THE NORTHERN SECTION. 37
states f West Virginia ranks liitfli in the production of coal, INDIANA What and waters border Indiana What river
crosses it ' Name and locate the capital. What city is in the south- petroleum, natural gas, and salt. There are fertile '. west ; in the west ; in the northeast farms in the western lowland valleys. Indiana is noted, not only for its agricnltui'al prod- Whefliiiij, ill the coal and gas region, manufactures ucts, but also for meat packing, and the manufacture iron aud steel, and glass. of flour, lumber, iron, cars, ma('hinery, and litjuors. TOPICS ON THE MIDDLE STATES. liidiatiiipolis is a great railroad center. Eraiisville I. States. Characteristic products and iDdustries of each state and Tn-re Uaidf are in tlui coal region. Fort Mai/ne, II. Cities. Characteristics of one or more of the leading cities in cars, ea<*ti state. near the lumber region, manufactures wagons, and agricultural implements. The six states of the Northern Section between the
ILLINOIS. What states and waters border Illinois ! What three A])palacliian Mountains and the Mississippi River lie rivers traverse the state i Name, and locate the capital. What threat partly or wholly in the Ohio and St. Lawrence basins. city is on Lake Michi^n I What city is on the Illinois north of the
They are sometimes called the East Central States. capital f What city is on the Mississippi west of the capital '. In the uortii, east, and south of this grcmp there are Illinois is often called the Prairie State, and is one extensive forests; but the central part is mostly an of the greatest food-producing states in the Union. open prairie, which is the very heart of the food-pro- It ranks third in population and manufactures. It ducing region of our country. mines much coal. Chicago, the largest city on the continent, after New OHIO. What states and waters border Ohio? What river flows into Lake Erie ; into the Ohio I Name and locate the capital. Name York, is the greatest railroad center and meat and two cities in the southwest ; two on I^ake Erie. grain market in the world. It has immense stock Ohio ranks high in agriculture, manufacturing, yards, meat-packing establishments, and grain eleva- and wool-growing. Besides the great food in'oducts, tors, and many clothing factories. The city is near the there is a large yield of tobacco, fruit, and dairy coal fields of the state, and iron ore and lumber are products. There is an abundance of coal, petroleum, brought here by lake to be manufactured. The Uni- and natural gas ; and iron ore is cheaply obtained versity of Chicago is KENTUCKY. Name the states, waters, and mountain range that liorder Keiitiu'ky. What four rivers flow through the state f Name and locate the capital. What city is west of Frankfort I What city is north of Frankfort ? Kentucky produces about one third of the to- I)acco grown in this countr}-, besides much corn. Wheat, hay, and hemp are also important prod- ucts. The i)rincipal manufactures are liquors, llour, lumber, tobacco, machinery, and iron and steel. It is noted for its " blue-grass " pastures and its fine live stock. Mammoth Cave, on Green River, is the largest cavern known. Louisville, at the falls of the (^hio, is a great Stock yards in Chicago. market and manufacturing center for tobacco. It also manufactures distilled litjuors, machinery, very active commercial and manufacturing cities. Covini/ton Cleveland manufactures iron and steel, machinerv, flour, packed meat, and clothing. and clothing, packed meat, kerosene, and .ships; and Cin- Newport are on the Ohio River opposite Cincinnati. cinnati, clothing, ma<-hincry, liijuors, packed meat, These cities manufacture tobacco, machinery, iron shoes, and tobacco. Tohilo is an important lake port. and steel, and beer. Lerini/ton is an important (Jolumbus and iMijton manufacture machinei'v. stock-raising center in the blue-grass region. r-^^/ X.. ^^u:|,-lUL^x-^ u . GEOGRAPHY OF KENTUCKY. land was very fertile, and the rich soil brought forth HISTORY. abundant crops. Indians once roamed over the land now known as The people found that there were many things Kentucky. They did not live here, but this was needed in common. Rrotection from the Indians, their hunting ground, to which they came every good roads, to connect these widely separated settle- year for wild game. When white men began to ments, bridges across the large streams, laws to settle it, the Indians were determined not to give it punish people who did wrong, and officers to attend up. The settlers, who came mostly from Pennsyl- to these and other affairs of connnon