An Architecture of 3 Days by Sarah Mcintosh a Thesis Submitted to The

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

An Architecture of 3 Days by Sarah Mcintosh a Thesis Submitted to The An Architecture of 3 Days By Sarah McIntosh A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture Azrieli School of Architecture & Urbanism Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2018 Sarah McIntosh Inuit societies in Canada’s arctic are known for their adaptability and resiliency. However, the Inuit experience of colonization and non- indigenous contact has contributed to a profound disruption of culture, language, and living, with catastrophic consequences for mental health and well-being. This thesis reflects on how architecture/design can respond to the complex issues of mental health currently affecting Inuit societies in Canada, using the flux of ever-changing terrains and landscapes as both context and intervention. In doing this, a series of proposed outposts mark the line of an annual suicide prevention walk, hosted by Qikiqtarjuaq in an attempt to bring recognition and attention to the purpose of the walk and to provide shelter and services to travelers who partake. Working together, the outposts speak to the importance of experience, culture, process, and healing within a landscape of utmost significance. i To Ozayr for being a constant support and library of knowledge. To Robert for introducing me to this topic and for furthering my interest in pursuing work in the North. To everyone who has contributed, inspired, or supported me throughout not only this thesis, but through my entire architecture career. Thank You ii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ............................................................................. iv LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................... v 1.0| A (COMPRESSED) HISTORY ............................................................ 1 1.1| Taissumani Nunamiutautilluta.................................................... 2 1.2| Sangussaqtauliqtilluta ................................................................ 4 1.3| Nunalinnguqtitauliqtilluta ........................................................... 6 2.0| A CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE OF MENTAL HEALTH ........................... 9 2.1| Crisis: Suicide and the Inuit ....................................................... 11 3.0| SITE AND PLACE ............................................................................ 15 3.1| The Big Island ............................................................................ 17 3.2| DEW Line ................................................................................... 20 3.3| 3 Days ........................................................................................ 24 3.4| A Subtle Landscape ................................................................... 28 4.0| SEA ICE .......................................................................................... 33 4.1| Healing Ice ................................................................................. 33 4.2| A Short Story on Ice Printing ..................................................... 36 5.0| NEW LINE ...................................................................................... 43 5.1| The Land .................................................................................... 47 5.2| The Sea ...................................................................................... 50 5.3| The Intermediate ...................................................................... 53 6.0| POST SCRIPT ................................................................................. 57 APPENDIX A| GLOSSARY OF INUKTITUT TERMS ....................................... 59 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 61 iii FIGURE 1| Igloos or Snow Village at Oopungnewing ................................... 3 FIGURE 2| Captain McClintock’s First Interview with the Eskimo at Cape Victoria, 1859 .............................................................................................. 3 FIGURE 3| First Communication with the Natives of Prince Regents Bay, 1819 ............................................................................................................ 3 FIGURE 4| DEW Line Communications Antenna, Hall Lake, 1960 ............... 5 FIGURE 5| Inuit DEW Line Temporary Employee, Komakuk Beach, 1962 ... 5 FIGURE 6| Inuit and RCMP Officer, Broughton Island, 1979 ....................... 