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Sustainable Urban Public Transportation Through Intelligent Transport System and Its Relevance to Chennai City

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Sustainable Urban Public Transportation Through Intelligent Transport System and Its Relevance to Chennai City © 2019 JETIR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Sustainable Urban Public Transportation Through Intelligent Transport System and Its Relevance to Chennai City 1Dr. S. Parthiban, 2Angeline Archana 1Assistant Professor, 2Ph.D. Research Scholar 1Department of Politics and Public Administration, 1University of Madras, Chennai – 60005, Tamil Nadu, India. Abstract: United Nations defines sustainable development as the one that meets the needs of the present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development may be further divided into various dimensions, such as economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, and social sustainability. Significant initiatives around the world are made to reduce private transportation and improve public transportation, thus reducing carbon emission, fuel efficiency, increasing the quality of transportation. Governments have to educate and create awareness over public road transport and its effects on the environment among the commuters. The road-based public transportation takes center stage in the economic development of the emerging world. Public transportation is the only mode of transition for employment, education, and other transit activities for most of the inhabitants in both the urban and rural areas. Bus rapid transit system is gaining momentum in various places around the world. Imperative need is felt to improve the local travel conditions, the travel time, quality of transport service, reliability, availability, accessibility, affordability, safety, and sustainability of the better public transportation services in Chennai city by learning from the best practices of developed cities across the world. Keywords: Sustainable, Transportation, Availability, Safety, Intelligent. Introduction to Public Transportation in Cities: - Megacities are thriving to receive more attention due to rapid urbanization and sustainability concerns. Energy consumption and emission are a hindrance to sustainability. Public transportation seems like an ideal solution to reduce emissions as the urban population will increase in the near future. (Stead, Sustainable Urban Transport in the Developing World: Beyond Megacities, 2015). Sustainable developments are executing the ambition of the present generation without compromising the ability of the future generation to exhibit their goals. (The challenge: sustainable road transport). Sustainable urban development, as developed cities in the world, strives to meet urban sustainability standards by improving public transport, encouraging non-motorized modes, creating pedestrian zones, limiting the use of private cars, and otherwise trying to undo the transformation of cities caused by automobile dominance. According to environmental scientist Peter Newman, a decrease in fuel consumption per capita as an increase in public transportation facilities would also increase the per capita density of the population, as a sound transport system attracts people from the rural region to urban over opportunities. This sustainable development is further divided into various dimensions, such as economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, and social sustainability. The economic sustainability (economic efficiency), despite compelling reasons placed on ecological factors, it can be achieved only through economic factors such as money invested, employment, and provision of goods. (Katinka Weinberger, 2015). Environmental sustainability based on emission caused by human consumption to bring stability over the present ecosystem at local and global levels. Social sustainability is the concept of equity in the distribution of resources, poverty reduction, stable human progress, civilian contribution, and democratic policy formation. (The challenge: sustainable road transport) JETIR1908810 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 60 © 2019 JETIR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Table 1: Sustainable Goals for Transport: Eocnomic goals Ecological goals Social goals 1.Provide infrasturture for Convalescement of health and Assurance transit accessibility better road economic safety in transportation across social gtoups development and employment 2.cheap, fast and High Reduction of pollution on Attention to urban poor occupancy transportation local, national and global level transportation needs 3.Reduce congestion Contribution of climate Addressing urban poor stabilization greivance over transpotation Strengthen rural – urban Integration environmental and Protection of urban poor from linkages ecological dimension while contrary changes in transport scheming a project policies Acknowledgment of various To frame envrionmental Ensure democratic adhered form of Public transportation sensitive strategic planing of decision making on transport options transportation policies. policies. Revenue generating transportation policies. Developed versus developing world: - The difference between the developed world and the developing world is that the developed world has reached a saturation point in terms of road infrastructure and vehicle purchase, whereas the developing world is moving towards that point. (Bull, 2003) The developed world could think of reduction of the vehicle as the city has already expanded, while the emerging world is trying to feed its growing population on transportation needs. Developing has also accumulated various other problems such as including pollution, congestion, accidents, public transport decline, environmental degradation, climate change, energy depletion, and visual intrusion. (Hariom Kumar Solanki, 2016) Major Sustainable initiative around the world: - London’s Railway Connectivity: - England capital city London invited the Siemens to build two rail connections from the city of London to Heathrow airport. The company went ahead delivered 1200 towing train vehicles as instigated toll system within the city. Post rail connection, the city has witnessed the reduction of traffic by 20 percent, which subsequently reduced the emission of carbon by 150,000 tons per year. (Vogels, 2014) In 2016, Siemens again won another $2 billion dollar project through transport for London to curtail the additional growth of 21000 commuters by 2020s during its rush hours. The new order is to build 94 new trains over the Piccadilly line, which accommodates 7,00,000 passengers per day. (Siemens wins $2 billion contracts to build new London Tube trains, 2018) Sao Paolo’s Mono Rail:- Developing countries such as Sao Paolo has also decided to install a 24-kilometer monorail track for its new expresso Tiradentes Line which will be invested and built by Canadian aerospace and transportation company named Bombardier; this rail system will be fossil fuel-efficient. (NEW MAGNETIC MONORAIL: FASTER THROUGH SÃO PAULO, 2012) These significant initiatives have reduced private transportation and improved public transportation, thus reducing carbon emission, fuel efficiency, increasing the quality of transportation. Various factors of Sustainable Urban Transportation: - Sustainability of Urban transportation has nine factors under consideration, for instance, road infrastructure, rail-based public transport, road-based public transport, support for non-motorized travel modes, technological solutions, awareness-raising campaigns, pricing mechanisms, vehicles access restriction and control of land uses. (Stead, Sustainable Urban Transport in the Developing World: Beyond Megacities, 2015) JETIR1908810 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 61 © 2019 JETIR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Road infrastructure: - The concept of Induced travel which means that a trip on a particular street, road or transit route would provide cost-benefit to the commuters, it will eventually lead to change of the route & mode of improved facilities, change in periods, as enhanced infrastructure decreases congestion and a generation of new trips, which is new commuters in that road. (Travel). According to Noland, a roadway project must increase vehicle travel speed and reduce the traveling cost of the commuters, which can induce vehicle travel, which also accounts for roadway expansion and traffic signal synchronization. (Quddus, 2003). This is also known as generated traffic as it induced additional traffic in a new region or latent demand. This concept is a reflection of the “law of demand,” which means that “reducing users cost per vehicle – mile tends to increase total vehicle mileage.” (Gorham, 2009). This induced travel can enhance transportation by lower volume hours of the day to more peak hour use of improved facilities, it enhances parallel commuting routes (long term effects on road congestion) and enhance public transportation. (Stead, 2015). Therefore, over some time, City dwellers will reduce the usage of the car and its ownership in the market, which is the case of developed cities. Induced travel is more of a concept in the developing world where income and car ownership is still mounting. Predict and Provide Policy Versus induces travel Traditionally, States were trying to predict a scenario about the future and planned according to road transportation needs, which is referred to as predict and provide policy. As per the study, if the policymakers decide for new road construction, which is generally considered as a benchmark for development, the government allocates public
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