interest that vania, Virginia, and North Carolina, had never before would benefit all alike. No one settlement could seen such an abundance of game nor a more beau- afford to have all these things ; so, as the older tiful country. They therefore determined to make states had done, a state government was organized their home here and stay in spite of tlie Indians. and a constitution adopted. Until this time this Among the early territory was a part pioneers was Daniel of Virginia, but in Boone. He brought 1792, by authority his family and a of the Congress of number of his the United States, friends across the il l)ecame the state mountains from of Kentucky. Al- North Carolina to though it had been a point on the but 18 years since Kentucky River in the first settlement what is now Madi- was made, at Har- son county, directly rodsburg, there north of tlie present were more than site of Richmond. 75,000 inhabitants This settlement was when Kentucky be- known as Boones- came a state of the The New State Capitol, Frankfort. boro. On their ar- Union. Even then rival, they saw many buffaloes that had come to there was not a railroad in America, and travel was the lick for salt. Tlie forest was also full of elk, exceedingly slow and tedious, for there were no deer, and wild fowl. These supplied them with good wagon roads, nor even steamboats on the sufficient food until corn and vegetables could be rivers. In 1910 there were 2,290,000 people living grown. in Kentucky. Influenced by stories of this wonderful land, others had crossed the Cumberland Mountains or Government. Wlien Kentucky became a state, had sailed down the Ohio to find homes along its men were elected to make the laws for the whole banks or beside the beautiful streams that flowed state. The men chosen for this purpose were called into it from the soutli. Harrodsburg was settled a senators and representatives ; both together made year before Boonesboro ; and settlements at Lexing- up the general assembly. The constitution, or ton, Louisville, Frankfort, and Limestone (now supreme law of the state, also provided for courts Maysville) were soon made. All the larger settle- and judges to interpret or explain the laws, aiid for ments were made west of the mountains. Here the a Governor and other officers to enforce or carry the Copyright, 1909, IOII4, hij American Book Company. 0C1A374542 ^^/ JUN20lbh (iKOCRAl'lIV OK KKNITCKY The State University of Kentucky, Lexington. laws into effect. As the state grew, it was found wliites and one for blacks, and a state university. that the first constitution and early laws did not Any child may now go from the lowest to the high- altogether suit ; so, from time to time, other consti- est schools with free tuition. When a pupil com- tutions somewhat different were adopted by the peo- pletes the common scliool course, he ma}' attend the ple of the state. The present constitution was county high school, and after that the State Univer- adopted in 1891. sity, at Lexington, wliich is the head of the public There are many matters which do not concern school system of the state. Here he may acijuire a the state as a whole. For this reason, it is divided college education in almost any branches of study into counties, each having officers to look after its he may wish to pursue. Those who desire to be- own affairs. The chief county officer is the county come teachers are allowed free instruction in either judge. Some of the other officers are the sheriff, of the State Normal Schools, one of whii'li is located cf)unty attorney, assessor, clerk, jailer, coroner, at Bowling Green, the other at Richmond. Colored and the sujjerin- students are given free tuition tendent of schools. in the Normal and Industrial In- Now there are 120 stitute at Frankfort. There are counties in all. also many excellent private In many of the schools and colleges in the state, counties are cities the oldest of which is Transylva- which also have nia L'niversity at Lexington. their own govern- ment. Tiiere are a numljer of officers in each city who are connected with its government. The mayor is the chief of Sl.itr Nuini.il SlIi these city officials. Western Bowling Green. Education. At first, strange to say, no provision was made in Kentucky for public education, but nnw a vast sum of money is spent for both white and colored schools. The public school .system of Kentucky now includes the common schools, county and city high schools, two normal schools for Eastern State Normal School, Richmond QUESTIONS ON THE MAP. Cumberland Mountain and Cumberland Gap. Name What two great rivers