La Expulsión De Los Jesuitas De Filipinas. Santiago Lorenzo García

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La Expulsión De Los Jesuitas De Filipinas. Santiago Lorenzo García La expulsión de los jesuitas de Filipinas. Santiago Lorenzo García Tesis doctoral de la Universidad de Alicante. Tesi doctoral de la Universitat d'Alacant. 1998 La expulsión de los jesuitas de Filipinas. Santiago Lorenzo García UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTORIA MEDIEVAL Y MODERNA "u? Ffr r^J LA EXPULSIÓN DE LOS JESUÍTAS DE FILIPINAS Tesis Doctoral presentada por D. Santiago LORENZO GARCÍA. Dirigida por el Dr. D. Enrique GIMÉNEZ LÓPEZ. Alicante, octubre de 1998. Tesis doctoral de la Universidad de Alicante. Tesi doctoral de la Universitat d'Alacant. 1998 La expulsión de los jesuitas de Filipinas. Santiago Lorenzo García ^£15^ UNIVERSITAT D'ALACANT *' ^ ~ \ UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE MI / DEPARTAMENT D'HISTÓRIA MEDIEVAL I MODERNA ^2§^ DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTORIA MEDIEVAL Y MODERNA Ap. Correus 99 -:- E-03080 ALACANT -:- Telf. 96/5903443 -:• Fax 96/5903443 Enrique Giménez López, Catedrático de Historia Moderna de la Universidad de Alicante, en su condición de director de la Tesis Doctoral "La expulsión de los jesuitas de Filipinas", realizada por D. Santiago Lorenzo García, hace constar que el trabajo presentado reúne las condiciones precisas para efectuar su defensa ante el tribunal que se designe al efecto. ^—A Alicante, 20 de octubre de 1998 Fdo. Enrique Giménez López / Tesis doctoral de la Universidad de Alicante. Tesi doctoral de la Universitat d'Alacant. 1998 La expulsión de los jesuitas de Filipinas. Santiago Lorenzo García Tesis doctoral de la Universidad de Alicante. Tesi doctoral de la Universitat d'Alacant. 1998 La expulsión de los jesuitas de Filipinas. Santiago Lorenzo García AGRADECIMIENTOS. La ayuda generosa y continua ofrecida por todos los miembros del Departamento de Historia Medieval y Moderna de la Universidad de Alicante ha sido fundamental en la realización de este trabajo; sus consejos y sugerencias fueron siempre valiosos para mí. Tengo que agradecer especialmente el asesoramiento prestado al Dr. Enrique Giménez López, quien despertó en mí el interés por la cuestión jesuítica en tiempos de Carlos III y ha sido guía continuo en mis tareas de investigación. Sus siempre sabias orientaciones se hallan en los cimientos de este estudio. Agradezco igualmente la comprensión y ayuda prestada por mis familiares y amigos, que me han apoyado en todo momento. No me olvido de María José, sin cuya ayuda material, aparte de sus ánimos y de las sesiones de ordenador que de forma generosa me ofreció, este trabajo hubiese sido más difícil de elaborar. Tampoco hubiese podido ver la luz este libro sin la inestimable colaboración económica -y también moral- de algunos organismos públicos y entidades privadas, que han demostrado plena confianza en mi labor investigadora. La Generalitat Valenciana tuvo a bien concederme una Beca Predoctoral de Formación de Personal Investigador (Acción de tipo B) entre los años 1994 y 1998. Por su parte la Fundación Caja de Madrid, dentro de su Programa de Becas y ayudas para proyectos de investigación, me hizo beneficiario de una Ayuda doctoral con vigencia desde enero de 1998. Finalmente el Instituto de Cultura "Juan Gil-Albert" (Diputación Provincial de Alicante) me otorgó una Ayuda para la realización de tesis doctorales, dentro de la Convocatoria Ayudas Investigación 1998. Esta obra es deudora de todos ellos. i Tesis doctoral de la Universidad de Alicante. Tesi doctoral de la Universitat d'Alacant. 