Forestry Potential in the Drylands

A Quaterly Magazine of The Kenya Forest Service : Issue No.12 :: April - June 2014

FORESTRY POTENTIAL IN THE DRYLANDS KENYA @ 50 SECRETARIAT TO PLANT 50 MILLION TREES KENYA FORESTRY COLLEGE STUDENTS GRADUATE In this 12th issue of the Forester, we highlight a number of ongoing activities and events that have taken place in the last quarter of the fiscal year 2013/2014. Our main focus in this issue is on Dryland Forestry and the immense potential the arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) hold in terms of growth in the forestry sector and also towards strengthening the economy and the livelihoods of people living in these areas. The Service has also been partnering with numerous stakeholders such as the Embassy of South Korea, Kenya National Highways Authority (KENHA), TOYOTA Kenya and Kenya Electric- ity Transmission Company (KETRACO) among others in environmental conservation through tree planting. It is encouraging to see corporate citizens engaging in tree planting as one of their community social responsibility activities. This will go a long way in increasing the country’s tree cover. We therefore call upon other partners in both the public and private sector to join us in this noble course. The Service continues to promote the protection of the major water towers in the country. to this end, KFS joined Rhi- no Ark Kenya Charitable Trust at this year’s Rhino Charge whose main objective is to raise funds to fence the Mt. Kenya Forest. This will be important in the prevention of human-wildlife con- flicts as well as help in protecting the forest from destruction. We also highlight the graduation of over 220 students from the Kenya Forestry College this year. The College continues to play an important role towards enhancing the capacity of technical officers in forest management and protection. Catch all this and more in the 12th issue of the Forester Maga- zine. Cover Photo: A view of Marsabit Forest

EDITOR 04 - LEAD STORY - Anne Kaari SUB EDITORS - Forestry Potential in The Drylands - Charles Ngunjiri 06 - GENERAL NEWS - Leakey Sonkoyo - Kenya Forestry College Students Graduate STAFF WRITERS 16 - PICTORIALS - Lydia Ogada - Michael Muratha 20 - PROJECT NEWS - Caroline Kahuria - Redd+ Implementation in Kenya - Esther Munyingi 22 - COMMENTARY - Susan Ndethiu - Sarah Wacera - Watershed Management - Brian Karani 24 - STATION PROFILE CONTRIBUTORS - Shamanek Forest Station - Col. J.N. Kimani - Monicah Ruto 25 - STAFF NEWS - Tito Okello - KFS Commandant Awarded DESIGN 28 - FEATURE - Fuchamedia - Kipini Conservancy PRINTERS - Wiltech Communication Printers 29 - FROM THE FILES 30 - HUMOUR AND LEISURE 32 - KNOW YOUR TRESS

THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 DIRECTOR’S FORWARD Word from the Director

Kenya is endowed with some of the most pristine forest ecosystems in the world. She is blessed with some of the most diverse forest ecosystems around from the moorlands to rain forests, tropical and probably the only remaining coastal forest in the region. These are important national treasurers that citizens have the sole responsibility of conserving. Ken- yans must never lose sight of the important roles that these forests play in their daily lives no matter where they live. In years gone by, our forests were more expansive and ultimately more diverse. But with population growth and demand for wood from industries, forests have continued to David K. Mbugua - KFS Director shrink, sometimes at an alarming rate. on our farms. The Kenya Forest Service (KFS) continues to Kenya was on the verge of losing and indeed may work with farmers through its Farm Forestry Programme to have lost some of its plant species. This in turn has threat- equip them with the necessary skills and knowledge on best ened the very existence of some animal species. Without practice in tree growing. This includes helping them adopt Arabuko-Sokoke Forest at the Coast for example, animal the best species for different purposes. species like the Golden Rump Elephant Shrew and the Sokoke Scops Owl which are only found in that forest, would The Service is also aggressively pursuing tree growing not be in existence. It is for this reason that the government and conservation of available vegetation in the drylands. set aside some areas for forest conservation and animal Through its Drylands Programme, the Service is working habitats. with residents of the drier parts of the country which make Our forests are perhaps the only heritage that a up about 80% of the country, to conserve dryland forests, human generation can bequeath another generation. So it which are unique biodiversities and also to adopt tree spe- is incumbent upon us to preserve the few forest resources cies that have been found to do well in these areas. we have and find a better way of supplementing them by for example planting trees for domestic and industrial use

LETTERS Our Environment Environment is anything that surrounds us. Before we litter, we must imagine if it is right or wrong. The environment that surrounds us was better but now it is unpleasant. Some people do not care and they throw polythene papers and other items any- where they want. If they knew how much time it takes to decay, they would stop instantly. That is why I am not supporting them in destroying the environment that God gave us. To the people who cut down trees: cutting down trees leads to soil erosion. Please avoid doing so. Do not destroy our beautiful environment.

And to those who litter, did you know most of this litter ends up in our water sources? Water is life and if it was not there, we would not survive. KFS will be awarding one lucky winner of the ‘Star Letter’ so we We should learn to recycle the items that can be used later. are encouraging you to write to us with your comments and Please Kenyans and all people from other countries, let us con- queries and stand a chance to win. Best letter to the editor to receive a branded KFS t-shirt and serve our environment so that we can shine. cap.

Amos Kimosop Kibor - 11yrs.

THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 LEAD STORY

Vegetation in the Drylands Forestry Potential in The Drylands

is sustainable management and utilisation of drylands forest resources for community livelihood improvement and climate change mitigation. The Service is increasing and maintaining the area under tree cover in ASALS through institutional tree planting approaches and rehabilitations of degraded areas for enhanced environmental conservation and livelihood improvement. KFS is also promoting sustainable investments in dryland forest enterprises such as bee keeping, silk and aloe farming, value addition for products such as gums and resins.

The Service has is also enhancing its information generation, dissemination and technology transfer capacity within The county’s arid and semi-arid areas which cover the ASAL areas. KFS has started programmes to ensure that the about 80% of Kenya’s total land surface and hold 25% of the sustainable forestry management practices are achieved in the human population, are unique in nature and require special at- drylands. These include the promotion and establishment of tention to strengthen not only the economic base of the inhab- suitable multipurpose tree species in the ASALS as well as water itants but also the national economy. They also offer the great- harvesting and conservation measures in the drylands est potential for intensified afforestation towards achieving the national objective of 10% tree cover.

As much as dryland forests have the potential to supply marketable commodities on a sustainable basis – such as gums and resins, aloe, charcoal, essential oils, silk, edible oil, commercial juices, frankincense, indigenous fruits, honey, thatch- ing materials and timber – an improvement in the livelihoods of those people living in the Arid and Semi-arid areas (ASAL) will depend upon development of processing technologies and markets for the non-wood forest products and the provision of sufficient economic incentives.

Desertification, which is the process of degrading the Prosopis Juliflora 'Mathenge' Tree drylands into deserts is a major problem in the drylands. Most of these processes occur as a result of many causes both natural The Service in conjunction with stakeholders including the and human. Destruction of vegetation cover in drylands occurs County Governments is also promoting catchment protection for a variety of reasons such as overgrazing, over cultivation, and rehabilitation and also supporting community initiatives in fuel wood collection and burning. Stock grazing is the most sustainable utilization of tree products through promotion of widespread use of drylands and it is widely regarded as a major value addition. cause of desertification owing to its increased intensity. Other activities aimed at developing dryland forest- The major role of the Kenya Forest Service (KFS) in the drylands ry include streamlining the charcoal industry for sustainability

THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 LEAD STORY Forestry Potential in the Drylands

through formation of charcoal producer associations in all the grazing by building on the Indigenous Technical Knowledge such ASAL forest areas and establishment of woodlots of suitable as deferred grazing patterns. drylands tree species. Other approaches include the Green Schools Programme that The Service is also working with other agencies includ- aims at involving educational institutions in tree planting activ- ing the Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI) to identify and ities nationally. develop tree species that can withstand the climatic conditions of the ASALs with a view of introducing these to tree farmers. KFS is also sensitising pastoralists on sustainable methods of

Vegetation in the Drylands. Conserving Marsabit Forest

Located 170km east of the centre of the East African In a bid to reduce deforestation rates that have been Rift, Marsabit District near the town of Marsabit, Mount Mars- so rampant, the Government of Kenya initiated the Northern abit is a thick forest that is shrouded in mist and fog with high Kenya Biodiversity Conservation project to run for five years moisture levels and cool temperatures. from July 2013 to 2018 with a need to optimize ecosystems The forest is critical in sustaining life not only within the for- services, particularly water and energy provision in an area of est but also in the surrounding areas, including Marsabit town. northern Kenya that centers on Marsabit forest and its natural The forest and the surrounding areas have a diverse range of resources. The project is being funded by Agence Francaise de ecosystem services that include water provision, climate regu- Development (AFD) at a cost of Kshs 1.2 billion. lation and a carbon sink reservoir. The project is meant to benefit communities living ad- The forest also provides wood fuel, medicinal plants jacent to the forest, particularly communities in three conserv- and grazing areas which are particularly important to the sur- ancies among them Songa, Shurr and Jaldesa. Other partners rounding communities and the people living adjacent to the include Kenya Forest Service, NEMA, relevant NGO’s and KWS. forest.

THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 GENERAL NEWS Kenya Forestry College Students Graduate

Cabinet Secretary Ministry of Environment, Water and Natural Resources Prof. Judi Wakhungu during the ceremony

Over 220 students undertaking certificate and diploma On his part, KFS Director Mr. David Mbugua said that the courses in forestry graduated at the Kenya Forestry College Service had assisted the college improve its capacity by invest- (KFC) Londiani recently at a colourful ceremony presided over ing in better infrastructure. He said that with the completion of by the Cabinet Secretary Ministry of Environment, Water and the hospitality and conference facility at the college, it was now Natural Resources Prof. Judi Wakhungu among other dignitar- in a better position to attract business as the government had ies. directed that all state conferences and workshops be held in Speaking at the event in which the 28th and 37th diplo- government facilities. ma and certificate classes respectively graduated, the Minis- While addressing the students and guests who had at- ter congratulated the students for successfully completing the tended the ceremony, the college’s Principal Prof. Donald Og- course and joining the forestry sector which she added needed weno said that the college had reviewed its curriculum with a technical officers to help mitigate the effects of climate change view of making it more relevant to the present realities of the and environmental degradation. “You are joining the forestry sector. He added that there was more emphasis on entrepre- sector at a time when we as a country are grappling with chal- neurship in the new curriculum as the forest sector was now lenges brought about by climate change. So you should play being viewed as a viable commercial activity which the gradu- your part as experts to assist in addressing these changes,” she ates can engage in. told the students. The Principal added that the college had also diversified Addressing the same gathering, the Chairman of Kenya the courses offered to include short courses which are being Forest Service (KFS) Mr. Peter Kirigua also congratulated the offered to the neighbouring community at a minimal fee. He students and urged them to continue furthering their educa- said the college was also working with the University of Eldoret tion so that they can gain more skills to work in the forestry sec- with a view of developing a degree course to be offered at the tor. “There are many opportunities now in the sector as more institution. The college has also partnered with a number of Kenyans have embraced forestry and will need your technical universities in Finland in order to improve the capacity of the services to help them manage their forest estates,” said Mr. Ki- teaching staff. rigua.

Environment Cabinet Secretary Prof. Judi Wakhungu being given a tour of the Kenya Forestry College campus.

THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 GENERAL NEWS

KFS Board Chairman Peter Kirigua, Kimakia CFA Chairman Daniel Murugu and Project Manager North Eastern Aberdare Rehabilitation & Livelihood Project Catherine Mwangi plant a tree to mark the launch of the event. Communities Participate in Foundation to Plant 250 Tree Planting Thousand Trees

Kenya Forest Service (KFS) joined the Kimakia Com- munity Forest Association on the 6th of May 2014 in planting trees in Kiambu County. Communities adjacent to the forest have been engaging in conservation efforts through an enhanced relationship with KFS.

Addressing the community during the event, KFS Board Chairman Mr. Peter Kirigua urged farmers to utilize the School Children plant trees during the launch of Kagoech Foundation Trust's tree planting initiative opportunity given to them in collaborating with KFS through The Kagoech Foundation Trust will plant 250 thou- establishment of nurseries to improve their livelihoods. sand seedlings this rainy season in a campaign which will eventually see it planting over 10 million seedlings in four He noted that it was important for the Association to counties namely; Elgeyo/Marakwet, Uasin-Ngishu, Nandi have an educational tour to other areas particularly Gathiuru and Baringo. This was said by the Foundation’s Chairman CFA in Nanyuki to open up the participants minds to new Mr. Micah Kigen during the launch of the Greening Schools opportunities that can be useful for their own development. Phase Two Programme in Iten recently. This will allow them to see principles of plant growth, management and also learn how to engage in income generating Speaking at the same event, the Kenya Forest Service activities to better their lives. (KFS) Chairman Mr. Peter Kirigua who was the Chief Guest said that KFS had a National Programme for planting trees in Speaking during the planting, Kimakia CFA Chairper- schools which will see the participation of all public schools son Daniel Murugu was grateful for the support they have in Kenya. He added that the Service had identified 20 schools received from KFS in regards to understanding Participatory in each constituency which it will assist in establishing tree Forest Management. This has accorded the community a nurseries and woodlots. sense of ownership of the natural resources around them and their benefits. The Chairman also used the opportunity to thank people who had voluntarily left the Embobut Forest saying Mr. Kirigua also noted that KFS has been collaborat- that KFS will work with them to restore the forest. “I assure ing with schools through the Green Schools and Commercial you that the Service will involve you in the restoration of Tree Growing Programme, to ensure schools establish their Embobut Forest which is now free from forest invaders,” he own nurseries to sustain themselves economically said. He further urged them to join Community Forest As- sociations (CFAs) so that they can enter into meaningful engagements with KFS as stipulated by the law.

THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 GENERAL NEWS Kirinyaga County Launches Green Schools and Commercial Tree Growing

to help in planting trees in their schools and also at home as an income generating activity for them. Speaking during the event, the area Member of Parlia- ment Hon. Njogu Barua reinterred his commitment to the conservation of the environment for the people of Gichugu Con- stituency. He said that he would push for the establishment of an Environment day in Kirinyaga County that could see schools that practice environmental conservation rewarded. He also said that he would support the green schools initiative so that the movement would encompass all primary schools and sec-

Senior Deputy Director Field Operations Emilio Mugo waters a tree in ondary schools in the county to help in the conservation of our Rwambiti Primary School in Gichugu Constituency, Kirinyaga County. forests. The representative of Kirinyaga County’s Minister for KFS rolled out another initiative of the Green Schools Environment, Water and Natural Resources reiterated the and Commercial Tree Growing in Rwambiti Primary School, Gi- county’s commitment to conserve the forest. This will be done chugu Constituency, Kirinyaga County on 5th April, 2014 which by the setting aside of part of the county’s budget for the es- saw more than 300 tree seedlings planted in the school prem- tablishment of a county forest at the south of Ngariama. This ises. project will cost the county Ksh. 500,000.00. He also said that In a speech read out by the Ministry of Environment, the county government would invest in the rehabilitation of ur- Water and Natural Resources Conservation Secretary, Gide- ban forest in Kerugoya and also the demarcation and fencing of on Gathaara, promised that the national government would the forests in the county to help in the conservation of forests work hand in hand with the county government to increase the that fall within Kirinyaga County. county’s tree cover in line with Kenya’s vision 2030 goal of 10% tree cover. Mr. Gathaara encouraged the pupils in attendance

50 Millions Trees Planted by Kenya @ 50 Secretariat

Speaking during the event KFS Board Chairman Mr. Peter Kirigua noted that the Service has been ensuring that the set target is achieved through engaging stakeholders and schools through the Green Schools and Commercial Tree Growing Project, where students are encouraged to participate in tree growing for environmental sustainability and commercial gain. He noted that several schools in the County had been selected for the program, among them Katheini in Kang’un- do, Ndovoini in Athi River, Thatha in Masinga, Makutano in Mwala and Muumandu. He emphasized the importance of the program in assisting students to sustain themselves through establishment of tree nurseries and woodlots in their respective schools. Also present at the event, the Kenya @ 50 Secretariat Communication Director Mr. Mohammed Hussein noted that Scouts from Machakos County plant trees at Machakos People's Park as the initiative will help the County and more so the Country, in National Bank CEO Mr. Munir Ahmed (left) and KFS Board Chairman Mr. Peter Kirigua look on. achieving the targeted 10% tree cover. KFS joined the Kenya @ 50 Secretariat and other stake- KFS has been encouraging partnerships from Govern- holders in planting trees at the People’s Park in Machakos ment institutions and the Private sector in a bid to ensure County on 23rd May, 2014. The initiative was aimed at plant- that the 10% tree cover is attained. Environmental sustaining 50 million trees in the next three years, towards achieving ability is key in ensuring that our society continues to enjoy the 10% tree cover. economic gain and more importantly address issues of climate change, while still conserving the environment.

THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 GENERAL NEWS Kenya Forest Service - Korea Tree Planting

Kenya Forest Service Director Mr. Da- vid Mbugua called on the international community to partner with Kenyans in tree planting activities across Kenya. He also added that the government plans to

South Korea Ambassador to Kenya Mr. Choi Donggyou is received by the KFS Director Mr. D.K fence all public forests in the country to Mbugua and the Deputy Director Forest Extension Services Mr. Patrick Kariuki at Karera Forest in reduce human destruction and help for- Kiambu County. est rangers and the communities living ernment is willing to work with Kenya to near the forests in their efforts to protect Kenya Forest Service marked its continue maintaining the historic forest trees from illegal logging. There will also 3rd tree planting partnership with the friendship which is in its third year now. be specific entry points into public for- Republic of Korea by planting trees at Also present at the function ests. A total of 4400 trees were planted Karera Forest in Kiambu County on 30th held at the Karera Forest Block uplands that day. May 2014. The event was graced by the was KFS Board Chairman Peter Kirigua, Other dignitaries who were South Korea Ambassador to Kenya Mr. KFS Director David Mbugua, KFS senior present at the event include the Depu- Choi Donggyou. Speaking at the event, management staff, Korea Embassy staff ty County Commissioner Lari County, a Mr. Donggyou reiterated the Korean among others. representative from the Timber Manu- Government’s continued commitment Speaking during the same event, facturers Association and Kiambu MCA towards seeing Kenya achieve its goal KFS Board Chairman Peter Kirigua spoke Mr. Joseph Githaiga. KFS was represent- towards attaining a better environment of the partnership as being among the ed by the Head of Conservancy-Central and becoming developed. “I am happy to major contributors to the increasing Highlands John Wachihi, the Deputy be in Kenya, it is a beautiful place to be in forest cover in the country. “Through Director-Legal Esther Keige, Deputy Di- and I can assure you that our friendship this partnership we have so far planted rector-Forest Conservation Esau Omollo with Kenya will continue to grow”, Dong- 7,000 seedlings covering an area of 10 and the Deputy Director-Finance and gyou who took over from Chan-Woo Kim hectares and the general survival stands Accounting Anastacia Muasya, Deputy affirmed. at over 80%”, he said. He also urged the Director-Forest Extension Patrick Kariuki, The Korean Government has communities living within the forest to Head Corporate-Communications Anne pledged its continued support to the protect it especially from loggers and to Kaari, Ecosystem Conservator-Kiambu Kenyan Government in increasing the avoid overgrazing. He assured the Kore- Mr. George Njenga and other staff from country’s tree cover. South Korea Am- an Government that KFS was committed the KFS headquarters and KFS Kiambu bassador to continue working with them. County. While thanking the Korean Gov- Choi Donggyou said that his government for their continued support, KFS Signs Forest Management Agreements with Community Forest Associations According to the Forests Act 2005, all state and county Forest Association, Mr. Joseph Kiboi said that the communities forests have to be managed using a Participatory Forest Manage- had benefited from the Plantation Establishment and Livelihood ment Plan (PFMP) negotiated and agreed upon between Kenya Improvement Scheme (PELIS) ever since they started working Forest Service (KFS) and Community Forest Associations (CFAs) with KFS. He added that the members of his CFA who are mainly living adjacent to forests. After the PFMP is finalized, a legal subsistence farmers, had been empowered economically and contract which stipulates responsibilities and benefits for each were now at the forefront of rehabilitating and conserving their party is then signed to give effect to the PFMP. To this effect, KFS part of the Mt. Elgon Forest. recently signed over 15 Management agreements with commu- The agreements are very essential for the communities nities across the country which will go a long way in improv- as they came with many benefits including but not limited to ing conservation and management of our forests countrywide. collection of medicinal herbs, bee keeping, collection of wood Speaking at one of the functions where she presided over the fuel, grazing and grass harvesting. signing of 8 Participatory Forest Management Agreements, KFS The plans and agreements have enhanced the relation- Senior Deputy Director Support Services, Ms. Monicah Kalenda ship between KFS and the community as it allows for community thanked the CFA for working tirelessly to rehabilitate the for- participation, management and conservation of public forests. ests. She assured them that KFS will empower them with capac- Among other Forest Stations where management agreements ity building skills to develop other income generating activities. were signed include Castle, Muriganto, Lower Imenti, Chogoria, Sabor, Londiani, Koibatek, Nyangores, Olenguruone, Wire and Speaking elsewhere, the Chairman Saboti Community Kinale.

THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 GENERAL NEWS Fencing Ngong Road Forest

From L to R-Chase Bank Head of Brand and Marketing, Ms. Magdalene Mulandi, Ngong Road Forest Association Chairman, Mr.Simon Woods, Nairobi County HOC, Ms. Charity Munyasia and KFS Director, Mr. D.K. Mbugua

KFS joined the Ngong Road Forest Association, Chase took the opportunity to urge potential partners to join in and Bank and the community on 20th June 2014 as section one of be part of the change as they prepared to commence fencing fencing of the urban forest was launched. of other sections of the forest. The forest which is situated on the outskirts of Kenya’s capital, has been under constant threat of illegal poaching and Speaking at the event, KFS Director Mr. David Mbugua encroachment from private developers thus depleting the for- noted the need for forest conservation to support the com- est resources. The electric fencing will therefore provide secu- munities at large “As the community manage the ecotourism rity for users of the southern bypass and safeguard the forest development potential of Nairobi, once the revenue starts resource which serves as a source of employment for the com- streaming in; the beneficiaries are the communities” he said. munities adjacent to the forest. He noted that it was through fencing of the forest that maxi- mum benefits will be achieved. He encouraged the communi- Speaking during the launch, Ngong Forest Association ties to transform the forest from a plantation into a biodiver- Chairman Mr. Simon Woods noted that there was a need for sity hotspot through planting of indigenous trees, supporting urgent attention towards protecting the forest since it has the recreational sites and maintaining the aesthetic value which is potential to become a safe, self-sustaining and inclusive green typical of an urban forest. space in sustainable forest management. He emphasized the need for collaboration, “We hope to culture the support of all Also present at the event was Ms. Magdalene Mulandi the community living and working around the forest, as this from Chase Bank, who noted that the Bank was pleased to be forest is as much for them and their livelihood as it will be for a partner in this noble activity of giving back to the community those who wish to enjoy it purely for its recreational facilities, and being part of environmental conservation. such as walking, jogging and mountain biking.” he said. He also

KFS Partners with Konza Techno City to Increase Tree Cover

KFS and Konza Technopolis Development Authority will environmentally friendly. partner in planting 1000 tree seedlings in Konza City, Makueni The tree planting project will help in the creation of jobs County. The tree planting project is meant to improve the area’s for communities living around the area through hiring of cas- tree cover and also to beautify the ICT hub. uals from villages in the area and procuring of tree seedlings This project will be divided into phases with the first from nurseries in the area. This project will also play a vital role phase being launched in June of this year. This first phase will in supporting KFS’ target of attaining the 10% tree cover by the see the KONZA management authority plant 1000 tree seedlings year 2030. along the 9 km perimeter fence that boarders Mombasa road. This partnership is timely as KFS in the recent past Planting of trees in KONZA is part of the design plan of launched the Green Schools and Commercial Tree Growing pro- the ICT Hub that will house businesses, schools, a recreational ject in a bid to mobilize stakeholders to plant trees for a green park and residential houses. This is also one of the pillars in the economy. director of KODTA’s performance agreement to make the hub

10 THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 GENERAL NEWS

Assistant to the M.D Toyota Kenya, Sayoto Morita plants a tree along the southern by-pass, Nairobi.

Corporate Citizenship for Increased Tree Cover

Corporate Citizenship or Corporate Social Respon- one of their CSR activities. This can help improve an organiza- sibility (CSR) is a management concept whereby companies tion’s corporate image as they are seen to be environmental- integrate social and environmental concerns in their business ly conscious by the community. Planting of trees also helps in operations and interactions with their stakeholders. The tri- reducing an organization’s carbon footprint, thereby meeting ple-bottom-line approach defines CSR as the way through international standards. which a company achieves a balance of economic, environmental and social imperatives while at the same time address- KFS has been able to positively utilize the CSR concept in its ing the expectations of shareholders and stakeholders. mandate of increasing Kenya’s tree cover. This year alone, KFS has so far partnered with Kenya Electricity Transmission Co. As the world’s population increases, so does the pres- Ltd. (KETRACO) and Toyota Kenya in planting tree seedlings in sure on limited natural resources required to meet rising con- Ngong Road forest. In the month of May, both corporates have sumer demand (Grace and Cohen 2005, 147). Industrialization planted 1200 seedlings each in the 15ha of degraded site in especially in Africa is booming thanks to foreign investment the forest. Last year, KETRACO planted 1400 tree seedlings and and new technology. Most consumers are becoming more through its partnership with KFS, we have been able to achieve aware of the environmental and social implication of their pur- a 90% success rate. The organization promised to continue its chasing power and this has led them to want to be identified partnership with KFS and help in increasing Kenya’s tree cover. with organizations that are environmentally conscious. Through its partnership with KFS, Toyota Kenya aims In this industrial age where more companies are entering the to plant 5000 tree seedlings on 500ha of forest land in the next market and competing for a share of the market, companies 3 years as part of helping the Service in its mission to enhance need to come up with ways that can make them stand out from conservation and sustainable management of forests and al- the pack and attract even more clientele. More companies in lied resources for environmental stability and socio-economic Kenya are investing part of their resources in tree planting as development.

THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 11 GENERAL NEWS KENHA Fights Climate Change Through Planting of Trees Along Highways

Climate change is increasingly becoming evident in this century. We are experiencing droughts, flash floods, landslides and a variety of other phenomena. Unfortunately, these occur- rences are having a negative effect on our infrastructure. Roads and bridges are flooded once it rains and in some cases they are swept away by the flood waters. This has been witnessed a lot in arid and semi-arid areas (ASALs) where there is little or no vegetation to counter flood waters. This has seen the government divert money meant for development projects to repairing these roads and bridges. It is because of this that the Kenya National High- ways Authority (KENHA) has decided to incorporate tree planting into all its planning and road designs. The authority has to ensure that they take into consider- ation the impact of flash floods on all infrastructure being constructed. This is in line with the Climate Change Adaptation Ac- tion Point no. 5 of the National Climate Change Action Plan 2013 – 2017 on climate proofing all roads in ASAL areas in Kenya. These areas are prone to flash floods and if vegetation is not added to From L to R: KFS Head of Conservancy Nairobi County Charity Mun- yasia, Kenya National Highways Authority Director General Eng. them, flood waters will end up in non-ASAL areas. M.O Kidenda and China Roads & Bridges Corporation Project Man- As part of their corporate social responsibility activities, ager Shu Yi Lee water a tree planted along the newly constructe KENHA in partnership with China Roads and Bridge Corporation and KFS, planted trees along the newly constructed Ngong Road rector Mr. Kepha N.M. Oyara called upon all KENHA staff, interchange along the Southern By-pass. These trees are meant consultants and contractors to enhance their efforts and to not only beautify the area but also help in the fight against capacities in order to effectively work towards provision of climate change. By planting trees along the roads, KENHA is con- green roads and contribute to making lives green. tributing towards achieving the 10% tree cover as envisioned in Vision 2030. Speaking on behalf of the KENHA board, board di-

KFS Participates in KEFRI Open Day

Kenya Forest Service, Kenya Forest Research Institute and other stakeholders came together to mark the KEFRI Open Day on 16th May, 2014 at Karura, off Kiambu road in an effort to conserve the environment with the running theme, ‘Efficient Technologies in Processing and Utilization of Forest Products’. The occasion was well attended by primary school children, university students and people from all walks of life. KFS advocates for the conservation of trees through the KFS Forester Charles Utolo (left) explains a point to visitors at the KFS use of improved charcoal production techniques. The main en- stand during the KEFRI Open Day. ergy saving techniques on display included: the use of the im- palm tree which produce ‘mabuyu’ and dates respectively were proved earth kiln, casame kiln, drum kiln and portable metal used as an example of food products that come from trees. Bee kiln. The benefits associated with the use of the kilns include keepers were not left behind as they displayed honey and wax use of less wood thus saving our forests, employment opportu- from bees that they keep in forest areas, thus using the forest nities for the youth and less carbon dioxide transmission to the for income generating activities without causing destruction to environment during the charcoal making process. Other com- the environment. mercial farm forestry exhibits on display were tree products KFS staff were readily at hand to answer questions from such as tables and stools made from bamboo. Various herbal the members of the public regarding different services provided products from different trees like the Neem tree and Aloe Vera and ways in which we can all help in conservation of Kenya’s were also part of the exhibits. The Baobab tree and Date fores