form part of the natural several counties crossed by the Knobs. IMention sev- boundaries of Kentucky? Wliat smaller river and eral counties of the Blue (irass region. What two what two mountains also form natural boundaries important rivers flow through this region? What of the state'/ Wliat two important rivers cross the hill forms its southern and western boundary ? Name western part of state ? the Name several otiier several cities of the Blue Grass region. Where is the rivers which flow into the Ohio River. Mention region known as the Western Coal Fields ? What several counties in the central part of tiie Mountain river divides it into two nearly equal parts? AVhat region (^see the map of natural regions'). Locate two important cities are in this region on the Oliio? «< / Vj H^ BiB/O W nT" 1 O T O fs 'VtrVlniootMrVv . BRACKiiNj ity a.. .- C * w R Dn c E J/5 • ^-fSiNbyolk / . ' aCmimtt mLoiT^ ^XurT- 'nK3P'° lolL-S.tJU r-'^irTf^.JM^I 'i ^^aP^V^^lr n' I ' l> is the In wliiit part of the state is the Jackson Purcliaso ? these is the largest city of the state? Which far W'liat river forms its eastern lioiimlary ? Wluit city capital? With the scale of miles iind out how apart. Is it of tiiis region is on the Oiii(j ilivcr at tl>e nioiilli of these ncighl)oring settlements were one another? tlie Tennessee? In what part of Kentucky do you likely they were well acrpiainted with live? In wliat county? In what natural region or What two cities are on the Ohio at the mouth of Howling (ireen, IIop- regions is it situated? Describe the houmlaries of the Licking River? Locale this county. Locate Booneshoro. Wiio made a kinsville, Ashland, Bellevue, Dayton, Winchester, settlement here? Locate Ilarroilshurg, Maysvillc, llichmond, and Paris. In what county is the Mam- Louisville, Frankfort, and Lexington. Which nf moth Cave ? GEOGRAPHY OF KENTUCKY Virginia, or Ohio, SURFACE AND DRAINAGE. that of the state of Tennessee, and a little greater than that of Indiana. Turn to tlie map. Find Hickman. It is in the In the mountains the rivers are rapid, with many southwestern corner of the state. It is 500 feet falls ; but where they flow through the long, gradual above sea level. Locate the Cumberland Mountain slope they can be easily traversed by boats. ]Much range. Its crest is 2000 feet above sea level. of Kentucky has Some of these mountains are even higher easy water com- tlian that, but to the north and west they munication with the gradually get lower and lower until they are Ohio River. Begin but hills. The crest of Cumberland Moun- at the northeastern tain is how many times as high as Hickman corner of the state above sea level ? The larger part of Ken- and name in order tucky is a great plain furrowed by i-ivers. seven rivers which Its northern boundary is the Ohio River, which flow into the Ohio. separates it from Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. Which of these riv- ers drain the most land '/ Wliat river drains all of Ken- tucky ? Through what stream do the waters from Ken- tucky reach the ocean ? Trace the waters in the stream A Coal Mine, near your home to the Mountain Region. Mississippi River. The surface of the state has a gen- eral slope from the Appalachian Plateau in the southeast to the Ohio River on the northwest. Thus the principal streams of Kentucky flow northwest Cumberland Falls. Its western boundary is the Mississippi River, which separates it from Missouri. Its eastern boundary is Cum- berland Mountain, Pine Mountain, and Big Sandy River in the Appalachian Highland. These separate it from Virginia and West Virginia. The southern boundary, which separates Kentucky from Tennessee, differs from all the others, The Ohio River near the Mouth of the Kentucky. as it is composed of nearly straight lines marked out by man, and does not and are tributaries 6f the Ohio. Among these follow any one river valley or mountain ridge or streams are the Big Sand3% Licking, Kentucky, other natural feature. Rolling Fork, Green, Tradewater, Cumberland, The length of the state is about 380 miles, and and Tennessee rivers. The Cumberland rises in its greatest width is about 170 miles. Its area is southeastern Kentucky and the Tennessee still fur- about 40,000 square miles, being almost as great as ther east in Virginia, and both of these streams GEOGRAI'HY OF KENTUCKY flow through Tennessee in great bends before they and although some of the valleys contain fertile cross western Kentucky to join the Ohio. soil, the region as a whole is not well adapted for Altliough the general sh)pe is to tiie northwest, farming. It contains, however, rich