7 FIGURE 7| Anglican Church on Broughton Island ........................................ 7 FIGURE 8| Traces of Melting Ice ................................................................ 10 FIGURE 9| Suicide Rates in Canada ........................................................... 12 FIGURE 10| Broken Home by Abigail Ootoova .......................................... 14 FIGURE 11| Family Violence Unstopped by Janet Ripley-Armstrong ........ 14 FIGURE 12| Nunavut Suicide Rates Map ................................................... 16 FIGURE 13| Hamlet of Qikiqtarjuaq .......................................................... 17 FIGURE 14| Qikiqtarjuaq Region History and Timeline ............................. 18 FIGURE 15| ‘Big Island’ Section ................................................................. 19 FIGURE 16| Map of Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line ............................. 20 FIGURE 17| The First Early Warning System (DEW) .................................. 21 FIGURE 18| North Warning Site (NWS), FOX-5 ......................................... 21 FIGURE 19| Qikiqtarjuaq DEW Line Sites Map .......................................... 22 FIGURE 20| Suicide Prevention Walkers ................................................... 24 FIGURE 21| Traditional Inuit Travel Routes ............................................... 25 FIGURE 22| Journey Along the Walk ......................................................... 27 FIGURE 23| Qikiqtarjuaq Region Experimental Mapping .......................... 29 FIGURE 24| Carved Landscape .................................................................. 31 FIGURE 25| Carved Landscape .................................................................. 32 FIGURE 26| Monthly Regional Ice Charts .................................................. 35 FIGURE 27| Ice Prints ................................................................................ 36 FIGURE 28| Story of the Ice Prints ............................................................. 38 FIGURE 29| Melting Ice ............................................................................. 40 FIGURE 30| Melting Ice Projection ............................................................ 42 FIGURE 31| Overall Path- Plan .................................................................. 45 FIGURE 32| Land Station Sketches ............................................................ 47 FIGURE 33| Land Station Perspective ........................................................ 49 FIGURE 34| Sea Station Sketches .............................................................. 50 FIGURE 35| Sea Station Perspective .......................................................... 52 FIGURE 36| Intermediate Station Sketches ............................................... 53 FIGURE 37| Intermediate Station Perspective .......................................... 55 FIGURE 38| Outpost Drawings Process ..................................................... 56 iv APPENDIX A………………………………………………………………………………………….59 GLOSSARY OF INUKTITUT WORDS………………………………………………59 v The Canadian North is a landscape of extremes. Differences and variability in climate, light, accessibility, socio-economic and cultural transformations are extensive. Yet it is always easy to ascribe generalities to the North since it is so vast, so remote in our awareness and perceived geographies, and so sparsely populated. It is in part because of this vastness and these extremes in context, climate, history and awareness that it is impossible to be more nuancedly understood under singular histories and definitions. For the purposes of providing a “general” history, this thesis will specifically focus on the Canadian territory of Nunavut and the Inuit people who live there. The Inuit experience of colonization and contact with Europeans in Canadian history is recent and still present. Many now adult Inuit grew up living on the land year-round but live today in settled communities. Traditionally, Inuit communities lived a nomadic lifestyle, often closely linked to the migration patterns of their food sources.1 This history is understood and known by Inuit through three particular lenses; Taissumani Nunamiutautilluta, Sangussaqtauliqtilluta, and Nunalinnguqtitauliqtilluta.2 The story of each community is unique, however they share many common elements. Below are the three lenses as they apply to the Qikiqtarjuaq region of Baffin Island, the focus area for this thesis. 1 Nunavut Tunngavik Inc, “Cultural Heritage and Interpretive Materials Study”, (Content Works, 2011), 7. 2 Qikiqtani Inuit Association, “Guide to The Community Histories and Special Studies of The Qikiqtani Truth Commission”, (Inhabit Media Inc., 2015), 20. 1 1.1| Taissumani Nunamiutautilluta: “when we lived
