, commissioners, members of the community, scholars, – and reassembling them to remind us of the struggle for women’s and descendants of two of the three figures I was commissioned liberation that is part of the message of this memorial. I would to sculpt. I always tried to understand what they saw and to literally bring the women down from their pedestals. see how their ideas could stimulate my vision. Our intense For the Memorial to work as a memorial to women in general, collaboration, first with the original assignment and then during each figure had to be both a portrait and a symbol, alive and the approvals process, gave me the opportunity to think carefully allegorical at the same time. I sculpted each woman at a different about what makes an original, coherent, public age and made each one exemplify a different creative work of art. temperament. They are young, middle-aged and elderly, In 1998 I won the competition for the Boston Women’s contemplative, active, and imaginative; and I supported these Memorial, which to me was a strange idea for a memorial. Art portrayals with quotations from their works. In this way they about women usually deals with their beauty, fertility or fortitude represent a spectrum of possibilities for expression and influence in bearing and raising children, condemns women as temptresses throughout a woman’s life. They are arranged in a circle so that who caused the Fall of Man, or makes them empty vessels of a kind of conversation can take place among them in our minds. Allegory. Here, three women-– Abigail Adams, Lucy Stone and Ideas like these may come in a flash, but traditional sculpture, Phillis Wheatley– had been chosen by a large group of (mostly) especially public art, can be a very slow process. I made each of women to stand for and embody all of Boston’s rich feminine these sculptures at least three times. At each stage my ideas and history. Over the years the project was often referred to in print work were tested before a committee. Early on, I staged a and by all involved as a way to “remember the Ladies,” in Abigail’s “sculpture rehearsal” on the Mall, with three very tall women phrase. It became my job to try to create a work that would help and three large cardboard pedestals to test the scale of my design the citizens of Boston imagine for the future what we might mean in situ. I won approval for the design and my choice of quotations by “Ladies”. at a series of commission meetings, where passionate discussions “Stand for and embody” implied the presence of human figures, were held on various details, such as whether Abigail Adams could and the organizing committee asked that the three women be given be portrayed without a hat. The committee also visited my studio “stature.” This language seemed to mandate figurative sculptures. to see work in progress and also to see a half-size model of the These women lived, loved, and worked, so I labored to give them entire Memorial lit up with half-size light fixtures showing how real female bodies that show their history and usage. Lucy Stone it could look at night. I then spent a year working on the figures wrote, bluntly, “Woman will not always be a thing.” For centuries at their full size. At each stage it became necessary to dig deeper women were their bodies– their minds and spirits were things to be into the meaning of the project. carefully controlled. In today’s free-thinking world, it seemed > continued on page 5 important to me to emphasize that women, far more than men, cannot easily escape their bodies. Those bodies are wonderful 3 Raising Funds for Editing Projects in Today’s Economy Requires Creativity and Perseverance