stores of coal the state may be divided into several regions by well- and iron and is covered with valuable forests. The marked differences in the character of the surface. western edge of the upland forms an irregular line These natural regions are six in nuinlicr: the Moun- of hills called tiic Knobs. tain Re(/ion, the Knohg. tiie Bhie (rraxx /iii/ion. the The Knobs Region extends across the state from Lewis county on the Ohio to Allen county on the Tennessee boundary, and from Uncoln county a prong circles to- ward the northwest, to the Ohio Kiver near Louisville. This prong of the Knobs is a range of wooded hills known as Muldraughs Hill. The Knobs, thougii poor soil, is a splendid fruit region. The numerous small valleys are quite product ivc. The Blue Grass Region lies west of the Knolis and north of .Muldrauehs Ilill. Souttidown Sbeep, Blue Grass Region. t'avcriioKK Limcittone Rri/ion. tlie Wfnti'i-)! Cold Fill,], and tlic Joi-/cho)i J*>t)-i-/iitse. The Mountain Region. On the map of Kentucky linil (ircenup county, on "trrirm&imri: the Oliio Tiiver. Then Knd Wayne and Clinton counties on the Tennessee line. Draw a line with your pencil from the northern point of (ireennp county to Eenlucky Uuiscs. the point on the Tennessee line where It is an undulating limestone Wayne and Clinton country with a deep and fertile counties join. The soil, well adapted to farming and part of Kentucky to the growth of the beautiful vel- east of this line is vety blue grass. The Kentucky commonly called the and Licking rivers flow through Mountains. This is this region in deep, steep-sided val- about one fourth of leys, but away from these streams the state, and con- the surface is comparatively level sists of an upland or rolling, and forms one of the 1000 to 2000 feet The Largest Loose-leaf Tobacco Warehouse in the World finest farming and stock-breed- high, whiv^li has been Lexington. ing regions of the world. ilivided by the deepsteei)-sided valleys of the streams The Western Coal Field. The region about the into a great mimlx-rof small plateaus and ranges of lower com.sc of (ireen Uiver, including the counties high hills which render the sui'fa(;e very rough anil from Hancock to Union and as far south as Muh- rugged. In the extreme southeast, near the \'ir- lenberg and Mutler, is rough and hill)' and much like ginia boumlary, arc the high, i-vcn-toppcd ridges of the .Mountain region, but not so elevated. Like Cumiierland .Mountain and I'itie .Mountain. The that region, too, it contains valuable beds of coal surface rock of this upland is generally sandstone. and much excellent timber. Hut most of the coal ; GEOGRAPHY OF KENTUCKY miles in length, and some of them now form the course of underground rivers. The Jackson Purchase em- braces the portion of the state west of the Tennessee River. It Wius purchased from the Chickasaw Indians in 1820. It is a low-lying region composed of clay, loam, and gravel, and in places is exceedingly fer- tile. Climate. The climate of Kentucky is pleasant and healthful, with warm sum- mers and moderately cold Echo River. Mammoth C.ive. winters, and an ample rain- in western Kentucky lies below the beds of the fall very nearly distributed through the year. It streams, and must be broug'lit to the surface by means is sqmewhat warmer on the lowlands along the of shafts dug down to the seams of coal. In the Mississipi)i River than on Cumberland Mountain in mountains, the coal seams are in the mountain sides, the southeast, and the rainfall is somewhat greater above the streams, and are mined by "drifting," or in the soutliern than in the northern part of the tunneling into the sides of the mountains. state. Cavernous Limestone Region. Extending from RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES. ]\Iul(lraugli.s Hill and The Knoljs to the Tennessee River, and surrounding the Western Coal Field on Minerals. Coal is the most valuable mineral of the east, south, and west, is a low limestone plateau Kentucky. It is mined in many localities in both whose surface is pitted with numerous sink-holes the Mountain resrion and the Western Coal Field. or depressions through which the surface water finds its wa}'' into underground pas- sages. The water, by dissolving the lime- stone rocks, enlarges many of these passages into great caves or caverns, of which Mam- moth Cave in Edmonson coLinty is the most famous. Some of these caves are several A Kentucky Tobacco Field. Excellent iron ore is mined in both these regions, especially in Bath county. Petro- leum is also obtained, particularly in the southern counties from Wayne to