RADIAN CORPORATION

204-139-07-01 DCN: 87-204-139-05

LOCKHEED PROPULSION (X)MPANY BEAUMONT TEST FACILITIES

QAPP HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN

REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION

Prepared for:

Mr. William A. Sullivan Lockheed Corporation 4500 Park Granada Boulevard Calabasas. CA 91399

Prepared by:

Chris Koerner. P.E. Ann Fornes Radian Corporation 10395 Old PlaceIVille Road Sacramento. CA 95827

June 25 • 19 87

10395 Old Placerville Rd./Sacramento, California 958271(916)362-5332 ----RADIAN

TABLE OF

1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPI'ION •••••••••• 1-1

2.0 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY • 2-1

3 .0 QA OBJECTIVES FOR MEASUREMENT DATA IN TERMS OF PRECISION, ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, REPRESENTATIVENESS, AND COMP ARAB !LI TY • • • • • • 3-1

4. 0 SAMPLE (X)LLECTION PROTOCOL • • • • • 4-1 4.1 Soil-Vapor Investigation 4-8 4.2 Ground-Water Investigation • • 4-18 4.3 Soil Sampling Investigation • • •• 4-49

5.0 SAMPLE aJSTODY ••••••••••• 5-1

6.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY 6-1

7. 0 ANAL YT! CAL PROCEDURES • • • 7-1

8.0 DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION, AND REPORTING • 8-1

9.0 INTERNAL QUALITY

10.0 PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEMS AUDIT • 10-1

11.0 PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE. • 11-1

12.0

13.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTING • • 13-1

i RADIAN COllllOIUll'IOI

LIST OF TABLES

3-1 Summary of Analytical Methods Precision & Accuracy Objectives • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• 3-2

4-1 Summary of Proposed Sampling Activities at Beaumont No. 1 4-5 4-2 Summary of Proposed Sampling Activities at Beaumont No. 2 4-7 4-3 Beaumont No. 1 Proposed Monitoring Wells • • • • • 4-21 4-4 Beaumont No. 2 Proposed Monitoring Wells • • ••• 4-26 4-5 Water Sample Storage and Preservation Methods 4-46

7-1 Water Sample Storage and Preservation Methods • • • • • 7-3 7-2 Summary of Calibration and Internal Quality Control Procedures for EPA Method 200.7 (CLP Modified) ••••••••••••••• 7-7 7-3 EPA Method 200.7 (CLP Modified) Trace Elements (Metals) 7-8 Parameters and Detection Limits 7-4 EPA Method 601 (Water) • • • • • 7-11 Purgeable Halocarbons Parameters and Detection Limits 7-5 EPA Method 8080 (Soil) • • • • • ...... 7-12 Organochloride Pesticides and PCB's Parameters and Detection Limits 7-6 Summary of Calibration and Internal Quality Control Procedures for EPA Method 608 • • • • • 7-13 7-7 EPA Method 624 (Water) 7-15 EPA Method 8240 (Soil) Purageable Halocarbons and Aromatics Parameters and Detection Limits 7-8 Summary of Calibration and Internal Quality Control Procedures for EPA Method 624 (CLP Modified) . . 7-16 7-9 EPA Method 625 (Water) • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 7-18 EPA Method 8270 (Soil) Base/Neutral and Acid Extractable Analysis Parameters and Detection Limits 7-10 Summary of Calibration and Internal Quality Control Procedures for EPA Method 625 (CLP Modified) 7-21

8-1 Coding of Sample QC Data • • • . • • • 8-3

ii __.._RADIAN

LIST OF FIGURES

1-1 Location of Beaumont No. 1 and No. 2 Test Facilities • 1-2 1-2 Preliminary Ground-Water Investigation Distribution of Solvent Concentrations • • •••••••••••••• 1-5 1-3 Alluvial Aquifer Water Table Elevations • • • • • • • • 1-6

2-1 Organizational Chart • 2-2

4-1 Beaumont No. 1. General Areas of Investigation • 4-3 4-2 Soil-Vapor Probe • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4-14 4-3 Beaumont No. 1 Proposed Monitoring Well Locations 4-20 4-4 Beaumont No. 2 Proposed Monitoring Well Locations 4-25 4-5 Well Log • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4-30 4-6 Well Completion Log • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4-31 4-7 Monitoring Well Completion • • •••••••• 4-35 4-8 Monitoring Well Surface Completion • • • • • 4-37 4-9 Well Completion Log • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4-38 4-10 Ground-Water Gauging Data Sheet • • • • 4-42 4-11 Sampling Locations at Burn Pit Area. Beaumont No. 1 4-56 4-12 Sampling Locations at Permitted Landfill. Beaumont No. 1 ••••• 4-57 4-13 Sampling Locations at Garbage Dump. Beaumont No. 2 4-58 4-14 Sampling Locations at Mix Station/Washout Area. Beaumont No. 1 • • . • • . • • . . . . . • . . . 4-59 4-15 Sampling Locations at LPC Ballistics Area. Beaumont No. 1 4-60 4-16 Sampling Locations at Eastern Aerojet Area. Beaumont No. 1 • 4-61 4-17 Sampling Locations at LPC Test Area East. Beaumont No. 1 • 4-62 4-18 Sampling Locations at LPC Test Area West. Beaumont No. 1 • 4-63 4-19 Sampling Locations at LSM Washout Area. Beaumont No. 1 •••••• 4-64 4-20 Sampling Locations at Helicopter Test Area. Beaumont No. 1 • 4-65 4-21 Sampling Locations at Western Aerojet Area. Beaumont No. 1 • 4-66 4-22 Sampling Locations at Beaumont No. 2 North • • • • • • • 4-67 4-23 Sampling Locations at Beaumont No. 2 South • • • • • • • • • • • • 4-68 4-24 Potential Locations of Buried Radioactive Waste • • • • • • • • • 4-69

5-1 Example of On-Site Master Sample Log 5-2 5-2 Radian Sample Label ••• 5-3 5-3 Chain of Custody Form • • • • • 5-5 12-1 Corrective Action Flow Scheme ...... 12-2

iii RADIAN co•~o••TION

1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Summary of Previous Investigations

Radian Corporation has conducted a preliminary assessment of past activities at two former Lockheed test facilities near Beaumont. California to identify potential sources of surface and subsurface contamination. The sites. operated by Lockheed Propulsion Company (LPC) are located in a semiarid region approximately 70 miles east of Los Angeles near the city of Beaumont. as shown on Figure 1-1. Daninant vegetation consists of chaparral mixed with lowgrowing sage brush and local stands of tall trees near creek beds.

The larger site. with approximately 9 .100 acres. is the Beaumont No. 1 facility and was the site of the majority of testing activities. The smaller facility. with 2.500 acres. is located approximately five miles to the northwest of the larger site and is referred to as the Beaumont No. 2 site. The two facilities were used for the processing. testing. and disposal of solid rocket propellant. among other products. in the 1960s and early 1970s. The facilities ceased active operation in 1974.

The Beaumont No. 1 site is located in a broad alluvial valley known as the San Jacinto Nuevo Y Potrero. Potrero Creek bisects the site in a northeast to southwest direction and is fed by local tributary drainage. It flows into the San Jacinto River via Massacre Canyon at the southwest corner of the site. Elevations range from 1.500 feet above mean sea level (MSL) near the mouth of Massacre Canyon to about 3. 700 feet on the ridges near the southern boundary of the site. The site is surrounded by rolling hills and rugged mountains.

The Beaumont No. 2 site lies in a transition zone between the western foothills of the San Jacinto Mountains to the southeast and an area known as The Badlands to the northwest. Site elevations range from 2.500 feet MSL at the northern boundary to 1.800 feet near the mouth of Laborde Canyon. the principal drainage. to ·the south.

1-1 Rev. 6/23/87 Disk 110033 :1 ~ :a:11 N ·-

~·

Beaumont No. 2 Site

No. 1 Site

~ I N

Sant~Catalina Island

0 10 20 Gulf of Santa Catalina Scale In Miies

S208

Figure 1-1. Location of Beaumont No. 1 and No. 2 Test Facilities. RADIAN CO• .. O•ATIOll

Prior to acquisition of these sites as testing facilities. the predominant activity was ranching. Their use as a remote testing facility for space and defense programs was initiated in the 1950's when purchased by the

Grand Central Rocket Company. Lockheed purchased the property in 1960 1 with the Lockheed Propulsion Company (LPC) operating facilities at both sites. and in Redlands, beginning in 1963.

The Beaumont No. 1 facility was used by LPC until 1974 for solid propellant mixing and testing. ballistics testing. motor casing washout. and incineration of waste propellant. The Beaumont No. 2 facility was used by LPC during the same period. primarily for the assembly of rocket motors with some rocket motor testing and propellant incineration.

A complete review of the historical activities at the two Lockheed Beaumont sites is contained in the "Historical Report" prepared by Radian Corporation (September 1986). The effort was a component of the preliminary investigation of contamination that exists at the sites. Potential sources were identified by reviewing Lockheed's files, conducting interviews and site visits with past employees. and interpreting historical aerial photographs. Based on this information, recommendations for further study were developed. Principal areas of concern included the burn pits and the Permitted Sanitary Landfill located at Beaumont No. 1, the Garbage Dump at Beaumont No. 2 and, to a lesser extent, the Motor Washout areas and the LPC test area (Beaumont No. 1). Also of concern is the reported burial of radioactive waste in a canyon south of the Betatron Building at Site No. 1.

The follow-up Preliminary Remedial Investigation (Radian Corp •• December 1986) addressed these issues through an initial sampling program designed to provide the information needed to develop a comprehensive work plan, which is the subject of this report. The preliminary efforts included:

• A geophysical study to provide further information regarding the lateral ·extent of contaminant source areas;

1-3 Rev. 6/23/87 Disk 110033 RADIAN CORPORATIO•

• The sampling of ground water and-determination of water levels at existing wells; the analytical results established the presence of chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination in the upper alluvial aquifer; and

• The formulation of a conceptual hydrogeologic model of the site based on this investigation and four site-specific hydrogeologic reports (Ransom. 1932. and Leighton and Associ­ ates 1983a. 1983b and 1984).

The results of the initial study indicates the presence of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the alluvial aquifer at Beaumont No. 1 in a plume extending to the west of the burn pit and propellant mixing areas. This aquifer consists of the sandy alluvium filling the valley bottoms throughout the center of the site. It is thought to be underlain by an impermeable conglomerate. separating the alluvial aquifer from a second water-bearing unit. the crystalline rock aquifer. This lower aquifer consists of fractured portions of crystalline basement rock complex.

1.1-dichloroethylene (1.1-DCE). 1-1-dichloroethahe (1.1-DCA). 1. 1. !-trichloroethane ( 1. 1.1-TCA). and trichloroethylene (TCE) comprise the major portion of the contaminants found at Beaumont No. 1. Low or trace levels of chloroform. 1. 2-dichloroethane (1. 2-DCA). 1.1. 2. 2-tetrachloroethane and tetra(per)chloroethylene (PCE) were also detected. In addition to chlorinated hydrocarbons. 4-methyl phenol was found in a single well. OW-3. Figure 1-2 presents the location of the existing monitoring well network and the distribution of contaminants at the site. Ground-water gradients. indicated on Figure 1-3. are based on water level information obtained during the initial field work.

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Approximate Boundary of Alluvial Deposition

Intermittent Stream

Existing Roads

0 • Lockheed Water Production W \ .... Leighton & AHociatea Obaerv

SOLVEPrr TCE TrictOon>ethylene AC~) 1, 1-i>CE 1. 1-ilichloroethylene 1.2-0CE Trena-1.2- Olehloroethylene TCA T riehloroethane 2J 1, 1-i>CA 1, 1-ilic:hloroethane 2C 1.2--0CA. 1.2-iliehlOn>ethane 4-Methylphenol Phenol

NOTE: AH wa"'9• ar• •n A19/t-ppb.

• Ex.,_ OHS Action level•

SO Semi-QuanUta tive

.... \ \ . \····· ... ·\

:~Sanitary Landfill ) \ \ .. ~ .···-\- ...... ~ ~~·····\·· ... . ·: ~ /.:·· W-5. ··• ... ~-- \ \ r-F/ "~.:~ i ... :: _)_,. .: ~) ;--····, / ~ : ·~···!/ ~ N

,TIGATION iRATIONS 0 600 1200 6caMt W1 feet L__

Approxima1e Boundary of Alluvial Deposition

tntennittent Stream

Existing Roads • Lockheed Water Production V. A Leighlon & Asaoci.olea Obaen\

Approxim81• Weier Level Con11) (FH1 - Mean S.a Level)

Direction of Gromd-waler FlowI

······ \ \ . \····· ... ··~

:~San.~itary Landfill \ ( ,,@oooo. ·::··\ ...... : ") / '2127.01·)1····.:s.,. / ······:..:..._ '\ .... ,, ow-u. ) \ . \ !.··' ... :21•'8.93') . . ~)' . ~.- .\\ .:~~"' l

0 600 1200

Scale In F ..1 RADIANco•.-o•aT10•

It has not been determined whether the major source of sol vent contamination is from the burn pit, propellant mixing or SRAM washout areas because of the lack of monitoring wells in optimum locations. All areas could have experienced solvent disposal. The proposed work will attempt to determine the actual source of contamination.