Recommended publications
  • Cosmology and Shamanism and Shamanism INTERVIEWING INUIT ELDERS
    6507.3 Eng Cover w/spine/bleed 5/1/06 9:23 AM Page 1 INTERVIEWINGCosmology INUIT ELDERS and Shamanism Cosmology and Shamanism INTERVIEWING INUIT ELDERS Mariano and Tulimaaq Aupilaarjuk, Lucassie Nutaraaluk, Rose Iqallijuq, Johanasi Ujarak, Isidore Ijituuq and Michel Kupaaq 4 Edited by Bernard Saladin d’Anglure 6507.5_Fre 5/1/06 9:11 AM Page 239 6507.3 English Vol.4 5/1/06 9:21 AM Page 1 INTERVIEWING INUIT ELDERS Volume 4 Cosmology and Shamanism Mariano and Tulimaaq Aupilaarjuk, Lucassie Nutaraaluk, Rose Iqallijuq, Johanasi Ujarak, Isidore Ijituuq and Michel Kupaaq Edited by Bernard Saladin d’Anglure 6507.3 English Vol.4 5/1/06 9:21 AM Page 2 Interviewing Inuit Elders Volume 4 Cosmology and Shamanism Copyright © 2001 Nunavut Arctic College, Mariano and Tulimaaq Aupilaarjuk, Bernard Saladin d’Anglure and participating students Susan Enuaraq, Aaju Peter, Bernice Kootoo, Nancy Kisa, Julia Saimayuq, Jeannie Shaimayuk, Mathieu Boki, Kim Kangok, Vera Arnatsiaq, Myna Ishulutak, and Johnny Kopak. Photos courtesy Bernard Saladin d’Anglure; Frédéric Laugrand; Alexina Kublu; Mystic Seaport Museum. Louise Ujarak; John MacDonald; Bryan Alexander. Illustrations courtesy Terry Ryan in Blodgett, ed. “North Baffin Drawings,” Art Gallery of Ontario; 1923 photo of Urulu, Fifth Thule Expedition. Cover illustration “Man and Animals” by Lydia Jaypoody. Design and production by Nortext (Iqaluit). All rights reserved. The use of any part of this publication, reproduced, transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, or stored in a retrieval system, without written consent of the publisher is an infringement of the copyright law. ISBN 1-896-204-384 Published by the Language and Culture Program of Nunavut Arctic College, Iqaluit, Nunavut with the generous support of the Pairijait Tigummivik Elders Society.
    [Show full text]
  • Documenting Inuit Knowledge of Coastal Oceanography in Nunatsiavut
    Respecting ontology: Documenting Inuit knowledge of coastal oceanography in Nunatsiavut By Breanna Bishop Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Marine Management at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia December 2019 © Breanna Bishop, 2019 Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures ............................................................................................................ iv Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ v Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ vi Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Management Problem ...................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.1 Research aim and objectives ........................................................................................................................ 5 Chapter 2: Context ....................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Oceanographic context for Nunatsiavut ......................................................................................... 7 2.3 Inuit knowledge in Nunatsiavut decision making .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Phasages Et Déphasages. Représentations Du Temps Chez Les
    Document generated on 09/29/2021 7:47 p.m. Globe Revue internationale d’études québécoises Phasages et déphasages. Représentations du temps chez les Inuits de l’Arctique oriental canadien Representations of Time Among the Inuit of the Eastern Canadian Arctic Guy Bordin Les modernités amérindiennes et inuite Article abstract Volume 8, Number 1, 2005 Time sense and timekeeping among the Inuit of the eastern Canadian Arctic have been deeply shaken by the major changes (the advent of Christianity, the URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1000897ar adoption of a sedentary lifestyle, the establishment of schools, etc.) that have DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1000897ar taken place during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. These upheavals have created tensions between the traditional practices regarding time and the See table of contents numerous constraints imposed by new circumstances. After discussing the Inuit methods for describing and dividing time before the establishment of contact with Whites, as well as the introduction of the Gregorian calendar and technical methods for measuring time, the author shows