12 THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 GENERAL NEWS Commercial Bamboo Farming in Kenya

Bamboo Shoots

Bamboo is the fastest growing plant in the world with more due to its favorable climate. Bamboo farming requires less studies showing that the plant can grow to at least 20 meters water for the plant to grow and also does not require fertilizer in three months given the right conditions. The plant is said to for it to flourish. Bamboo plants have significant ecological and employ about 1.5 billion people in the world with the indus- commercial advantages. try estimated to rack in US $ 11 billion annually. China is the Bamboo is one of the best plants that can be used in largest producer of bamboo in the world accounting for 80% the mitigation of climate change. This is because of its ability of the world’s production but only consume 60% of what they to absorb large amounts of carbon from the air. The bamboo produce and export the rest. In Africa, Ethiopia is the largest plant also has an extensive network of roots that hold the soil producer of bamboo and bamboo products accounting for 1/3 and prevent it from being eroded making it ideal for holding of what is produced in the continent. This equates to 1 million river banks. hectares of the plant. Bamboo in various forms has been known to be used In the 1940, large tracts of forest land were cleared by in various industries. In the construction industry, bamboo has the colonial government in Kenya for large scale agriculture been used for centuries in Asia and parts of South America in and by the 1980s, this began to have a negative impact on the the construction of houses. Good quality bamboo that is said environment. This is because not only were they clearing the to be stronger than steel, can be used with cement in the con- trees but they were also cutting down the bamboo forests at an struction of skyscrapers. Bamboo can also be used in scaffolding unsustainable rate. In order for the government to curb the de- during construction due to its ability to withstand heavy weight. struction of the bamboo forests, the then President Daniel arap It is also used in the manufacturing of flooring as it is appealing Moi issued a directive banning the cutting down of indigenous and easy to clean. Bamboo can also be used in the manufactur- bamboo, a directive that still stands to this day. ing of roofing tiles and wall paneling. Split bamboo culms can Kenya has an estimated 150,000 hectares of bamboo also be used as gutters for water harvesting. Bamboo has also and 95% of this is under the protection of the government. been used in Asia and in Africa for fencing homesteads and cre- This is because bamboo farming is a relatively new venture in ating boundaries in farms... the country, yet the country has the potential to produce much .

Bamboo products Bamboo products

THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 13 GENERAL NEWS Commercial Bamboo Farming in Kenya

...In farming, bamboo has long being used in making help create jobs for the youth in the country and provide a good farm tool handles, increasing support for plants such as banan- source of income for the farmer. Bamboo is used in the manu- as and also as props in horticultural farming of legumes and facture of paper, chopsticks, toothpicks, household utensils and flowers. Bamboo culms can also be used as water pipes for ir- musical instruments and thus could contribute to the preserva- rigating farm lands. tion of Kenya’s forests. Bamboo shoots are used in Asian cuisine as they have KEFRI has also been conducting research on design and been proven to contain large amounts of potassium and vita- production of bamboo products. They are involved in the train- mins. Consumption of bamboo shoots by children has been ing of artisans on the production of quality products and this proven to shorten the measles’ cycle. While cooking, bamboo has helped in creating job opportunities among the youth of is a used among many Asian cultures for placing the food in the this country. KEFRI has been involved in researching the differ- hollow part of the bamboo. This is because it gives the food a ent species that can be planted in different parts of the country subtle but distinctive taste. for profit maximization. Bamboo has been used for thousands of years in Chinese medicine in the treatment of infections. Its shavings can be Due to its high growth rate, and its many uses, bam- used in the treatment of coughs, stomach upsets, nausea and boo farming can be a very lucrative industry in Kenya. It has many other minor ailments. Recent scientific research indicates the potential of creating new job opportunities in Kenya and that bamboo can be used in the prevention of cancer, increase contribute to Kenya’s G.D.P. In Kenya, KFS has partnered with weight loss among obese people, improve one’s appetite and KEFRI and Nyayo Tea Zone Development Corporation to plant digestion and also in the treatment of hypertension. 25 hectares of bamboo to be used in the curing of tea. This will Due to its rapid growth rate, bamboo can be a wonderful help in the reduction of energy costs by the corporation and alternative to firewood as a traditional source of fuel. It can also the villages around its tea zones and at the same time conserve be converted to charcoal, briquettes and biodiesel that can be forests. The Service has also established bamboo nurseries that used as a source of fuel for homes and even industries. supply seedlings to the surrounding communities. Bamboo can also be used in the manufacture of high quality and aesthetically pleasing furniture. This can in turn

Celebrating Earth Day

Forests in Kenya play a critical role in the provision of The focus of Earth Day this year is urban revitalization wood fuel for domestic demand, mitigation of climate change, through the theme ‘Green Cities’. According to the United Na- and are a source of income from provision and sale of timber, tions, more than half of the world’s population lives in cities and pulpwood, charcoal and resin. by 2050, some 6.3 billion people will be living in urban areas. In Earth day is celebrated annually on April 22nd to support en- addition, there are at least one billion urban farmers and gar- vironmental protection and promote the understanding of deners around the world, providing food and nutrition to poor biological diversity for the benefit and sustainability of life on and wealthy consumers alike. earth. Kenya Forest Service has been at the forefront of this These initiatives will ensure individuals and particular- noble cause and has been collaborating with Mother Earth Net- ly communities at large, live in harmony with the environment, work, Nairobi County Government, Nairobi Waterfall Conserv- through mitigation of climate change and also for economic ancy, CLUSA, Community Without Borders, TARDA and youth growth. KFS has been successful in these initiatives through groups in Dandora to rehabilitate the infamous Nairobi River. community participation; where communities living adjacent The event that took place at the Dandora waterfall, created a to forests are empowered and sensitized on the need to plant great platform for conservation and awareness creation through trees around their homes to reduce pressure on forests and tree planting to conserve natural resources for future genera- take part in developmental projects towards improving their tions. Over 300 seedlings were planted to mark the occasion. living standards.

14 THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 GENERAL NEWS

Ecosystem Conservator Kilifi County; Christopher Maina explains a point to World Environment Day visitors during the marking of the World Environment Day in Kilifi County.

KFS joined other organizations and stakeholders in cel- of a 7% forest cover based on current assessments. ebrating World Environment Day in Ngomeni Primary School, Kilifi County on 5th June 2014. This day is celebrated annually in The establishment of Community Forest Associations efforts to encourage the global community to realize the impor- has further increased the participation of local communities in tance of the environment to mankind and the need to conserve tree planting, consequently enhancing ownership in environ- the same so as to mitigate rising sea levels and submergence. mental conservation. The operations of CFA’s in Kilifi County among others, have enhanced protection of Mangrove forests The event themed “Raise your voice, not the sea level” and also improved the living standards of communities adjacent was focused on effects of climate change on small islands and to the forests. low lying coastal regions which are at risk of being submerged, thus threatening their survival. The day was also celebrated on 6th June at Dandora Sec- ondary School where participants planted over 400 seedlings. Trees serve as carbon sinks thus mitigating global warm- Speaking during the event Nairobi Senior forest Officer Ms. ing, and KFS is spearheading various initiatives towards tree Joyce Nthuku emphasized the need to grow trees both for con- planting at all levels through diverse partnerships. KFS has been servation and commercial purposes. She emphasized the need engaging schools through partnership with the Ministry of Ed- for stakeholder participation which has been instrumental in ucation, to promote tree planting in schools dubbed, ‘Greening helping the Service attain the current tree cover of 7%. Schools Programme’. This programme will enhance forest cover and carbon sinks, as the student population has the potential It is therefore critical that we all learn the need to pro- to ensure survival of the seedlings. tect our environment through sustainable use of our resources by practicing the 3R’s; reduce, reuse and recycle thus conserv- KFS has been promoting increased forest cover in the ing our environment. country, aimed at attaining the recommended International Standard of 10% of the territorial area of any country to be under tree cover. Through the efforts of KFS, the country now boasts

Through the efforts of KFS, the country now boasts of a 7% forest cover based on current assessments.

THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 15 PICTORIALS

From left: Rhino Ark Chairman of Trustees Michael Karanja, KFS Board Chairman Peter Kirigua, Kenya Water Towers CEO Francis Ole Nkake, KWS Deputy Director Robert Njue and Executive Director Rhino Ark Christian Lambarechts, present a cheque of Kshs. 102million, the amount that was raised during this year’s Rhino Charge event.

From L to R: KFS Director Mr. D.K Mbugua, Ngong Road Forest Association The KFS team participates at this year’s KESAL event. The team emerged Chariman Mr. Simon Woods and Chase Bank Head of Brand & Marketing 2nd in the Bush Race category. Ms. Magdalene Mulandi cut a ribbon at the Ngong Forest.

Nairobi Senior Forest Officer Ms. Joyce Nthuku (left) explains a point to KFS Director Mr. D.K Mbugua and Chairman Friends of Karura CFA Prof. Her Excellency The First Lady Mrs. Margaret Kenyatta during a prize giving Karanja Njoroge stand in front of a Karura Forest poster during the United day at State House Girls, Nairobi as the school’s Principal Mrs. Joan Muoti Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA) conference at the UN offices in looks on. Nairobi.

From L to R: Col. (Rtd.) J.N Kimani, Commandant; ENCOM, Rt. Rev. Bishop Kamau; In-charge Embu Diocese, Col. (Rtd.) Stephen Muigai; Regional Commandant Eastern Conservancy and Rt. Rev. Bishop Salesius Mugambi; Bishop In-charge Uniformed Disciplined Forces, plant a tree at the Catholic Cathedral, Mugoya.

16 THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 PICTORIALS

Front Row from L to R: Father In-charge Embu Catholic Cathedral, National Coordinator Uniformed Disciplined Forces Chaplaincy; Father Peter Kimani, Commandant ENCOM; Col. (Rtd.) J.N Kimani, Presiding Bishop In-charge of Uniformed Disciplined Forces; Rt. Rev. Bishop Salesius Mugambi, and other guests as well as KFS staff pose for a photo outside the Catholic Cathedral, Mugoya.