The geophysical investigation was conducted using terrain conductivity. ground penetrating radar (GPR), and magnetic locating techniques in four areas of the two Beaumont sites. These areas include the burn pit, the location of the suspected radioactive waste burial. the permitted sanitary landfill, and the garbage dump at Beaumont No. 2. The results of this study has aided in determining the lateral limits of the burn pits and waste disposal sites. Some information was also gained regarding the alignment of individual trenches in the burn pits. Several anomalous areas in two canyons were also identified by the GPR survey, thus identifying possible locations for the burial sites of the low-level radioactive wastes.

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Remedial Investigation Objective

The objective of the remedial investigation described in this Quality Assurance Project Plan/Work Plan (QAPP) is to define the nature and extent of plume and source contamination at the two Lockheed Beaumont sites, and to ascertain the absence of contamination where none is suspected. This investigation will produce the scientifically accurate and defensible data which is necessary and sufficient to:

• Evaluate and implement remedial alternatives which will allow for unrestricted use of the Beaumont No. 1 site: and

• Identify and mitigate any significant risks to biological receptors at Beaumont No. 2, possibly implementing land use restrictions for the site.

To facilitate this evaluation, the California Department of Health Services (DHS) has suggested that the areas at the two Beaumont Facilities be divided into three general groups as follows:

Group 1 - This group includes the majority of the land area at both Lockheed test facilities. This land is relatively undisturbed, consisting of open land, farmland, and gun ranges.

Group 2 - Areas where Lockheed operations and associated activities took place are contained in this group. These include washout, mixing and storage areas, areas close to buildings or other struc­ tures, and areas near test equipment and pads. Areas where hazard­ ous materials could have been used or disposed on the surface are included in this group.

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Group 3 - This group includes areas where waste materials. including hazardous wastes. were known to have been disposed or buried. Included in this group are landfills. burn pits. and the burial site reportedly used to dispose of radioactive wastes.

The objectives of this study will be accomplished through the following activities. which are described in detail in Section 4 of this document:

Soil-Vapor Surveys

Soil-vapor samples will be collected from shallow probes and boreholes and analyzed for volatile organics in order to:

• Locate potential contaminant sources at the Group 3 areas (burn pits. burial sites. and landfills):

• Document the presence or absence of contamination in the Group 1 and 2 areas by random sampling:

• Satisfy requirements of the Calderon Act: and

• Determine if there is a correlation between soil-vapor data and the ground-water contaminant plume and aid in locating ground-water monitoring wells.

Soil Sampling

Soil samples will be collected and analyzed for volatile and semi-volatile organics by GC/MS and for metals in order to:

• Provide random surface sample data in the Group 1 areas. where no contamination is suspected:

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• Provide specific surface and near-surface sample data in the Group 2 areas where site operations occurred (i.e. washout and beryllium storage areas);

• Verify suspected soil contamination. as determined by high readings on field instruments or by visual observation by taking selected samples from boreholes; and

• Determine the nature and extent of contamination by sampling from trenches dug across the burn pits and landfill areas.

Ground Water

Ground-water monitoring wells will be installed in the shallow and deep aquifers and water samples will be analyzed on site for purgeable organics and metals. Samples with high contaminant levels. as determined by field analysis. will be analyzed for volatile and semi-volatile organics by GC/MS. If field results indicate that the ground-water plume has not been sufficiently characterized by the proposed wells. then additional wells will be installed as necessary at that time. This program will:

• More precisely determine the nature and extent (both lateral and vertical) of ground-water contamination:

• Analyze water samples using a field laboratory in order to obtain real-time information concerning the presence of contam­ ination in newly-drilled wells. This technique will allow the more efficient location of additional wells. It will also allow an iterative field study approach to be used while in the field, thus eliminating the need to remobilize the field crew;

• Identify the extent, thickness, and effectiveness of the confining layer separating the upper and lower aquifers:

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• Determine the piezometric head and water quality in the lower crystalline aquifer;

• Determine the confinement mechanism that causes artesian conditions in the area of OW-2 (Beaumont No. 1. Figure 4-1);

• Define where and how the alluvial aquifer intersects the ground surface resulting in natural discharge. further in the western canyon; and

• Satisfy requirements of the Calderon Act.

Locate the Buried Radioactive Waste

The radioactive waste reportedly buried in one of four canyons at the Beaumont No. 1 site will be located by removing and closely monitoring soil from prioritized suspected burial locations until the waste is found and can be sampled.

All data from the above activities will be available-in the field to project officers and staff of the regulatory agencies. Agency personnel are welcome and encouraged to observe and participate in the field activities and decisions through the lead agency. DHS. Both Radian and Lockheed believe that this participation is necessary in order to produce a field investigation that is effective and complete.

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2. 0 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY

The Radian project team, as illustrated in Figure 2.1, consists of:

• Mr. Robert Vandervort, P.E. -- Program Manager, with ultimate responsibility for the program, assuring that schedule and budget commitments are met, and that the technical work satisfies project goals.

• Mr. Christopher Koerner, P.E. -- Project Director, responsible for providing technical direction and supervision of the project, and for reporting the study results.

Task Leaders are responsible for all aspects of their respective tasks, and report to the Project Director.

• Ms. Ann Fornes, Assistant Project Director and Task Leader for data management;

• Mr. Doug Holsten, R.G., Task Leader for the hydrogeologic investigation:

• Ms. Judith Billica, Task Leader for soil vapor and soil sam­ pling investigations;

The Radian peer review group provides independent project review and reports directly to the Project Director.

• Mr. Robert Lawson, CIR, RSP, peer review for health and safety;

• Ms. Joy Rogalla, peer review for quality assurance: and

• Dr. Donald Bishop, R.G., leader of the peer review group.

2-1 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk /10033 ;JJ :11 FRED REED KEN ASBURY WILLIAM SULLIVAN Program Manager :a Lockheed Corp. LEMSCo ·-!II :z ROBERT VANDERVORT, P.E. Project Manager

CHRIS KOERNER, P.E. Project Director I Peer Review

I DONALD BISHOP, JOY ROGALLA ROBERT LAWSON N C.l.H.,C.S.P. I Ph.D., A.G. Quality Assurance N Health and Safety Hydrogeology

I I

ANN FORNES DOUG HOLSTEN, A.G. JUDITH BILLICA Assistant Project Director/ Task Leader Task Leader Task Leader Hydrologic Investigation Soil Vapor and Data Management, Soll Sampling lnvtistigation Reporting

Figure 2-1. Organizational Chart. RADIANco•Po••TIOll

Following completion of the draft report by Radian. a second level of technical peer review will be performed by Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Company (LEMSCO) under the direction of Ken Asbury. Following the receipt of LEMSCO' s comments. Radian will prepare a final document for agency submittal.

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3.0 QA OBJECTIVES FOR MEASUREMENT DATA IN TERMS OF PRECISION, ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, REPRESENTATIVENESS, AND COMPARABILITY

The purpose of Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) procedures is to produce data of known high quality that meets or exceeds the require­ ments of standard analytical methods, and satisfies the program requirements. The objective of the quality assurance efforts for this program are two-fold. First, they will provide the mechanism for ongoing control and evaluation of measurement data quality throughout the course of the project. Second, quality control data will ultimately be used to define data quality for the various measurement parameters in terms of precision and accuracy. Data quality objectives for the various measurement parameters associated with site characterization efforts are presented in Table 3-1.

Quality control limits for control sample analyses, acceptability limits for replicate analyses, and response factor agreement criteria are based upon precision, in terms of the coefficient of variation (CV), i.e., the relative standard deviation or relative percent difference (RPD). The stan­ dard deviation of a sample set is calculated as:

2 S = standard deviation =J [f~=~l \

where, x = individual measurement x = mean value for the individual measurements n = number of measurements

The CV is then calculated as:

CV = (S/x) x 100%

3-1 Rev. 6/24/87 Disk //0033 TABLE 3-1. SUMMARYOF ANALYTICALMETHODS PRECISION AND ACaJRACY OBJECTIVES ::a Confirmation Reference Preparation Type of for Precision a :111 b Parameter Method Process Analysis Identification Field Lab Accuracy :a Trace EPA 200.7 Digestion Inductively -- 20% 15% _:t50% Elements (CLP Modified) by HN0 Coupled Plasma 3 ·- Emission Spectroscopy ~= (ICPES)

Purgeable EPA 601 Purge and Gas chromatography/ Second- 20% 15% Per method Halocarbons Trap Hall column QC acceptance Electroconductivity Confirmation criteria Detector (HECD) (HECD)

Organochlorine EPA 608 Methylene Gas Chromatography/ -- 20% 15% Per Method Pesticides 8080 (Soil) Chloride Electron Capture QC acceptance and PCB's Extraction criteria w Purge able EPA 624 Purge and Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectral 20% 15% Per method I Organic 8240 (Soil) Trap Mass Spectroscopy Confirmation QC acceptance N Priority (CLP Modified) criteria Pollutants

Base/Neutrals EPA 625 Methylene Gas Chromatography/ Hass Spectral 20% 15% Per method and Acid 8270 (Soil) Chloride Mass Spectroscopy Confirmation QC acceptance Extract ables (CLP Hodif ied) Extraction criteria

: Percent difference for replicate analyses in the range of approximately 5 times the detection limit. Determined using method QC acceptance criteria for matrix spikes. RADIAN co•PO•ATIOll

These CV limits are estimates of the magnitude of uncertainty inherent in the analytical metals. and are used to screen analytical results; data that fall outside the limits are qualified as uncertain. and are not used in quantitative data analysis or interpretation. In the case of unacceptable control samples. analytical results for associated samples are qualified. The actual uncertainty in the acceptable data will be characterized in terms of accuracy. precision and bias (formulas presented in Section 8.0). and this uncertainty will be incorporated into the data analysis and interpretation.

It should be noted that in terms of impact upon the program objectives. data quality is not equally important for all measurements. Measurements using real-time portable analyzers. for instance. are in most cases used only to provide relative concentration measurements or monitor the working environment as part of the safety program. In these applications. absolute accuracy is of little consequence.

Data representativeness is a function of sampling strategy and is discussed in the appropriate sampling plans. Data comparability will be achieved by using standard units of measure as specified in the methods. The objective for data capture for all measurement parameters will be 90 percent. where completeness is defined as the percentage of valid or acceptable data in total tests conducted.

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4.0 SAMPLE COLLECTION PROTOCOL

This section describes. in detail. the strategy and procedures for soil-vapor. soil. and ground-water sampling activities. For each component of this study. a strategy has been developed to minimize effort and costs and to maximize the value of the data generated. This sampling effort has been planned for optimum efficiency. taking into account the historical background of the facilities (Radian Corp.. September 1986). and information obtained from the existing monitoring well network and geophysical studies (Radian Corp •• December 1986).

In general. the sampling strategy involves using the soil-vapor investigation technique as a screening tool to perform an initial study at each area. The locations of both soil samples and monitoring wells will. in part. be dependent on the results of the soil-vapor studies.

The soil-vapor and soil sampling requirements for Groups 1. 2. and 3 are summarized below. Based on the results of the soil-vapor screening. composite and/ or discrete soil samples will be collected from each probe location within the area. Composite soil samples will provide a more repre­ sentative characterization of an area. at a lower cost. and will document the presence or absence of contamination. The fact that soil samples are compos­ ites and. in effect. may dilute any contamination that is present. will be taken into account during reporting of the results.

Group 3 Areas

- A soil-vapor survey will be conducted around the perimeter of the burn pits. the sanitary landfill. and the garbage dump. and will be extended to define the limits of any detected plume (see Fig­ ures 4-11 through 4-13 at the end of this section).

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- A trench will be dug across each area and soil/waste samples will be collected.

Group 2 Areas

- One soil-vapor sample will be collected from each major site within the areas where former activities took place. General areas of investigation are shown on Figure 4-1. The specific sites, contained within each area, are indicated on Figures 4-14 through 4-23, and can be found at the end of this section.

- Soil sampling for Group 2 areas will involve both surface and subsurface sampling.

- If the soil vapor samples taken from the individual sites within a given area indicate no or low contamination levels, then one compos­ ite surface and one composite subsurface soil sample will be col­ lected and submitted for analysis. These soil samples will consist of a subsample from each of the sites where a soil-vapor probe was located.

- If any of the soil-vapor samples taken from the individual sites within a given area indicate contaminant levels that are measurably above background, then further soil-vapor samples will be obtained to locate the area of highest contamination. A discrete surface and subsurface soil sample will be collected from the site of highest contamination. In addition, one surface and one subsurface compos­ ite soil sample will be collected, consisting of subsamples from the other soil-vapor sampling locations.

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Scale In Feet I

Figure 4-1. Bea RADIAN CORIOORATIO•

Group 1 Areas

- The sampling strategy for the Group 1 areas is the same as that for the Group 2 areas, except that no subsurface sampling is planned.

Tables 4-1 and 4-L list all of the areas and the group designation for both of the Beaumont sites, and outline the areas where samples will be taken. The number of samples listed in the tables is approximate. The actual number may vary as the field investigation continues. The table corresponds to the individual area maps which are presented as Figures 4-14 through 4-23 located at the end of this section. More detailed discussion of the sampling strategy and procedures is contained in the following subsections.

The intent of the ground-water investigation is to determine the nature and extent of any contaminated ground water and to determine the sources of that contamination. The preliminary remedial investigation per­ formed by Radian Corporation at the Beaumont Test Facilities (December 1986) provides the rationale for the approximate location of each of the 22 proposed monitoring wells. The data gathered during the soil-vapor investigation will be used to refine the locations of these wells, if a correlation between soil-vapor and known ground-water contaminant concentrations can be estab­ lished, based on information from the existing monitoring well network.