that the forced Publisher(s) cohabitation, or perhaps collision, of these two modes of temporality has Globe, Revue internationale d’études québécoises produced a hybrid system of timekeeping that must satisfy the demands of the moment to the extent possible, while maintaining an association with cultural practices transmitted from generation to generation. In this co-existence of ISSN times, individual and social methods of functioning are established that evolve 1481-5869 (print) along a continuum. A morpho-semantic analysis of relevant terms is also 1923-8231 (digital) conducted in order to reveal the literal meaning that alone can provide access to the underlying semantic structure.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeological Excavation
    An Instructor’s Guide to Archaeological Excavation in Nunavut Acknowledgments Writing by: Brendan Griebel and Tim Rast Design and layout by: Brendan Griebel Project management by: Torsten Diesel, Inuit Heritage Trust The Inuit Heritage Trust would like to extend its thanks to the following individuals and organizations for their contributions to the Nunavut Archaeology Excavation kit: • GN department of Culture and Heritage • Inuksuk High school © 2015 Inuit Heritage Trust Introduction 1-2 Archaeology: Uncovering the Past 3-4 Archaeology and Excavation 5-6 Setting up the Excavation Kit 7-9 Archaeology Kit Inventory Sheet 10 The Tools of Archaeology 11-12 Preparing the Excavation Kit 13 Excavation Layer 4 14 Excavation Layer 3 15-18 Excavation Layer 2 19-22 Excavation Layer 1 23-24 Excavation an Archaeology Unit 25-29 Interpreting Your Finds 30 Summary and Discussion 31 Making a Ground Slate Ulu 32-37 Introduction and anthropology studies after their high school Presenting the Inuit Heritage graduation. In putting together this archaeology kit, Trust archaeology kit the Inuit Heritage Trust seeks to bring the thrill and discovery of archaeological excavation to anyone who Many Nunavummiut are interested in the history wishes to learn more about Nunavut’s history. of Inuit culture and traditions. They enjoy seeing old sites on the land and listening to the stories elders tell about the past. Few people in Who is this archaeology kit Nunavut, however, know much about archaeology for? as a profession that is specifically dedicated to investigating the human past. This archaeology kit is designed to help Nunavummiut learn more The Inuit Heritage Trust archaeology kit can about what archaeology is, how it is done, and be applied in many different contexts.
    [Show full text]
  • Using GPS Mapping Software to Plot Place Names and Trails in Igloolik (Nunavut) CLAUDIO APORTA1
    ARCTIC VOL. 56, NO. 4 (DECEMBER 2003) P. 321–327 New Ways of Mapping: Using GPS Mapping Software to Plot Place Names and Trails in Igloolik (Nunavut) CLAUDIO APORTA1 (Received 11 July 2001; accepted in revised form 10 February 2003) ABSTRACT. The combined use of a GPS receiver and mapping software proved to be a straightforward, flexible, and inexpensive way of mapping and displaying (in digital or paper format) 400 place names and 37 trails used by Inuit of Igloolik, in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. The geographic coordinates of some of the places named had been collected in a previous toponymy project. Experienced hunters suggested the names of additional places, and these coordinates were added on location, using a GPS receiver. The database of place names thus created is now available to the community at the Igloolik Research Centre. The trails (most of them traditional, well-traveled routes used in Igloolik for generations) were mainly mapped while traveling, using the track function of a portable GPS unit. Other trails were drawn by experienced hunters, either on paper maps or electronically using Fugawi mapping software. The methods employed in this project are easy to use, making them helpful to local communities involved in toponymy and other mapping projects. The geographic data obtained with this method can be exported easily into text files for use with GIS software if further manipulation and analysis of the data are required. Key words: Inuit place names, Inuit trails, mapping, Geographic Information System, GIS, Global Positioning System, GPS, Igloolik, toponymy RÉSUMÉ. L’utilisation combinée d’un récepteur GPS et d’un logiciel de cartographie s’est révélée être une façon directe, souple et peu coûteuse de cartographier et de présenter (sous forme numérique ou imprimée) 400 lieux-dits et 37 pistes utilisés par les Inuits d’Igloolik, dans l’est de l’Arctique canadien.