From left: Machakos County Executive for Environment Joshua Musili, National Bank CEO Munir Ahmed, BAT’s Jerry Gilbert and KFS Board South Korea Ambassador to Kenya Choi Donggyou Chairman Peter Kirigua water a tree planted at Eng. Shem Oduor Noah and KFS Board Chairman plants a tree during a tree planting event at Karera the Machakos People’s Park, during the launch Peter Kirigua water a tree planted at the United Forest, Kiambu County. Looking on is KFS Director of a tree planting exercise by the Kenya @ 50 Kenya Club during the Club Night. D.K Mbugua. Secretariat.

KFS Chairman Peter Kirigua (seated at the centre) and the Kenya at 50 Secretariat Communications Director Hussein Mohammed pose for a photo with Stake- holders during the tree planting exercise at the People’s Park, Machakos

THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 17 GENERAL NEWS Development of Nairobi County Forestry Master Plan

Kenya Forest Service is seeking to develop an Urban plans to make the residential and commercial buildings greener. Forestry Master Plan for Nairobi County. This Master Plan will Some of the issues raised by the participants and KFS officials, help in greening the city and making it more attractive to its other forestry representatives and Nairobi County government residents and also to foreign investors. Speaking during a fo- representatives, were the lack of availability of information on rum hosted by KFS and attended by stakeholders in the envi- the preferred species that would be planted to ensure their ronment and forestry sectors, Nairobi Ecosystem Conservator survival and design uniformity. Participants also wanted KFS to Stephen Kahunyo emphasized the need for all to be involved consult the county’s physical planning map and maps of the sat- in the development of the Master Plan, in order for the coun- ellite towns around the county to identify the best areas where ty to be a leader in sustainable development. tree planting would be carried out.

His sentiments were emphasized by the HOC Nairobi During the forum, it was agreed that a consultant County, Charity Munyasia. These Master Plans will be aligned would be hired for the task of collecting and reviewing data that with the new constitution and the Nairobi County Government will be used in drafting the Master Plan. Different stakeholders Master Plan that is in its final stages. The Urban Forestry Master promised to commit their time and resources towards helping Plan will involve identifying correct tree species to be planted KFS in drafting this important Master Plan. in different locations around the county, maintenance of these trees and the partners who will be involved in the maintenance of these trees.

The forum gave attendees an opportunity to look at design case studies from Malaysia, which has developed and implemented a successful urban forestry Master Plan. The Mas- ter Plan that is being proposed will see Nairobi’s county design plan and also new architectural designs, include trees into their

World Bioenergy Conference 2014

World Bioenergy conference is held every two years dustry, but also the forestry industry which has great potential and brings together stakeholders from the bioenergy sector. both for the efficient use of by-products and for dedicated en- This year over 50 countries converged at Elmia in Jönköping, ergy production. Sweden from 3rd to 5th June, 2014 to present and learn about KFS has been involved in these noble activities par- innovations in the energy sector. ticularly empowering communities living adjacent to forests to The conference which began in 2004 offers a multitude embrace conservation and be in the know regarding matters of interesting field trips and workshops in a bid to enlighten the pertaining to climate change both for individual gain and also participants from a know how attitude to a show how attitude. for environmental sustainability and energy production. The The conference which celebrated its tenth anniversary this Service has therefore enhanced promotion of renewable ener- year was focused on creating jobs, raising people out of pov- gy technologies since approximately 70% of Kenyans depend on erty and slowing down climate change. The workshop has wood fuel for domestic use. This involves alternative energy use overtime established a meeting place for the international ex- such as biogas and energy saving jikos which has reduced pres- change of knowledge and experience in the bioenergy sector. sure from trees. It has demonstrated that bioenergy is an industry of the future These technologies if embraced will slow down acts through the influence on development changes and improving of deforestation and maximize on the forests’ role of mitigat- livelihoods in the respective countries of the participants. ing climate change, as well as improving living standards of the In many parts of the world, energy supply is being diversified to beneficiaries. reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provide greater energy security. The conference was not only graced by the energy in-

18 THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 GENERAL NEWS 2014 KFS Golf Days

Ministry of Environment, Water and Natural Resources Senior Director of Administration Amb. Julius K. Kandie receives the Hidden Hole award from the Nakuru Golf Club Chairman Mr. Michael Kandie at the Nakuru Golf Club.

Samuel Wachira produced a fine round of golf to Antony Kabucho playing off handicap 16 was the men’s winner emerge the overall winner of the Chairman’s prize that was scoring 43 points, 21 points in the 1st nine and 22 points in the sponsored by Kenya Forest Service on Saturday 26th April, 2014 second nine. The men’s runner up prize went to Patrick Kingori at the Nakuru Golf Club. The tournament was termed one of playing off handicap 1 with a total of 41 points. The 3rd men’s the most difficult as members complained of a tough course prize went to handicap 26 Dr. Isaack Chirugu who returned a but this did not deter Mr. Wachira who playing off handicap 12, score of 40 points. posted a total of 39 stableford points, posting 19 points on the The ladies prize was won by handicap 36 Dorcas Njogu 1st nine and 20 points on the 2nd nine to claim the overall prize. who scored 20 points on the 1st nine and 22 points in the 2nd Wachira could not hide his joy after winning the overall award. nine for a total of 42 points. The Senior Deputy Secretary Natu- ral Resources, Ministry of Environment, Water and Natural Re- The staff winner’s prize went to KFS Chief Corporate sources Mr. Onesmus F. Kibuna won the Sponsors prize with 30 Communications Officer Charles Ngunjiri who posted 28 points points 20 in the 1st nine and 10 in the 2nd nine while KFS’ Chief and was followed by the Principal Kenya Forestry College, Prof. Communication Officer Charles Ngunjiri who is also the captain Donald Ogweno who posted 21 stableford points. The lady’s of the club was the runner up with 28 points. prize was won by Wangui Kimani who returned a score of 35 points. Speaking on behalf of the KFS Director, Prof. Ogweno In the Director’s speech read on his behalf by the said that he was pleased with the partnership between KFS and Senior Deputy Secretary Natural Resources at the Ministry of Nakuru Golf Club as it is a club that the Service holds dear seeing Environment, Water and Natural Resources at the prize giving as it usually marks the start of the annual Kenya Forest Service ceremony, he emphasized the government’s efforts of increas- Golf Series. He was also impressed by the amount of tree planting the tree cover to 10% by the year 2030 as stipulated in the ing that is happening at the club and added that he was looking constitution. He praised the Thika Sports Club for its efforts in forward to working with the club in the future.“Tree planting is planting more trees and those of different species. Also present not just for environmental conservation, but it is also a great was the KFS Deputy Director Forest Extension Services, Mr. Pat- commercial opportunity that must be explored,” he said. rick Kariuki and Head of Corporate Communications, Ms. Anne Kaari. Elsewhere at the Thika Sports Club, Betty Mutua produced a stunning round of golf to win the overall award of the Kenya Forest Service Golf Day tournament played on Saturday 24th May 2014. Playing off handicap 24, Betty posted 20 points in the 1st nine and 24 points in the 2nd nine for an impressive score of 44 points in a field graced by 184 golfers. Betty could not hide her joy of being the overall winner and attributed her impressive performance to lots of practice and playing with a great team that motivated her to play well. KFS Deputy Director Forest Extension Services Mr. Patrick Kariuki presents the Lady's Prize to Dorcas Njogu at the Thika Golf Club.

THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 19 PROJECT NEWS Redd+ Implementation in Kenya

Past attempts to increase forest cover and address the these efforts. The Ministry of Environment, Water and Natural problem of deforestation and forest degradation in the coun- Resources, through Kenya Forest Service, coordinates the Read- try have not been very successful, undermined by among oth- iness process in the country. A number of activities are currently ers the increasing demand for land for agriculture, settlement going on in the country to support efforts to design, develop and other developments, high energy demand and inadequate and apply strategies and programs to reduce emissions and en- funding to support investments in the forestry sector. Unre- hance carbon sink capacities of forest ecosystems. sponsive policy and poor governance in the forestry sector have In addition, significant policy, legislative and institution- often in the past compounded these problems. al changes have occurred over the last few years in Kenya that REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and complement the REDD+ efforts in the country. The Constitution, forest Degradation), and the role of conservation, sustainable National Development Plan (Vision 2030), The Arid and Semi management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon Arid Lands (ASALs) Policy, the National Land, Energy, Agricul- stocks, presents a great opportunity to reverse the negative ture Policies, and the National Climate Change Response Strat- trend by providing innovative approaches, including incentives egy and Action Plan, identify forestry as one of the key sectors that support implementation of a comprehensive strategy that for delivering national sustainable development and climate effectively supports sustainable management and conservation change goals. The Environment and Forest Policies and support- of existing forested areas and at the same time reduce forest ing legislation are also under review to align them with the Con- sector carbon emissions. REDD+ is a climate change mitigation stitution and to embrace emerging issues like climate change, process which seeks to provide compensation to governments, participatory management and REDD. communities, companies or individuals in developing tropical Kenya Forest Service has also undergone significant countries for actions taken to reduce GHG emissions from the transformation, in line with the Forest Act 2005, to embrace forest sector. REDD+ seeks to create value for the carbon stored a modern, decentralized and transparent approach to forest in forests. management that ensures full participation of stakeholders. REDD+ implementation will involve the design and ap- The World Bank, UNDP and the Finnish Government have sig- plication of appropriate land and forest management practices, nificantly supported forestry conservation efforts in the dry including enhanced forest sector governance, to reduce de- lands, aware that these areas hold most of the country’s forest forestation and forest degradation and to support conservation resources, and equally hold the greatest potential for reducing and sustainable management of available forest resources. The carbon emissions and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), the UN-REDD pro- The REDD+ readiness process should reinforce these activities grammes and other bilateral supported programmes have been and future sector engagements. instrumental in providing technical and financial support for

Construction of County Offices by MMMB Miti Mingi Maisha Bora (MMMB) is a programme under the Ken- pressed her delight at the Project’s support of KFS. She said that ya Forest Service that is funded by the Government of Finland, the project intends to build ultra modern facilities that will last whose main aim is to support the forest sector in the country. for years to come. She also encouraged the contractors to give One of its main agendas is to build and equip offices for KFS. their best and add a personal touch to the facilities. The Finnish In its 2013-2014 work plan, the Project intends to build KFS Government is also pleased with the Project and has pledged to county offices mainly targeting the Head of Conservancies of- build even more offices for the organization in future. fices. The conservancies that have been targeted are the Head of Conservancy’s office in Isiolo County, Head of Conservancy’s office in Kisumu County and the Kwale County office. This is to be done through the structures that already exist at KFS. The construction of the county offices is expected to be completed in a span of 6months. The Project will also fully equip the offices with modern equipment. Previously constructed offices include the Head of Conservancy North Rift office in Uasin Gishu County, Head of Conservancy North Eastern office in Garissa County and the Head of Conserv- ancy Nairobi County Office which are already complete. From left: Kwale Ecosystem Conservator Ms. Nafasi Mfahaya and MMMB Project Manager Zipporah Toroitich hand over drawings for the new county The Project Manager of MMMB Mrs. Zipporah Toroitich has ex- offices to the contractor who will construct the offices.