by Peter Engelman

ne review of The Selected Papers of Margaret Sanger, Volume I: The Woman Rebel, 1900-1928, edited by Esther Katz, Cathy O Moran Hajo and Peter Engelman (University of Illinois Press, 2003), characterized our effort as having been achieved with “monk-like dispassion.” We took it as a supreme compliment and validation of our objectivity as historical editors. It also prompted me to extend the metaphor and view our editing project like a monastery. It’s not so far-fetched; there’s a sense of asceticism inherent in our work – a kind of professional self-denial. And it is certainly quiet –most of the time. What is most similar, however, is the fact that we, like monks, are rather far-removed in our training and perspective from marketing strategies and capital campaigns. Yet we must raise a significant amount of money to do work that, even when it is most successful, goes largely unnoticed. To collect, select, transcribe, annotate and publish historical documents can take a very long time, well over a decade for a multi-volume edition. At the Sanger Project we work with collections amounting to over 200,000 documents, and it is a time-consuming feat just to keep track of them all. Historical editors follow specific principles and practices that cannot be compromised if the work is to be authoritative, useful, and lasting. These editions will presumably only be done once if done well. It’s an expensive endeavor with a limited pool of funding sources and a negligible monetary return. As editors, therefore, we spend a great deal of time raising money. There is little comfort in knowing we are not alone; many if not most working in the fields of public history and historical publishing are facing a It should be. Researchers in and outside of academia rely similar experience. on historical editions. A 1992 study on the use of historical Historian Esther Katz started the Margaret Sanger Papers Project documents, initiated by the National Historical Publications and in 1987 to publish and make available the writings and papers of Records Commission (NHPRC), found substantial use of editions the noted birth control reformer, Margaret Sanger (1879-1966). by both amateur and professional researchers. Many cited their The project spent a number of years collecting Sanger material ability to conduct more intensive and sophisticated research using from all over the world and working with two existing Sanger transcribed, annotated, and indexed documents. A number of manuscript collections. We identified and described each document and published a two-series, 101-reel microfilm edition. Is commodification next? Will mugs and t-shirts or Currently we are near completion of the second volume of a four- (as some have suggested) condoms with Sanger’s image volume book edition. Sponsored by New York University, the Sanger Project employs on the wrapper soon be available to our donors? an editor/director and two associate editors as well as student Don’t count on it. assistants. While the University covers student wages and office space, money must be raised to meet editors’ salaries and a host of other expenses. This in not an unusual situation in the editing those surveyed opted to use editions to avoid the time and cost of world, where the work, while valued by the historical community, traveling to a repository. At the Sanger Project we are inundated carries the stigma of an extra-curricular activity – somehow not with research requests. The material we have published or essential to the academic workplace. It often resides just outside mounted on our website has been used by all variety of historians, the mainstream academic community, and is seldom a funding filmmakers, medical researchers, journalists, both anti-abortion priority. and reproductive rights activists, and hundreds of students. > continued on next page Fortunately, the National Endowment for the Humanities The constant quest for funding has also been a catalyst (NEH) and the NHPRC recognize the value of historical editing for our immersion in the Internet. The Project has recently and its lasting contribution to historical scholarship. These embarked on an Internet edition, The Public Speeches and Articles agencies supply over half of our annual budget. But that still of Margaret Sanger (1911-1959), which will take advantage of leaves us with a considerable amount of money to raise. Many technology to make these texts highly accessible. Such ventures private foundations have generously supported our work, but into new technology enable us to tap into new sources of funding. as our project has entered its second decade, it has become more Our popular web site (www.nyu.edu/projects/sanger) even includes and more difficult to approach the same foundations year after a link to a bookseller that returns us a small percentage year. Corporate funders have shown little interest in historical of sales. editions; we cannot offer them glitzy acknowledgments or product We have marketed the Project in more traditional ways as well: placement. We do not have a time-line that offers the immediate a short video, an exhibit, receptions, lectures and book signings – gratification many of them are looking for. all in an effort to raise sales of our editions, public interest in So we have had to learn to market and publicize our project Sanger and, of course, funds. Is commodification next? Will using the best resources available to us – the documents. mugs and t-shirts or (as some have suggested) condoms with We are both blessed and cursed with the subject of our work. Sanger’s image on the wrapper soon be available to our donors? Margaret Sanger remains a visible and highly controversial figure Don’t count on it. today, demonized by the anti-choice right and sanctified by the The work of the historical editor in the current economic reproductive rights movement she founded. Her legacy both opens environment depends upon fund-raising ability as much as editing and closes doors. Every so often a controversy arises in the press proficiency. If we don’t like it we might as well turn the work over as to whether Sanger’s intentions were (to simplify it) benevolent to monks, if they can find the time between selling brandy and or evil. These flare-ups give us an opportunity to weigh in with beer and dog-training manuals and yoga videos and . . . an expert opinion based on the documentary record, generating publicity for the Project. Peter Engelman is the associate editor of the Margaret Sanger We publish a newsletter three times a year to highlight these Papers at New York University, a writer and an archivist. He is controversies, describe the resources we offer, and feature a graduate from the NYU program in Archival Management and interesting articles about Sanger and the birth control movement. Historical Editing and holds an M.A. in History and a B.A. in English. It has become a successful fund-raising vehicle, attracting many He also attended the Institute for the Editing of Historical Documents in small donations from individuals, an uncommon source of funding Madison, WI. He has written widely on Margaret Sanger and the birth for large editing projects. control movement and writes and edits the Sanger Project's newsletter.

Boston Women’s Memorial > continued from page 3

When completed, one message of this memorial emerged: flowers faded they were replaced with a bouquet for Lucy and that we must learn not to suppress ourselves. At the unveiling those flowers, too, began to roam. Members of the public have I spoke about what I’d learned from this project about ambition thus started to add their own symbolism to mine. and femininity, modesty and presentation. I reminded Meredith Bergmann is the audience that “…we …we are still at the beginning of a process a sculptor with 25 years are still at the beginning of of fundamental change in human behavior: the liberation experience making work that a process of fundamental deals with complex themes in change in human behavior: of women. This is not automatic, inevitable, or to be taken an understandable, beautiful the liberation of women. for granted…This memorial reminds us that the human and stimulating way. Her This is not automatic, motto for her work is “to inevitable, or to be taken for spirit craves something to do in life, to do urgently, move, to teach, and to granted…This memorial reminds us that the human passionately, and self-forgetfully. delight.” Her success as spirit craves something to do a creator of public art stems in life, to do urgently, passionately, and self-forgetfully.” from her ability to make free, imaginative use of the forms and My favorite photo of the unveiling ceremony doesn’t show symbols of traditional sculpture to address, without simplification, the sculptures- they are covered by people, and each person is the complex concerns of modern life. Her work has been shown either touching the sculptures or pointing at something. When I in galleries, museums and parks and is in many corporate and visited the memorial a week after the unveiling I saw that a institutional collections. Her most recent public commission was large bouquet of flowers had been placed at Abigail’s feet. The for the Boston Women’s Memorial. She lives in New York City next day, someone had broken off two red carnations and stuck with her husband and son. them under Lucy’s fingers and behind Phillis’ ear. When those 5 WASHINGTON UPDATE

