Forestry: Course Outline
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FAOSTAT-Forestry Definitions
FOREST PRODUCTS DEFINITIONS General terms FAOSTAT - Forestry JOINT FOREST SECTOR QUESTIONNAIRE Item Item Code Definition code coniferous C Coniferous All woods derived from trees classified botanically as Gymnospermae, e.g. Abies spp., Araucaria spp., Cedrus spp., Chamaecyparis spp., Cupressus spp., Larix spp., Picea spp., Pinus spp., Thuja spp., Tsuga spp., etc. These are generally referred to as softwoods. non-coniferous NC Non-Coniferous All woods derived from trees classified botanically as Angiospermae, e.g. Acer spp., Dipterocarpus spp., Entandrophragma spp., Eucalyptus spp., Fagus spp., Populus spp., Quercus spp., Shorea spp., Swietonia spp., Tectona spp., etc. These are generally referred to as broadleaves or hardwoods. tropical NC.T Tropical Tropical timber is defined in the International Tropical Timber Agreement (1994) as follows: “Non-coniferous tropical wood for industrial uses, which grows or is produced in the countries situated between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The term covers logs, sawnwood, veneer sheets and plywood. Plywood which includes in some measure conifers of tropical origin shall also be covered by the definition.” For the purposes of this questionnaire, tropical sawnwood, veneer sheets and plywood shall also include products produced in non-tropical countries from imported tropical roundwood. Please indicate if statistics provided under "tropical" in this questionnaire may include species or products beyond the scope of this definition. Year Data are requested for the calendar year (January-December) indicated. 2 Transactions FAOSTAT - Forestry JOINT FOREST SECTOR QUESTIONNAIRE Element Element Code Definition code 5516 Production Quantity Removals The volume of all trees, living or dead, that are felled and removed from the forest, other wooded land or other felling sites. -
Silviculture and Forest Management
Working with your forest to meet your needs: Silviculture and Forest Management Susan L. Stout US Forest Service, Northern Research Station Warren, PA Silvi • Silviculture is certainly about trees, and specifically about trees in forests …culture • The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought • www.thefreedictionary.com/culture …culture • the quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits, etc dictionary.reference.com/ browse/culture Silviculture • “Silviculture is the art & science of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, health, and quality of forests & woodlands to meet the diverse needs & values of landowners & society on a sustainable basis.” Society of American Foresters 1994 Knowledge needed to practice good silviculture • Site quality and characteristics • Character of surrounding landscape • Age classes found in and around this forest stand • History of the forest • Silvics of species in the stand Site quality • Sometimes measured by the height of leading trees at a certain age, figured out by taking tree cores (if the tallest trees were removed, or the stand is uneven-aged, this may not work) • Concept integrates landscape position, many soil characteristics, dry/moist conditions, and nutrients Landscape Context Age classes of your forest Uneven-aged Even-aged Age classes of your forest Uneven-aged Even-aged • Activities planned for the -
Non-Timber Forest Products
Agrodok 39 Non-timber forest products the value of wild plants Tinde van Andel This publication is sponsored by: ICCO, SNV and Tropenbos International © Agromisa Foundation and CTA, Wageningen, 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photocopy, microfilm or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. First edition: 2006 Author: Tinde van Andel Illustrator: Bertha Valois V. Design: Eva Kok Translation: Ninette de Zylva (editing) Printed by: Digigrafi, Wageningen, the Netherlands ISBN Agromisa: 90-8573-027-9 ISBN CTA: 92-9081-327-X Foreword Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are wild plant and animal pro- ducts harvested from forests, such as wild fruits, vegetables, nuts, edi- ble roots, honey, palm leaves, medicinal plants, poisons and bush meat. Millions of people – especially those living in rural areas in de- veloping countries – collect these