20 THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 PROJECT NEWS Ethiopian Delegation Pays a Visit to SCBFFE Projects

KFS through the SCBFFE project played host to a delegation from Ethiopia who were in the country to learn about what the service is doing to help farmers improve their livelihoods through the Farmer Field Schools. The delegation rep- resented the Sustainable Natural Resource Management Pro- ject in the Rift Valley Area of Oromia Region in Ethiopia. This is a JICA funded project which is aimed at improving natural resources in the target area using the FFS approach. The KFS SDD Field Operations, Mr. Emilio Mugo gave the delegation a brief overview of what KFS is doing to conserve and sustainably manage forest resources. He noted that in 2010, a new constitution was promulgated and a new system of governance emerged; that of the national government and the county government. Therefore the KFS Acts KFS Senior Deputy Director; Field Operations Mr. Emilio Mugo gifts SNRM and Policies are currently being aligned to fit into the new Project Team Leader Mr. Shinji Ogawa during a visit to the KFS Headquarters offices, as the SCBFFE Project Manager Jane Ndeti and the Assistant Direc- constitutional dispensation. Mr. Mugo also emphasized that tor; Biomass Energy Jim Okuto look on. policies must respond to regional, national and international the FFS famers are able to improve their livelihoods by start- agreements. ing income generating activities. KFS’ SCBFFE Project Manager Ms. Jane Ndeti while speaking during the visit to the service’s headquarters, said The Ethiopian delegation had a chance to visit success- that Farmer Field Schools came up as a result of the need ful FFS projects such as Ufunguo FFS in Miambani (Kitui), Nee- to improve rural livelihoods through promotion of farm and ma FFS in Mbeere (Embu) and they also visited a graduated trust lands, tree planting and tree based enterprise. Through Farm Forestry Farmer, Mr.Jacob Njiru’s farm in Embu County. GZDSP Strengthens Community Participation in Forest Management the management of forest resources as management agreement as from 14th required by the Forest Act 2005 section April 2014 to 24th April 2014. The oc- 46 which outlines community participa- casions were presided over by the Sen- tion in forest management. ior Deputy Director-Field Operations GZDSP (Green Zones Develop- Mr. Emilio Mugo, Senior Deputy Direc- ment Support Project) has supported tor-Corporate Services Ms. Monica Kal- the preparation of 24 Participatory For- enda, Deputy Director-Forest Extension est Management Plans and agreements Services Mr. Patrick Kariuki and Deputy for 24 forest stations within the project Director–Forest Conservation and Man- area since its inception. The preparation agement Mr. Esau Omollo on behalf of

KFS Deputy Director; Forest Conservation and of these management plans involved the Director. The colorful ceremonies Management Esau Omollo handing over a copy the participation of all stakeholders and were conducted at the respective Forest of the agreement to the GZDSP Project Manager more so the Community Forest Associa- Stations. Jerome Mwanzia. tions. After the approval of the PFMP, the In their speeches, the Chief Guests The Forest Act 2005 section 35 management agreements are negotiat- encouraged the CFA members to contin- requires that every state forest, local ed and entered between the Director of ue cooperating and partnering with KFS authority forest and provisional forest Forest and the Community Forest Asso- in conserving and protecting forests for be managed in accordance with a man- ciation. These management agreements the benefit of all. The occasions were also agement plan. The act also requires that spell out the roles and responsibilities of graced by donor representatives, County in preparing and adopting such manage- the parties involved in the management Government representatives, Provincial ment plans, the Kenya Forest Service or and conservation of the forest. They also Administration and Chairpersons of the the local authority shall consult with the confer upon the Community Forest Asso- Community Forest Associations as well local forest committee. The purposes of ciation some forest user rights. as hundreds of forest adjacent commu- these participatory forest management The GZSDP supported the launch nities. plans are to involve all stake holders in of 15 management plans and signing of

THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 21 COMMENTARY Watershed Management by Col. (Rtd.) J.N KIMANI

Management was held in Arizona, USA from 23rd March to 12th April, 2014 to explore innovative approaches to better practices in watershed management. Basically, Watershed Management is the practice of systematic and comprehensive protection of the quality and quantity of the water resources within a drain- age basin. The International Watershed Management Seminar is an annual event that is organized by the US Forest Service: Depart- Col. (Rtd.) J.N Kimani; Commandant-ENCOM (second from right) at a work- ment of Agriculture, with a view to promote Sustainable Forest shop on Watershed Management in the U.S Management and Biodiversity Conservation. While at the sem- Watershed is a region delineated with a well defined top- inar, it came out evidently that partnership and alliances, gov- ographic boundary and water outlet. It is a geographic region ernment support, involvement of local communities, identifica- within which hydrological conditions are such that water be- tion of techniques and skills of solving problems and developing comes concentrated within a particular location, for example a of strategies and action plans are some of the approaches to river or reservoir by which the watershed is drained. The major manage watersheds. The attendees from 21 countries all over watersheds we have in Kenya are: Aberdares Ecosystem, Mount the world who attended this seminar undertook field visits to Kenya Ecosystem, Mount Elgon Ecosystem, Mau Ecosystem, and Phoenix, Safford, along Colorado River, Roosevelt Dam and Flag- Cherangani Ecosystem. Watersheds sustain life, in more ways staff all within Arizona. than one. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, As the seminar came to closure, the effects of not pro- more than $450 billion in foods, fiber, manufactured goods and tecting watersheds were worrisome and called for better pro- tourism depend on clean, healthy watersheds. tection and professional management of watersheds, not only Healthy watershed provides many of us with drinking by the forest officers but also by the support of other profes- water, recreational opportunities and aesthetic beauty. How- sionals such as hydrologists, soil scientists, local inhabitants, ever, there are problems facing watersheds all over the world. and urban inhabitants for better management. There is also For instance, some of the problems we experience are develop- need to support those who live upstream so that they do not ment of industries, interruption of water flow, development of conduct activities which could interfere with the flow of water. urban centers, and invasion of alien species just to name a few. The writer is the Commandant KFS: Enforcement and It is for this reason that the International Seminar on Watershed Compliance Division (ENCOM)

Whose Responsibility Is It? by Monicah Ruto to conserve them, and ultimately to work towards a sustainable way to maintain our forests and meet our needs at the same time. The Bible teaches us that God is not only redeeming his people, but He is also restoring the whole of creation (Rom. 8:18-23). Just as we show our love for the Savior by reaching out to the lost, we believe that we also show our love for the Creator by caring for his creation. Because clean air, pure water, and adequate resources are crucial to public health and civic order, the government has an obligation to protect its citizens from the effects of environmental degradation. This involves the urgent need to relieve human suffering caused by bad environ- Forests are some of the most important natural resourc- mental practices. Because natural systems are extremely comes that have been gifted to mankind for their sustained existence plex, human actions can have unexpected side effects. We must on earth. Without question, they provide us with huge amounts therefore approach our stewardship of creation with humility of tangible and intangible benefits, without which indeed, all life, and caution. less to say human life, would fall under risk of extinction. It is Why then do we allow our actions to ruin the future for therefore vital for us to realize the importance of forest cover,

22 THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 COMMENTARY

....posterity when the command was so clear? Do we must be designed to conserve and renew the earth rather than stop to look at our actions when we clear that forest? When we to deplete or destroy it. throw plastics all over? When we cultivate river banks? When Planting God’s Trees we build our houses along the river’s course? “In the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the As we embrace our responsibility to care for God’s earth, tree of the knowledge of good and evil.” We are all responsible we reaffirm the important truth that the worship of the Creator for maintaining the environment so let’s go back to the original will be evident through nurturing of His creation. God entrusted plan and plant tress where birds can nest and bring forth their the care of his earth and its species upon our first parents. That nestlings and balance the ecosystem. In one command, the Bi- responsibility has passed down to our hands. We affirm that ble gives an excellent ecological principle: “If you come across God-given dominion is a sacred responsibility to steward the a bird’s nest beside the road, either on a tree or on the ground earth and not a license to abuse the creation of which we are a and the mother was sitting on the young or on the eggs, do not part. We are not the owners of creation, but simply its stewards, take the mother with her young.” summoned by God to “watch over and care for it” (Gen. 2:15). This implies the principle of sustainability: our uses of the earth