Additionally, the information provided by the ground-water investi­ gation will better define the characteristics of the aquifers underlying the Beaumont sites and assist in the evaluation of hydrogeologic conditions.

The following discussion represents the initial plan of operation. Modification of these plans may be necessary as the results of the field effort are reviewed. All data will be available to the regulatory agency project officers, and their participation in the decision-making process, coordinated through the Department of Health Services (OHS), is welcomed.

4-4 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk /10033 ;~ TABLE 4-1. SUMMARYOF PROPOSED SAMPLING ACTIVITIES AT BEAUMONTNO. 1 :a:11 Soil Sampling Proposed Number of Samples ·- Surface Sub-surface Area Group Soil-Vapor (Composite) (Composite) Trench ~·

Burn Pit 3 Perimeter Testing 2 Trenches 5 Samples

Mix Station/ 2 Fuel Slurry 1 1 Washout Area Mix Station Cast Station Washout Area Blue Motor

+="" I \JI LPC ballistics 2 Gun Mount 1 1 Test Area Storage Building Class A Storage TNT Area Test Area Impact Area

Eastern Aerojet 1 Disturbed Trench 1 Area Gun Placement Target Area Storage Revetments Avanti Motor Storage

LPC Test Services 2 Betatron 1 1 Area-East Bone Yard Conditioning Oven Storage Magazine Small Motor Assembly

(Continued) :;111 TABLE 4-1 (Continued) :a:11 Soil Sampling Proposed Number of Samples ·-!II Surface Sub-surface :z Area Group Soil-Vapor (Composite) (Composite) Trench

LPC test services 2 Conditioning Chambers 1 1 Area--West EBES Facilities Facilities Storage Test Bay Igniter Magazine

.i:-- 1 LSM 2 Near Concrete Pad 1 1 °' Washout Area (Including (Including soil from soil from wash) wash)

Helicopter Test 1 Near Former Gun 1 Area Mount

Permitted Landfill 2 Perimeter Testing 1 Trench 2 Samples

Western Aerojet 1 Test Area 1 Area South End North End TABLE 4-2. SUMMARYOF PROPOSED SAMPLING ACTIVITIES AT BEAUMONTNO. 2 ::a :11 Soil Sampling :a Surface Sub-surface Area Group Soil-Vapor (Composite) (Composite) Trench ·- ~= Garbage Dump 3 Perimeter Testing 1 Trench 2 Samples

Beaumont No. 2 2 Assembly Building 1 1 North Centrifuge West Test Bay Middle Test Bay East Test Bay

Beaumont No. 2 2 Conditioning Chamber - N 1 1 ~ I South Conditioning Chamber - S ....., Propellant Burn Area West Storage Area East Storage Area RADIAN COR~ORATIOll

4.1 Soil-Vapor Investigation

Sampling of the vadose zone soil vapor will be conducted at the former Lock.heed test facilities as part of the remedial investigation effort. Real time sample results. obtained through the use of a mobile laboratory. will allow the analysis of data in the field. and the continual evaluation and modification of the sampling strategy outlined in this section. Samples will be analyzed in the mobile laboratory for trichloroethylene. 1-1-1-trichloro­ ethane. tetrachloroethylene. 1-1-dichloroethylene. 1-1-dichloroethane. 1-2-di­ chloroethane. benzene. toluene. and xylenes. with detection limits in the part-per-billion range. The halogenated compounds include the contaminants previously identified as being present in the ground water. In addition. evacuated stainless steel canister samples will be collected and analyzed in Radian's EPA-certified laboratory to validate the field soil-vapor analysis.

The soil-vapor study has been designed to:

• Locate sources and assess the general extent of contamination at Group 3 areas. especially the burn pits and landfill sites;

• Document the presence or absence of contamination in randomly­ selected areas of the Group 1 and 2 sites;

• Provide guidance for determining the optimum locations of ground-water monitoring wells based on the mapping of possible soil-vapor contamination;

• Determine if there is a correlation between ground-water and soil-vapor chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination; and

4-8 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk 110033 RADIAN CORPORATIOll

• Satisfy the intent of the Calderoh Bill (Health and Safety Code Section 41805 .• 5. AB3374, 1986), which requires testing at solid waste disposal sites, by determining if there is any under­ ground landfill gas within, or migrating beyond, the perimeter of the sites.

The results of the soil-vapor sampling will be used, in conjunction with ground-water sampling data, soil sampling results, and information obtained by physical excavations, to delineate the nature and extent of contamination at the two Lockheed Beaumont facilities.

Soil-Vapor Sampling Strategy

The soil-vapor sampling strategy for each group of sites is summa­ rized below.

Group 3 Sampling. A shallow-depth, soil-vapor investigation will be conducted in Group 3 areas (where hazardous wastes were known to have been disposed) at Beaumont Sites No. 1 and No. 2. The locations include the burn pit area, the permitted sanitary landfill (Beaumont No. 1) 1 and the garbage dump (Beaumont No. 2). The information resulting from this effort will help establish the areal extent of contamination, in conjunction with data from the ground-water and soil sampling activities. Also, the soil-vapor information will assist in defining the locations of new monitoring wells.

A two-step approach will be used to select soil probe locations at each of the Group 3 investigation areas. The initial probes at each site will be located at intervals of approximately 200 feet along the perimeter of the sites. Maps indicating approximate perimeters, based on the previous geophys­ ical study, and sample locations are included in Figures 4-11, 4-12, and 4-13, for the burn pits, the permitted sanitary landfill, and the garbage dump, respectively. The results of the first phase of analysis will be plotted on a base map, and preliminary contour mapping of shallow contaminant concentra­ tions in the vapor phase will be conducted using on-site computers.

4-9 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk /10033 RADIAN co•1tO•ATIOM

Following the initial appraisal of soil-vapor contamination, addi­ tional· probes will be installed, if necessary. to give more thorough defini­ tion to areas where information is incomplete, If no contamination is detect­ ed, then the investigation for the particular area will be concluded, If contamination is discovered and ground-water monitoring wells are installed. soil-vapor data from deeper levels will be obtained in conjunction with the drilling activity.

Group 1 and 2 Sampling. Soil-vapor sampling will be conducted in Group 1 areas where there has been relatively little disturbance. and Group 2 areas, where past Lockheed activities included the use of hazardous materials. The intent of soil-vapor sampling is to screen for the presence or absence of contaminants at "worst case" locations within each area. Soil-vapor sampling will also provide information to allow decisions concerning the collection of discrete or composite samples in the soil sampling activity as discussed Section 4.3. The locations for soil-vapor and soil sampling in Group 1 and 2 areas was determined by reviewing aerial photography and historical informa­ tion for each area. A single soil-vapor sample will be collected at locations where major area activities occurred during site operation. Tentative sample locations for each area are shown in Figures 4-14 through 4-23. If no contam­ ination is detected. the soil-vapor study of that area will be concluded. If contamination is found. additional sampling will be initiated in order to determine the source.

Correlation of Soil-Vapor and Ground-Water Contamination. The results of the "Preliminary Remedial Investigation" (Radian Corp •• December 1986) identified contamination in several wells that are part of the existing well network. At the Beaumont No. 1 facility, Wells W-2. W-3. OW-2. and OW-3 indicated halocarbon contamination. The only well sampled at the Beaumont No. 2 facility. Well W2-3, also contained halocarbon contamination.

4-10 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk 110033 RADIAN co•PO•ATIOll

In order to ascertain the reliability of sampling with shallow soil-vapor probes using the soil-vapor technique, one soil probe will be installed at a distance of 20 feet from each existing contaminated well. The 20-foot distance will avoid pulling contaminated air samples from the cavities surrounding the well casing. Any correlation of halocarbon concentration between the ground-water and the soil-vapor will be determined.

The soil-vapor sampling technique will be used in conjunction with monitoring well installation, provided that adequate correlation between ground-water and soil-vapor contaminant concentrations exists. One soil probe will be installed at a well location prior to well installation. As the well is drilled, soil-vapor probes will be advanced ahead of the auger bit, with samples collected approximately every 20 feet until the water table is encoun­ tered. This sampling will be performed only with the hollow-stem auger (RSA) rig.

The results will be used to develop a 3-dimensional matrix of soil-vapor data through the use of Radian 1 s contour plotting system. The system uses mathematical algorithms for interpolation and limited extrapola­ tion of data to determine isopleths. Unbiased, objective evaluations of data distribution are generated. The results of this analysis should offer more information regarding the extent of contamination and aid in optimizing the locations of other monitoring wells. In addition, geologic cross sections, gradient maps and flow nets will be developed in conjunction with the monitoring well program.

Soil-Vapor Sampling - Theory of Operation. Volatile organic pollu­ tants evaporate from a contaminant source, or from contaminated ground water, into the surrounding soil vapor and move through the soil by molecular diffu­ sion. The tendency of volatile organic pollutants to escape into the soil vapor is a function of their concentration at the source, their aqueous solubility, and their vapor pressure (boiling point). The soil-vapor sampling technology is most effective in mapping low molecular weight halogenated

4-11 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk /10033 RADIAN co•~o••T1011

chemicals which readily partition out of the ground water and into the soil vapor due to their high gas/liquid partitioning coefficients. Halocarbons. which are not easily degraded in the soil. tend to establish a relatively predictable concentration gradient that is highest at the source. or contami­ nated water table surface. and drops off to essentially zero at the ground surface.

Ideally. the concentration of the contaminant at any given depth in the soil vapor is a function of its concentration at the source. or in the ground water. In practice. the concentration gradient in the soil vapor may be distorted by hydrologic and geologic variables such as impermeable materi­ als. perched water. or depth to water. However. diffusion of contaminants will generally occur around geologic and hydrologic barriers unless they are laterally extensive compared to the area of contamination. The principal parameters that enhance diffusive movement of volatile contaminants are high soil permeability and low soil moisture. Diffusion occurs most easily through sand and gravel-type mediums. which exist at the Beaumont sites.

Tracer Research Corporation (TRC) will provide a mobile field laboratory consisting of a van equipped with two Varian 3300. gas chromato­ graphs. The equipment will be operated by a chemist and hydrogeologist. under the supervision of the Radian Task Leader for soil-vapor investigation. Samples of the soil-vapor are collected from the vadose zone through a steel probe. The specialized hydraulic mechanism. consisting of two cylinders and a set of clamping jaws. will be used to push and withdraw the sampling probes by transferring the weight of the vehicle onto the probe. The probes are 7-foot lengths of 3/4-inch diameter steel pipe fitted with detachable drive points. A percussion hammer can be used to assist in driving probes through cobbles or through unusually hard soil. The van will have two built-in gasoline-powered generators that provide the electrical power (110 volts AC) to operate all of the field equipment.

4-12 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk /10033 RADIAN COR .. ORATIO•

Soil-Vapor Sampling. After the probe has been driven to its maximum depth (five to six feet below the land surface). it is retracted until gas flows freely in response to the vacuum applied to the top of the pipe. A vacuum gauge is used to monitor the negative pressure in the evacuation line. to ensure that there is no impedence to gas flow caused by clayey or water­ saturated soils. Under normal soil conditions (i.e.. homogeneous. with a porosity of 0.2 to 0.3). air is pulled from the soil at a rate of five to six liters per minute. A negative pressure (vacuum) greater than 15 inches of mercury usually indicates that a reliable gas sample cannot be obtained because of a clogged probe or because the soil has a very low permeability. If a point must be resampled. the new probe is located at least 20 feet from the old probe hole. This prevents atmospheric air from being drawn down the old hole and up the new one. possibly diluting the new sample.

The above-ground ends of sampling probes are fitted with a steel reducer and a length of silicone tubing leading to a vacuum pump. During the evacuation of soil-vapor. samples will be collected by inserting a syringe needle through the silicone tubing and down into the steel probe (Figure 4-2).

Ten milliliters of gas will be collected for immediate analysis in the field van. Soil-vapor will be subsampled (duplicate injections) in volumes ranging from 1 u1 to 2ml. depending on the voe concentration present at the sample location. The reproducibility of soil-vapor samples from the same probe has been determined to be usually better than 20 percent and always within a factor of two. This sampling error is well within the limits re­ quired to accurately map voe concentrations in the vadose zone.

Prior to sampling. syringes are purged with nitrogen carrier gas and checked for contamination by injection into the gas chromatograph. System blanks will be run periodically to confirm that there is no contamination in the probes. adaptors. or 10-ml syringes. Analytical instruments will be continuously checked for calibration by the use of chemical standards prepared in water from reagent grade chemicals.

4-13 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk 110033 RADIAN CORPORATION

10 CC GLASS SYRINGE '-SILICONE RUBBER TUBE CONNECTION TO VACUUM PUMP

AOAPTER FOR SAMPLING SOIL-GAS PROB HOSE CLAMP SILICONE RU88ER TUBE -CLEAR TUSING SLEEVE CONNECTOR (0!SPOSA8L£)

SOIL-GAS FLOW OUR/NG SAMPLING 1/4 IN. TUBING

+---3/4 IN. GALVANIZEO PIPE

5-7FT.

Figure 4-2. Soil - Vapor Probe.

4-14 RADIAN COR~ORATIOll

The sample is injected directly into the instrument without the use of purge and trap or preconcentrating techniques. Using the TRC analytical method (patent pending). a typical measurement for most of the purgeable priority pollutants requires approximately five minutes. The gas chromato­ graph will be set up for analysis on both packed and capillary columns. It will be equipped with:

• An electron capture detector (ECD) for measurement of halogen­ ated compounds; and

• A flame ionization detector (FID) for all hydrocarbons -­ methane. gasoline components. as well as total hydrocarbon measurement.