products daily, and many regard selling them as a means of earning a living. This Agrodok presents an overview of the major commercial wild plant products from Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific. It explains their significance in traditional health care, social and ritual values, and forest conservation. It is designed to serve as a useful source of basic information for local forest dependent communities, especially those who harvest, process and market these products. We also hope that this Agrodok will help arouse the awareness of the potential of NTFPs among development organisations, local NGOs, government officials at local and regional level, and extension workers assisting local communities. Case studies from Cameroon, Ethiopia, Central and South Africa, the Pacific, Colombia and Suriname have been used to help illustrate the various important aspects of commercial NTFP harvesting. -
Traditional Fire Knowledge in Two Chestnut Forest Ecosystems of the Iberian Peninsula and Its Implications
Land Use Policy 47 (2015) 130–144 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Land Use Policy jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/landusepol Forgetting fire: Traditional fire knowledge in two chestnut forest ecosystems of the Iberian Peninsula and its implications for European fire management policy a,∗ b c a,b,c Francisco Seijo , James D.A. Millington , Robert Gray , Verónica Sanz , d e f Jorge Lozano , Francisco García-Serrano , Gabriel Sangüesa-Barreda , f Jesús Julio Camarero a Middlebury College C.V. Starr School in Spain, Madrid, Spain b Department of Geography, King’s College London, London, UK c RW Gray Consulting Ltd, Chilliwack, BC, Canada d Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Sección de Biología Básica y Aplicada, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, C/París s/n., Loja 1101608, Ecuador e Saint Louis University, Madrid, Spain f Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia-CSICAvda. Monta˜nana, 1005. 50059 Zaragoza, Spain a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Human beings have used fire as an ecosystem management tool for thousands of years. In the context of Received 6 October 2014 the scientific and policy debate surrounding potential climate change adaptation and mitigation strate- Received in revised form 25 February 2015 gies, the importance of the impact of relatively recent state fire-exclusion policies on fire regimes has Accepted 14 March 2015 been debated. To provide empirical evidence to this ongoing debate we examine the impacts of state fire-exclusion policies in the chestnut forest ecosystems of two geographically neighbouring municipal- Keywords: ities in central Spain, Casillas and Rozas de Puerto Real. -
Buyers of Timber in Orange County
Companies that Buy Timber In County: Orange 7/7/2021 COMPANY PHONE, FAX, EMAIL and SPECIES PRODUCTS ADDRESS CONTACT PERSON PURCHASED PURCHASED 360 Forest Products, Inc. PHONE 910-285-5838 S Yellow Pine, E White Pine, Cypress, Standing Timber, Sawlogs, PO Box 157 FAX: 910-285-8009 Ash, Cherry, Red Oak, White Oak, Pulpwood, Poles, Pilings, Cottonwood, Beech, Hickory, Sweetgum, Chips, Chip-n-Saw, Veneer & Wallace, NC 28466 EMAIL: Black/Tupelo Gum, Soft Maple, Hard Plywood Logs or Bolts [email protected] Maple, Walnut, Yellow Poplar Larry Batchelor, President A & P Timber Co, Inc. PHONE 919-554-4597 All Hardwoods, All Softwoods Standing Timber 137 East Fleming Farm Dr FAX: Youngsville, NC 27596 EMAIL: Dwight Payne, Registered Forester All-Woods Timber Company, Inc. PHONE 919-818-5957 S Yellow Pine, All Hardwoods Standing Timber, Sawlogs, 2671 Charlie Long Road FAX: Pulpwood Hurdle Mills, NC 27571 EMAIL: Philip R. Whitfield, President Black Creek Forestry Services, LL PHONE (919)6314064 All Hardwoods, All Softwoods Standing Timber 4920 Raleigh Rd FAX: Benson, NC 27504 EMAIL: [email protected] Dave Hendershott, Owner Blue Chip Wood Products PHONE (919)805-0060 All Hardwoods, All Softwoods Standing Timber, Sawlogs, FAX: Pulpwood , NC EMAIL: [email protected] Bill Baxley Braxton's Sawmill, Inc. PHONE (336)376-6798 S Yellow Pine, Yellow-Poplar, Sweetgum, Standing Timber, Sawlogs 7519 D Lindley Mill Rd FAX: (336)376-8411 Soft Maple, Red Oak, White Oak, Hickory, Ash Graham, NC 27253 EMAIL: Christopher Braxton, President Canfor Southern Pine Graham PHONE (336)376-3130 S Yellow Pine Standing Timber, Sawlogs 4408 Mt Herman Rock Creek Rd FAX: (336)376-5858 Graham, NC 27253 EMAIL: [email protected]; doug.burleson Doug Burleson, Forester This is a list of individuals that purchase standing timber and have requested that their information be posted on the N.C. -