No Longer A Liquor Slave Sgt Tito Okello

Whenever one of us becomes a victim of alcohol and drug ad- liquor slave. His children were yearning for a responsible father diction, he or she not only becomes a liability to himself but but he was not there for them. He was again transferred dis- also to his family and the entire organization. According to the honorably to another station to save face. He was like a ball; an ‘online free dictionary’, drug abuse is defined as the self-admin- analogy of a problem being passed from one Station to another istration of drugs without any medical reason. Whether it is a with no one able to stop the ball from rolling. cigarette, alcohol, ‘bhang’ or sniffing of glue, it begins as a lei- In his file, he had by then received numerous warning letters of sure escapade only to enslave its unsuspecting victim. Addiction imminent dismissal. Left alone and miserable by his wife and sneaks in like a ghost in the night and the brunt bared is huge: friends, he bowed to pressure and decided to quit alcohol but spousal divorce, loss of friends, career, finances and life. The this would only last for two weeks before a heavy relapse. He challenge is: how do we save the victims of drug abuse? A crav- would soon be transferred to another station where he had to ing in most cases doesn’t go away overnight but only when bat- contend with being in cold police cells for drunken and disor- tled consistently over time until full rehabilitation is achieved. derly behavior. One day while he was on duty, he was involved Many people have tried quitting alcohol but they often stumble, in a grisly accident while under the influence of drugs and was while others have had no courage to try quitting it but for *Pe- left for dead at the hospital. Even in such critical condition, his ter, a story is told. friends would still sneak in liquor for him in a show of comrade- *Peter is a ranger attached to one of the outposts of KFS. Like ship. They completely ignored the fact that he was convalescing any other bottle lover, he was initiated into drugs and alcohol from the injuries and that any more alcohol would only hasten through peer influence more than 10 years ago as a young Na- him to the grave. tional Youth Service recruit before joining the former Forest Given his grave bound life and the pathetic state of his young Department. His first deployment saw him join the destructive family, he heard the beseeching voice of his wife and the doctor. ‘members club’. His thirst for drugs grew systematically but un- This would be his turning point as he made the difficult decision controllably and depending on his pocket, he would either par- to quit alcohol. For now, he is trying to keep up with the Jone- take of wine, beer or illicit brews (chang’aa) apart from smoking ses. “Since then, life has been better. We have managed to do in cigarettes and bhang. This affected his commitment to duty and three years what we couldn’t do in 10”, his wife confessed in our strained his relationship with his supervisors. He had graduat- interview with her. This bold step surprised many who shared in ed from a moderate consumer to an abuser of alcohol and was the memory of *Peter’s drunken past. now wholly dependent on it. The first sip had led to another and My clarion call to those who are still enslaved in alcoholism is another and consequently to every other. to confront their fears. Seek help from specialists and reformed To save him from peer influence, he was transferred to another colleagues. If you stumble, get up, dust off your coat and keep station where he only managed to quit smoking cigarettes and walking towards your sobriety. It is time we stand up and cam- bhang but degenerated further into alcoholism. This would then paign against alcoholism that has continued to corrode our spill over to his young family. *Peter admits to have abdicated rank. his fatherly and husbandly responsibilities as he had become a {* not his real name}

23 STATION PROFILE Shamanek Forest Station

A section of Shamanek Forest Station

Located about 10km from the world famous Thompson vantage viewpoints from where one can view the Great Rift Val- Falls in Nyahururu Laikipia County, Shamanek Forest covers ap- ley and it provides ideal high altitude athletic training grounds proximately 1,840.5 ha. The forest combines both indigenous due to its high elevation. and plantation forest. Plantation forest mainly consists of forest With its proximity to the Aberdare Ranges, Thompson plantations of cyprus while the natural forest is made up of Olea Falls and Nyahururu town, Shamanek Forest is strategically locat- Africana (Wild Olive), Juniperus procera (East African Cedar), ed to tap into the high number of local and international tourists Podocarpus, and Prunus Africana (Red Stinkwood) tree species. and bring in more income to the people in that area. Sandalwood is also found in the forest valleys. Due to its location on the lee way side of Mt. Kenya, the forest is in a dry area with average rainfall of about 900 mm per annum with long rains falling between March and May and short rains between October and November. The coldest months are in July and August. Shamanek forest is part of the larger Marmanet forest that is also made up of the North and South Marmanet forests in the county. It was previously part of the Ewaso Narok block of the South Marmanet forest. The forest acts as one of the major sources of water from Lake Bogoria in Baringo County, and is also home to streams and springs that feed Matharara and Igwamiti rivers. The forest is managed by a forest manager who works with the Shamanek Community Forest Association in conserving the forest. The community in and around the area helps KFS with pruning the Cyprus trees in the plantations in order to help produce high quality timber once harvested. The CFA is also in talks with KFS to put up bandas that can attract tourists to the forest as part of the ecotourism venture that KFS is promoting. KFS has also partnered with corporate partners towards rehabilitating the forest. For instance in the year 2013, Royal Media Services and Cooper Kenya Limited helped KFS in planting trees in the forest. The forest has the potential of being a world famous eco-tourism site with its numerous waterfalls, nature trails, deep valleys and high grounds for avid hikers and nature lovers. It is home to elephants, baboons, Columbus monkeys, wild pigs, an- telopes, hares, hyrax and hyenas and is a potential site for bird watching due to its high number of bird species. The forest has Igwamiti Waterfalls in Shamanek Forest

24 THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 STAFF NEWS KFS Commandant Awarded

said that the organization made the decision to award the Com- mandant because of the significant role he has played so far in protecting and conserving the environment, particularly in the Mau and Cherangany areas, amongst others. The Commandant has continuously rallied his forces to ensure that our forests are well protected and without the KFS rangers, this process would have been impossible. Through his efforts together with that of the entire KFS, the forest cover has Col. (Rtd.) John Kimani been reversed from the staggering 1.9 percent to now well over 6.9 percent. Col. (Rtd) J.N. Kimani was on 29th January, 2014 awarded a certificate by the Green Hand Organization, in honor of his- ex Green Hand Organization (GHO) is a duly registered body emplary work in environmental conservation. under the Societies Act of Kenya, whose main objective is to pro- While accepting the award at his office at the KFS Head- tect and conserve the environment. GHO was registered in 2009 quarters, he stated that he was not receiving the award just for and has been carrying out various activities towards protecting himself as it was not his efforts alone, but also on behalf of the of and conserving the environment. GHO has participated in vari- the forest managers, forest rangers and all the men and women ous tree planting exercises organized by KFS in the Mau, Macha- who are working tirelessly towards forest conservation. kos and Karura areas just to name a few. Green Hand Organization founder Mr. Hilary Kiprop Rutto

HIV/AIDS in Kenya

According to UNAIDS; HIV/AIDS prevalence in Kenya remains of Health, courtesy of the HR Welfare and Benefits Office, who high and is categorized as generalized – meaning that it affects carried out a sensitization talk where some of the topics dis- all sectors of the population. HIV/AIDS continues to erode much cussed were stigma and discrimination in the workplace, em- of development gains, undermining the economy and desta- ployee rights with regards to their HIV status, dealing with HIV/ bilizing societies. This is mainly so because it affects people in AIDS among married couples, importance of knowing one’s HIV their prime years of life, the hardest hit being between the age status, best prevention measures, and so on. of 15-49 years. Mr. Patrick Tialal, HR Officer in Charge of Welfare and Benefits The Kenya Forest Service workforce is directly/indirectly affect- stated that plans are underway to set up an Aids Control Unit. ed by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The work environment in the The ACU shall generate information on employee welfare and forest management sector facilitates the increased vulnerabil- service delivery through monitoring, evaluation and research ity among the employees, including forest rangers who work for planning, decision-making, resource allocation and manag- for long hours away from home and family. KFS strategic plan ing response to HIV/AIDS. 2009/10-2013/14 identified HIV/AIDS as one of the threats that will affect the achievement of its overall goals. In an effort to manage HIV/AIDS, the HR and Administration Division, Employ- ee Welfare and Benefits Section formulated the HIV/AIDS policy to acts as a guide on how to manage the pandemic.

The policy has enabled the Service to partner with other stakeholders to organize regular sensitization talks, Voluntary Coun- seling and Testing, distribution of information kits and condoms among other activities. The Service can boast of its non-discrim- inatory medical cover that caters to all regardless of their HIV status. KFS recently hosted representatives from the Ministry A Counselor from the Ministry of Health Mr. Samuel Nyakundi addressing KFS staff members during the HIV/AIDS sensitization workshop recently

25 STAFF NEWS The KFS HQ Grounds

The field at Kenya Forest Service Headquarters along Kiambu road is the main ground for the KFS football and volleyball teams and it is where they hold their respective training sessions on a weekly basis from 3p.m in the evening. The football team uses the pitch to hold most of their home league matches which are usually played over the weekends. Apart from the two main teams, the pitch also hosts the Pepe- ta Football Academy which trains young aspiring footballers on Sat- urday mornings, Sunday afternoons and during the holidays. Thus whenever the KFS football team has a match on the said days, their matches are scheduled so as to not coincide with the children’s practice sessions. The grounds are situated in a very serene environment, sur- rounded by trees and clean fresh air and so they are very conducive for holding various activities such as corporate events, weddings and The KFS grounds which are used for various events and activities. others at a fee.

Forester with Hands of Gold

school and did a one year Diploma in forestry. In 2007 he was posted to Kibwezi Forest Station, Makueni County. In 2008 he was later to be transferred to Kericho For- est Station due to the post election violence that had rocked the country at the time. When he took charge at Kericho Forest Station, there was no operation going on. He did the first clear fell in October 2011 and planted, this was completed in 2012 February and planted new trees in March of the same year. A total of 40 ha were planted, a 73ha plantation was established Kericho Forest Station Forester Mr. Victor Kabutbei at one of his nurseries. in 2013 and in 2014, 140 ha have been completed. One of the methods that he uses to make sure that Sitting in his humble office in Kericho Forest Station, his trees grow well is supervision. He insists on supervising the one cannot help but feel privileged to be sitting and talking to a seedlings so that they are properly planted and always makes man who has received praise from different quarters and earned sure to plant the trees as soon as possible after felling, before himself a reputation as the forester who plants trees that never the weeds develop. He also organizes patrols during the week- die. But with all this admiration, he possesses a humble nature ends to make sure the forest is intact. that does not go unnoticed. His name is Victor Kabutbei. One of the main challenges that he faces is that of Victor was born in Kiplombe Location, Esageri Division, transportation of seedlings to the location of planting and he Koibatek District, Baringo County in a family of seven children. has to depend on other organizations with which he has a good He went to Kiplombe Primary School from 1980-1987. He then rapport, to assist him. He also faces the challenge of shortage joined Bartolomo Secondary School in Baringo County in 1988 of forest rangers as well as aging of rangers. Elephants are also and completed in 1991. In 1993, he joined the Kenya Forestry a big problem as they debark the trees, step on and even uproot College in Londiani and completed in 1995. the young seedlings. In 1996, he was posted to Chemsusu Forest Station in An avid volleyballer, Victor plays volleyball during his free time, Koibatek Baringo County as an Assistant Forester. He was later “my age is catching up with me and so I cannot play as much transferred to Chemorgok Forest Station in 2001 as the Forester as I would wish to”, he laments while laughing. When he is not in Charge. In 2004, he was posted to Baragoi Forest Station in patrolling the forests over the weekends, he catches up on foot- Samburu County where he stayed for four months before being ball matches, a game he also loves. transferred to Loroki Division in 2005. In 2006 he went back to