The instrument will also be equipped with a Hewlett-Packard dual channel integrator. Thus. both detectors can be used simultaneously.

Halocarbon and hydrocarbon compounds detected in soil-vapor are identified by chromatographic retention time. Quantification of compound concentrations is achieved by comparing the detector response to the sample with the response measured for calibration standards (external standardiza­ tion). For halogenated species. quantification in the part-per-billion range is usually achieved.

Instrument calibration checks will be run periodically throughout the day. System blanks will be frequently run to check for contamination in the soil-vapor sampling equipment. Ambient air samples will also be routinely analyzed to check for background levels in the atmosphere. To avoid possible contamination from engine exhaust. any vehicles or generators will be located downwind from the sampling location. This practice will also be followed for soil and ground-water sampling. No smoking will be permitted during sampling.

4-15 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk ff0033 RADIAN CO•PO•ATIO•

Documentation of Real-Time Data. A nombering system for soil-vapor samples will be established prior to sampling and will remain consistent throughout each phase of the investigation. Because chemical analyses are to be performed on site. conventional chain-of-custody protocols will be unneces­ sary. The probe location number and syringe number will be entered directly into a field laboratory log book as each sample is taken. The numbers will also be written on each chromatogram and verified by the TRC analytical field chemist. The chemist will be responsible for checking and interpreting each day's chromatograms. The TRC field hydrogeologist will be responsible for entering the date. time. location. number of sampling points and soil condi­ tions into a field log book. Calculations of contaminant concentrations for each probe location will be compiled on data sheets by the chemist and checked by the hydrogeologist. The appropriate standard and response factors used for calculations will be recorded on the same sheet as the sample data. Field data sheets will contain all the information needed to access the original chromatograms and to check every aspect of the calculations.

Equipment Decontamination. Reusable sampling equipment will be decontaminated as outlined below:

• Steel probes will be used only once during the day and then washed with a high pressure. soapy. hot water spray and rinsed to eliminate the possibility of cross-contamination;

• Probe adaptors (steel reducer and tubing) will be used once during the course of the day and cleaned at the end of each working day by baking in the GC oven. The tubing will be replaced as needed during the job to ensure cleanliness and good fit:

• Silicone tubing (connecting the adaptors to the vacuum pump) will be replaced as needed to ensure proper sealing around the syringe needle. This tubing will not directly contact soil­ vapor samples;

4-16 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk /10033 RADIANCOR .. ORATIOll

• Glass syringes are to be used ·for only one sample per day before washing and baking at night; and

• Septa, through which soil-vapor samples are to be injected into the chromatograph, will be replaced on a daily basis to prevent possible gas leaks from the chromatographic column.

Site Restoration. Each probe hole created during this investigation will be filled to the surface with native soil. the site will be marked with a wooden stake driven through surveyors tape, flush to the surface. The assigned probe number will be marked in permanent ink on the stake.

Soil-Vapor Sampling with Evacuated Canisters. Two evacuated stain­ less steel canisters will be used for collecting soil-vapor phase samples for laboratory quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) analysis. The samples will be shipped to the Radian Analytical Laboratory in Sacramento for detailed speciation using the gas chromatography/multiple detector (GC/MD) analytical techniques. The protocol for this analytical methodology is described in more detail in Section 7 of this plan.

Before sampling, each canister will be cleaned, evacuated, and the absolute pressure recorded in the laboratory. The canisters will be connected to the sampling probe using stainless steel connectors. Stainless-steel filters will be used to prevent entrainment of particulate material in the gas samples. Vacuum flow regulators will be used to provide a constant sampling flow over the sampling period.

After sample collection is completed, the canister input valves will be closed and the canisters disconnected from sample lines. All canister valves will be tightened and stem nuts sealed with Swagelok• plugs before transportation to the laboratory.

4-17 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk fi0033 RADIAN CORl"ORATIOM

4.2 Ground-Water Investigation

The existing well network at the Beaumont test facilities will be expanded by the installation of approximately 22 new monitoring wells. The drilling and subsequent monitoring of water levels in the wells will provide a more detailed characterization of the hydro geology at the project site. The effort has been designed to:

• More precisely determine the nature and extent (both lateral and vertical) of ground-water contamination:

• Analyze water samples using a field laboratory in order to obtain real-time information concerning the presence of contam­ ination in newly-drilled wells:

• Identify vertical and horizontal hydraulic gradients and ground-water flow direction and velocity:

• Characterize the geologic materials which form the upper and lower aquifers:

• Identify the extent, thickness, and effectiveness of the ~ c~~layer separating the upper and lower aquifers:

f.J (·I r, •

• Determine the piezometric head and the water quality in the lower crystalline aquifer:

• Determine the mechanism of confinement resulting in artesian

conditions in the area of OW-2: ) ,) / - ~ ' . J

~ .I I J ) •

,.-- dr .. J t ~ • Determine where and how_,, the alluvial aquifer intersects the ground surface resulting in natural discharge further in the western canyon:

4-18 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk /10033 RADIAN co•PO•ATIOll

• Determine the water quality in th.e pond; and

• Satisfy requirements of the Calderon Act.

Well Locations. Fifteen monitoring wells (11 shallow. 3 medium, and 1 deep) are proposed for Beaumont No. 1, as shown in Figure 4-3 and described in Table 4-3. The location and depths of these wells incorporate all comments sul::mitted by the Regional Water Quality Control Board regarding the conceptual work plan. Thirteen of the proposed wells have been placed in order to more precisely define the horizontal and vertical extent of the contaminant plume identified in the preliminary remedial investigation. The remaining two wells are designed to determine if there is contamination associated with the Beaumont No. 1 sanitary landfill. The proposed locations of the 15 monitoring wells are approximate and subject to change as information is obtained during the soil-vapor investigation and from the field analysis of ground-water samples.

Two areas have been identified as potential sources of the ground water contamination found to exist in the upper alluvial aquifer at the Beaumont No. 1 site: the burn pit area and the SRAM motor washout/propellant mix area. The burn pit area was used to dispose of hazardous waste materials by incineration. Operations at the washout/mix area included the processing of propellants and removing solid propellant £ran motor casings by a process known as "motor washout." Solvents may have been used or disposed of in both areas. A more detailed discussion of activities can be found in the ''Histori- cal Report" (Radian Corp •• September 1986).

Prior to drilling. soil vapor sampling will be performed at each area in order to determine the location of contaminant sources. Additionally, soil vapor samples will be taken in the vicinity (approximately 20 feet away) of existing wells where the ground water has been previously found to be contaminated. This information will help to establish if there is a correla­ tion between the soil vapor data and the contaminant plume in the ground water.

4-19 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk #0033 I ) ~ '

... .· \--1 ', ······ ·.... ··::· :· \ ~-­ :ew-s L__ 40w-• ~ ~·'1 ... \ ' s Aopro••m•I• Boundary of Alluv1•I Oeoos..hon .. ... \ ln1erm1ttent Stream ·.)

E a1attnQ Ro.01 / \ Lockheed Water ProducttOft WeH ··. ··.. .. • ·...... le1ohton & Aaaoc .. 1e1 ObMl'Vatton Wei :: \

-<:>- Proposed Monitoring Well .··········-·· .... : ::1··.··.. ··...... = ) ··············.. . : ·.\\ ·. I ·.· .·· I I ····..•. .•··· I ~i .·····:.: .··· ' ,-- I I ...... ) .· .············ 1 ".::..~·· ...... :.. . / .················ / .·· : .. · / ··.\::·.·...... ·... :~·~1. ...······· ....·· _j ... ·····...... "\ ·.. ' . . I 1::· :...... :'..··.)--...... _ ...· ... .-..... ·... ~-- ···.. . ..- ··...·.. I...... : c·····...... -: ~ /······...... ) !"..,

·\·o~w-r.."·" ·····."·.. ·...... ) ...... ·~ ..... ····· :.... : ·····.. · ·.·. ··.·. ·...... <;IYl··w-~1 . ·. .. ·.. ..: ..·· ··········... : '·~ ·. . ··... ·······-·····~( /.~/ ·" \ OW}f"')::·..-···- ' Y/-3 \ ; ~ .. MW-1;,r ./ ...... - -<:> / .A~w-5,s ...... /_" 0 ": \ •. ·······MW-13 I Mi>iog A

./ / ow/~"" s.tMWasho"t A; ·····.... ·.) ·····.·\., -~·~ ow-~/ ~ ,/...... '·. i ' ·············0._ . t; "'-"' ('.--._~ I w- . ·.•, '. ''. .• '···. ' • . ~..• ····--...,_."- . ' '\ I . MW . / • ~·~- ~ // '\ W . ··..... '---\.. '---·.....····· '· ~-!..

...... \.!\ =---··\: \--._j-J~\~::__,;(>· \ \ . aiho~tA

~-- . 1 .....·: ...... : ·-:~. L N Figure 4-3 ,-- BEAUMONT NO. 1 PROPOSED 0 600 1200 I I MONITORING WELL LOCAT!ONS See Mt 1n f ••I I I~~!-!~~!! 8287 4-20 :1 TABLE 4-3. BEAUMONTNO. 1 PROPOSED MONITORINGWELLS ii Proposed Monitoring Approximate ·- Well Total Depth Approximate Location Rationale ii

MW-1 20 ft. below water table 200-300 ft down-gradient Determine contamination adjacent to burn pit area: of burn pit area Determine vertical gradients. MW-2 Bottom of upper aquifer " " MW-3 Lower aquifer " II MW-4 20 ft. below water table Up-gradient of SRAMwashout Determine contamination up-gradient of SRAM area washout area.

MW-5 20 ft. below water table Centered between OW-2. OW-3. Determine contamination down-gradient of SRAM and W-3 washout area. ~ I MW-6 Bottom upper N of aquifer " " .~ MW-7 20 ft. below water table North of Bedsprings Creek Define southern boundary of plume.

MW-8 Bottom of upper aquifer South of Bedsprings Creek Define southern boundary of plume.

MW-9 20 ft. below water table South of OW-2 and W-2 Define southern boundary of plume.

MW-10 20 ft. below water table East of burn pit area Define eastern boundary of plume.

MW-11 20 ft. below water table North of W-3 Define northern boundary of plume.

MW-12 20 ft. below water table Mouth of Aerojet Canyon Define northern boundary of plume.

MW-13 20 ft. below water table Mouth of Aerojet Canyon Define northern boundary of plume.

MW-14 20 ft. below water table Down-gradient of sanitary Determine impacts from sanitary landfill. landfill

MW-15 20 ft. below water table Up-gradient of sanitary Proposed if MW-14 is contaminated. landfill RADIAN CO•"'O•ATIO•

During drilling with the hollow stem· auger rig. soil vapor probes will be advanced ahead of the auger bit and soil vapor samples will be col­ lected every 20 feet down to the water table. This information will aid in developing a three-dimensional matrix of soil vapor data. provide more infor­ mation on the extent of contamination. and assist in locating additional monitoring wells.

Additionally. the mobile laboratory associated with the soil vapor investigation will be used to obtain real time values of contaminants in the ground water at part-per-billion levels. This information is extremely valuable since it eliminates the lengthy wait to receive data from the labora­ tory. and allows a more complete definition of the contaminant plumes in one field study. Essentially. the mobile laboratory allows an iterative investi­ gation to be conducted. This field analysis does not replace the need to perform detailed EPA Method analyses at a certified laboratory. but is a tool to allow decisions to be made in the field that are based on real data.

A more detailed discussion of the soil vapor technique can be found in Section 4.1.

Proposed wells MW-1. MW-2. MW-3. and MW-4 are located between the burn pit area and the SRAM motor washout/propellant mix area. Monitoring wells 5 and 6 are located downgradient of the propellant mix area. Approxi­ mate ground water contours have been developed based on a previous ground­ water study (Leighton & Associates. 1983a. 1983b. and 1984) and further confirmed by the preliminary sampling of the existing monitoring well network by Radian Corporation (Preliminary Remedial Investigation. December 1986). The ground-water gradient of the alluvial aquifer is quite steep and follows the surface topography. Based on this information. wells MW-1. MW-4. and MW-5. installed to a depth of 20 feet below the water table. would allow the relative contributions to contamination of each source to be established. MW-2 will be drilled to the bottom of the alluvial aquifer and will provide information concerning the vertical hydraulic gradients within this aquifer.

4-22 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk 110033 RADIAN co•"'•••TIOll

It will also indicate whether contaminants are vertically distributed throughout the thickness of the alluvial aquifer. Wells Krl-1 and Krl-2 will be drilled first. KJ-3 will be drilled adjacent to Krl-1 and Krl-2, into the lower confined aquifer. This will allow assessment of vertical gradients and define the extent of the confining layer between the alluvial and bedrock aquifers. Krl-6 will be drilled to the bottom of the alluvial aquifer and will be located adjacent to KV-5, providing information comparable to that of Krl-2.