will be selected from the group of state finalists. For more details on the Teacher of the Year program, visit: http://www.gilderlehrman. org/awards.html. For additional information on the Preserve America initiative, by Bruce Craig, Executive Director go to: http://www.PreserveAmerica.gov. [email protected] Smithsonian History Museum Exhibition to Focus on Military Preserve America Grant Program to Include History Component History - On 22 January 2004, officials of the Smithsonian - On 15 January 2004, Mrs. Laura Bush announced that a portion National Museum of American History (NMAH) announced of the president's proposed budget for FY 2005 will include $10 plans to open a $19 million permanent exhibit called "The Price million in "Preserve America" grants to assist communities in of Freedom" by Veterans Day 2004 (11 November). The 18,200- preserving their cultural and natural resources. The grants will square-foot exhibit will explore the topic of the nation's military seek to assist states, Indian tribes, and communities that can history, beginning with the French and Indian War in the 1750s demonstrate sustainable uses of their historic and cultural sites and culminating with the conflict in Afghanistan and the as well as foster economic and educational opportunities related Iraq war. to heritage tourism. The exhibition will use some 700 military-related artifacts "Preserve America" is a White House initiative designed in (including a military jeep and a helicopter) that will help tell cooperation with the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, the story of how Americans fought to establish the nation's the US Department of the Interior, and the US Department of independence, determined the nation's borders, shaped its values, Commerce. Hill insiders report that the proposed $10 million and defined its role in world affairs. Interactive stations, video earmark for the initiative will not include any "new monies," presentations, and first-person accounts will be integrated into rather, the funds will be made available "from existing programs." the interpretive narrative that, according to museum officials, As part of the "Preserve America" initiative announcement, will go beyond a mere survey of battles but instead will "examine Mrs. Bush discussed two related education efforts that will also wars as both social and military events." To that end, the be launched to enhance the teaching of history in classrooms. exhibition will analyze the relationship between wars and American First, in partnership with The History Channel's "Save Our political leadership, social values, technological innovation, and History" program, the administration will support the creation personal sacrifice. According to NMAH director Brent Glass, the of a history education manual that will provide teachers with exhibition's goal is to "give visitors a comprehensive and memorable lesson plans and ideas on how to get students involved with the overview of America's military experience and the central role it preservation of historical sites in their communities. Second, in has played in our national life." partnership with The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American The exhibit will serve as the anchor for a newly renovated History, the administration will honor outstanding teachers of Military History Hall and is the first phase of a three-pronged American history with a new "'Preserve America' History Teacher renovation of the museum. The exhibit will be funded largely of the Year" award. State winners will receive $1,000 and a core from an $80 million gift to the museum by businessman archive of history materials for their school. The national winner Kenneth Behring.

ABOUT OUR MEMBERS on the new, on-line encyclopedia of New Zealand for the Ministry for Culture and Heritage. She was a history lecturer Barbara Franco, who most recently served as the Executive at the University of Auckland from 1975 to 1983 and received Director of the Historical Society of Washington, D.C., has the University’s Distinguished Alumni Award in 1997. Orange been appointed Director of the Pennsylvania Historical and has published widely on aspects of the Treaty of Waitangi, Museum Commission. including The Treaty of Waitangi (1987), The Story of a Treaty (1989), and An Illustrated History of the Treaty of Waitangi Claudia Orange has been appointed as Te Papa’s Director of (1990). History and Pacific Cultures. Dr. Orange is a highly regarded historian with a distinguished career in this field. She has Robert Weible, formerly of the Division of History of the Pennsylvania most recently been the General Editor of the Dictionary of Historical and Museum Commission, is the new Acting Director New Zealand Biography, a position she has held since 1990. of the Bureau of Archives and History, Pennsylvania Historical Dr. Orange was also Acting Chief Historian at the Department and Museum Commission. of Internal Affairs from 1997 to 2000, and has worked 7 FROM THE DIRECTOR’S DESK

