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Non-Wood Forest Products from Temperate Broad-Leaved Trees

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Non-Wood Forest Products from Temperate Broad-Leaved Trees J NON-WOODNO\ -WOOD FORESTFOREST PRODUCTSPRODUCTS -)7 j`i C, 1515 --L23 Non-wood forestforest products from temperatetemperate broad-leaved treestrees ."3.4 kr, , , NON-WOOD\ 0\ -WOOD FOREST FOREST PRODUCTSPRODUCTS 1515 Non-woodNon-wood forest productsproducts from temperatetemperate broad-leaved treestrees by William M.M. CieslaCiesla FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITEDUNITED NATIONSNATIONS Rome, 20022002 ADDITIONAL DISCLAIMER This paper discusses some traditional and contemporary uses of non-wood products from trees and shrubs inin medicine. ThisThis materialmaterial isis presentedpresented forfor informationinformation only only and and does not imply endorsement by the author or by FAO. Use of these products is not recommended unless taken under the care and guidance of a qualified physician. Transport of somesome non-woodnon-wood forestforest productsproducts (e.g.(e.g. foliage,foliage, seeds,seeds, landscapelandscape oror ornamental plants)plants) acrossacross internationalinternational boundariesboundaries posesposes aa risk of accidentalaccidental introduc­introduc- tion of insects,insects, fungifungi oror otherother potentiallypotentially destructivedestructive agents.agents. ItIt isis recommendedrecommended thatthat anyone planningplanning toto movemove plantplant materialsmaterials acrossacross internationalinternational boundariesboundaries checkcheck withwith appropriate authoritiesauthorities inin thethe countrycountry fromfrom wherewhere thethe productsproducts areare toto bebe exported and the countries intointo whichwhich thethe productsproducts areare toto be imported for import permit requirements, phytosanitary certificates or restrictions that might apply. Movement of certain non-wood forest products across international boundaries may be subject toto tradetrade restrictionsrestrictions (both(both tarifftariff andand non-tariff).non-tariff). AppropriateAppropriate authoritiesauthorities should be contactedcontacted prior toto plannedplanned movementmovement ofof anyany non-woodnon-wood forestforest productsproducts across international boundaries. AA reviewreview ofof tradetrade restrictionsrestrictions affecting international tradetrade inin non-woodnon-wood forestforest productsproducts maymay bebe foundfound in:in: FAO 1995. TradeTrade restrictionsrestrictions affectingaffecting international international tradetrade inin non-woodnon-wood forest forest prod-prod­ ucts, by M. lqbal.Iqbal. Non-wood Forest Products, No.NO.8 8.. Rome.Rome. The designationsdeSignations employedemployed andand thethe presentation ofof materialmaterial inin this information product do not implyimply thethe expressionexpression ofof anyany opinionopinion whatsoever on the part of thethe FoodFood andand AgricultureAgriculture OrganizationOrganization of the United Nations concerning the legallegal statusstatus ofof anyany country,country, territory,territory, city or area orofor of itsits authorities, authorities, oror concerning concerning thethe delimitationdelimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.boundaries. ISBNISBN 92-5-104855-X92-5-104855-X All rightsrights reserved.reserved. ReproductionReproduction and disseminationdissemination of materialmaterial inin thisthis information product forfor educational oror otherother non-commercialnon-commercial purposespurposes areare authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product forfor resaleresale oror otherother commercialcommercial purposespurposes isis prohibitedprohibited without written permission of the copyrightcopyright holders.holders. ApplicationsApplications forfor suchsuch permission should be addressedaddressed toto thethe Chief,Chief .Publishing Publishing ManagementManagement Service,Service. Information Division,Division, FAO,FAO , Viale delle Terme di Caracalla,Caracalla, 00100 RomeRome,. Italy or bye-mailby e-mail to [email protected] 0© FAO FAO 2002 2002 Non-wood forest products fromfrom temperatetemperate broad-leavedbroad-leaved treestrees FOREWORD Temperate broad-leaved treestrees are found inin aa widewide rangerange ofof ecologicalecological zones,zones, locatedlocated bothboth inin thethe northernnorthern and southern hemispheres. According to the FAO Forest Resources Assessment 20002000,, temperatetemperate forestsforests cover some 400 million ha overover aa largelarge beltbelt alongalong NorthNorth America,America, whichwhich thenthen stretchesstretches from Europe,Europe, across Central Asia,Asia, up to China and Japan.Japan. InIn the SouthernSouthern Hemisphere,Hemisphere, temperatetemperate forestsforests andand treestrees areare foundfound mainly in Chile,Chile, Argentina,Argentina, NewNew ZealandZealand