    [Show full text]
  • From Apology to Action
    ᒪᒥᐊᕝᕕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕆᐊᕈᑕᐅᑲᐅᑎᒋᔪᑦ FROM APOLOGY TO ACTION ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ QIKIQTANI TRUTH COMMISSION ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ QIKIQTANI ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ INUIT ASSOCIATION ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᖅᑎᐅᓐᖏᖦᖢᑎᒃ The Qikiqtani Inuit Association (QIA) is a not-for-profit ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖑᔪᑦ, ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᐃᓪᓗᑎᒃ 15,500ᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᖕᓂᒃ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᖕᒥ society, which represents approximately 15,500 Inuit in the ᓄᓇᕘᒥ. ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᒃ 13ᓂ ᓄᓇᓕᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᕐᒥᑦ, ᖁᑦᑎᒃᑐᒥᑦ, Qikiqtani region of Nunavut. The Qikiqtani region includes ᑕᐅᓄᖓ ᓴᓂᑭᓗᐊᕐᒧᑦ, ᖁᓪᓕᒃᓴᔭᕐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᒥ. 13 communities from Grise Fiord, in the High Arctic, down to Sanikiluaq, on the Belcher Islands. ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᑕᐅᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ, ᐊᑐᖅᑎᑦᑎᒋᐊᒃᑲᓂᕐᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᓯᕗᒧᐊᑦᑎᑦᑎᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕᓗ QIA was established to protect, promote and advance the ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᕚᓪᓕᕈᑎᔅᓴᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ. rights and benefits of Qikiqtani Inuit. It is a Designated Inuit ᑎᒃᑯᐊᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᑎᒥᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᐊᒍᑦ. Organization under the Nunavut Agreement. QIA is one of ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓃᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᖃᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᓐᓄᑦ three Regional Inuit Associations affiliated with Nunavut ᐊᒃᑐᐊᖓᔪᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᒃᑯᓐᓂᑦ; ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖑᔪᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ Tunngavik Inc.; the other associations include the Kitikmeot ᕿᑎᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑭᕙᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ. Inuit Association and the Kivalliq Inuit Association. We work ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖃᑎᖃᑦᑎᐊᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒋᕙᑦᑕᑎᓐᓂᒃ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ closely with our partners, such as Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami and ᑕᐱᕇᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᐅᓄᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ, the Inuit Circumpolar Council Canada, as well as different ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐊᓪᓚᕝᕕᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑦ, ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᐃᓪᓗᑕ levels of government, to represent Inuit in the Inuit Nunangat. ᐃᓄᓐᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓐᓂ. Two other organizations operate under the QIA umbrella: ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᑎᒥᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᔫᒃ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓃᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ: ᑲᑭᕙᒃ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ, Kakivak Association, responsible for community economic ᐱᓕᕆᐊᒃᓴᖃᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒥᑭᔪᓂᒃ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ; development and small businesses; and Qikiqtaaluk ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᒃ ᑯᐊᐳᕇᓴᒃᑯᑦ, ᐱᓐᖑᖅᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕ Corporation, created to manage economic development ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᑎᑦᑎᓕᕆᔨᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓃᒃᑯᓐᓂ. on behalf of QIA.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Heritage Resources Report