Proposed wells Krl-7 through KV-13 were selected, in conjunction with the existing monitoring well network, to determine the northern and southern extent of any contaminant plume and to confirm ground-water flow patterns. K-1-7, KV-8, and KV-9 will help define the southern extent of contamination while Krl-11, Krl-12, and Krl-13 will help define the northern extent. KV-10 will be drilled east of the burn pit area to assess the extent of contamina­ tion to the east. Existing well W-2 currently defines the western extent of the plume, based on previous sampling results. This well will be sampled again in conjunction with the current effort. These wells, with the exception of KV-8, will be installed 20 feet below the depth at which water is encoun­ tered. Krl-8 will be drilled to the bottom of the alluvial aquifer, to support the findings associated with proposed wells Krl-2 and Krl-6. In addition, a water sample taken from the pond adjacent to OW-2 will be analyzed.

If these wells fail to sufficiently determine the lateral and vertical extent of the plume, based on field analytical data, then additional wells will be installed until adequate data has been obtained. Decisions regarding the need for and locations of additional wells must be made in the field. However, Radian will solicit the advice and concurrence of regulatory personnel through DHS.

4-23 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk 110033 RADIAN COR .. ORATIOll

In association with the soil-vapor sampling. two wells are proposed near the sanitary landfill. which is located in a narrow canyon. Proposed well KJ-14 is downgradient of the landfill. If contamination is indicated by the field analysis. KJ-15 will be drilled upgradient of the sanitary landfill. Both wells will be installed 20 feet below the depth at which water is encoun- tered.

Beaumont No. 2 Well Locations

Seven monitoring wells are proposed for Beaumont No. 2. as shown in Figure 4-4 and summarized in Table 4-4. Four of the proposed wells are designed to assess impacts associated with the garbage disposal site. The remaining three wells are intended to determine the source of contamination found in W2-3 during the preliminary investigation.

Although limited data is available concerning the ground-water gradient at this site. a review of the geology and hydrogeology of the area indicates that the gradient follows the surface topography. This assumption is a basis for the discussion in this section. If this assumption proves to be untrue based upon the analysis of data from the proposed wells. then additional wells will be installed as required.

Proposed monitoring well KJ2-1 is located upgradient of the garbage

disposal site. whereas wells MW2-2 0 KJ2-3 0 and KJ2-4 are located downgradient. MW2-4 is in the vicinity of an old well (W2-1) which Radian could not locate.

Wells MW2-1 0 MW2-2. and MW2-3 will be drilled to 20 feet below water table. MW2-4 will be drilled to the bottom of the alluvial aquifer. The exact locations of the four monitoring wells will be determined in conjunction with the soil-vapor investigation to be conducted at the dump.

Proposed monitoring well MW2-5 will be drilled upgradient of well W2-3. found to be contaminated during the preliminary investigation. If MW2-5 is also found to be contaminated. KJ2-6 and KJ2-7 will be drilled in order to define the source and limit,s of contamination.

4-24 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk 110033 . -.,---,,-.-~-- . ..~ ··' .~ ...... -~· . .·~ .·. .• ...-·

LEGEND 0 200 400 -¢- Proposed Well -- • Well Scale In Feet 1 8 1 O?.BB

Figure 4-4. Proposed Monitoring \..Tell Lo cat ions of Beaumont No. 2.

.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-

4-25 :;a

~I ·-

TABLE 4-4. BEAUMONTNO. 2 PROPOSED MONITORING WELLS ~·

Proposed Monitoring Approximate Well Total Depth Approximate Location Rationale

HW2-l 20 ft. below water table Upgradient of garbage disposal Establish ground-water quality upgradient of the site. garbage disposal site.

HW2-2 20 ft. below water table Downgradient of garbage Determine impacts associated with garbage ;::.. disposal site. disposal site. I 0'N HW2-3 20 ft. below water table Downgradient of garbage Determine impacts associated with garbage disposal site. disposal site.

HW2-4 Bottom of upper aquifer Downgradient of garbage Determine impacts associated with garbage disposal site. disposal site.

HW2-5 20 ft. below water table Downgradient of test bays Determine source of contamination found in and Building 250. W2-3.

HW2-6 20 ft. below water table South of Building 250. Determine source of contamination found in W2-3; to be drilled if contaminants are found at HW2-5.

HW2-7 20 ft. below water table North of Building 250. To be drilled if contaminants are found at HW2-6: define northern extent of contamination. co•.-o••T•o•RADIAN

Drilling

No drilling permits are required by the Riverside County Department of Health.

All shallow wells (less than 90 feet BLS) will be drilled with a Mobile B-61 hollow-stem auger (HSA), capable of drilling through unconsolidat­ ed sediments. Two HSA rigs will be used to complete this investigation in a more efficient manner. The inside diameter of the hollow-stem auger will be at least 6-1/4 inches so that sand, bentonite, and grout can be easily tremied into place around the monitoring well casing.

The medium depth wells (90 to 170 feet BLS) will be drilled with an air rotary drill rig with casing drive through alluvial materials which may include cobbles and boulders. Wells will be drilled and constructed to depths of up to 100 feet below the water table; therefore, "heaving" conditions are expected. The air rotary with casing drive method is a normal rotary method with compressed air employed as the drilling fluid. In order to allO"W for return of representative cuttings, prevent bore-hole collapse during drilling. and restrict or eliminate vertical movement of ground water within the bore­ hole. temporary threaded steel drive casing will be advanced as the bit is advanced. The use of casing drive preserves the integrity of the borehole and prevents possible cross-contamination of aquifer sub-units during drilling. The air-rotary method yields continuous geologic samples and allows for construction of wells that are easily developed (i.e., no drilling muds to clog the formation). As with the hollO"W-stem auger method. the inside diame­ ter of the casing will be such that sand, bentonite1 and grout can be easily tremied into place.

4-27 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk 110033 RADIAN co•1tO•ATIOR

The deep well (approximately 300 feet tieep) will be drilled with the same air rotary drill rig !Ii th casing drive. The rig will be equipped to drill with a tricone bit and/or downhole hammer as required. The air rota­ ry/casing drive method will be used to penetrate the upper aquifer. The casing will be driven into the confining layer which separates the two aqui­ fers. sealing the upper aquifer and preventing cross contamination of the water-bearing zones. The drilling will then proceed through the confining layer and into the fractured granite where the well will be completed. If water from the upper aquifer is found to leak into the borehole at the cas­ ing/confining layer junction. then a cement plug will be installed at the bottom of the steel casing and allowed to harden before drilling proceeds.

Regardless of the drilling method used. the borehole for each well will be at least 5 inches larger than the outside diameter of the well casing.

In the shallow wells. undisturbed formation samples will be recov­ ered with a split-spoon (every five feet) or continuous soil core barrel for logging purposes. The medium and deep wells. drilled with the air rotary rig. will be logged by examining cuttings from the cyclone. Every effort will be made to capture and log the fine material.

All split-spoon samples will be recovered in accordance with the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) procedures. Blow counts will be recorded for each six-inch interval the sampler is advanced. Representative samples of the formation will be stored for future reference. A photoionization detector (PID) will be used to scan air coming from the borehole for organic vapors.

Additionally. samples will be recovered at regular depth intervals not to exceed five feet and scanned with an OVA or PID. Drill cuttings will not be containerized unless the PID screening indicates contamination. If unusual soil conditions are observed. another split spoon with stainless steel sleeves will be driven. in order to obtain a relatively undisturbed sample for laboratory analysis.

4-28 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk #0033 RADIAN COR~ORATIO•

The Radian geologist will be responsible for documenting drilling activities in addition to classifying and logging the subsurface materials. Information to be provided in the lithologic and well construction logs (see Figures 4-5 and 4-6) includes:

• Reference elevation for all depth measurements;

• Depth of each change of stratum;

• Thickness of each stratum;

• Identification of the material that comprises each stratum according to the Unified Soil Classification System or standard rock nomenclature. as necessary. Identification will also include a description of grain-size. angularity. GSA color. and fining sequence;

• Depth interval from which each formation sample was taken;

• Depth at which ground water is first encountered;

• Total depth of completed well;

• Depth or location of any loss of tools or equipment;

• Location of any fractures. joints. faults. cavities or weath­ ered zones;

• Nominal diameter of borings;

• Depth of any grouting or sealing;

4-29 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk /10033 RADIAN Sh Ht of C--a-ne. Log of Drtlllng Operations

Project Bonng or Well No. Beginninn and end L.ocatton of drilling operation L.og Recorded By Sampling Interval (Estimated) (ft) Type Drill Rig and Operator

.::: =- 0 .! c: 0 .! c: §~ ·Q.~ Q. ~ a.- Q. .. OE~ !. e~ --~:. E~ z ce a1 >Cll al Q Ill c: c en i- i- en i- en - .... ------...... ,. ------Page 1 of 2 RADIAN Well No. CORPORATIOM

WELL COMPLETION LOG

Project Name:

Project Number:

Well No. Log Recorded By ~~~~~~~~~~ Completion Date ~~~~~~~~~~ Drilling Method ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Borehole Depth ·Borehole Diameter ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

Materials:

Casing Diameter/Type ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Screen Diameter/Type/Slot Size ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sand/Gravel ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Intervals: ( Screen Interval ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Casing interval ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sand/Gravel Pack Interval ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Bentonite Seal 1nterval Grout Interval

Type of Surf ace Completion

NOTES:

Figure 4-6. Well Completion Log Rev. 8/86 4-31 Page 2 of 2 RADIAN Well No. CORPORATIOll

Figure 4-6. WELL COMPLETION LOG (Continued)

As-Built Schematic:

Figure 4-6. Continued

4-32

Rev. 8/86 RADIAN co•~O•ATION

• Amount. type. and manufacturer of all materials used in well construction;.

• Depth and type of well casing;

• Description (to include length. location. diameter. slot sizes. material. and manufacturer) of well screens;

• Method of well development;

• Static water level upon completion of the well and after development;

• Drilling date or dates; and

• Reason for terminating drilling.

The termination depth (TD) of each well will be determined by the Radian Geologist. Identification of a favorable screen interval in the planned depth range of the well will be the primary factor for selecting the TD. Favorable conditions for a screen interval include:

• Presence of groundwater;

• High hydraulic conductivity (i.e •• "clean" sand); and

• Adequate penetration into the saturated zone.

Well Construction

All monitoring wells are to be four inches inside diameter (I. D.) and constructed with Schedule 40 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) water well casing from the top of the screen to approximately 1-1/2 feet above the ground

4-33 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk #0033 RADIAN co•~O•ATIO•

surface. Twenty foot-long. four-inch I. D.. continuous O. 020 slot. PVC well screens will be used. All screens will have a sealed PVC end cap. All screen and casing will be flush-joint threaded. and no adhesives will be used.

At the completion of drilling. the borehole will be sounded to verify depth. Before the installation of the screen and casing. a water sample will be collected and analyzed for volatile organic compounds in an on-site mobile laboratory. The screen and casing will be received. cleaned. and individually packaged by the manufacturer and verified by inspection. If the supervising field geologist believes additional cleaning is warranted. the screen and casing will be steam cleaned by the drill crew to the satisfaction of the supervising field geologist.

Once screen and casing has been placed. the well will be checked for proper alignment. Centralizers will be used. as required. in the non-hollow stem boreholes. The drilling subcontractor is responsible for checking well alignment by passing a "dt.mmy" pump (measuring 3.75 x 36 inches) through the casing to the bottom of the well. Failure of the dummy pump to pass through the well casing will require the drilling subcontractor to take the necessary action to correct the problem. Each screen is to be packed in clean. fresh water-washed. Monterey Sand (8x16 mesh). The sand pack will extend at least one foot above the screened interval. After the sand pack has been placed. the annular borehole space immediately above the sand pack and around the casing will be backfilled with one foot of "bridge sand" which is to consist of 30 mesh Monterey Sand. A two-foot thick bentonite (pellets) seal will be placed above the bridge end. A cement/bentonite grout will then be poured or tremied (if below water) to the ground surface. The grout mixture will consist of "9-sack" Type I Portland cement mixed with powdered bentonite. The bentonite content of the grout will be approximately three percent by dry weight. Well alignment will be checked again at the end of grout placement. A diagram showing subsurface completion is included in Figure 4-7.

4-34 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk //0033 RADIAN CORPORATIOM

r HINGELESS LOCKING I STEEL CAP c;;==~::.,-- STEEL SECURITY CASING CONCRETE PAO llL__::lll"t-- THREADED CAP GROUND SURFACE

CEMENT GROUT

~- BENTONITE SEAL SAND BRIDGE

CLEAN SILICA SANO T GRAVEL PACK 1

Figure 4-7. Monitoring Well Completion.

4-35 RADIAN co•PO••T•O•

All well-head completions will be above ground. Approximately 1-1/2 feet of well casing will be left above the ground surface. A PVC screw-joint cap will be placed on top of the casing. Steel security casing equipped with a hingeless locking lid and like-keyed No. 3 Master padlock will be installed over the well casing. The security casing will be constructed from 6-inch diameter steel pipe and have a minimum total length of 3 feet. The finished height of the steel casing will be approximately 1-1/2 feet above the ground surface. A 2-foot square, 4-inch thick, concrete slab will be constructed at the base of the above-ground completions and slope away from the security casing. There will be two 1/4 inch holes in the protective steel casing wall above the concrete base to allow any accumulated water to escape. The well number will be stenciled on the outside of the protective casing and on the well casing cap. A diagram showing the surface completion is included in Figure 4-8.

After the completion of each well, the Radian Geologist will see that the drilling subcontractor restores the well site to as near its original condition as possible. Drill cutting will be spread and leveled.

The drilling rig and tools will be decontaminated after each bore­ hole. At a minimum, drill bits, rods, and casings will be steam cleaned after each monitoring well is installed.

