Die Lateinische Umschrift Des Koreanischen Transliteration Oder Transkription ?

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Die Lateinische Umschrift Des Koreanischen Transliteration Oder Transkription ? HUMBOLDT-UNIVERSITÄT ZU BERLIN INSTITUT FÜR BIBLIOTHEKS- UND INFORMATIONSWISSENSCHAFT BERLINER HANDREICHUNGEN ZUR BIBLIOTHEKS- UND INFORMATIONSWISSENSCHAFT HEFT 164 DIE LATEINISCHE UMSCHRIFT DES KOREANISCHEN TRANSLITERATION ODER TRANSKRIPTION ? KOREANISCHE UND DEUTSCHE UMSCHRIFTSYSTEME IM VERGLEICH UNTER BESONDERER BERÜCKSICHTIGUNG DER PERSONENNAMEN UND DEREN PRAKTISCHEN BEARBEITUNG IN DEUTSCHEN BIBLIOTHEKEN VON JIN-SUK CHO 2 DIE LATEINISCHE UMSCHRIFT DES KOREANISCHEN TRANSLITERATION ODER TRANSKRIPTION ? KOREANISCHE UND DEUTSCHE UMSCHRIFTSYSTEME IM VERGLEICH UNTER BESONDERER BERÜCKSICHTIGUNG DER PERSONENNAMEN UND DEREN PRAKTISCHEN BEARBEITUNG IN DEUTSCHEN BIBLIOTHEKEN VON JIN-SUK CHO Berliner Handreichungen zur Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft Begründet von Peter Zahn Herausgegeben von Konrad Umlauf Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Heft 164 3 Cho, Jin-suk Die lateinische Umschrift des Koreanischen - Transliteration oder Transkription ? : Koreanische und deutsche Umschriftsysteme im Vergleich unter besonderer Berück- sichtigung der Personennamen und deren praktischen Bearbeitung in deutschen Bibliotheken / von Jin-suk Cho. - Berlin : Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informations- wissenschaft der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2006. - 183 S. - (Berliner Handrei- chungen zur Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft ; 164) ISSN 14 38-76 62 Abstract: Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der lateinischen Umschrift des Koreani- schen, die bei der Katalogisierung koreanischer Literatur in deutschen Bibliotheken verwendet wird. Neben den in Deutschland geltenden Umschriftregeln werden auch die vier in Südkorea entwickelten Umschriftsysteme vorgestellt und die Unter- schiede herausgearbeitet. Von besonderer Bedeutung und Schwerpunkt der Arbeit ist die Umschrift koreanischer Personennamen und deren je nach verwendeter Um- schriftregel unterschiedliche Ansetzungsformen, die häufig nicht oder nur schwer zusammenzuführen sind. Die Arbeit gibt eine Bestandsaufnahme dieser Problematik und umfasst - auch als Hilfsmittel für die Bearbeitung koreanischer Personennamen in Bibliotheken gedacht - eine empirische Analyse der durch die Autoren selbst romanisierten Personen- namen von 1.047 Koreaner, die zwischen 1990 und 1999 an deutschen Universitä- ten promoviert haben. Ziel der Arbeit ist es einerseits Lösungen für eine schnelle Beseitigung der Fehlerquellen aufzuzeigen, die bei der Ansetzung von Perso- nennamen aus der bisherigen Praxis resultieren, andererseits langfristig Abhilfe durch die Verwendung einer einheitlichen, international gültigen Umschrift des Kore- anischen zu finden. Diese Veröffentlichung ist die leicht überarbeitete Fassung einer Magisterarbeit am Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Online-Version: http://www.ib.hu-berlin.de/~kumlau/handreichungen/h164/ 4 Inhaltsverzeichnis Hinweise zur Transkription und zum Literaturverzeichnis ....................................7 Einführung in die Problematik .................................................................................8 1. Die koreanische Schrift und ihre lateinische Umschrift...................................12 1.1 Die koreanische Schrift........................................................................................12 1.1.1 Das Sinokoreanische .......................................................................................12 1.1.2 Die koreanische Buchstabenschrift ..................................................................14 1.1.2.1 Der Aufbau des koreanischen Alphabets.......................................................14 1.1.2.2 Die Grundprinzipien der Silbenbildung ..........................................................19 1.1.3 Die koreanische Schrift in der Gegenwart ........................................................21 1.2 Die lateinische Umschrift des Koreanischen ......................................................23 1.2.1 Historischer Überblick.......................................................................................23 1.2.2 Transkription und Transliteration ......................................................................30 2. Die offiziellen lateinischen Umschriftsysteme des Koreanischen in Deutschland und Südkorea ................................................................................34 2.1 Die lateinische Umschrift des Koreanischen für die alphabetische Katalogisierung in deutschen Bibliotheken ..........................................................34 2.1.1 Grundregeln für die lateinische Umschrift des Koreanischen im MR-System...36 2.1.2 Die Regeln für die Ansetzung der koreanischen Personennamen im