    NTI IIBA for Phase I Draft: Conservation Cultural Heritage Areas Resources Report Cultural Heritage Area: Akpait and and Interpretative Qaqulluit National Wildlife Materials Study Areas Prepared for Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. 1 May 2011 This report is part of a set of studies and a database produced for Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. as part of the project: NTI IIBA for Conservation Areas, Cultural Resources Inventory and Interpretative Materials Study Inquiries concerning this project and the report should be addressed to: David Kunuk Director of Implementation Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. 3rd Floor, Igluvut Bldg. P.O. Box 638 Iqaluit, Nunavut X0A 0H0 E: [email protected] T: (867) 975‐4900 Project Manager, Consulting Team: Julie Harris Contentworks Inc. 137 Second Avenue, Suite 1 Ottawa, ON K1S 2H4 Tel: (613) 730‐4059 Email: [email protected] Report Authors: Philip Goldring, Consultant: Historian and Heritage/Place Names Specialist Julie Harris, Contentworks Inc.: Heritage Specialist and Historian Nicole Brandon, Consultant: Archaeologist Note on Place Names: The current official names of places are used here except in direct quotations from historical documents. Throughout the document “Qikiqtarjuaq” refers to the settlement established in the 1950s and previously known as Broughton Island. Except when used in a direct quotation, the term “Broughton Island” in the report refers to the geographic feature (the island) on which the community of Qikiqtarjuaq is located. Names of places that do not have official names will appear as they are found in
    [Show full text]
  • "Inuksuk: Icon of the Inuit of Nunavut"
    Article "Inuksuk: Icon of the Inuit of Nunavut" Nelson Graburn Études/Inuit/Studies, vol. 28, n° 1, 2004, p. 69-82. Pour citer cet article, utiliser l'information suivante : URI: http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/012640ar DOI: 10.7202/012640ar Note : les règles d'écriture des références bibliographiques peuvent varier selon les différents domaines du savoir. Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter à l'URI https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l'Université de Montréal, l'Université Laval et l'Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. Érudit offre des services d'édition numérique de documents scientifiques depuis 1998. Pour communiquer avec les responsables d'Érudit : [email protected] Document téléchargé le 9 février 2017 07:10 Inuksuk: Icon of the Inuit of Nunavut Nelson Graburn* Résumé: L’inuksuk: icône des Inuit du Nunavut Les Inuit de l’Arctique canadien ont longtemps été connus par le biais des rapports écrits par les explorateurs, les baleiniers, les commerçants, ainsi que les missionnaires. Célèbres pour leurs igloos, traîneaux à chiens, kayaks et vêtements de peau, ils sont devenus les principaux «durs» de l’Arctique américain comme l’a montré le film «Nanook of the North». Maintenant qu’ils apparaissent sur la scène mondiale dotés de leurs moyens propres, leur singularité allégorique est aujourd’hui menacée.
    [Show full text]
  • Caribou and Iglulik Inuit Kayaks
    ARCTIC VOL. 47, NO. 2 (JUNE 1994) P. 193-195 Caribou and Iglulik Inuit Kayaks A century ago the Tyrrell brothers descended the Kuu the capsize victim exits his kayak and is towed hanging on (“The River” in Inuktitut, or Thelon River). As they neared around the base of the upturned stern horn of the rescue Qamani’tuaq (“The Big Broad,” or Baker Lake), elegant kayak. The overturned craft is retrieved by righting it and slender kayaks appeared and easily outpaced their voyageur-towing it with the stem horn tucked underarm. one The horns driven canoes. Evidence of kayaks in the form of broken also help secure the cross poles tied on at their bases when willow ribs discarded during bending hadalready been seen forming a catamaran. With the poles spaced well apart, well inland on Avaaliqquq (“Far Off,” orDubawnt River). normal synchronized paddling can be done. A couple of The Tyrrells were in the country of the Caribou Eskimos spoon-shaped red ornaments might be hung from the bow (so labelled by the Danish Fifth Thule Expedition, of horn tip to swing there gaily as kuviahunnihautik (“for the 1921-24), who actually comprised several distinct named joy”). After all, to kayak swiftly is elating - a high point groups. The two northern ones who lived largely inland by in the arctic summer. the later 19th centuryare called Ha’vaqtuurmiut (“Whirlpools The characteristic end horn configuration is useful, too, Aplenty People”) and Qairnirmiut (”BedrockPeople”). Their as an indicatorof possible historical connections. The jogged- kayaks were especially sleek and well made, with striking up stem is foundon prehistoric models carved of thickbark long, thin horns at theends.
