International Journal of English and Literature Volumevolume 5 5 Number Number 9 4 November June 2014 2014 ISSN 2141-2626
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International Journal of English and Literature VolumeVolume 5 5 Number Number 9 4 November June 2014 2014 ISSN 2141-2626 ABOUT IJEL The International Journal of English and Literature is published monthly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. The International Journal of English and Literature (IJEL) is an open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as African literatures, literature appreciation, cultural studies, literary styles etc. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published shortly after acceptance. All articles published in IJEL are peer-reviewed. Contact Us Editorial Office: [email protected] Help Desk: [email protected] Website: http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/IJEL Submit manuscript online http://ms.academicjournals.me/. Editors Dr. Nemati Azadeh Dr. Miguel Fernández Chicago State University, ED 215 Department of Teaching, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, 9501 South King Drive Chicago, Jahrom, USA. Iran. Prof. C.J. Odhiambo Dr. Sunil Mishra Department of Literature, Theatre and Dronacharya College Of Engineering, Film Studies. Gurgaon(Hr)123506, Moi University. P.O.Box 3900 India. Eldoret 30100, Kenya. Dr. Farid Parvaneh Department of English Language and Dr. Mrudula Lakkaraju Literature, Geethanjali College of Engineering and Islamic Azad University, Technology, Qom Branch, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, + Iran. India. Dr. Arezou Zalipour School of Language Studies and Linguistics, Dr. Ruzbeh Babaee Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, English language and literature, National University of Malaysia (UKM) University of Putra Malaysia. Banda Baru Bangi, 46300 Bangi Malaysia. Selangor, Darul Ehsan. Malaysia. Editorial Board Dr. Ahmed ElShiekh Dr.Kevin Moore Department of Translation and Linguistics, 154A Hicks Street, 3F Brooklyn, N.Y. 11201 Zarqa Private University, (917) 202-4565 Jordan. (718) 595-5758. USA. Prof. B. Abirami Dr.Shweta Garg Sri Krishna College of Technology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences IIT Mandi, Mandi Coimbatore, Himachal Pradesh, India. India. Dr. Mohammed I. Mahameed Dr. Vahid Nowrozi Department of English Language Department of publication and Centre and Literature, Sanjeshetakmili, and Translator in Corporate Faculty of Arts, Tafila Technical University, Social Responsibility Development Centre Tafila-Jordan. Tehran, Iran. Dr. Yildiz Turgut Department of School of Teaching and Learning University of Florida, Dr. Juan José Varela USA. Fernando III El Santo 7-8th, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Dr. Jitendra Kumar Mishra English Communications and Soft Skills, Spain. Faculty of Science and Technology, The ICFAI University Tripura. India. Dr. Amir El-Said Ebrahim Al-Azab Bossat Karim El-Deen-Sherbin-Mansoura. Dr. Patil Anand Balu Egypt. 202 Pratiksha, Survey No 96/97, Plot No 217, Nr Bhimsen Joshi Park, Right Bhusari Colony, Kothrud, Dr. Maya Khemlani David Pune, State: Maharashtra, Faculty of Languages and Linguistics India 411038. University of Malaya. Dr. Ream Fathi Fares Odetallah 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Department of English Language and Literature, Malaysia. Jordan University/Amman, Jordan. Dr. Kanwar Dinesh Singh Dr. Parul Mishra Government PG College, affiliated to HP Department of English, Banasthali Vidyapeeth University, University, India. Post Box # 5, G.P.O. SHIMLA: 171001 HP India. Dr. Dare Owolabi Department of English and Literary Dr. Ruzbeh Babaee Studies, Department of English language and Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, literature, Nigeria. University of Putra, Malaysia. Dr. Sindkhedkar P.S.G.V.P’s Mandal’s A.S.C College, Shahada 425409, India. International Journal of English and Literature Table of Contents: Volume 5 Number 9 November 2014 ARTICLES Review Looking at ‘Modern India’ IN Mark Tully’s NO FULL STOPS IN INDIA and NON- STOP INDIA 226 Sikhamoni Gogoi Research Articles The taxonomy of Nigerian varieties of spoken English 232 Oladimeji Kaseem Olaniyi Telling Stories in a World That Doesn’t Fit Them: Michael Ondaatje’s The English Patient 241 Lee Wan-lun Migration, disillusionment and diasperic experiences in Segun Afolabi’s Goodbye Lucille and a Life Elsewhere 250 Ugwanyi Dele Maxwell Canonization of Chinese literature in the English-speaking world: Construction, restrictions and measures 257 Ping Li The social animal: A scrutiny of Philip Larkin’s “Wants” 266 Puja Chakraberty Vol.5(9), pp. 226-231, November 2014 DOI: 10.5897/IJEL2013.0547 Article Number: 595589847759 International Journal of English and Literature ISSN 