orientation, we have an interesting opportunity to share perceptions and understandings of history, particularly those shaped by their pre-collegiate exposure to history. I have found that many students view history as simply the by David G. Vanderstel memorization of names and dates with maybe a little “context” [email protected] and “cause and effect” tossed in. Rarely do they see the applicability or relevance of history in contemporary society. Several history-related items in the news caught my attention When they make that comment, I describe those early 20th in recent months, so pardon me while I have an “Andy Rooney century historians who took a more progressive or applied view of moment.” history and argued that knowing how we got to this place in time Once again, there were protests over the display of the “Enola might help us address the challenges that we face in contemporary Gay,” now residing in its new home, the Air and Space Museum society. We also discuss the work of contemporary historians II at Dulles Airport. Japanese survivors objected to the absence who work “in the public’s interest,” especially those working of any historical interpretation about the bombing of the event; on environmental policy, Native American/ First Nations issues, the museum’s director replied that the museum deals solely historic preservation, and historical interpretation at local, state, with “technical aspects,” thereby dismissing any element of and national parks, monuments, museums, and other historic sites. historical interpretation of the aircraft. The students then begin to see the relevance and importance of A colleague informed me that “historian” is not a valid job the past to the present – indeed, one of those light bulb moments classification in the new database in which federal government for which all instructors wait! contractors must register to receive payment. “Editor” and Students also seem to be getting a better handle on multiple “sociologist” are indeed recognized, but not “historian.” While perspectives in history. In attempting to get at the “truth” there are historians working throughout the government, why about the past, they are interested in learning about the “other aren’t historians recognized as consultants? side of the story.” They are curious about the conflicts and In the continuing debate over the war in Iraq, we continue differing viewpoints that have shaped events and realize that to hear references from the Administration about “revisionists” such complexity and multiple layers make the past that much who are seeking to rewrite the “real story” of the war—as if to more interesting. say that there is only one side to “history” and that history does Consequently, I see my students developing a stronger not include multiple perspectives. Sounds like yet another failure appreciation for the historian and recognizing the need for to comprehend what history really is and how it is done. the public to have greater faith in the words and works of the And, then the thing that really bothers me is the bombardment professional historian. They acknowledge that just as we turn of emails from the great electronic source of all knowledge. I am our pets over to professional veterinarians and our autos to amazed at how many people actually believe the stuff they find expert mechanics, the public should rely upon the professional from obscure sites on the Web and then disseminate so-called historian for insights into the past. “truth” to all those in their address books without taking the time I’m pleased that my students are learning to be more critical to verify the source or examine its context. “I had a real history about the past by asking probing questions about the reliability lesson,” said one writer (whose forwarded message contained of sources and seeking the multiple voices from the past. On the numerous historical errors). “But, I found it on the Internet, other hand, I am concerned about those who do not want to face so it must be true!” (I could make a career out of debunking the the complexity and depth of history and who choose instead to myths and falsehoods that seem to proliferate faster than rabbits!) live in some sort of “history fantasyland,” populated by individuals Despite these disappointments, maybe there is hope! of mythological proportions and unreal events. I should probably ••• just delete those emails, shake my head, and acknowledge that The arrival of January meant a new group of students in my I probably won’t be able to change those individuals’ minds anyway “The Nature of History” class. The course, originally designed to and focus my energies on those students who are beginning to introduce non-history majors to the study and practice of history, realize the value of history. Maybe by demonstrating the usefulness has been a requirement for our museum studies certificate students of history and the importance of historical perspective in contemporary since that program’s inception. Last year, it became a requirement society, I’ll be able to help nurture a small group of individuals for all secondary education social studies majors. So, I have seen who will value history in their own lives. I hope that each one enrollment jump from about one dozen students to nearly thirty of us, through our own areas of work, will be able to affect the students each semester. lives of our respective publics and assist in cultivating a deeper One of the fascinating aspects of the class has proved to be the appreciation and understanding of history. In doing so, imagine mix of the students’ backgrounds, interests, and degree programs. the impact that we historians will have in shaping the future As such, they come to the study of history from different angles. perceptions and uses of history—as well as enhancing our And since I conduct the class with a heavy public history reputations as professionals. PRESIDENT’S COMMENTS

organizations seeking your support, but we’re counting on your sharing our conviction that none of the others advances the work of our field as does NCPH. This is something I believe very strongly–I’m probably involved in more organizations than makes by James Gardner sense, from AASLH to the AHA, but my priority is always the [email protected] National Council because of its centrality to my professional life. The others can come and go, but NCPH is the constant, providing As we continue into the New Year, the biggest challenge ahead connections to colleagues and work not only across the nation but for NCPH is moving forward with our endowment campaign and internationally. As I wrote in my last column, NCPH is truly fulfilling the terms of our Challenge Grant from the National unique, bringing “educators and practitioners together to advance Endowment for the Humanities. This is critical for the public history as a profession. The Public Historian, the annual organization–not only do we need to build a stronger financial meeting, this newsletter, the awards, and everything else we do foundation for the long term but we also need to demonstrate come from that collaboration. No one else has the same mix of to NEH that we have the capacity public historians that we have, as an organization to follow We know that there are many organizations and that’s our strength.” A through as proposed. We must seeking your support, but we’re counting on your pledge or contribution to NCPH meet this challenge as an is an investment in that important organization. Failing to do so sharing our conviction that none of the others advances work, providing us with the is simply not an option. the work of our field as does NCPH. resources to do more, to build our The good news is that we’re capacity to work on your behalf. off to an excellent start. As we While we have begun the New reported in earlier issues of Public History News, the NCPH Year with significant pledges from some of you, we have a long way Board launched the campaign at the Houston annual meeting to go before we reach this year’s target of $30,000. That isn’t with donations or pledges from every member, and we easily really a lot to raise–less than $20 per member above the annual exceeded our goal for 2003. But the real challenge is ahead of dues. But that doesn’t mean it will be easy–raising endowment us–according to the terms of our grant, our first year fund-raising funds is always a challenge, whatever the goal. And it’s even more goal was only $10,000, but we’ve committed to raising $30,000 problematic for professional organizations–we’re just a group each year for the next two and $20,000 in the last year of the of people, without the bricks-and-mortar assets that convey campaign. To position the organization for that challenge Rebecca permanence to and attract potential donors. We’ll certainly Conard and I successfully recruited every former NCPH chair seek large gifts (probably from outside the organization–we and president to serve on the campaign’s Leadership Council-- aren’t, by and large, a wealthy group) and reward such donors who better to demonstrate the continuing strength of the with appropriate recognition in this newsletter and at the annual organization than the roster of distinguished individuals who meeting, but ultimately we’ll still depend on gifts from individual have so ably led it? Heading up this impressive lineup are members like yourself who know the importance of the Alan Newell as chair and G. Wesley Johnson as honorary organization from first-hand experience. Such gifts are important chair. In collaboration with our standing Endowment Committee, not only in helping us build financial security but also as evidence ably chaired by Marianne Babel, the Council has focused on that we are really doing our job, reaching and supporting the work developing the strategy and structure for the three-year campaign of our members. Every gift, large or small, is a vote of confidence ahead. Without doubt, the campaign is in very capable hands. in the organization and its work. But in the final analysis, our success will hinge on each of you So, when you’re approached about making a pledge or donation, and your willingness to make a personal financial commitment to I hope you’ll do so. We’re counting on every one of you to step up the future of the organization. We know that there are many and make an investment in NCPH. If you won’t, who will?