andand southernsouthern Australia.Australia. TemperateTemperate broad-leavedbroad-leaved treestrees andand forestsforests are also important components of many tropicaltropical and subtropical mountainmountain ecosystems.ecosystems. Temperate broad-leaved treestrees andand forests provide aa vast array of products.products. Many species havehave beenbeen domesticated andand areare represented byby major fruit and treetree cropscrops worldwide,worldwide, such asas apples,apples, pears,pears, cherriescherries,, plums,plums, olives,olives, walnuts,walnuts, almonds and grapes,grapes, just to name a few.few. InIn additionaddition toto fibre,fibre, timbertimber andand fuelwoodfuelwood,, temperate broadleafbroad leaf forests offer a wide range of non-wood productsproducts,, whichwhich areare ofof greatgreat benefitbenefit to human society inin both developing and developed countries.countries. However,However, inin spite of this,this, foresters have so far devoted little attention to enhancing the many non-wood uses of temperatetemperate forests.forests. The focus of this paperpaper lieslies onon broad-leavedbroad-leaved trees,trees, asas thethe rolerole ofof conifersconifers inin supplyingsupplying non-woodnon-wood forestforest products was reviewedreviewed in anan earlierearlier publicationpublication inin thethe Non-WoodNon-Wood ForestForest ProductsProducts SeriesSeries (No.12:(No.12: Non-Non­ wood forest products from conifers).conifers). The objective is toto provide aa global review ofof the non-wood uses of temperate broad-leaved treestrees and to discuss thethe manymany issuesissues involvedinvolved with theirtheir development,development, such asas problems associated with the managementmanagement ofof thethe resource,resource, oror withwith thethe harvesting,harvesting, processingprocessing andand tradetrade of the products.products. BothBoth contemporarycontemporary andand historicalhistorical oror traditionaltraditional usesuses areare discussed.discussed. WhereWhere possible,possible, datadata on levels of production and international trade are given. The intended audience of this publication ranges from interestinterest groups inin thethe forest,forest, agricultureagriculture and ruralrural development sectors to conservation agencies inin developed and developingdeveloping countries.countries. It is hopedhoped thatthat thethe useuse ofof thisthis documentdocument willwill helphelp inin promotingpromoting thethe useuse ofof non-wood non-wood productsproducts fromfrom temperate broadleaf forestsforests as a valuablevaluable componentcomponent in thethe processprocess ofof economiceconomic developmentdevelopment andand poverty alleviation.alleviation. Wulf Killmann Director Forest Products Division Forestry Department III Non-wood forest productsproducts fromfrom temperatetemperate broad-leaved broad-leaved treestrees ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This publication is basedbased onon aa draftdraft preparedprepared byby WilliamWilliam M.M. Ciesla,Ciesla, previouslypreviously withwith thethe UnitedUnited StatesStates Department of AgricultureAgriculture (USDA),(USDA), ForestForest ServiceService andand subsequentlysubsequently atat thethe ForestForest DepartmentDepartment ofof FAO, FAO, Rome. Many people provided valuable assistance and informationinformation for thethe compilationcompilation ofof thisthis paperpaper includingincluding Klaus Janz,Janz, SwedishSwedish BoardBoard ofof Forestry, Forestry ,Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden;Sweden; VidarVidar JohnJohn Nordin,Nordin ,Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada;Canada; Victor Brunette,Brunette, lala FédérationFederation desdes ProducteursProducteurs dede BoisBois dudu Québec,Quebec ,Longueuil, Longueuil ,Québec, Quebec, Canada; Adriano JoseJose CarpapinhaCarpapinha Gino,Gino, FabricantesFabricantes dede CorticaCortica emem Pranchas,Pranchas, Azaruja,Azaruja ,Portugal; Portugal; Peder Gjerdrum, Norwegian ForestForest ResearchResearch Institute,Institute, Hogskoleveien,H0gskoleveien, Norway;Norway ;Leontios Leontios Leontiades,Leontiades, NicosiaNicosia,, Cyprus (Formerly ofof FAO and DirectorDirector ofof DepartmentDepartment of Forestry,Forestry, RepublicRepublic of Cyprus);Cyprus); Hernan Peredo,Peredo, UniversidadUniversidad Austral, Valdivia,Valdivia, Chile;Chile; DavideDavide Pettenella,Pettenella, DipartimentoDipartimento TerritorioTerritorio ee Sistemi Agro-forestali,Agro-forestali , Universidade Padova,Padova, Italy;Italy; Friedrich Schlegel,Schlegel, London,London, England ((FormerlyFormerly of FAO and Universidad AustralAustral,, Chile)Chile);; MM.P..P. ShivaShiva,, Centre for Minor Forest ProductsProducts,, Dehra DunDun,, India and P. Tiburzi, BibliotecaBiblioteca ApostolicaApostolica VaticanaVaticana didi Biblioteconomia,Biblioteconomia , VaticanVatican City.City. The author
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