2141-2626 Copyright © 2014 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/IJEL Review Looking at ‘Modern India’ IN Mark Tully’s NO FULL STOPS IN INDIA and NON- STOP INDIA Sikhamoni Gogoi Distance Education, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh – 786004, Assam, India. Received 11 December 2013; Accepted 21 August, 2014 Mark Tully’s books, No Full Stops in India (1992) and Non Stop India (2011) are telling commentaries on the situation of post-independent India. Central to both books is the question of Indian ‘modernity’ or ‘development’ after independence, and in this regard they explore various aspects of Indian society, economy, politics and religion. The aim of this paper is to analyse how India has been pictured in these stories. This picture should be important for two reasons – firstly, that these stories come from the pen of an author who is not an Indian but British by birth; and secondly, because the author claims that in these stories, ‘Indians do as much of the speaking as possible’. Moreover, Non Stop India, written twenty years after No Full Stops, allows one to contemplate on the issues raised in the first book. The methodology used in this paper is mainly analytical, and combines tools of postcolonial theory and ideological criticism. The paper is constrained in that it tries to evaluate only two books by one author – Mark Tully. However, the researcher believes that this paper should contribute to define India’s present reality in a new light, which can be further researched into. Key words: India, Mark Tully, colonial legacy, postcolonial, modernity. INTRODUCTION Postcolonial studies refer to an effort by scholars in such Postcolonial writers and critics have played a very diverse disciplines as literature, cultural studies, history crucial role in nation-building of the once colonized and anthropology to come to terms, from a global nations. They have analysed the ‘nation’ as a construct. perspective, with the legacy of European colonialism. The A new nation is created so as to liberate the native scope of postcolonial theory includes experiences of culture from the oppressive structures imposed by the various kinds, such as: migration, slavery, suppression, colonizers. Exploring and investigating various contours resistance, representation, difference, race, gender, of the nation–geographical, economic, political, and place, and responses to the influential master discourses cultural – has been major themes of postcolonial writing. of imperial Europe such as history, philosophy and The postcolonial writers, who may or may not be a citizen linguistics, and the fundamental experiences of speaking of the colonized nation, situate themselves within and writing by which all these come into being. communities and their spaces. The writer as such has to E-mail: [email protected]. Abbreviations: NS, No Full Stops in India; NSI, Non Stop India. Author agree that this article remain permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Gogoi 227 be a part of the people’s life, their relationships, Empire in India. He was born on October 24, 1935 in emotions, histories, and memories. Their writing delves India. His father, William Scarth Carlisle Tully, was a into the modes of constructing, imagining, and stern British who worked for a very old and reputable representing the nation. Many post-colonial critics are managing agency, Gillanders Arbuthnot. He did not have however critical of this concept of ‘nation’. Benedict a very cordial relationship with his father, who he claims Anderson, in his Imagined Communities, has expressed was a ‘stern moralist’ with a very bad temper. His father the nation’s ambivalent emergence thus: was also against mixing up with the natives (Indians). He believed in the supremacy of the British as against the The century of the Enlightenment, of rationalist inferiority of the Indians. Throughout his whole life in secularism, brought with it its own modern darkness. India, Tully’s father kept himself and his family aloof. [Few] things were (are) suited to this end better than the They continued to eat British dishes and practised their idea of nation. If nation states are widely considered to be Christian faith. 'new' and 'historical', the nation states to which they give Tully had an elite British-style education. At the age of political expression always loom out of an immemorial four, Tully was sent to a British boarding school in past and ... glide into a limitless future. What I am Darjeeling, a hill station in eastern India. Due to World proposing is that Nationalism has to be understood, by War II, he was unable to return to England right away for aligning it not with self-consciously held political his education as was common for most British children in ideologies, but with large cultural systems that