STAY INFORMED ABOUT THE LATEST FROM THE WORLD OF PUBLIC HISTORY

Visit the NCPH website page at www.ncph.org Subscribe to H-Public by sending your name, institutional affliliation, and email address to [email protected] 9 NATIONAL COUNCIL ON PUBLIC HISTORY

PATRONS AND SPONSORS NCPH wishes to thank the following institutions and organizations for committing to membership at the Patron and Sponsor levels. Super Patron The History Channel

Patrons American Association for State and Local History Historical Research Associates, Inc. Department of History, Carnegie Mellon University Department of History, Georgia State University Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis National Park Service Center for Oral and Public History, California State University- Fullerton

Sponsors Department of History, Middle Department of History, Wichita American Heritage Center, Tennessee State University State University University of Wyoming Department of History, Department of History, Department of History, University of North University of Wyoming Appalachian State University Carolina, Wilmington Chicago Historical Society Department of History, Arizona Department of History, Indiana Historical Society Oklahoma State University State University Krieger Publishing Company Department of History, Department of History, Missouri Historical Society University of Arkansas, Little Southwest Texas State University ODAM/Historical Office, Rock Department of Defense Department of History, California Department of History, University of South Carolina Pennsylvania Historical and State University, Sacramento Museum Commission Department of History, State Department of History, Tennessee Valley Authority University of California, University of New York, Riverside Albany Truman Presidential Library Department of History, Department of History, Wells Fargo Bank University of California, Washington State University Santa Barbara Department of History, Department of History, James University of Waterloo, Madison University Canada If we can assist as you plan your Public History Program, Department of History, Loyola giving, please contact NCPH University of Chicago University of West Georgia Executive Director, David Department of History, Department of History, Western University of Massachusetts- Michigan University Vanderstel at 317.274.2718 Amherst or email him at [email protected].