Well Development

All wells will be developed to recover fine-grained sediment from the sand pack and surrounding formation, and maximize the well yield. A Radian geologist will supervise the development activities and determine when the well has been adequately developed. Development information will be recorded on a form similar to Figure 4-9.

4-36 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk #0033 RADIAN COR .. ORATIO•

;-HINGELESS LOCKING STEEL CAP f _ COPEN) I

s• PROTECTIVE STEEL CASING

1 8" WELL CASING

GROUND 0 ...... I . SURFACE '------. ... •·

o. . . . a .. 18" CONCRETE PAD 0 ·O L 1 2' X 2' SQUARE

Figure 4-8. Monitoring Well Surface Completion.

4-37 RADIAN Sheet __ of co•-••T•o• Well Completion Log: Sheet 212

Boring or Well No. Project Location Log Recorded By Corresponding Tape# Construction Schematic (ft). Static level of water before (ft)• and ------after (fW development - Development started .?• Development ended - i _,_ 0 Quantity of water discharged during development (ft3). ,_ ,,a •c Type, size/capacity of pump or bailer used for development i - ~ - Ci ,_ ;:: "i"' Depth of open hole inside well _,_ &. ~ Before development (fW ,_ ~ •... After development (fW '; - ..0 -.... ~• ~• Development Record -- Lithology and 1,2 Clarity and Odor 2 I ; Grain Size of CondUC· - . c: . Time Color of of Ph Remarks 3 Removed tlvlty - ~ Discharge Discharge - u.. Sediment - ,,• _,_ :;... ,,• - .! - ..•"c: 'c - .2.. - ~ .5"' -- Q. - 5... c - .2 - ..8 . - 'i - c: •" - .·=u= . ~ -- ci .a - .5A ~• - -~0 • E : 0 ..: - = 5 .8 .. - ~Ci ~~ --,_ -c: - :!2 .&. S E &..... 0 -,_ ... . =a• c: ,_ E o &.... - u< •c: c --,_ -0 !ii!.. -\j ,,. ~ a' - c- - - 8 a 1. UH EPA 120.1-Metnodl tor Chemical Ana1y111 or EQu1valent. "',.. - 2. Meaeurements to De taken Defore, alter, and on :lO minute int8t"lal1 during development. "'M . IE.xpreu In feel and tenth• of fffl) ., - "' Figure 4-9. Well Completion Log RADIAN C0•1tO•ATIO•

Well development will be accomplished by bailing. surging. and pumping with an electric submersible pump. The development routine will include:

1) Bailing to remove sediment and drill cuttings from inside the casing and well screen.

2) Surging with a vented surge block (swabbing tool with a flap valve) to induce flC7ii7 across the screen opening. This will break down bridging or arching of fine-grained material and help bring it into the screen for removal.

3) Repeat Steps 1 and 2 until the well produces little or no fine-grained material.

4) Place submersible pump just above the screen. Pump at increas­ ingly higher discharge rates. not moving to next pumping rate until the discharge is free of sediment. The pump used will be capable of discharging 20 gpm at 100 feet of lift.

The geologist supervising well development will keep accurate records regarding turbidity of the discharge. bailer trips. time spent bail­ ing. surging. and pumping. etc. All of the wells will be developed for a minimum of four hours of combined bailing. surging. and pumping time.

If field analytical results indicate contamination. the development water will be sprayed onto the ground in a fine stream (using a nozzle). This technique. esnntially a form of air stripping. should effectively "treat" the development water. It is expected that the main contaminants. simple chlori­ nated hydrocarbons. are present in rather low concentrations and will be readily volatized in the hot summer air. The use of a nozzle will maximize the surface area of the water exposed to the air. resulting in more complete volatilization of the organic compounds. Additionally. halogenated organics are susceptible to photo decomposition when exposed to ultraviolet radiation.

4-39 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk 110033 RADIAN co•11tD•ATIDll

Permeability Tests

After development of the wells. permeability tests will be conducted in each well in order to evaluate the permeability of materials in the immedi­ ate vicinity of the well screen. Slug injection and withdrawal tests will be performed by lowering a weighted cylinder of known volume nearly instantan­ eously into the well and monitoring the change in water levels. After the water levels in the well equilibrates. the cylinder will be removed and the water levels again monitored. The weighted cylinder will be steam-cleaned prior to use in each well.

Surveying

At the completion of drilling operations. a licensed surveyor from the International Union of Operating Engineers (IUOE) survey school will determine the vertical and horizontal position of the reference points marked on the newly-installed wells.

Ground-Water Sampling Protocol

The purpose of the well sampling protocol is to define the proce­ dures which will be used in the collection of ground-water samples from the new monitoring wells and the existing wells at the Lockheed Beaumont sites. The objective of the sampling program is to obtain samples that are represen­ tative of the ground water surrounding the well and to analyze these samples in a manner which reflects the composition of the ground water as accurately as possible. In order to achieve this objective. all factors which may affect the physical and chemical integrity of the sample must be controlled before. during. and after sample collection.

4-40 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk #0033 RADIAN CORllORATION

Water Level and Well Depth Measurements. Prior to the purging or sampling of a well. a static water level measurement and a sounding of the total well depth will be performed. A Fisher M-Scope. or a comparable elec­ tronic well sounder. will be used to determine these levels to the nearest 0.01 foot. This instrument utilizes an indicator probe attached by an insu­ lated wire line to an electric meter. When the probe contacts water, an electric circuit is completed. and the meter deflects.

The probe and wire line of this device will be decontaminated between the sounding of different wells to preclude the possibility of cross­ contamination. They will be washed with laboratory grade detergent (Alconox), rinsed with potable water, and given a final rinse with distilled water. Particular attention will be paid to the cleaning of the last several feet that actually contacts the water. In the event of obvious contamination, the probe and line will be wiped down with acetone to remove the contamination and then washed using the above procedure.

The wire line of the instrument will be calibrated against a steel surveyor's tape at the beginning and end of well sounding activities, and periodically while measurements are being taken. These calibration data will be recorded in the sampler's field notebook.

The static water level will be determined by lowering the probe into the well and obtaining two successive readings which agree to within 0.01 foot. The probe, used as a weighted sounder. will then be lowered to the total depth of the well. where a reading will be taken of the well bottom. All information will be recorded on a form similar to the one shown in Fig­ ure 4-10.

All measurements will be referenced to the top of the metal protec­ tive casing with the locking cap off. Water level results will be recorded as depth to ground water and will be converted to elevations relative to the USGS benchmarks at the site.

4-41 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk f/0033 co•••••T•••RADIAN

GROOND WATER GAUGING DATA SHEET

Parameter Description Value

SAMPLE OON'l'ROL NUMBER DATE TIME SAMPLER'S INITIALS WELL/BORING LOCATION WELL/BORING DIAMETER (in)

ELEVATION OF TOP OF WELL CASING REFERENCED TO MEAN SEA LEVEL (MSL)

GAUGING Total Depth (ft) Depth to Groundwater (ft)

CALCULATIONS Thickness of Groundwater (ft) Well Volume (gallons) Purge Volume (gallons)

NUMBER OF SAMPLE BOTTLES AND T!PE COLLECTED

pH Conductance (umhoa) Temperature (°C)

COMMENTS:

figure 4-10. Ground-Hater Gauzing Data Sheet.

4-42 RADIAN COR~ORATIOR

Well Purging. Each monitoring well will be purged immediately prior to sample collection in ord~r to ensure that fresh formation water. represen­ tative of the surrounding ground water. is being sampled. Ideally. the pumping portion of the well development operation will serve to purge the well. If the timing is such that this is not possible. then the purging operation for shallow wells will be conducted using a Teflon~ bailer. A clean submersible pump will be used for the deeper wells.

The well will be purged of a water volume equivalent to three times the water column standing in the casing. (If the well development operation is used to purge the wells. the number of well volumes purged will be much higher.) If the recharge rate of the well does not permit the withdrawal of three casing volumes. the well will be bailed dry. If the recovery rate is rapid enough. the well will be allowed to ref ill and the well will be bailed dry a second time. In all cases. the method used and volume of water purged from the well will be recorded. During the purging activity. the equipment and line will not be allowed to lay on the ground or become otherwise contami­ nated. If contamination inadvertently occurs. the equipment part (s) will be recleaned before the operation is resumed using the aforementioned decontami­ nation procedure.

~ five-gallon bucket (or similar container of known capacity) will be used to quantify the amount of water being removed from the well during the purging process.

Sample Collection. Ground-water samples will be collected with a

Teflon~ bailer immediately following purging of the well. Prior to sample collection. sampling personnel will re-suit with new. clean. latex. surgical­ type gloves in order to avoid sample or bottle contamination.

The bailer and sampling line will be decontaminated prior to use at each well. Bailers will be washed with laboratory-grade detergent (Alconox). rinsed with potable water. and given a final rinse with the liberal use of distilled water.

4-43 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk 110033 RADIAN co•~O•ATIOM

Containers for sample collection will be obtained from I-Chem Research Corporation. which prepares specially cleaned containers for environ­ ment al sampling. All containers have Teflon~ linings in the covers.

If purging is performed with a pump. the pump will be removed, and the bailer will be acclimatized to the well water by bailing at least three passes before sampling is initiated. Sampling will be performed by lowering the bailer into the well, allowing it to fill with water, and raising it out of the well. The bailer will not be dropped into the well in order to avoid creating turbulence in the well, causing aeration or degassing of the water. Unnecessary agitation. mixing. or aeration of the well water could affect the sample quality.

Ground-water samples will be recovered in a prearranged priority so that all collection and handling takes place as efficiently as possible. Although the actual sample collection protocol will depend on the analyte of interest. it is important to be consistent in general sample collection procedures to facilitate reliable and comparable results. During sample collection, one member of the field team will oversee the operation of field equipment and collection of samples. The other team member will be responsi­ ble for entering data into the field logs. container labeling. etc. Such consistency will help minimize any errors which may compromise data validity or promote bias in the analytical results.

Specific conductance. pH, and Temperature. Specific conductance, pH, and temperature of water can change over the sample holding time. Conse­ quently, these parameters will be determined in the field. The pH and conduc­ tivity probes or cells will be rinsed at least two times with the water to be tested prior to making and recording the measurements. Groundwater tempera­ ture will be taken concurrently with pH and conductivity measurements. Values for pH. specific conductance. and temperature will be measured and recorded with a minimum accuracy of~ 0.1 pH unit.~ 10 micromhos, and~ 0.5°C, respec­ tively.

4-44 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk 110033 RADIAN CORPORATIO•

Sample Storage. All samples will be· stored at approximately four degrees Celsius (4°C) from immediately after collection until analysis. In the field. samples will be stored in ice chests kept cool with ice. Care will be taken to ensure that the samples do not freeze. It should be noted that excessive cold (i.e •• packing sample bottles in direct contact with ice) has been attributed to the formation of air bubbles in VOA sample vials. requiring recollection of the samples. Protective foam or styrofoam packing for the containers will protect the samples from excessive cold and minimize the risk of breakage during transport.

All water samples collected at the two Beaumont sites will be tested for purgeable halocarbons (EPA Method 601). metals (EPA 200. 7). and major ions. Samples from the wells shown to be most contaminated (by field analy­ sis) and at least one background sample will also be tested for purgeable organic priority pollutants (EPA Method 624) and base/neutral and acid extractables (EPA Method 625). In addition to these tests. a solid propellant sample will be analyzed using methods 8240-8270. including non-target analytes. Soil and water analytical methods will be modified as necessary. depending upon the results of these tests.

A detailed description of analytical methods is given in Section 7 of this plan. A description of preservation requirements. sample containers. and holding times for each analytical method is presented in Table 4-5. Specific measures for methods requiring extra care are described below.

Purgable Halocarbon and Organic Compounds (EPA Methods 601 and 624). EPA Methods 601 and 624 are used to detect purgeable halocarbon and organic compounds in water samples. respectively. Samples for these analyses will be collected in 40 ml amber glass volatile organic analysis (VOA) vials with Teflon• septa in the screw top cap.

4-45 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk /10033 TABLE 4-S. WATER SAMPLE STORAGE AND METHODS PRESERVATION ::a :11 Maximum :a Reference Storage Holding 8 Parameter Method Container(s) Preservation Requirements Time ·-

~· Conductance EPA 120.1 Field

pH EPA lS0.1 Field

Temperature EPA 170.1 Field

Hardness EPA 130. 2 One 100 ml HN0 to Refrigerate 6 Months 3 ~ I glass or pH <2 at 4°C ~ O'I polyethylene bottle

Alkalinity EPA 310.1 One 100 ml - Refrigerate 14 Days glass or at 4°C polyethylene bottle

Chloride EPA 32S.1 One SO ml - - 28 Days glass or polyethylene bottle

Sulfate EPA 37S.4 One SO ml - Refrigerate 28 Days glass or at 4°C polyethylene bottle

Nitrate Field

(Continued) TABLE 4-5. (Continued) :;a

r;-- :11 Maximum :a Reference Storage Holding ·- Parameter Method Container(s)a Preservation Requirements Tiu :z~-

Trace Elements EPA 200.7 One 500 ml HN0 to 3 Refrigerate 6 months (23 Metals) glass or pH <2 at 4°C polyethylene bottle

Organochlorine EPA 8080 200 ml (Soil) glass None Refrigerate 7 days until Pesticides and (Soils) bottles with at 4°C extraction, ~ I ~ PCBs Teflon• Seals 40 days after ....i extraction.

