Nossa Senhora Da Conceição De Vila Viçosa Nos Séculos Xvii E Xviii

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Nossa Senhora Da Conceição De Vila Viçosa Nos Séculos Xvii E Xviii UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE LETRAS UMA DEVOÇÃO DE GRANDES E PEQUENOS: NOSSA SENHORA DA CONCEIÇÃO DE VILA VIÇOSA NOS SÉCULOS XVII E XVIII FRANCISCO JOSÉ PEGACHA PARDAL Dissertação orientada pela Prof.ª Doutora Isabel M. R. Mendes Drumond Braga, especialmente elaborada para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em História – Especialização em História Moderna e Contemporânea. 2018 1 «Uma coisa é escrever como poeta, e outra como historiador; o poeta pode contar ou cantar as coisas não como foram, mas como deveriam ser, e o historiador há-de escrevê- las não como deviam ser, mas como foram, sem acrescentar nem tirar à verdade a mínima coisa». Miguel de Cervantes, D. Quixote de La Mancha, Estarreja, Moderna Editorial Lavores, 2009. 2 Resumo: Nas cortes de 1646, D. João IV declarou Nossa Senhora da Conceição como padroeira de Portugal. Na mesma ocasião, foi criada uma esmola para a igreja matriz de Vila Viçosa, considerado o primeiro templo dedicado àquela invocação, na Península Ibérica. Consolidava-se assim, uma devoção que já era muito estimada pela casa ducal de Bragança, que, ao chegar ao trono, se empenhou em promovê-la. À semelhança da família real, também a Corte se devotou à padroeira de Portugal, tanto nos seus oratórios e capelas particulares, como em Vila Viçosa. A igreja matriz de Vila Viçosa, nos séculos XVII e XVIII, manteve a devoção à padroeira com considerável requinte, através das duas confrarias concecionistas sediadas no templo. Este facto espelhou-se no património da Régia Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição, que passou por um vasto número de jóias e peças ornamentais, além de casas e de propriedades agrícolas, que, através de contratos de exploração, se traduziram numa das suas fontes de receita. A Real Confraria dos Escravos de Nossa Senhora da Conceição auferia grandes rendimentos através de empréstimos de dinheiro a juros, sendo comum a ambas as irmandades o empenho nas grandiosas festas que dedicavam à padroeira de Portugal. A imagem de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa, considerada milagrosa ao longo da época moderna, colheu a simpatia de grandes e de pequenos. Muitas gentes de várias partes de Portugal, com particular incidência no Alentejo, procuraram a sua proteção. Assim sucedeu com a família real, com a Corte portuguesa e com as elites de Vila Viçosa. Também os grupos sociais mais baixos, como os camponeses alentejanos, se devotaram à Imaculada Conceição. Remetendo para curas de doenças, legados em testamento ou contribuições para a festa da padroeira, muitas das esmolas eram oferecidas de acordo com as posses dos devotos, passando por jóias, vestuário, ramos de flores ou géneros (azeite, cereais, gado, fruta e legumes). Palavras-chave: Imaculada Conceição, Família Real, Confraria, Devoção, Vila Viçosa. 3 Abstract: During the courts of 1646, John IV of Portugal declared Our Lady of Conception as the patroness of Portugal. At the same time, a alms was created for the main church of Vila Viçosa. This was considered the first temple dedicated to that invocation, in the Iberian Peninsula. It was however already a consolidated devotion that of the ducal house of Bragança, who, upon reaching the throne, strove to promote it. Like the royal family, the Court was also devoted itself to the patroness of Portugal, both in their oratories and in private chapels, as in Vila Viçosa. The main church of Vila Viçosa, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, maintained the cult of the patroness with considerable refinement, through the two brotherhoods based in the temple. This fact is related to the patrimony of the Brotherhood of Our Lady of Conception, that had a great number of jewels and ornamental pieces. Also had houses and farms, leased through exploration contracts, have translated into one of their sources of income. The Brotherhood of the Slaves of Our Lady of Conception had large incomes through interest-rate cash loans and it was common to both brotherhoods to commit themselves to the great religious parties they dedicated to the patroness of Portugal. The image of Our Lady of Conception of Vila Viçosa, considered miraculous throughout the modern era, was venerated by great and small. This is what the royal family did, with the portuguese Court and with the elites of Vila Viçosa. Also the lower social groups, such as the Alentejo peasants, devoted themselves to the Immaculate Conception. They did it for the healing of diseases, left assets in testament or aid to the religious parties. Many of the alms were offered according to the devotees' possessions, through jewelry, clothing, flowers, or food (olive oil, cereals, animals, fruit and vegetables). Key Words: Immaculate Conception, Real Family, Brotherhood, Devotion, Vila Viçosa. 