Thank you for your generosity! BULLETIN

universities; and other museums and historic sites AWARDS, FELLOWSHIPS, and a one-page resume of the interested parties. that interpret this period, GRANTS AND INTERNSHIPS participant. The summary should specify the major Heritage Matters is published and announcements of digital The Maryland Historical Society primary and secondary sources twice annually and is available projects are welcome, as well invites applications for its Lord used in the research. Proposals on-line. Readers are encouraged as more customary history Baltimore Research Fellowships. should be for formal, footnoted to submit articles, information essays. For more details The Society offers four papers. The deadline for proposals on publications and projects, contact the editor: Professor fellowships each year designed is 26 March 2004. The Conference conference announcements, Alan Lessoff, Department to promote scholarship in takes place in Springfield, IL, and other notices. Submitted of History, Illinois State Maryland history and culture 28-29 October 2004. Send material should be no more University, Campus Box 4420, through research in its library proposals to: Thomas F. than 600 words and should Normal, IL 61790-4420; and museum collections. Schwartz, State Historian, include the author’s name and email: [email protected]; Applications will be welcomed Illinois Historic Preservation affiliation. Submitters are or the Associate Editor for from independent scholars, Agency, 1 Old State Capitol encouraged to include color Public History: Professor graduate students, or university Plaza, Springfield, IL 62701- or black and white photographs Karen Cox, History faculty in any discipline 1507; phone 217-782-2118; or slides to accompany their Department, University of appropriate to its collections. fax 217-785-7937; e-mail: information (Electronic images North Carolina-Charlotte, While the fellowships are [email protected]; are welcome. Minimum 300 Charlotte, NC 28223; non-stipendiary, fellows will URL: http://www.state.il.us/ dpi, 8 in. x 10 in. Visit our email: [email protected]; be provided with office space, hpa/conference.htm publications page for more URL: www.jgape.org. computers with Internet ••• detailed criteria). Newsletter connections, office supplies, Heritage Matters, the newsletter items may be transmitted in CONFERENCES AND staff-level access to the library of the Cultural Resources written form or electronically LECTURE SERIES and museum, and free parking. Diversity Program of the to: Brian D. Joyner, Editor, The term of the fellowship may National Park Service, is Heritage Matters, DOI/National be from one week to six months accepting articles for its Park Service, 1849 C Street, The USS Constellation Museum, during the period from 1 June next issue. The newsletter NW, (2251), Washington, in partnership with the Maryland 2004 to 31 May 2005. addresses historic preservation DC 20240, e-mail: Historical Society, is pleased Applications must be postmarked and cultural resources activities [email protected], fax: to announce the 150th by 1 April 2004. For more as they pertain to diverse 202.371.2422. Deadline for Anniversary Speaker Series, information, go to http://www. communities. It informs submissions is 1 April 2004. a year-long program focusing mdhs.org/fellowship.html. preservation professionals To read past issues of Heritage on the USS Constellation, the about what is taking place in Matters, visit the website at Civil War Navy, and other diverse communities, and offers http://www.cr.nps.gov/crdi topics of 19th-century maritime CALLS FOR PAPER, ARTICLES, these communities information and click on “publications.” interest. From slave trade AND PRESENTATIONS about programs and resources ••• interdiction, to maritime from which they may benefit. The Journal of the Gilded Age archeology, to the experience Proposals for individual papers With a circulation of nearly and Progressive Era invites of the African-American sailor, or panels on any aspect of two thousand, Heritage Matters manuscripts on any aspect of to the rations of 19th-century Illinois' history, culture, politics, has a broad readership around public history in the United sailors and officers, this geography, literature, and the nation. The audience States between roughly 1870 program, presented by some archaeology are requested for includes National Park Service and 1920. Published by the of the nation's preeminent the Conference on Illinois History. and other Federal, State, and Society for Historians of the authorities on their respective The Conference welcomes local cultural resource Gilded Age and Progressive subjects, offers a wide range submissions from professional management staff; private Era, this is the only journal of topics for all those interested and avocational historians, sector partners in the historic specifically devoted to this in our nation's maritime and graduate students, and those preservation and cultural decisive period in formative naval history. All presentations engaged in the study of Illinois resource management fields; period for regions and localities will take place in the Maryland history at libraries, historic professors and students at throughout the United States. Historical Society's France sites, museums, and historical HBCUs, Hispanic-Serving Illustrated essays and essays on Merrick Hall, 201 West societies. Each proposal should Institutions, Tribal Colleges, material culture, preservation Monument Street, on the include a summary of the topic and other colleges and and the built environment, third Thursday of each 11 month, with the program educators, researchers and the will have the opportunity reproductive endocrinology - commencing at 7:00 pm. general public. to contribute to the site by the study of hormones involved The project seamlessly weaves anonymously relating their in reproduction – and explains Some upcoming events include: together photo collections from own experiences with the the radioimmunoassay's • 15 April 2004 – “The Slave Trade twelve distinct organizations home pregnancy test. usefulness both for early Confronted: Captain Bell's from across King County into The home pregnancy test pregnancy detection and for Voyage,” presented by Dr. C. one comprehensive, searchable works by identifying the monitoring tumors in certain Herbert Gilliland, professor of database. Each group maintains presence of the "pregnancy types of cancer. Included in English at the United States its own digital collection, yet hormone," human chorionic the on-line exhibit is a glossary Naval Academy all are virtually combined at gonadotropin (hCG), in urine. of scientific terms. www.kcsnapshots.org. Funding Research that led to a NIH is working with the • 17 June 2004 – “A Navy in for this project came from the sensitive, accurate test for Center for History and New Transition: From Sail to federal government's Institute hCG was done by scientists Media (CHNM) at George Steam; Wood toIron,”presented of Museum and Library Services in the Reproductive Research Mason University in Virginia by Dr. Craig Symonds, professor in the form of a 2001 National Branch of the National to collect visitors' experiences of Naval History at the United Leadership Grant. Software to Institute of Child Health with the home pregnancy test. States Naval Academy organize and post the images on and Human Development Personal narratives submitted the web came from local (NICHD) at NIH. The will become part of the web • 15 July 2004 – “The Civil War at company DiMeMa, licensed to exhibit includes excerpts site exhibit, and all responses Sea,” presented by Mark Hayes the University of Washington. from interviews with the two will be permanently archived of the Naval Historical Center, Groups taking part in the principal scientists whose work for future students and Washington, DC project include: Black Heritage led to the development of the scholars. Visitors to the web Society of Washington State, test, Judith Vaitukaitis, M.D., site therefore have a unique • 19 August 2004 – “The Misery Inc.; Eastside Heritage Center; and Glenn Braunstein, M.D. opportunity to add their own Station: Fighting the Slave Maple Valley Historical Society; The web site introduces voices to the history of the Trade,” presented by Ed Bearss, Northwest Railway Museum; visitors to the science of pregnancy test. Historian Emeritus of the Puget Sound Maritime National Park Service Historical Society; Rainier Valley Historical Society; • 16 September 2004 – “CSS Renton Historical Museum; Hunley: Recovered and Shoreline Historical Museum; Raised,” presented by Mark White River Valley Museum; The National Council on Public History Ragan, historian at The and Wing Luke Asian Museum. promotes the application of historical Hunley Project. ••• scholarship outside the university in An on-line exhibit, sponsored government, business, historical societies, preservation by the Office of National Institutes organizations, archives, libraries, professional associations, INTERNET of Health History, marking the and public interest groups. 25th anniversary of the For details contact NCPH President James Gardner, commercial introduction of After two years of work, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, the home pregnancy test is twelve Seattle and King County P.O. Box 37012, MRC 664, Washington, DC 20013-7012; now available on the World heritage organizations led by (202) 357-1835; E-mail [email protected]; or David G. Wide Web at: the Museum of History and Industry Vanderstel, NCPH Executive Director, Cavanaugh 327, http://www.history.nih.gov (MOHAI) and the University IUPUI, 425 University Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5140; /exhibits/thinblueline. The of Washington Libraries has (317) 274-2716; E-mail: [email protected]. exhibit includes a historical launched a new website that timeline of pregnancy testing, For change of address, write UC Press, 2000 Center St., provides unparalleled access portrayals of the pregnancy Suite 303, Berkeley, CA 94704-1223. to 12,000 historical images of test in popular culture, and people, places and events in scientific background on Submissions to Public History News should be sent to King County, Washington. the research that led to the David G. Vanderstel, Editor, at the address above. The site, www.kcsnapshots.org, development of the test. is now available to students, Visitors to the on-line exhibit NCPH ELECTION RESULTS