Allen and natural gas in Meade county. Marble, onyx, au Much of the commerce of the state is transported over its navigable water- ways, particularly by means of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers ; while tlie Tennessee, Cumberland, Green, Ken- tuek}-. Licking, Big Sandy, an Louisville, tlie metropolis of the stale and the county seat of Jeffer.son county, is located on tlie Oliio River at the falls, which here furnisli excel- Louisville Free Public Libra^. lent water power. A canal has been constructed around the falls, so that Agriculture gives eniplovinent to a greater num- they interfere but little with the navigation of the ber of [leople in Kentucky than any other industry. river. Owing to the commercial and manufactur- Tuhaeco is grown chiefly in the limestone regions ing facilities afforded by its location, Louisville has and in the Jackson Purchase, and the annual crop grown rapidly in prosperity. is much greater than in any other state in the Union. The transportation facilities of Louisville by Corn and wheat are raised in all sections. Hemp is both rail and water are excellent. The various extensively raised in the P>luc (Jrassregion, and this railroads which enter the city give communication crop is greater in Kentucky than in any other state. with nearly every part of the state, and bridges Fine fruit is raised in the Oliio River counties of across the Ohio connect these roads with various the lilue Grass region and along ]\Iuldrauglis Hill sections of the Union. An extensive traflic is car- and the Knobs. The breeding of fine cattle and ried on by means of steamboat navigation on the fast horses is a leading industry in the Blue Grass Ohio River and the other navigable rivers of the counties. state. Lumbering is a leading industry in the Mountain Louisville is an important market for the sale of Region, where great quantities of yellow poplar leaf tobacco, and mueii of this product is here manu- lumber are obtained. The logs are cut in the for- factured into chewing, smoking, and other forms of ests near the head waters of the larger streams and tobacco. Distilled and malt liquors, cottonseed are floated down singly or in rafts to tiie sawmills oil, and leather are produced in large quantities. far below. Other manufacturing industries include slaughter- Manufacturing. Among the manufacturing in- ing and meat jiacking, flour milling, and tlie making dustiies the making of chewing and smoking tobacco of wagons, farm implements, machinery, cars, and and tlie distilling of li(iuors are very important, as clothing. The po])ulation in 1910 was about :2l'4,Oi)0. are also tlie milling of flour and cornnieal, saw mill- ing, tlie making of iron and steel, meat packing, and the manufacture of macliinery, cottonseed oil, cars, carriages and wagons, leather, and clotliing. Louisville is by far the most important numufac- turing center in the state. Commercial Facilities. Kentucky is traversed by a niiiiil)er of iiu|)()rtaul trunk lines f)f railway, in- cluding tlie Chesapeake and Oliio ; Louisville and Nasliville ; Illinois Central ; Cincinnati, New < )rlcans, and Texas I'acilic ; and other important systems, wliicii togellier iiave a trackage of more tliau :5r)0() miles. These roads afford access to nearly all parts of the state, and, witli other connections, give ample communication witii all sections of tlie Union. Scene in Central Park, Louisville. GEOGRAPHY OF KENTUCKY Covington is in Kenton county on the Ohio first settled in 1798. It is situated fin the Oliio River, River. The Ohio and various railroads provide and has excellent facilities for trade and manufac- a ready means of communication, and bridges ture. Its chief manufactures include tobacco, flour, across the Ohio River connect Covington witli lumber, machinery, wagons, buggies, and cellulose. Cincinnati. Its manufactories include tobacco fac- Henderson, the county seat of Henderson county, tories, foundries, machine shops, and breweries. is situated on the Ohio River. The city is one of Newport, on the Ohio opposite Cincinnati, in much wealth, and is an important tobacco market. Campbell county, is separated from Covington by Its manufactures include tobacco, cotton and woolen goods, distilled liquors, and flour. Frankfort, the capital of tlie state, is situated in Franklin county on the Ken- tucky River, which is here navigable for Ohio River steamers. The city is situated within the limits of the Blue (irass region, and is an important commercial and manu- facturing center. The State Reformatory, I, I, J^ the institution for educating feeble- minded