An Economic Impact Study of Arts, Cultural, and Scientific Organizations in King County 2014
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An Economic Impact Study of Arts, Cultural, and Scientific Organizations in King County 2014 2014 AN ECONOMIC IMPACT STUDY OF ARTS, CULTURAL, AND SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS IN KING COUNTY: 2014 PREPARED FOR: P.O Box 19780 | Seattle WA 98109 P (206) 281-9050 | F (206) 494-7415 www.artsfund.org FUNDING SUPPORT BY: PREPARED BY: Dr. William B. Beyers Department of Geography, Box 353550 University of Washington | Seattle, WA 98195 (206) 935-6282 [email protected] & 40 Lake Bellevue, Suite 100 | Bellevue, WA 98005 P (425) 460-8800 | F (425) 460-8799 Released November 18, 2015 KING COUNTY—2014 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � v Expenditures of Patrons � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 28 Economic Impact of Cultural Table of Figures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � vii Organizations and their Patrons � � � � � � � � � 33 Table of Tables �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ix Volunteers in Cultural Organizations � � � � � � 41 Authors’ Acknowledgements � � � � � � � � xiii III� Cultural Organization Patronage Characteristics � � � � � � � � �43 ArtsFund’s Acknowledgements � � � � � � xiv Number of Patrons � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 43 Cultural Organization Performance, Sponsors’ Remarks� � � � � � � � � � � � � � xvi Exhibition, and Attendance Statistics � � � � 48 Executive Summary � � � � � � � � � � � � � xix Patron Trip Reasons � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 49 Aggregate Impact � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �xx Patron Origins � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 49 New Money � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �xx Patron Expenditures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �52 Income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � xxi Patron Group Sizes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 53 Expenditures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � xxi Attendance Frequency � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 54 Employment � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �xxii Willingness to Travel Distance � � � � � � � � � � � 55 Attendance � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � xxiii Patron Information Sources � � � � � � � � � � � � � �57 Patron Spending � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � xxiv Attendance and Spending Change � � � � � � 58 Volunteers � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � xxiv Modes of Engagement by Patrons in Cultural Activities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 62 Values Regarding Cultural Activity � � � � � � xxiv Locations Sought or Wanted Quality of Life Considerations � � � � � � � � � � xxv for Cultural Activities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 63 I. Introduction � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �1 Patron Attitudes Related to Goals and Objectives of this Study � � � � � � � � 1 Quality of Life, Regional Identity, and Residential and Work Locations � � � � � 66 Research Approach � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �2 Student Demographics � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 68 Arts, Cultural, and Scientific Organization Survey � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �3 Patron Demographic Characteristics � � � � � �72 Patron Survey � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �5 IV� Comparisons with Other Studies �� � � � � 77 Economic Impact Model � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �6 National Overviews � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �77 II� Economic Impact of Cultural Earned vs� Contributed Income � � � � � � � � � � 79 Organizations in King County � � � � � � � 7 Income Composition � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 80 Income of King County Organizations � � � � �7 Expenditures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 81 Expenditures of King County Cultural Patron Spending � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 82 Organizations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 18 Economic Impacts � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 83 Employment in King County Cultural Volunteers � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 85 Organizations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �25 KING COUNTY—2014 v Other Patron Data � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 86 Broader Approaches � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 91 Summary Comments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 93 V. Concluding Remarks� � � � � � � � � � � � �95 Possible Areas for Improvement in the Current Research Approach � � � � � � � 95 Possible Bases for Expansion in the Scope of This Study � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 96 References � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 97 Appendix 1: King County Organizations Either Participating In or Included In This Study� � � 99 Appendix 2: Input-Output Model Methodology � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 105 Appendix 3: Survey Form for Arts, Cultural, and Scientific Organizations � � � � 109 Appendix 4: Survey Form for Patrons � � � � 115 Appendix 5: ArtsFund Economic Impact Study Measures Summarized �� � � � � 119 Appendix 6: ArtsFund Board of Trustees and Staff � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 121 Index� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 125 vi AN ECONOMIC IMPACT STUDY OF ARTS, CULTURAL, AND SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS TABLE OF FIGURES Percent of Total Income by Source � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � xxi Aggregate Expenditures of King County Arts, Cultural, and Scientific Organizations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �xxii Employment Status � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � xxiii Percentage Distribution of Attendance by Category � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � xxiii Patron Expenditures by Category � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � xxiv Figure I-1 Number of Cultural Organizations in ArtsFund Economic Impact Studies � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4 Figure II-1 Percentage of Total Income by Discipline � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 10 Figure II-2 Percentage of Total Income by Source � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 10 Figure II-3 Percentage of Total Income by Discipline and Source � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Figure II-4 Historical Shares of Income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �14 Figure II-5 Aggregate Expenditures of King County Cultural Organizations � � � � � � � � � �18 Figure II-6 Historical Employee and Other Expense Shares � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 22 Figure II-7 Employment Status � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 25 Figure II-8 Employment Categories Compared 1992, 1997, 2003, 2009 and 2014 � � � � 27 Figure II-9 Patron Expenditures by Category � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 32 Figure II-10 Aggregate Economic Impacts in Washington State � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 38 Figure II-11 New Money Impacts of King County Cultural Organizations in 2009 and 2014 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 40 Figure III-1 Percentage of Patrons by Discipline � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 46 Figure III-2 Percentage Distribution of Attendance by Category � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 46 Figure III-3 Percentage Distribution of Attendance by Discipline � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 47 Figure III-4 Comparison of Current and Desired Locations for Participation in Cultural Activities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 65 KING COUNTY—2014 vii TABLE OF TABLES Table I-1 Cultural Organizations Included in this Study � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4 Table I-2 King County Cultural Organizations Budget Coverage � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5 Table II-1 Total Income to King County Cultural Organizations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 9 Table II-2 Percentage of Total Income by Discipline and Total� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 9 Table II-3 Percentage Composition of Earned Income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �15 Table II-4 Percentage Composition of Contributed Income by Source � � � � � � � � � � � � � �15 Table II-5 Individual Contributions to King County Cultural Organizations � � � � � � � � � �16 Table II-6 Corporate Contributions to King County Cultural Organizations � � � � � � � � � �16 Table II-7 Private Foundation Contributions to King County Cultural Organizations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �16 Table II-8 In-Kind Contributions to King County Cultural Organizations � � � � � � � � � � � � � 17 Table II-9 Government Income by Source � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 17 Table II-10 Aggregate Expenditures of King County Cultural Organizations � � � � � � � � � �18 Table II-11 Employee and Operating Expenses by Discipline � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �19 Table II-12 Composition of Employee Expenses � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20 Table II-13 Operating Expenses by Broad Category � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �21 Table II-14 Operating Expenses by Detailed Categories � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