The NCPH Executive Offices are pleased to announce the results of the recent NCPH She has co-authored several local histories, including Louisville elections. New officers and board members will assume their duties at the end of (Images of America Series for Arcadia Publishing, 2001) and Riverside: The Restoration of a Way of Life (1998) and contributed the upcoming NCPH annual meeting in Victoria. to the Encyclopedia of Louisville. Neary, who joined NCPH as a graduate student in the Loyola University Chicago Public Robert Weible has been elected Vice President of NCPH. For History program, has served on the NCPH Consultants, many years, Weible was chief of the Division of History with the Finance, and Cultural Resources Management committees. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission until recently Donald L. Stevens, Jr. is the Senior Historian and Co-Leader of being appointed acting director of the Bureau of Archives and the History Program in the Midwest Region of the National Park History, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Service. In this position, he is involved with supporting cultural He also currently serves as the project director of two Teaching resources management and interpretive programs in parks in American History Grants. Previously, Weible was the historian at a thirteen-state area through coordinating, performing, and Lowell National Historical Park in Massachusetts during the park’s managing history research, assisting with Section 106 compliance, formative years (1979-1989). He has written on industrialization and participating in cultural resources management planning. and the history of Lowell, including The World of the Industrial The work is done in collaboration with a wide range of Revolution: Comparative and International Aspects of Industrialization professionals, such as archeologists, ethnographers, historical and edited The Continuing Revolution: A History of Lowell, architects and landscape architects, museum specialists, and more. Massachusetts and several volumes of Essays from the Lowell Stevens joined the National Park Service in 1987 after completing Conference on Industrial History. Weible has been an active his Ph.D. in applied history and social sciences at Carnegie Mellon member of NCPH since 1980, serving on the Nominating University. Since 1999, he has served on the editorial board of Committee, three Program Committees, a Local Arrangements The Public Historian. He is co-founder (with Ted Karamanski Committee, the History in the National Parks Committee, and of Loyola University Chicago) of the Great Lakes Public History the Johnson Prize Committee. He has also made presentations Workshop, which NCPH has co-sponsored with the National at many NCPH conferences and written a number of reviews and Park Service and the Public History Program of Loyola University. articles for The Public Historian. Weible has worked with various Individuals elected to fill two slots on the Nominating professional organizations, including OAH, AHA, AASLH, and Committee include Patricia Mooney-Melvin and Constance Schulz. the Pennsylvania Historical Association. Pat Mooney-Melvin has been involved in the Public History Those elected to fill three board positions include Emily Program at Loyola University Chicago since 1989, serving as Greenwald, Donna Neary, and Donald L. Stevens, Jr. director of the program between 1990 and 2001. Previous to Emily Greenwald is a historian with Historical Research that, Mooney-Melvin helped to establish and then directed the Associates, Inc., in Missoula, Montana, where she is doing Public History Program at the University of Arkansas at Little research and writing in Native American history for use in Rock (1981-1989). She has been a curator in the History Division litigation. She first worked as a public historian after college, of the Ohio Historical Society and a guest curator for exhibits at doing historical research for a law firm representing the Minnesota The Old State House (Arkansas) and the College of Wooster Chippewa in a suit against the US. She received her Ph.D. in (Ohio) and served as project director or consultant for various history, specializing in Native American and environmental projects in museums, historical societies, archives, and history, from Yale University and subsequently taught for eight elementary/middle schools. Over the years, Mooney-Melvin has years at Bowdoin College and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. held several positions with NCPH, including President, Secretary, She is the author of Reconfiguring the Reservation: The Nez Perces, Board member, committee chair, and committee member. the Jicarilla Apaches, and the Dawes Act (New Mexico, 2002). Connie Schulz has been co-director or director of the Public Donna M. Neary is president of Donna M. Neary, Inc., a historical History Program at the University of South Carolina for the past consulting firm in Louisville, Kentucky. Neary began her business 18 years. She has written frequently on the importance of public in 2000, following seven years as Administrator of the Jefferson history education, most recently in Gardner and LaPaglia’s Public County historic preservation and archives office in Louisville. History: Essays from the Field, and edited and contributed an essay Among her clients are Louisville Stoneware; the Kentucky Derby to the joint NCPH/AHA pamphlet, Careers for Students of History. Museum; Jerry Bruckheimer Productions, Inc., and the Lexington, Schulz has been a member of NCPH since 1985, serving on the KY Convention and Visitors Bureau. She has years of experience Board of Directors and the Membership Committee and in public history, working for government, non-profit entities, and participating in the annual meetings. for private individuals and corporations. Neary has collaborated According to the NCPH Bylaws, Vice President Sharon Babaian on history and archaeology educational programs, taught courses will assume the presidency of the organization at the end of the on local history and historic preservation topics for Bellarmine > continued on next page University, and served on historic preservation commissions. 13 NCPH ELECTION RESULTS > continued from page 13 upcoming annual meeting. Babaian has been a historian with Her publications include Radio Communication in Canada: An the Canada Science and Technology Museum since 1988, Historical and Technological Survey (1992) and The Most Benevolent researching and writing reports on the history of various Machine: An Historical Assessment of Cycles in Canada (1998). She technologies in Canada. Prior to this position, she worked as a has been very active in NCPH since joining in 1993, serving on the researcher and writer for Alberta Culture at both the Reynolds- Membership Committee, Program Committee for the 1996 Seattle Alberta Museum and the Historic Sites Service. Babaian received conference, Local Arrangements chair for the 2001 Ottawa meeting, her B.A. and M.A. in history from the University of Manitoba and and as Secretary-Treasurer. her Master’s in Public Administration from Queen’s University.