Tree Care Handbook
Minnesota SWCD Forestry Association Tree Handbook Dear Tree Planter. With headlines reporting the continuing deforestation of the tropical rain forest, one may ask the question: Are America’s forests in danger of disappearing? Because people such as yourself practice reforestation, our forested acres are actually growing in size. About one-third of the United States, or 731 million acres is covered with trees. That’s about 70 percent of the forest that existed when Columbus discovered America. Almost one third of this is set aside in permanent parks and wilderness areas. Minnesotans’ have planted an average of 12 million trees annually; enough trees to cover over 15,000 acres per year. Good land stewards are planting trees for many good reasons. The results of their efforts can be seen in reduced soil erosion, improved air and water quality, healthy forest industries, enhanced wildlife habitat and generally a more attractive surrounding for us to live in. Aspen has become the most prominent tree in Minnesota’s forests. After clearcutting, aspen regenerates readily by sprouting from its root system or by drifting seeds onto disturbed sites. Most of the other major species in Minnesota need some help from tree planters to ensure that they make up a part of the new forest. The following pages will help explain how to plant and care for a tree seedling. There is a section on the general characteristics and planting requirements of the tree and shrub species commonly planted for conservation purposes in Minnesota. The professionals working in conservation throughout Minnesota thank you for planting, nurturing and wisely using one of Minnesota’s greatest treasures its renewable trees. -
Old-Growth Forests
Pacific Northwest Research Station NEW FINDINGS ABOUT OLD-GROWTH FORESTS I N S U M M A R Y ot all forests with old trees are scientifically defined for many centuries. Today’s old-growth forests developed as old growth. Among those that are, the variations along multiple pathways with many low-severity and some Nare so striking that multiple definitions of old-growth high-severity disturbances along the way. And, scientists forests are needed, even when the discussion is restricted to are learning, the journey matters—old-growth ecosystems Pacific coast old-growth forests from southwestern Oregon contribute to ecological diversity through every stage of to southwestern British Columbia. forest development. Heterogeneity in the pathways to old- growth forests accounts for many of the differences among Scientists understand the basic structural features of old- old-growth forests. growth forests and have learned much about habitat use of forests by spotted owls and other species. Less known, Complexity does not mean chaos or a lack of pattern. Sci- however, are the character and development of the live and entists from the Pacific Northwest (PNW) Research Station, dead trees and other plants. We are learning much about along with scientists and students from universities, see the structural complexity of these forests and how it leads to some common elements and themes in the many pathways. ecological complexity—which makes possible their famous The new findings suggest we may need to change our strat- biodiversity. For example, we are gaining new insights into egies for conserving and restoring old-growth ecosystems. canopy complexity in old-growth forests. -
Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Human Activities