children, and the state normal and industrial school for blacks are located here. Hopkinsville is the county seat of Chris- tian county, which is noted for its agricul- tural resources. These contribute in a large measure to the growth and commer- cial importance of the cit}'. It has a large trade in flour and tobacco. Bowling Green, the county seat of War- Courthouse and Public Square, Lexington. ren count}-, is located on the Barren River the Licking River. Macliinery, clotliing, and lum- in the center of a very rich agricultural and ber are its among various manufactures. stock raising section ; besides, it possesses a Lexington, tlie county seat of Fayette county, number of manufacturing industries. Here are is a flourishing city. This city, often called the located Ogden College, the Western Kentucky Belle of the Blue Grass, was founded in 1776, and State Normal School, and other imijortant educa- was the home of Henry Clay. It is noted for its tional institutions. sales of fine horses, which bring buyers from all parts of the country, and also as being the chief hempmarketof the United States, and one of the largest tobacco markets in the world. The State University, the East- ern State Hospital for insane persons, Transylvania Univer- sity, and a number of private colleges are located here. Paducah, the county seat of MeC'raekeu county, is located Transylvania University, Lexington. at the point where the Tennes- see River enters the Ohio- The city has extensive Ashland is in Boyd county on the Ohio River. shipping interests, and is an important tobacco mar- It has large interests in coal and iron mining, and ket, besides maintaining a large number of manu- in the manufacture of iron and steel and their vari- facturing industries. ous products. The city is also in a rich lumber Owensboro, the county seat of Daviess county, was region and has many lumber mills. . GEOGRAPHY OF KENTUCKY Middlesboro< in Bell county, is in the southeast- located liere. Richnmnd is noted for extensive ern corner of the state in an important coal and shipments of tine iiorses, mules, and cattle. iron mining region, and has extensive iron and Madisonville. the county seat of IIo])kins county, steel furnaces and coke ovens. is in the Western Coal Field. Besides the adjacent Winchester, the county seat of Clark county, is coal mines, it has various manufactories. a flourisliing city in tl;e Blue (irass region. The Georgetown, the county seat of Scott county, is in chief interests of the city are those connected with tlie Hlui' (irass region, and has an important trade stock raising, manufacturing, and lumbering. Ken- in tile products of this part of the state. Here are tucky Wfsleyan CoUfge is located here. located Georgetown College and several seminaries. Bellevue and Dayton, in Camivbell county, and Somerset, in Pulaski county, is a mining city, Ludlow, in Kenton county, are suburban places with I'ailroad sliops, excellent sidiools, a good public among the group of cities on the Ohio opposite library, and numerous banks, wliolesale houses, and CiiiciMuati. factories. Maysville, the county seat of Mason county, was Mt. Sterling, the county seat of Montgomery settled in 1787, and was formerly called Limestone. coiuity, is situated on the dividing line between the It is situated on the Ohio at the Zanesville and Blue Grass and the Knobs regions. Lumber and Lexington turnpike crossing, wliich wafe, in the its products are among its chief manufactures. early history of the state, an important thorough- fare for commercial traffic. ' The following places are the county seats of their Ma3rfield. the county seat of Graves county, is in respective counties, and the chief interests of each the western part of the state in the Jackson Pur- are briefly mentioned: Cynthiana, llanison county, chase region. The city has a large and growing agriculture and manufacturing. Catlettsburg. Boyd trade in the products of a ricli agricultural section. county, stock raising and coal mining. Lebanon, Paris, the county seat of Bourbon county, has an Marion county, agriculture, stock raising, and dis- important trade in live stock, tobacco, and distilled tilling. Shelbyville, Shelby county, tobacco, grain, liquors. and live stoek. Danville, the county seat of Boyle county, is in Among otlier places of importance may be men- the soutlicrn part of the Blue Grass region, and is tioned : Earlington, Hopkins county. Harrodsburg, chiefly noted for its agricultural products and live Mercer county. Hickman and Fulton. Fulion stock. Here is located the Central University of county. Morganfield. rnioii county. Russellville, Kentucky. Logan county. Princeton, Caldwell count \. Nich- Richmond, the county seat of Madison county, is olasville. Jessamine county. Versailles. Woodford on the eastern border of the Blue Grass region. county. Franklin, Simpson county. Corbin, Whit- The Eastern Kentucky State Normal School is ley county. POPULATION OF THE COUNTIES OF KENTUCKY, 1910. Adair 10. .50.3 Clark 17, '.tS7 Ilarri.sou 1(),H73 McCr.ackcn. . Alien 14. 