4 Índice Geral Siglas e Abreviaturas………………………………………………………………….17 Introdução……………………………………………………………………………..18 Capítulo 1 – A génese da devoção imaculista em Portugal…………………………..27 1.1 – As origens em Portugal e o debate teológico………………………………………27 1.2 – Do impulso do Condestável a Santa Beatriz da Silva……………………………...33 1.3 – Sob as diretrizes de Trento: uma devoção privilegiada……………………………39 1.4 – Uma devoção nobre: o caso dos duques de Bragança……………………………...44 Capítulo 2 – Legitimação e devoção régia em torno da padroeira…………………..51 2.1 – D. João IV e a devoção imaculista em tempos de afirmação dinástica…………….51 2.2 – Devoções na batalha e na capela no reinado de D. Afonso VI……………………..69 2.3 – A devoção à padroeira no tempo de D. Pedro II…………………………………...77 2.4 – D. João V e o primor da devoção a Nossa Senhora da Conceição………………….89 2.5 – À imagem e semelhança dos monarcas: a nobreza devota……………………….113 Capítulo 3 – Nossa Senhora da Conceição, em Vila Viçosa. Devoção, património e rendimentos…………………………………………………………………………..125 3.1 – Vila Viçosa e as confrarias na época moderna…………………………………...125 3.2 – Espaços de devoção e meios de circulação do imaculismo……............................141 3.3 – O património da Régia Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição, através dos inventários de 1679 e de 1719…………………………………………………………152 3.4 – Um percurso pelos livros de receita, despesa e ofertas da Régia Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição…………………………………………………………………178 5 3.5 – Um templo, duas confrarias concecionistas: a Real Confraria dos Escravos de Nossa Senhora da Conceição……………………………………………………………........198 Capítulo 4 – Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa e os santuários da época moderna. Uma perspetiva comparada……………………………………………...214 4.1 – Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa e Nossa Senhora da Nazaré da Pederneira: dois santuários regionais?...........................................................................215 4.2 – Vila Viçosa e Guadalupe: semelhanças e diferenças…..…………………………222 4.3 – Santiago, em Compostela. Nossa Senhora da Conceição, em Vila Viçosa……….229 Conclusão…………………………………………………………………………….234 Anexos………………………………………………………………………………...237 Apêndice Documental………………………………………………………………..302 Fontes e Bibliografia…………………………………………………………………364 6 Índice de Quadros, Gráficos e Mapas Quadros no texto I - Ofertas da Condessa de Alva a Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa (1720- 1743)…………………………………………………………………………………..122 II - Tipos de indulgências, em datas fixas, concedidas à Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa (1590) ……………………………………………………..138 III – Indulgências concedidas à Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa, distribuída pelos vários meses do ano (1590)………………………………………….140 IV - Características materiais dos bens móveis da Régia Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa (1679-1686)………………………………………………..154 V - Peças de tecido pertencentes à Régia Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa (1679-1686) ……………………………………………………………...156 VI - Características materiais dos bens móveis da Régia Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa (1719-1740)………………………………………………..161 VII - Peças de tecido pertencentes à Régia Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa (1719-1740)………………………………………………………………168 VIII – Comparação entre as peças registadas nos inventários de 1679 e de 1719………177 IX - Esmolas entregues à Régia Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa (1715-1750)…………………………………………………………………………...192 Gráficos no texto I – Evolução da receita e despesa monetária da Régia Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa (1715-1750)………………………………………………..181 II – Evolução da receita e despesa do trigo, da Régia Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa (1715-1750)………………………………………………..191 III – Evolução da receita e despesa do azeite, da Régia Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa (1715-1750) ……………………………………………….193 7 IV – Evolução da receita e despesa monetária da Real Confraria dos Escravos de Nossa Senhora da Conceição (1707-1751) …………………………………………………..202 V – Receita e despesa monetária da Régia Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa (1715-1750) e da Real Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição (1707- 1751) ………………………………………………….................................................212 Mapas no texto I – Localidades alentejanas devotas da Imaculada Conceição (séculos XVII e XVIII)............................................................................................................................145 II – Terras da Casa de Bragança devotas da Imaculada Conceição (séculos XVII e XVIII)…………………………………………………………………………………148 III – Localidades de onde eram provenientes as esmolas entregues à Régia Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Conceição
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