1998 La expulsión de los jesuitas de Filipinas. Santiago Lorenzo García SIGLAS UTILIZADAS PARA LOS DISTINTOS ARCHIVOS Y BIBLIOTECAS. A.H.N.: Archivo Histórico Nacional de Madrid. A.G.S.: Archivo General de Simancas (Valladolid). A.R.S.I.: Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu (Roma). A.H.S.I.P.T.: Archivo Histórico de la Provincia de Toledo de la Compañía de Jesús (Alcalá de Henares). A.H.L.: Archivo Histórico de Loyola. A.G.I.: Archivo General de Indias de Sevilla. B.N.: Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid. NOTA: En las citas de obras ya editadas las grafías impresas han sido siempre conservadas tal cual. En cambio, en los textos extraídos de documentación de la época o de volúmenes manuscritos no publicados se ha optado por modificar la ortografía, adaptándola a las actuales reglas de uso. 2 Tesis doctoral de la Universidad de Alicante. Tesi doctoral de la Universitat d'Alacant. 1998 La expulsión de los jesuitas de Filipinas. Santiago Lorenzo García ÍNDICE. - I. INTRODUCCIÓN (pp. 9-26). - Un preámbulo histórico: la expulsión de los jesuitas de la España peninsular (pp. 10-20). - Objetivos, justificación, metodología y partes del trabajo (pp. 20-26). - n. LA COMPAÑÍA DE JESÚS EN FILIPINAS: 1581-1760 (pp. 27- 63). - Algunas precisiones previas (pp. 28-29). - La organización de la Iglesia filipina en los primeros tiempos (pp. 29- 31). - El poder del clero regular: protagonista en la colonización de Filipinas (pp. 31-36). - Primeros pasos de los jesuitas en el archipiélago: el último cuarto del XVI (pp. 36-44). - Los inicios del XVII: nacimiento y extensión de la provincia jesuítica de Filipinas (pp. 44-52). - Segunda mitad del XVII: pleitos con dominicos y la Misión de las islas Marianas (pp. 52-57). - Nuevas agitaciones en el setecientos: preludio de la expulsión de los padres filipinos (pp. 57-63). - III. LAS OPERACIONES DE EXTRAÑAMIENTO DE LOS JESUÍTAS FILIPINOS (1768-1771) (pp. 64-142). - La Compañía de Jesús en las Filipinas de 1768 (pp. 65-72). 3 Tesis doctoral de la Universidad de Alicante. Tesi doctoral de la Universitat d'Alacant. 1998 La expulsión de los jesuitas de Filipinas. Santiago Lorenzo García - El Real Decreto de expulsión en Manila. Primeras actuaciones de las autoridades políticas (pp. 72-78). - La odisea del San Carlos: un primer intento fallido de expulsión. Sus consecuencias (pp. 78-88). - Las operaciones con los jesuítas de las islas Bisayas (88-91). - 1769: los preparativos definitivos de expatriación (92-97). - El viaje del San Carlos hasta Méjico. 21 jesuítas arriban al Puerto de Santa María (97-111). - La Venus y la Santa Rosa siguen la ruta de El Cabo de Buena Esperanza: 68 padres filipinos hacia Cádiz (pp. 111-122). - De Cádiz a tierras italianas: los regulares filipinos en La Spezia (pp. 122-125). - El gobernador Anda expulsa a los últimos jesuítas de Filipinas: los ocho de la fragata Astrea (125-134). - El Breve "Dominus ac Redemptor" de Clemente XIV: la extinción de la Compañía de Jesús en Filipinas (134-142). - IV. CONSECUENCIAS DE LA EXPULSIÓN EN FILIPINAS. - IV. 1. EN LA POLÍTICA. CONVULSIONES EN EL GOBIERNO DE MANILA: DISPUTAS POLÍTICAS SOBRE EL TRASFONDO DEL EXTRAÑAMIENTO (pp. 143-189). - La expulsión de la Compañía de Jesús de España: una cuestión política (pp. 144-147). - El marco político en Filipinas durante la Edad Moderna (pp. 147-157). - El gobernador José Raón y el extrañaniento de los jesuítas filipinos (pp. 157-158). - Brecha abierta en la política filipina: el gobierno de Manila procesado 4 Tesis doctoral de la Universidad de Alicante. Tesi doctoral de la Universitat d'Alacant. 