ENDOWMENT UPDATE

he NCPH Endowment Campaign continues to make steady NCPH thanks the following contributors to the endowment T progress towards the goal of raising $90,000 over the next since 1 December 2003: three years in order to receive $30,000 in matching funds from Donna M. Neary the National Endowment for the Humanities. During the end A & P Historical Resources Bruce Noble Jr. of the year campaign, members and friends of NCPH contributed Marianne Babal Ellen Nore over $7,000 to the effort. To date, NCPH has raised approximately Robert G. Barrows Martha Norkunas $16,000 towards this year’s goal of $30,000. This critical goal Beth Boland Alan M. Paterson must be reached by the end of June 2004. J.D. Bowers Bruce Bustard Gale E. Peterson Lindsey Reed NCPH established its endowment over ten years ago, intending Andrew J. Butrica Debra Ann Reid the fund to ensure the future stability of the organization. Emily P. Conrad Vivien Rose Over the years, the endowment has supported the annual Kathy Corbett Philip V. Scarpino awards program and provided support for professional Michael Devine Constance B. Schulz development workshops. But, the NCPH Board envisions John R. Dichtl Susan M. Stacy more for the endowment, hence the need to “grow” the fund. Laura Feller Nancy Fetterman Ivan Steen Flume Creek Jeffrey Stine The Endowment will: Brit Allan Storey • enable NCPH to move towards supporting a full-time Historical Services Noel J. Stowe Executive Directorate Lee Formwalt James B. Gardner T. Reed Underhill, Jr. Jannelle Warren-Findley • expand the awards program to recognize contributions Murney Gerlach Robert Weible to and achievements in public history Francis R. Gilmore Otis Graham, Jr. Joan Zenzen • provide professional development opportunities Andrew Gulliford For more information on how you for practicing historians and career guidance assistance Alison K. Hoagland can help NCPH reach its goals for students Pamela Holtman Barbara Howe for the NEH Challenge Grant, contact the NCPH Executive • expand the NCPH publications program Rebecca M. Johnson JRP Historical Offices at 317.274.2716 or email: [email protected] • establish new outreach activities and continuing education Consulting Services programs to promote the study and practice of public history Erin K. Kelley David Kyvig You may send your gifts Harry Klinkhamer and pledges to: • provide research support for curriculum-based public history NCPH Executive Offices programs and projects Nobuko Krych Priscilla J. McMillan 425 University Boulevard Cavanaugh 327 • support other special projects and initiatives. Randall M. Miller Gregory Mobley Indianapolis, IN 46202 Morgan Angel All gifts are tax-deductible. & Associates 15 Mail to: University of California Press NCPH Membership Application 2000 Center St., Suite 303 Berkeley, CA 94704-1223, SPECIAL 15% Introductory Offer for New Members Email: [email protected] I would like to become a member of the National Council Payment Options: on Public History and receive a year’s subscription to The Public ❍ Check enclosed. (Payable to the UC Regents) Historian and Public History News as part of my new membership. ❍ Purchase Order. (Enclosed-prepayment required) ❍ Individual $ 51.00 (regular, 60.00) ❍ Visa ❍ Mastercard Expiration Date______❍ Student (with copy of ID) $ 21.25 (regular, 25.00) ❍ Associate Member $100.00 Account#______❍ Institutions $104.55 (regular, $123.00) Signature______Outside USA? Please add $20.00 to cover postage. Canada residents add 7% GST (#R122058662) Name______Special memberships are also available Organization & Dept.______❍ Sponsor $250 ❍ Patron $500

Address or Bldg. & Mail Code______Please direct inquires and payments for these memberships to: ______NCPH Executive Offices, 425 University Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46202, 317-274-2716. City/State/Country/Zip______Payments to NCPH are not deductible as charitable contributions for federal income tax purposes. However, they may be deductible under Email______other provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. NCPH tax number: 52-1210-174

D28990

NON-PROFIT ORG. U.S. POSTAGE P A I D PERMIT #4245 Public History News Indianapolis, IN

National Council on Public History 327 Cavanaugh Hall-IUPUI 425 University Blvd Indianapolis, IN 46202-5140

ISSN 08912610

Editor: David G. Vanderstel Editorial Assistants: Dana Ward and Doria Durkin