4 Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Human Activities CO-CHAIRS D. Kupfer (Germany, Fed. Rep.) R. Karimanzira (Zimbabwe) CONTENTS AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND OTHER HUMAN ACTIVITIES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 77 4.1 INTRODUCTION 85 4.2 FOREST RESPONSE STRATEGIES 87 4.2.1 Special Issues on Boreal Forests 90 4.2.1.1 Introduction 90 4.2.1.2 Carbon Sinks of the Boreal Region 90 4.2.1.3 Consequences of Climate Change on Emissions 90 4.2.1.4 Possibilities to Refix Carbon Dioxide: A Case Study 91 4.2.1.5 Measures and Policy Options 91 4.2.1.5.1 Forest Protection 92 4.2.1.5.2 Forest Management 92 4.2.1.5.3 End Uses and Biomass Conversion 92 4.2.2 Special Issues on Temperate Forests 92 4.2.2.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Temperate Forests 92 4.2.2.2 Global Warming: Impacts and Effects on Temperate Forests 93 4.2.2.3 Costs of Forestry Countermeasures 93 4.2.2.4 Constraints on Forestry Measures 94 4.2.3 Special Issues on Tropical Forests 94 4.2.3.1 Introduction to Tropical Deforestation and Climatic Concerns 94 4.2.3.2 Forest Carbon Pools and Forest Cover Statistics 94 4.2.3.3 Estimates of Current Rates of Forest Loss 94 4.2.3.4 Patterns and Causes of Deforestation 95 4.2.3.5 Estimates of Current Emissions from Forest Land Clearing 97 4.2.3.6 Estimates of Future Forest Loss and Emissions 98 4.2.3.7 Strategies to Reduce Emissions: Types of Response Options 99 4.2.3.8 Policy Options 103 75 76 IPCC RESPONSE STRATEGIES WORKING GROUP REPORTS 4.3 AGRICULTURE RESPONSE STRATEGIES 105 4.3.1 Summary of Agricultural Emissions of Greenhouse Gases 105 4.3.2 Measures and -
Dendrochronology, Fire Regimes
Encyclopedia of Scientific Dating Methods DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6326-5_76-4 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Dendrochronology, Fire Regimes Peter M. Brown* Rocky Mountain Tree-Ring Research, Inc., Fort Collins, CO, USA Definition Use of tree-ring data and methods to reconstruct past fire timing, fire regimes, and fire effects on individuals, communities, and ecosystems. Introduction Fire directly or indirectly affects woody plants in many ways, some of which will leave evidence in age or growth patterns in individual trees or community structure that can be cross-dated using dendrochronological methods. This evidence can be used to reconstruct past fire dates, fire regimes, and fire effects on individuals, communities, and ecosystems (“pyrodendroecology”). Fire regimes are defined as the combination of fire frequency, severity, size, seasonality, and relationships with forcing factors such as climate or changes in human land use. Fire Evidence in Trees and Community Structure A common type of fire evidence is from severe fire that kills all or most trees in an area which opens up space for new trees to establish. Even-aged forest structure is often used as evidence of past lethal fire, also referred to as “stand-replacing” fire. Such evidence provides a minimum date for the fire (i.e., the fire occurred sometime before the innermost dates of the oldest trees), and, by sampling multiple stands in an area, estimates of the fire size can be made based on broader- scale patterns of tree ages. Conversely, multiaged structure is considered to be evidence of less severe fires or other patchy mortality and recruitment events. -
Mainstreaming Native Species-Based Forest Restoration
93 ISBN 978-9962-614-22-7 Mainstreaming Native Species-Based Forest Restoration July 15-16, 2010 Philippines Sponsored by the Environmental Leadership & Training Initiative (ELTI), the Rain Forest Restoration Initiative (RFRI), and the Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines (UP) Diliman Conference Proceedings 91 Mainstreaming Native Species-Based Forest Restoration Conference Proceedings July 15-16, 2010 Philippines Sponsored by The Environmental Leadership & Training Initiative (ELTI) Rain Forest Restoration Initiative (RFRI) University of the Philippines (UP) 2 This is a publication of the Environmental Leadership & Training Initiative (ELTI), a joint program of the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (F&ES) and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI). www.elti.org Phone: (1) 203-432-8561 [US] E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Text and Editing: J. David Neidel, Hazel Consunji, Jonathan Labozzetta, Alicia Calle, Javier Mateo-Vega Layout: Alicia Calle Photographs: ELTI-Asia Photo Collection Suggested citation: Neidel, J.D., Consunji, H., Labozetta, J., Calle, A. and J. Mateo- Vega, eds. 2012. Mainstreaming Native Species-Based Forest Restoration. ELTI Conference Proceedings. New Haven, CT: Yale University; Panama City: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. ISBN 978-9962-614-22-7 3 Acknowledgements ELTI recognizes the generosity of the Arcadia Fund, whose fund- ing supports ELTI and helped make this event possible. Additional funding was provided by the Philippine Tropical Forest Conserva- tion Foundation. 4 List of Acronyms ANR Assisted Natural Regeneration Atty. Attorney CBFM Community-Based Forest Management CDM Clean Development Mechanism CI Conservation International CO2 Carbon Dioxide DENR Department of Environment & Natural Resources FAO United Nations Food & Agriculture Organization FMB Forest Management Bureau For. -