Purge able EPA 601 Three 40 ml glass None Refrigerate 14 days. Halocarbons vials with at 4°C Teflon• Septa

Purge able EPA 624 Three 40 ml (water) None Refrigerate 14 days Organic EPA 8240 or 200 ml (soil) at 4°C Priority (Soils) glass vials with Pollutants Teflon• Septa

(Continued) TABLE 4-5. (Continued) :;a :11 Maximum :a Reference Storage Holding Parameter Method Container(s)a Preservation Requirements Time ·- ~·

Base/Neutral EPA 625 Two 1-Liter (water) None Refrigerate 7 days until and Acids EPA 8270 (Soils) or 200 ml (soil) at 4°C extraction. glass bottles with 40 days after Teflon• Seals extraction

.!:' I .!:' aAll containers are pre-cleaned before being purchased by the laboratory. 00 RADIAN CO•PO•ATIOll

It is extremely important to prevent aeration of ground water samples recovered for EPA 601 and 624 analyses. The Teflon~ bailer will be held near the top of the VOA vial and the water allowed to run through a Teflona bailer-emptying device down the side of the container. The vial will be filled until a reverse miniscus forms over the top. After the vial has been capped. the bottle will be turned upside down and tapped gently to check for the presence of air in the sample. If any bubbles appear. the sample will be recollected and the above-referenced procedure repeated. Accurate analyti­ cal results for VOCs and dissolved gases will be compromised if there is any air trapped in the sample container.

Metals

One water sample from each well will be collected in a 500 ml glass or polyethylene jar with a Teflon~-lined lid for the analysis of all metals. Samples to be analyzed for metals require filtration using a .45u filter. and preservation with dilute (1: 1) nitric acid (HN0 ) to a pH of less than 2. 3 Filtration will be done before preservation. since the acidification of samples prior to filtration may leach metals from any sediment into solution. resulting in erroneously high analytical levels. In the event that HN0 3 cannot be used because of shipping restrictions. the unfiltered sample will be refrigerated to 4°C. shipped i111111ediately. and acidified after filtration at the laboratory. This information will be noted on the chain-of-custody form.

4.3 Soil Sampling Investigation

Surface and subsurface (hand-auger) soil sampling is planned as part of the remedial investigation at the two Lockheed test facilities. Soil sampling will also be performed during drilling with the hollow stem auger rig and following trenching across disposal areas. This information will provide further doctunentation of the presence or absence of contamination. Planned sample analyses include a screening survey using soil-vapor investigation techniques (see Section 4.1) followed by the collection and analysis of

4-49 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk /to033 RADIAN CORPORATION

composite and discrete soil samples by EPA method 8080 (organochlorine pesti- -· cides and PCBs) and EPA 200.7 (metals). Selected samples will be analyzed for EPA 8240 (volatile organics) and EPA 8270 (semi-volatile organics) by GC/Mass Spectrometry. Background information will be provided by sampling in the Group 1 areas. Sampling strategy and methodology are discussed in more detail below.

Soil Sampling Strategy

Following the soil-vapor screening survey, soil sampling will be performed. Tentative locations for each area are shown on Figures 4-11 through 4-23, and are summarized for the following groups:

Group 3. Soil sampling in Group 3 areas will be conducted in concert with the trenching activities described later. Soil samples will be taken from along trenches excavated at the burn pits, the sanitary landfill (Beaumont No. 1) and the garbage dump (Beaumont No. 2). The exact location and number of samples will be determined in the field and will be based on the nature of materials exposed by the trenching (Figures 4-11 through 4-13). In areas with debris or other materials that might indicate a contaminant source, the sampling effort will be intensified.

Group 2. Soil sampling in Group 2 areas will consist of surface and subsurface sampling. If the soil-vapor samples indicate no or low contaminant levels, then one composite surface and one composite subsurface soil sample will be collected and submitted for analysis. These soil samples will consist of a subsample from each of the points where a soil-vapor probe was located (Figures 4-14 through 4-23).

4-50 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk #0033 RADIAN CO•PO•ATION

If a soil-vapor sample indicates measurable contaminant levels above background, then further soil-vapor samples will be obtained to locate the area of highest contamination. Then discrete surface and subsurface soil samples will be collected from that area. In addition, a surface and subsur­ face composite soil sample will be collected at the rest of the low-level soil-vapor sampling locations. EPA method 8080 analysis for organochlorine pesticides and PCBs will be performed on all soil samples unless there is visible contamination (i.e., propellant) in the sample. In this case, EPA method 8240, Purgeable Organic Priority Pollutants, and EPA method 8270, Base/Neutral and Acid Extractables, will be performed. All soil samples will be analyzed for metals, using EPA method 200.

Group 1 (Background) • The soil sampling strategy for the Group 1 areas is the same as that for Group 2 areas, except that no subsurface sam­ pling is planned at the Group 1 areas. It is expected that Group 1 data will provide background information necessary to compare to levels of contaminants found across the sites.

Composite Samples. Composite soil samples are useful for obtaining a representative sample of material over a wide area. When analyzing the results of the composite soil samples, it is recognized that any reported contaminant level must be multiplied by the number of subsamples combined in each composite in order to obtain the maximum possible contaminant level at any one location. If this level is of concern, then the individual discrete samples will be analyzed in order to determine the location of contamination. If contamination is indicated, then additional soil sampling will be per­ formed. Should no contamination be found, then the investigation in that area can be concluded.

Actual compositing of the five discrete soil samples will occur in the laboratory (when cold) in order to minimize the release of volatile species. This technique of compositing soil samples will provide a more representative sample from each section for the same cost.

4-51 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk #0033 RADIAN co•~o•ATIOll

Surface Sampling. The ground surface· will be prepared for surface soil sampling by first scraping off the surface vegetation in a small area. A glass vial will then be labeled and a surface sample will be collected by scraping a thin layer of soil directly into the vial. This will be done as quickly and with as little disturbance as possible in order to minimize the loss of any semi-volatile species. The cap will be screwed on the vial and the vial placed in a cooler at 4°C. Equal weight soil samples from each vial will be combined into one composite in the laboratory. The sample will be homogenized before analysis.

Subsurface Samples. Sub-surface soil samples will be taken by using hand augers to install holes to an approximate depth of 12 inches in the same area where surf ace soil samples were collected. Soil samples will be collect­ ed from the bottom of the hand auger hole in a manner similar to that used for the surface soil samples. As is the case with the other sampling efforts. the need for further soil sampling will depend on the degree of contamination indicated by analysis of the initial soil samples. Each hand auger borehole will be backfilled with the remaining soil. After each boring is complete. the sampling equipment will be decontaminated by the following three-step process: (1) washing the sampling equipment in a solution of detergent and potable water: (2) rinsing with potable water; and (3) rinsing with deionized water.

Hollow Stem Augering/Split Spoon Sampling. Soil sampling will be conducted during monitor well installation if elevated OVA or PID readings are indicated. or if visual observation indicates potential contamination.

Hollow-stem augering will be used in conjunction with a split-spoon sampler to collect soil samples as follows:

• A Galifornia split-spoon sampler lowered through the auger flights to the appropriate sampling depth will be used to obtain relatively undisturbed soil samples for chemical analy-

4-52 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk /10033 RADIAN co••O•ATIOll

sis. The sampler measures 18 inches long and 3 inches in diameter; and contains four stainless steel liners approximate­ ly 3 inches long. As the sampler with liners is driven into the soil, solid samples are retained in the stainless steel liners.

These liners are marked, removed from the holder, separated, and capped with Teflon•-lined caps. The caps are then sealed to the liners with polyvinyl chloride tape, and the liners are stored on ice.

Visual observations are recorded on the boring log. This type of sampling and storage allows for collection of relatively undisturbed soil samples and reduced losses of volatile organic species. When required for soil headspace analysis using the field laboratory, samples will be immediately transferred to VOA bottles. If soil contamination is observed while using the continuous coring technique or the split spoon without sampling liners, then another soil sample will be collected for labora­ tory analysis using the liners.

• After each soil sample is taken, the California split-spoon sampler will be washed and brushed to remove any residual material, and the tip of the sampler will be rinsed in dis­ tilled water and wiped with a clean towel. Clean liners will then be loaded into the sampler for the next soil sample. After completion of the boring, the sampler will be decontami­ nated by either steam-cleaning or washing in detergent and potable water, rinsing with potable water, and rinsing with distilled water.

4-53 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk 110033 co•1to•aT10•RADIAN

• The stainless steel liners are prepared prior to use by the following a three-step process: (1) washing in a solution of detergent and potable water; (2) rinsing with potable water; (3) rinsing with deionized water.

Trenching and Excavation

Trenching will be carried out at the sanitary landfill and burn pits at Site No. 1 and the garbage dump at Site No. 2. In addition. excavation will be required to locate the low-level radioactive waste thought to be buried in one of four canyons in Site No. 1.

Burn Pit Area. The areal limits of the historical burn pit area have been approximated by analysis of aerial photography and confirmed by the terrain conductivity geophysical method. The data suggests a north-south alignment of individual burn pits. Soil-vapor probes along the perimeter of the area will be used to provide additional information on the source before trenching is initiated across the pits. Previous aerial photography interpre­ tation and geophysical data is shown on Figure 4-11. along with proposed soil-vapor and trench locations.

Physical excavation of two exploratory trenches. each approximately 275' long. 8' deep. and 3' wide. aligned perpendicular to the previous burn pits (east to west) is proposed to provide a better definition of the areal and vertical boundaries of the burn pits that were used for containment while burning hazardous wastes. Use of a backhoe with an extended boom is antici­ pated. Soil samples will be collected from the trench and analyzed for metals using EPA 200. 7. purgeable organic priority pollutants by EPA 8240. and base/neutral and acid extractables by EPA 8270.

This activity will provide needed information about the number of burn pits. their average depths. and whether hazardous wastes are present in amounts that require additional site characterization. Upon completion of the two trenches. the excavate~ material will be used for back.filling.

4-54 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk #0033 RADIANCORPORATIO•

Sanitary Landfill (Site No. 1) and the Garbage Dump (Site No. 2. One trench, 8 feet deep and 2 feet wide, will be dug across each landfill area by a backhoe (Figures 4-12 and 4-13). Selected soil samples will be collected as described for the burn pits.

Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Site

Attempts have been made to determine the location of the reported disposal site of radioactive wastes. Site visits by former Lockheed employ­ ees, analysis of aerial photographs, scintillation monitoring using geiger counters, and geophysical surveys were employed as part of this effort. None were successful in locating the wastes; however, suspected locations have been identified. A ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey was used in the three canyons at the Beaumont No. 1 facility, where the radioactive wastes may have been buried (Figure 4-24). The GPR data suggest several possible locations that should be explored further. The most likely candidate site is located in Canyon 1 and is substantiated by the information provided by ex-employees of the facility. However, additional areas may need to be explored.

In order to locate the burial site of the low level radioactive waste material. it is proposed to physically excavate the overburden soil using heavy construction equipment. A scraper or road grader will be used to remove the surf ace soils in Canyon 1 in six-inch increments to depths of four to six feet. During the excavation, field inspections using geiger counters will be performed. If the wastes are not located in this area. Radian will direct the operation to other areas.

Soil sampling, once the waste is found, will provide information regarding the extent of any radioactive contamination. The removal and safe disposal of the waste/soils will then be planned accordingly. More detail on this portion of the field activity will be provided when an excavation subcon­ tractor has been selected.

4-55 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk /10033 RADIAN co•~O•ATIOll

g weaT 8 I 8 ..• ...... 0

.. - 8

•0 c: • -4 g : Maximum extent of surface disturbance as ./ determined by 1970 aerial photography. - Proposed Trenches - •g Soil Samples to be collected from selected locations along their lengths.

LEGEND

~ M•gnetlo Ano•aly Location

/ T•rr•ln Cond•ctl-.lty Contour

& Soil Vapor Sample Location

Contour lnten•I: 2 111llll111ttoa/111eter

Figure 4-11. Sampling Locations at Burn Pit Area, Beaumont No. 1.

4-56 RADIAN co•~O•ATIOll

~o IS'o ' \ \ 0 I 0 I - Proposed Trench - Soil samples to be collected from selected locations along its length.

LEGEND

A Soil Vapor Sample Location Magnetic Locator Trever••

Poaalbl• Limit• of Fiii Scale: 1"=100'

Figure 4- 12. Sampling Locations at Permitted Landfill, Beaumont No. 1

4-57 RADIAN co•~O•ATIOM

(•pproalmat•) I I ' 0 I I I ' I ~· I I /

/ /

Proposed Trench - Soil samples to be collected from selected locations along its length.