26 STAFF NEWS Corruption in Kenya

Corruption can refer to many different types of illegal KFS conducts corruption risk assessments from time to acts, though they will usually all involve a person abusing their time to enable identify corruption loopholes, and consequently authority for their own benefit, or for the benefit of family put in place prevention measures. This means that all depart- and friends. This can either be government officials using pub- ments are expected to identify the risk areas and inform the in- lic money for their own personal use, or corporate executives tegrity committee. improperly awarding contracts or taking other decisions in ex- The Service has made tremendous strides in preventing change for bribes. By the year 2030, it’s envisaged that Kenya corruption by ensuring corruption loopholes are sealed shut. will have “transparent, accountable, ethical and results-oriented Some of the efforts geared towards sealing these loopholes in- government institutions”. clude but are not limited to; setting up an integrity committee at The Kenya Forest Service has adopted the KFS Anti-Cor- the headquarters and conservancy integrity committee in con- ruption Policy which will ensure zero tolerance to corruption servancies, pre-employment screening, awareness creation and through developing, implementing and institutionalizing nec- training on corruption, whistle blowing and protection of whistle essary policies, legal and institutional frameworks. To ensure a blowers and disciplinary measures arising from acts of fraud and corruption free institution, KFS works within the provisions of corruption. Acts of Parliament and other instruments designed to prevent Corruption is a vice that we must all hold hands together corruption and ensure effective service delivery. to fight against.

KFS Team Excels at Fete

The Team leader for the KFS team in the Bush Race category Insp. Philip Ndiema receives the certificate for 2nd Best Corporate Team at KESAL.

Every year, corporate teams head to Marani Forest in Mt. Kenya to take part in team-building competitions at the Kenya School of Adventure and Leadership (KESAL). The Kenya Forest Service (KFS) has been participating at these events for the last three years and this year was no exception. A contingent of KFS rangers participated in this year’s competitions emerging second best in the bush race category. The teams comprised of groups of five individuals from each organization and were required to finish a 10km race, through various obstacles and challenges in the shortest time possible and more importantly as a team.

The KFS team took to the race with a strategy that involved encouraging one another and running at the same pace from start to finish. The KFS team comprised of Philip Ndiema, Hosea Rotich, Zebedee Kiprono, Wilson Mwangi and Eliud Kosgei, all from the Enforcement and Compliance Division (ENCOM). They were awarded a trophy and certificates.

THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 27 FEATURE STORY Kipini Conservancy

KFS Forest Rangers on patrol at the beach on the edge of Kipini Conservancy.

Kipini Conservancy is a Provisional Forest formerly named. There is also a large number of Doum Palm trees, which known as Nairobi Ranch and is found largely in Lamu County are a favorite among the locals as they provide a palm wine ex- while a small section is located in Tana River County. It borders tracted from the juice of its young fruit and stems, apart from Witu Forest Reserve and Tana River/Witu Settlement Scheme the use of its fruits as food. to the West, Mombasa-Lamu road to the North, Lake Kenyat- However, there are some challenges that hinder conservation ta Settlement Scheme to the East i.e. the Mpeketoni area and efforts in the conservancy including extensive encroachment the Indian Ocean to the South. The Provisional Forest covers an on forest land by locals, illegal logging, poaching, charcoaling, area measuring approximately 22,016.4 hectares. wildfires, agricultural land speculation and overgrazing by no- The Provisional Forest was gazetted vide legal notice madic pastoralists. The ecosystem is also a potential security no. 214 of the 15th 2010 pursuant to section 26(1) of the Forest hotspot due to competition for resources. Act 2005, to be managed by The Kenya Forest Service. It was The illegal logging activities have resulted in the loss of hun- also gazetted as an environmentally significant area vide legal dreds of thousands of exotic and indigenous trees. This activity notice no. 208 of 8th November, 2013. poses a significant threat to the biodiversity of the area as well Kipini is simply beautiful, as it offers a unique mix of wilder- as the conservation activities. ness and a taste of the coast, with plenty to see and experience It is also estimated from field observation that at least and also being in Kenya, a country endowed with incredibly di- half of the provisional forest is degraded as a result of encroach- verse landscapes and unique geographical features, all teeming ment. Indeed as we drove through the conservancy, we came with wildlife and home to more than 50 cultural communities, across many homesteads belonging to people who had settled it is indeed a luxury to be experienced by one and all. Kipini in the forest, some of whom have been there for many years, is uniquely positioned between marine, forest, woodland and and they remain adamant about living there claiming that it is grassland ecosystems. the only home they know and they have nowhere else to go. The forest has a 20 kilometer beach line stretch con- The importance and associated socio-economic value of the sidered the only elephant corridor found in the East African ecosystem necessitates heavy investment and support in con- Coastal Ecosystem. servation activities in order to restore the ecological integrity Besides the white sandy beaches, there are ancient sand dunes of the ecosystem. as well as seasonal and permanent wetlands and lakes most of which are undisturbed and rich in plant diversity. Situated at the Northern end of the Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal Forests biodiversity hotspot, the area is embedded in a zone of internationally recognized importance and a rich assembly of globally threatened plants and animals. The Conservancy is an important habitat for rear and endangered plants and animals whose co-existence creates high aesthetic value to the ecosystem. The area is considered an important game migratory corridor, a complete ecosystem rich in biodiversity with wetlands, swamps, rivers and lakes. As one takes a drive around the conservancy, they get to see a variety of animal as well as tree species among them the Mpeketo tree after which the nearby town of Mpeketoni is

28 THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 FROM THE FILES

THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 29 HUMOUR & LEISURE

1 2 18

4 6 5

8 7

22 10 16

12 11 13 17 14 15

20 21

Across 1. Organisms and the physical factors that make up their environment. Down 2. The art and science of growing forest trees. 3. Type of oven that produces temperature that can be used in the 6. Outermost layer of stems and roots of woody plants. drying of wood for fuel. 7. Degree of variation of life. 4. Largest gazetted urban forest in Nairobi County. 12. Upper layer or habitat zone formed by mature tree crowns and 5. Comes from removing water and other volatile constituents from including other biological organisms in forests. animals or plants and is used in production of heat. 15. A dead tree that is still standing. 8. General term for forest crops and stands containing trees of com 16. A cluster of leaves. mercial size and quality suitable for sawing into lumber. 17. Decay. 9. Establishment of a forest stand of trees in an area where there were 18. Boundary between two ecological communities. no forests. 22. Trunk of a tree. 10. Forests characterized by high rainfall, with annual rainfall between 250-450 cm. 11. A common unit of land measure equal to 43,560 square feet or 1/640 square miles. 13. A tool to measure the diameter of a tree. Cartoon 14. Selective removal of parts of a plant such as branches buds or roots. 15. Branches and other wood materials left on site after logging. 20. To mark a tree, usually by painting or cutting Jokes Every day, thousands of innocent plants are killed by vegetarians. Help stop the violence!!!.

Quotes The best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago. The next best time is today. ~ Chinese proverb ~

Facts and Figures DID YOU KNOW? Assuming that it lives for at least 50 years, a tree exhales 2,721.6 Kilograms of oxygen in its lifetime, or about 54.4 Kilograms per year. Knocking on wood for good luck originated from primitive tree worship when rapping on trees was believed to summon protective spirits in the trees.

30 THE FORESTER :: APRIL - JUNE 2014 Your Tree is your Wealth Croton Megalocarpus

Croton Megalocarpus Croton is an extensive flowering tree in the Euphorbiaceae family. It is fast growing in high potential areas and can grow up to 35m high. It takes 20-25 years to mature and may occur in mixed farming systems, woodlots and boundaries. The generic name ‘Croton’ is based on the Greek word for ‘tick’, because of the appearance of the seed. Croton megalocarpus is popularly known as Mukinduri in Kikuyu. It has recently been illustrated in Kenya that Croton nuts are a more eco- nomical source of biofuel. Croton trees grow wild and yield about 0.35 liters of oil per kilo of nuts. Well dried nuts are used with charcoal in cooking stoves and as firewood. The seeds are also used as fodder when incor- porated into poultry feed due to their high protein content (50%). Oth- er products of the Mukinduri include timber, medicine and apiculture.

The tree acts as a windbreaker and also provides shade due to its flat crown and horizontal layer of branches which make it useful in providing shelter. Its leaves have high levels of nitrogen and phospho- rous, resulting in soil improvement. It has conspicuous flowers which make it suitable for ornamental purposes. Many land owners use Mikin- duri trees as a boundary marker since it is not browsed by livestock. Mikinduri trees grow easily by direct sowing. The propagation can also be from seedlings and wildlings. In counties such as Nyeri, Kiam- bu, Nandi and Kericho, flowering occurs between the months of February and May, whereas in Bungoma county this takes place in September, and between October and January in Kakamega county. Common Names: Mukinduri (Kikuyu, Meru) Pollination is done by insects and seed maturity takes about 5 Muthulu (Kamba) months. Seeds can be collected from July to June depending on the region. Musine (Luhya) Seed extraction is a tedious activity that involves cracking of each fruit Masineitet (Nandi) with a hammer and splitting it open by hand to remove the seeds. Seeds Lameruguet (Samburu) are cleaned by hand, sorting to remove debris and other broken pieces. Muhande Seeds are then sun-dried by spreading a thin layer and turning regularly Mkigara to avoid overheating. They can be stored in an airtight container in a cool Chepkeleliet dry place for a period of up to 2 years with no significant loss of viability.