FOREST Condition Assessment Brochure, Pg
Reference TIPS FOREST Condition Assessment brochure, pg. 9 With proper management, you can maintain healthy forest land. All forests can be managed for a single use, such as timber production, or for multiple uses, such as wildlife habitat, recreation, livestock grazing and/or timber production. To help you Worksheet manage your forest land, you need to decide which of these uses are important to you. You likely have a primary use planned that will guide your overall management and decision-making processes. If secondary and tertiary uses are also important to you, allow these to guide your decisions as well. This worksheet will help you ensure that the vegetation and ecosystems on your forest land function properly for the land uses you have identified. In a healthy forest, the larger overstory trees, smaller understory trees, and ground vegetation are all in good condition. The distribution of vegetation and the number of trees per acre will differ depending upon where your property is located within the state. Soil type, precipitation, temperature, tree species, and your land use objectives are also factors that affect the density and distribution of vegetation on your forest land. Instructions: Conduct a basic assessment of your forest land by answering the following questions. Suggestions to help you address specific management issues are listed directly under each section. If you identify management needs and issues that may require professional assistance, refer to the last page of this Forest Condition Assessment for a list of resources. Site Date 1. Identify the tree species on your forest land. Select all that are present: Others: □ Douglas fi r □ Western larch □ Ponderosa pine □ Bigleaf maple □ Grand fi r □ Red alder □ White fi r □ Sitka spruce □ Western hemlock □ Oregon white oak There are many references to help you identify the tree species present in Oregon. -
An Experimental Evaluation of Fire History Reconstruction Using Dendrochronology in White Oak (Quercus Alba)
1 An experimental evaluation of fire history reconstruction using dendrochronology in white oak (Quercus alba) Ryan W. McEwan, Todd F. Hutchinson, Robert D. Ford, and Brian C. McCarthy Abstract: Dendrochronological analysis of fire scars on tree cross sections has been critically important for understanding historical fire regimes and has influenced forest management practices. Despite its value as a tool for understanding histor- ical ecosystems, tree-ring-based fire history reconstruction has rarely been experimentally evaluated. To examine the effi- cacy of dendrochronological analysis for detecting fire occurrence in oak forests, we analyzed tree cross sections from sites in which prescribed fires had been recently conducted. The first fire in each treatment unit created a scar in at least one sample, but the overall percentage of samples containing scars in fire years was low (12%). We found that scars were cre- ated by 10 of the 15 prescribed fires, and the five undetected fires all occurred in sites where fire had occurred the previous year. Notably, several samples contained scars from known fire-free periods. In summary, our data suggest that tree-ring analysis is a generally effective tool for reconstructing historical fire regimes, although the following points of uncertainty were highlighted: (i) consecutive annual burns may not create fire scars and (ii) wounds that are morphologically indistin- guishable from fire scars may originate from nonfire sources. R6um6 : L'analyse dendrochronologique des cicatrices de feu sur des sections radiales de tronc d'arbre a it6 d'une im- portance cruciale pour comprendre les regimes des feux pass& et a influenck les pratiques d'amtnagement forestier.