1998 La expulsión de los jesuitas de Filipinas. Santiago Lorenzo García por Simón de Anda (pp. 159-161). - El oidor Blas de Basaraz, comisionado para la expulsión de la Compañía de Jesús, detenido (pp. 161-169). - Raón y su secretario Cossío acusados de actuar con negligencia en el negocio de los jesuítas (pp. 169-174). - ¿Conspiración contra el Arzobispo y el oidor Galbán o purga política de Anda?, (pp. 174-180) - El Consejo Extraordinario dictamina: el buen gobierno de Anda puesto en duda (pp. 180-189). - IV. 2. EN LA ECONOMÍA. MÁS DIFICULTADES QUE BENEFICIOS: LA OCUPACIÓN DE LAS TEMPORALIDADES EN FILIPINAS (pp. 190-247). - Las temporalidades de la Compañía de Jesús en la historiografía (pp. 191-192). - El gobierno de Carlos III ante las temporalidades (pp. 193-202). - Las "riquezas" de Indias (pp. 202-206). - La ocupación de las temporalidades de los jesuítas filipinos: una rentabilidad limitada (pp. 206-215). - Una característica en Filipinas: la desorganización en la comisión de temporalidades (pp. 215-216). - Mayo de 1768-junio de 1769: los titubeantes comienzos del comisionado Galbán (pp. 216-218). - Junio de 1769-julio de 1770: venta y arrendamiento de los primeros bienes por el comisionado Basaraz (pp. 218-229). - 1770. Llegada del gobernador Anda y desaparición de la comisión de temporalidades; continúa el desconcierto (pp. 229-230). - 1772-1774. La comisión de Juan Francisco Anda: un cambio de rumbo 5 Tesis doctoral de la Universidad de Alicante. Tesi doctoral de la Universitat d'Alacant. 1998 La expulsión de los jesuitas de Filipinas. Santiago Lorenzo García hacia el orden (pp. 230-237). - 1775. El Real Acuerdo de Manila frente a los "tesoros" jesuítas: las Juntas de Temporalidades (pp. 237-242). - 1778: el gobernador Basco y Vargas y el saneamiento de las cuentas de temporalidades (pp. 242-245). - Los años noventa: los gobernadores Berenguer y Aguilar y las últimas ventas de bienes de la Compañía (pp. 245-247). - IV. 3. EN LO RELIGIOSO (pp. 248-287). - El triunfo de las ideas regalistas y antijesuitas del Arzobispo de Manila Basilio Sancho (pp. 249-263). - Las secularizaciones en Filipinas. Dos caras de una misma moneda: - 1) La inquebrantable vocación del novicio Antonio Palomera (pp. 263-274). - 2) Las dimisorias del P. Juan Francisco Romero, Procurador General de los jesuítas filipinos (pp. 274-287). - V. 1859. EPÍLOGO: LA COMPAÑÍA DE JESÚS OTRA VEZ EN MANILA (pp. 288-308). - 1814-1815: la Compañía de Jesús restaurada (pp. 289-294). - 1820-1856: vaivenes políticos en España; los jesuítas a la expectativa y su retorno a Manila (pp. 294-300). - 1859: el viaje a Filipinas por fin una realidad (pp. 300-305). - Primeros pasos en Manila: vuelta a la docencia (pp. 305-306). - 1862. Objetivo esencial cumplido: fundación de nuevas Misiones en Mindanao (pp. 306-308). 6 Tesis doctoral de la Universidad de Alicante. Tesi doctoral de la Universitat d'Alacant.
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