    [Show full text]
  • Polar Bear Hunting: Three Areas \Vere Most Important for Hunting Was Less Mtensive South of Shaftesbury Inlet, Where Polar Bear
    1Ire8, whenever seen, most often when people • SlImmary: In compan on with othcr Kcc\\attn settlements. ibou or trappmg. the people of Chesterfield use a rclati\"cl) small arca of land. ÏlItt11iDl Hunting. 80th ringed and bearded seals Chesterfield is a small c1osc-knit seulement. and evcryone year rooud. In sommer people hunt along shares the land and game of the area. There is usually JnIet toParther Hope Point including Barbour suffieient supply of game nearby without their having to e coast from Whale Cove to Karmarvik Harbour, travel very far. Many people are also wage carners and are omiles mland. For mueh of the year people hunt Iimited to day and weekend hunting trips, exeept for holiday' 'h . d 1 oe èdge, which is usually three or four miles out ln t e spnng an summer. ement; however, the distance varies along The area most important to the people of Chesterfield is !'the pnncipal seal hunting season is spring, w en the mouth of the inlet. north along the coast from Cape the ice. At this time, too, young seals are hunted Silumiut to Daly Bay: and ülland to nearby caribou hunting lairs. The area from Baker Foreland to Bern­ and fishmg areas. ThiS rcglOn 15 nch ln gamc. and il COI1­ and along Chesterfield Inlet to Big Island is weil stitutes the traditional hunting ground for 1110st of the :Cape Silumiut area is extremely popular for week­ Chesterfield people. Il does not overlap with land cOJnmonly trips, and people often hunt atthe floe edge near used by any other seUlement, although people from Rankin t.
    [Show full text]
  • Nunavut, a Creation Story. the Inuit Movement in Canada's Newest Territory
    Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE August 2019 Nunavut, A Creation Story. The Inuit Movement in Canada's Newest Territory Holly Ann Dobbins Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Dobbins, Holly Ann, "Nunavut, A Creation Story. The Inuit Movement in Canada's Newest Territory" (2019). Dissertations - ALL. 1097. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/1097 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract This is a qualitative study of the 30-year land claim negotiation process (1963-1993) through which the Inuit of Nunavut transformed themselves from being a marginalized population with few recognized rights in Canada to becoming the overwhelmingly dominant voice in a territorial government, with strong rights over their own lands and waters. In this study I view this negotiation process and all of the activities that supported it as part of a larger Inuit Movement and argue that it meets the criteria for a social movement. This study bridges several social sciences disciplines, including newly emerging areas of study in social movements, conflict resolution, and Indigenous studies, and offers important lessons about the conditions for a successful mobilization for Indigenous rights in other states. In this research I examine the extent to which Inuit values and worldviews directly informed movement emergence and continuity, leadership development and, to some extent, negotiation strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • Polar Bear • Ulu Knife • Seal • Snowshoes • Igloo South / Summer
    North / Winter: South / Summer: • Polar Bear • Canoe • Ulu Knife • Berry Bushes • Seal • Long House • Snowshoes • Beaver • Igloo • Lacrosse East / Spring: West / Fall: • Tepee • Totem Poll • Fiddle • Red River Cart • Maple Syrup • Kayak • Bison • Inuksuk • Drum • Sweat Lodge http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/arc/lr/ks/index-eng.asp Quiz Questions Level 1 1. What “sweet treat” found on many breakfast tables was first tapped by First Nations, such as the Algonquin, in Eastern Canada? 2. What special footwear help you to walk, hunt and work during the winter? 3. What type of boat was built by many First Nations to travel down rivers and lakes? 4. What tall, decorated pole are carved by First Nations, such as the Gitxsan, to tell stories and legends? 5. What one-person boat is used by Inuit hunters and fishermen? Level 2 1. What traditional building was once called home by the Iroquois? 2. What large, white animal is known as “Nanuk” by Inuit? 3. What type of house is made from snow, but is very warm inside? 4. What flat-tailed, hardworking animal was a big part of the Fur Trade? 5. What triangle-shaped home is made from animal skins and can be easily moved? Level 3 1. What animal is used by Inuit for food and summer shelter? 2. What important building is used by many First Nations for cleansing ceremonies? 3. What animal was a source of food, clothing and tools to Plains Cree and Métis? 4. What type of knife is used by Inuit women to cut meat and make clothing? 5.
    [Show full text]