modifizierten deutschen MR-System ...............................................................41 2.2 Die offiziellen Umschriftsysteme in Südkorea......................................................46 2.2.1 Die offizielle Regelung 1948: „Romanization of Han’gŭl“..................................46 2.2.2 Die offizielle Regelung 1959: „Romanization of Hangeul“ ................................47 2.2.3 Die offizielle Regelung 1984: „Romanization of Korean“ ..................................48 2.2.3.1 Grundregeln für die lateinische Umschrift des Koreanischen in der Regelung 1984 .............................................................................................48 2.2.3.2 Die Regeln für die Umschrift von Personennamen in der Regelung 1984.....50 2.2.4 Die offizielle Regelung 2000: „Revised Romanization of Korean“ ....................51 2.2.4.1 Grundregeln für die lateinische Umschrift des Koreanischen in der Regelung 2000 ..............................................................................................52 2.2.4.2 Die Regeln für die Umschrift von Personennamen nach der Regelung 2000 ..............................................................................................................54 5 2.3 Vergleich des MR-Systems mit den offiziellen Umschriftsystemen ..................... 56 2.3.1 Grundprinzip .................................................................................................... 56 2.3.2 Umschriftsystem der Konsonanten und Vokale................................................ 57 2.3.2.1 Konsonanten................................................................................................. 58 2.3.2.2 Vokale ........................................................................................................... 60 2.3.3 Die Regeln für die Umschrift von Personennamen .......................................... 62 3. Empirische Untersuchung der lateinischen Umschrift von koreanischen Personennamen .................................................................................................. 70 3.1 Umschriftmodus der Personennamen................................................................. 73 3.1.1 Verschiedene Varianten der Namensschreibung ............................................. 73 3.1.2 Die Problematik bei der bibliothekarischen Namensansetzung ....................... 76 3.2 Buchstabenumschrift in Personennamen............................................................ 78 3.2.1 Umschrift der Konsonanten.............................................................................. 81 3.2.2 Umschrift der Vokale........................................................................................ 90 3.2.3 Uneinheitlichkeit und Inkohärenz ................................................................... 102 3.3 Problematik und Folgen für die bibliothekarische Namensansetzung............... 106 3.3.1 Die Problematik des Transkriptionsprinzips ................................................... 106 3.3.2 Die Problematik der Anwendung von diakritischen Zeichen........................... 107 3.3.3 Die Folgen für die Namensansetzung in deutschen Bibliotheken .................. 109 Schlussfolgerung...................................................................................................111 Abkürzungsverzeichnis........................................................................................ 119 Literatur- und Internetquellenverzeichnis........................................................... 120 Hinweise zum Anhang .......................................................................................... 132 Anhang .................................................................................................................. 133 6 Hinweise zur Transkription und zum Literaturverzeichnis In dieser Arbeit werden die koreanischen Eigennamen, Sachtitel und Begriffswörter, deren Quellen in koreanischer Schrift sind, nach dem in deutschen Bibliotheken gel- tenden McCune-Reischauer-System transkribiert, soweit es nicht anders vermerkt wird. Im Literaturverzeichnis werden die Titel der koreanischen Literatur sinngemäß ins Deutsche übersetzt, um den Inhalt dieser Literatur kenntlich zu machen. 7 Einführung in die Problematik Wir leben in einer global vernetzten Informationsgesellschaft. Die Katalogrecherche steht zwar immer noch am Beginn jeder Bibliotheksbenutzung, aber sie wird immer mehr am häuslichen PC vorgenommen. Dementsprechend wird die traditionelle Funktion der Bibliotheken, Bücher für die Benutzer vor Ort bereitzustellen, zuneh- mend mit der Funktion eines Logistikzentrums verschmelzen, das durch raffinierte Technik mit den kleineren und größeren Informationslagerhallen national und inter- national verbunden wird. Aber je mehr die Informationen global vernetzt werden, desto wichtiger wird das Referenzproblem, wobei die in nicht westlichen
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