882 Clay 17.,789 Hart 18,173 Anderson 10. 14t! Clinton 8. 163 Henderson 29,352 Ballard 12, tJ'.H) Crittenden 13, 2«« Henry 1.3,710 Barren 2-'). 2H3 ( 'uniberland 9. 840 Hickman 11,7.50 Math 1:!. 088 I)avies.s 41.,020 Hopkins 34.291 Hell 28. Kdmonson 10. ,4(i!l .Jackson 10,734 lioone !•. 420 Klliott 9. 814 .Jefferson 2t!2,!»20 liourbon 17, 4(i2 Kslill 12,,273 .Je.ssainine 12,013 H.ivd 23. 444 Fayeue 47,,71.5 .Jolinsim 17,482 Uoyle 14,,fili8 Kleming 10, OtIO Kenton 70,355 ' lliacken 10. ;'.08 Klovd 18. 023 Knott 10,791 Hieathitt 1". .'>40 Franklin 21, 13o 1 Knox 22,110 Itreckinridge 21,,o:)4 Fulton 14, 114 Larue 10.701 I'.iillitt 9.,487 (lallatin 4, 097 Laurel 19,872 Hnller l.'i,,80r, < iarrard 11. 894 Lawrence 20,007 Caldwell 14,,o 38 THE UNITED STATES. The seven states of the Northern Section west of the Mississippi River lie wholly or partly in the Missouri basin. In the northeast and southeast are extensive forests, and tlie Black Hills, in tlie west, are forest clad. The rest of the group is mostly treeless, except along the streams. In the extreme western part of this group agriculture is of less importance than stock raising, for droughts are not infrequent. Grain elevator. MICHIGAN. What states and waters border Miclii- gan ? AV'hat lake and strait separate it into two parts What two rivers traverse the southern peninsula' What range of hills is in the northern peninsula? What and where is the capital? What city is east of it west of it; north of it? Tlie southern part is noted for its proiluc- Harvesting wheat. tion of wheat, dairy products, apples, and MINNESOTA. What country, states, and waters border Minnesota? What rivers traverse it? Name wool ; the central three of its lakes. Name and locate the capital. part, for lumber and What city is near it ? What city is in the northeast ? salt ; the northern Minnesota is one of the great wheat- part, for iron ore, co}) producing states of the Union. Lumbering per, and lumber. is a great industry in the northeast and Detroit has unrivaled southeast. The iron ore mines in the north- commercial facilities, and east are t!ie most extensive in the world. manufactures automobiles, ma Minneapolis is the world's greatest flour-milling chinery, packed meat, tobacco, and Corn, city and a great lumber center. St. Paul is a com- drugs. Grand Rapids manufactures fur- mercial city at the head of navigation on the Missis- niture ; Saginaw, beet sugar, lumber, and machinery. sippi. Dif/wf/i ships wheat, flour, lumber, and iron ore. WISCONSIN. What states and waters border Wisconsin ? What IOWA. What states and waters border Iowa ? What rivers cross two rivers traverse it? What lake and bay are in the east? What it? Locate the capital; two cities in the east; one in the northwest. and where is the capital ? What two cities are on Lake Michigan ? \Vliat city is on Lake Superior? Iowa is a great corn- and hog-producing state, and is noted also for its cattle, dairy products, and coal. Oats, barley, and tobacco are important crops in Des Moines is in the mining region, and has a large the southern lialf of the state. In the north are trade. Dubuque and Davenport manufacture machin valuable pine forests and rich mines of iron ore. ery and food products. Sioux City packs much meat, Milwaukee is a shipping point for grain and lum- ber, and has extensive breweries, tanneries, foun- MISSOURI. Wiat states and waters border Missouri? What rivers cinss it? What mountains are in the south? Locate the dries, and flour mills. Superior ships wheat, lumber, capital. What city is in the east? What two cities are in the west? and iron ore, and has large shijjyards. Racine In northern Missouri farming, and in the south manufactures automobiles, agricultural implements, fruit and wool growing and lumbering, are leading and carriages and wagons. industries. Much coal, lead, and zinc are mined. TOPICS ON THE EAST CENTRAL STATES. St. Louis, the largest city in the Mississippi basin, I. St.\tk.s. Charaiteristic piodncts ami industries of each state. II. CiTiKs. Characteristics of one or more leading cities in each state. has a great trade by rail and river. It manufactures