/ LEGEND ...... le Locater Tr.,,....• I B90!9H ae.owa... Locet1.,. of M991'etlc AftOIMllea

Poealble Umtte of Fiii

.a. Soil Vapor Sample Location

Scale: 1"=100'

Figure 4-13. Sampling Locations at Garbage Dump, Beaumont No. 2

4-58 \ \ LIM :.a :a:11 ·- :z~-

·~

.i::-- 't 1 V1 \D ~~ 5 ) 5 6 I ~ ,-Cast and Cure Station b. // N // / LEGEND I 0 200 400 + Soil Vapor Sample and Soil Sample Lt M Scale In Feet

Figure 4-14. Sampling Locations at Mix Station/Washout Area, Beaumont No. 1 ( ~, :1 LIM [___; --- ~ / / :11 \ ):, b,. :a N '----._ ;; ( ~ (, "'6 6 :z ~ "·"---- '~ 7 r--, - ~, Ball1istic Tunn,el \ \ 2185 o ------Direction - ..-"-Be;m - . rs of :;...- , _ .-- Contrf I Trail!' \ / / ~

~-~~~.rm ' -o·.o:s.- ---.-. - .::J~._ ~ S torag~- " Bu.il, ldin.g s. / - .\ \ Be c-~_ ~~~"'- "' _ - "" , 2251:;;t!)0-;;.::::_'&22;/~(~-~- ·"! ~2 ~~ ~ "

1 _~--,___ -::vy-~;.-~~·

'2?83 o..__,i). · __ - - ______~· -~~ ~-- "'-- ) ) "' -::--..-.__)I :~"-'::" ~ ~ \ l - ~)°)\~/,' ( ' \

- - " )\ 713I ! /J J Jr:: \ - ~ ( - 0 I 200 400 I ) + Soil Vapor Sample and -~C~~ Sea ie in Feet Soil Sample ~\~'.~::'\

Figure 4-15. Sampling Locations at LPC Ballistics Area, Beaumont No. 1 /

r--

Instrumentation Building ,;1Concre\e Target Wall

. rlre / l' I I '/ ..... , -=:::::::... I .

I )I o LEGEND 200 400 + Soil Vapor Sample and =-~-~-~------~~-~"B."L Soil Sample Scale In Feet

Figure 4-16. Sampling Locations at ~asternAer6jet Area, Beaumont No. 1.

4-61 co•RADIAN .. o•aT1011

200 400 ----'- Scale In Feet ~- I J <) \I\

Figure 4-17. Sampling Locations at LPC Test Area East, Beaumont No. 1

4-62 :.. :a:11 ·- ---- ~I ' I

~ I (j\ VJ

Figure 4-18. Sampling Locations at LPC Test Area West, Beaumont No. 1 :1 1<1/11,_,L6. :a:111 N '~ ·- '------..."""-- ~ -~ ~I -=-~~

.i:-- 1 0\ .i:--

LEGEND

+ Soil Vapor Sample and Soil Sample H l 1 Scale in Feet

Figure 4-19. Sampling Locations at LSM Washout Area, Beaumont No. 1 RADIANco•a-o••T•o•

' \(\ \<~

·3omm Gun

~( N I

+ Soil Vapor Sample and Soil Sample

Figure 4-20. Sampling Locations at Helicopter Test Area, Beaumont No. 1

4-65 tc ro Pl c:: 8 0 ::l rt z 0 RADIAN COR .. ORATIOll

• •

0 200 .-oo

Scale In Feet

Figure 4-22. Sampling Locations at Beaumont No. 2 North

4-67

0 200 '400 • Scale In Feet

p·igure 4_ 23 • Sampling Locatio ns at Beaumont No. 2 South

4-68 RADIAN co•~O•ATIOll

/ // I

6 6 7 7

--- -

Figure 4-24. Potential Locations of Buried Radioactive Waste.

4-69 RADIAN COR .. ORATION

5. 0 SAMPLE ClJSTODY

Shipping - Samples will be shipped to Radian Analytical Services in Sacramento for analysis. Upon arrival at the laboratory the samples will be inspected, logged into a computer tracking system, and distributed to the laboratory staff by the Radian sample control officer.

When packaging samples for commercial transport, an absorbent material such as vermiculite will be used in case of breakage, and individual bottles will be separated by padded materials. Sample packaging requirements for hazardous materials requiring interstate transport are defined in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 49, Chapter 1, Part 171. These requirements outline in detail the proper classification and procedures for transportation of hazardous materials that will be used for transport of the samples.

Master Sample Log - A master sample log will be maintained on-site for all samples collected. Each sample will be assigned a unique identification number; and a full description of the physical characteristics of the sample (i.e., odor, color), its origin, and disposition will be included in the master log entry. Figure 5-1 is an example of a master sample log entry.

Sample Label - Each sample taken will have a sample label, an example is shown in Figure 5-2. Sample labels serve to identify the sample by documenting the sample type, who took it, where it was taken, when it was taken, and the preservation method used. The unique number assigned to each sample is also documented on the sample label. These labels will be filled out using a marker with indelible ink and affixed to the bottles immediately before samples are taken for each individual well. No pens with volatile organic carriers (i.e.. Sharpies) will be used in the vicinity of sampling activity in order to prevent possible sample contamination. To ensure future legibility, clear tape will be affixed over the labels.

5-1 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk /10033 FIELD INFORMATION

Sample Date Date Control Date Time s-ple Sampler's Lab to from :1 No. s-pled Sampled Location Initials Matrix Dup Analysis Preservative ID Lab Lab Ccmments

~;

~I

V1 I N

Figure 5-1. Example of On-Site Heater Sa•ple Log. RADIAN co•"'•••T•••

RADIAN F1eta Number ----- co•11•••TION 10395 Old P1acerv111e Fld Sacramento. Ca1itorn1a 95827 19161362·5332 Sample Type: Client: Location: Preservative: ------­ Sampler: ------­ Date: Comment:

Figure 5-2. Radian sample label.

5-3 RADIAN co•~o••T•o•

Chain-of-Custody - Chain-of-custody procedures are an integral part of the quality assurance/quality control {QA/QC) program for sampling and analysis. The chain-of-custody record accompanies sealed samples to the laboratory and provides a record of who handled the sample during collection. transportation. and analysis. The chain-of-custody documentation must be kept with the samples at all times. An example of a blank chain-of-custody form is presented in Figure 5-3.

Canister Samples - The Radian geologist will be responsible for custody and documentation procedures for the stainless steel canister samples. The chain-of-custody documentation must be kept with the sample at all times. Two forms will accompany the canisters to the laboratory. A sample label will be filled out with a ballpoint pen and physically attached to the canister immediately after the sample was taken. Sample labels serve to identify the sample by documenting: unique sample number. sample type. sampler name. location. and time.

Each canister provided by the Radian laboratory will have a chain-of-custody form attached to it. This form. which includes documentation of the canister cleaning. evacuation. and initial pressure. accompanies the sample throughout the analytical work.

5-4 Rev. 6/24/87 Disk ft0033 RADIAN SAM •------CO•~O•ATIO• 10381 OLD f'LACERVLLE ROAD SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA 91827

CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD

FIELD SECTION

CLIENT NAME------PROJECTADDRESS~~~--::~~---~------NU11tb« Street Ctty Zlo

SAMPLED BY ~N:':'a~m~"""""":e(::P::R:"!':IN:"!':T::'l):----~O~r-pnb---i-a-t"!"lon-- CONTAINERS OBTA•ED P'ROM ______

PRESERVATIVE USED------STORAGE TEMNRATUAE OA111blent 0 4° C 0 -1a° C Other -

C HAZARDOUS C NON-HAZARDOUS SPECIAL HANDLING IN8TRUCTION8------

FELD REMARKS------

0 ,llLD DATA AllA&.Y•MCM- COUKTOM Ill... i .. ITATIOll LOCATIOll a·= SAWUNQ. c . !I ...... Q ! ,.,...... , u I ~1 i Uc...

-

ReleHed by Organization Date/Tim• Rec:etved by Organazation DatelTllft•

ReleHed by Organization Date/Tim• Received by Organaation Date/Tllfte

ReleHed by Organization Date/Tim• Rec:etved by Organization Date/Tim•

LABORATORY SECTION

TEMPERATURE RECEIVED---- FEDX AIRBn.L•------HAND DELIVERED------

ANALYSIS RECORD

TYPE OF PERFORMED BY DATE OF RECORDED COMMENTS ANALYSIS (Signed) ANALYSIS (LAB BOOK NOJ

Original (Page 1) Laboratory (Page 2) Sample• (Page 3)

Figure 5-3. Chain of Custody Form

5-5 RADIAN CO•ll'O•ATION

6. 0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY

Laboratory Calibration

Laboratory calibration procedures will be conducted according to the prescribed protocols described in each EPA method.

organic Vapor Analyzer Calibration

Screening and survey analyses for total hydrocarbons will be per­ formed using HNU Foxboro Century 108 portable organic vapor analyzers which perform hydrocarbon detection by gas chromatography/photoionization (GC/PID). A 10. 2 eV lamp. appropriate for detecting short-chain halogenated hydrocarbons, will be used.

Prior to sampling activities, the air monitoring equipment will be calibrated in the laboratory. Three to five different concentrations of trichloroethylene (TCE) will be used to check the linearity of instrument response. A plot of known concentration ~ instrument response is prepared to determine instrument linearity. A perfect straight line has a correlation coefficient equal to one (1). If the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.9950. the instrument response is considered to be linear and the instrument is ready for field use. When sampling activities have been completed, another multipoint calibration test will be performed to note if any deviation exists. If deviation is noted then the field measurements are adjusted based on the average deviation. Should the correlation coefficient at the end of the sampling be less than 0.9950. then field data will be noted accordingly. A calibration check will be performed daily, prior to sampling. The electronic calibration of the instrument will be checked and adjusted if necessary.

Bottled ultra high purity (UHP) air will be analyzed to check the zero in the field. then the low-level TCE calibration standard will be analyzed. The response factors obtained for the calibration standard will be

6-1 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk #0033 RADIAN CO• .. O•ATIO•

analyzed immediately before and after daily sampling, and must be within + 20 percent of the weekly multipoint response factor.

Field Gas Chromatograph Calibration

The field gas chromatograph utilized by Tracer Research Corporation will be calibrated every morning using multi-point calibration standards prepared specifically for this investigation. These standards will be a mix of all target analytes, including trichloroethylene, 1-1-1-trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, 1-1-dichloroethylene, 1-1-dichloroethane, 1-2-dichloro­ ethane, benzene, toluene, and xylenes. Response factors and linearity for each compound will be developed based on this calibration.

A calibration check will be performed after every five samples by injecting one of the calibration standards. If the results do not fall within 25 percent of the original calibration, the instrument will be recalibrated and new response factors determined.

6-2 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk 110033 RADIANco•1to•aT1011

7.0 ANALlTICAL PROCEDURES

In assessment monitoring, parameters are carefully selected in order to determine the existence and concentration of specific substances which are known, or suspected, to be present in soil vapor, soil, or ground water at the Beaumont sites. The various EPA methods utilized in this investigation include analysis for:

Water: • Conductance; • Hardness; • pH; • Temperature; • Alkalinity; • Chloride; • Sulfate; • Nitrate; • Metals; • Purgeable halocarbons; • Purgeable organic priority pollutants; and • Base/neutral and acid extractables.

Soil: • Metals; • Organochlorine pesticides and PCB's; • Purgeable organic priority pollutants; and • Base/neutral and acid extractables.

Soil Vapor: • Volatile organics (field); and • Volatile organics (stainless steel canister).

7-1 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk 110033 RADIAN CO•PO•ATIOll

Analytical methods were selected to provide results with a high degree of sensitivity ·at a cost effective rate. The analytical methods, EPA method numbers. and descriptions of the methods are summarized in Table 3-1. Specific analytes and their detection limits will be discussed later in this section. The detection limits listed for all methods are those reported by the laboratory, and are verified and updated quarterly by repeated analysis of low-level standards. Deviations from these detection limits may occur as a result of reagent blank contamination: any deviation will be reported and used to qualify the analytical results. Table 7-1 lists the sample quantity. sample container, and sample preservation procedures required for each analytical test.

Specific parameters were selected on the basis of the history of operations. wastes potentially produced by those operations, and past analyses performed on wastes discovered on the site. The historic data review for this site suggests that contamination from solvents. beryllium, and/or solid rocket propellant may be present at certain areas of the Lock.heed facilities. Beaumont No. 1 and No. 2.

Conductance EPA Method 120.1

Sample conductance is measured in the field according to EPA Method 120.1. Standard field meters are rinsed with sample prior to recording conductance. The instrument will be calibrated at least twice daily using a standard of known conductivity •

.Pl! EPA Method 150.1

Sample pH is measured in the field using EPA Method 150.1. Field pH meters are calibrated using two buffers according to manufacturer's instruc­ tions. and the electrode rinsed with the sample prior to recording pH.

7-2 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk 110033 TABLE 7-1. WATER SAMPLE STORAGEAND PRESERVATIONMETHODS :.- :11 Maximum :g Reference Storage Holding Parameter Method Container(s) a Preservation Requirements Time ~I Conductance EPA 120.1 Field

pH EPA 150.1 Field

Temperature EPA 170.1 Field

Hardness EPA 130.2 One 100 ml HN0 to Refrigerate 6 Months 3

...... glass or pH <2 at 4°C I w polyethylene bottle

Alkalinity EPA 310.1 One 100 ml - Refrigerate 14 Days glass or at 4°C polyethylene bottle

Chloride EPA 325.1 One 50 ml - - 28 Days glass or polyethylene bottle

Sulfate EPA 3 75. 4 One 50 ml - Refrigerate 28 Days glass or at 4°C polyethylene bottle

Nitrate Field

(Continued) TABLE 7-1. (Continued) :;a :11 Maximum :a Reference Storage Holding ·- Parameter Method Container(s)a Preservation Requirements Time ~I

Trace Elements EPA 200.7 One 500 ml HN0 to 6 months 3 Refrigerate (23 Metals) (CLP Modified) glass or pH <2 at 4°C polyethylene bottle

Purge able EPA 601 Three 40 ml glass None Refrigerate 14 days Halocarbons vials with at 4°C -...J I Teflon• Septa """'

Organochlorine EPA 8080 200 ml (Soil) glass None Refrigerate 7 days until Pesticides and (Soils) bottles with at 4°C extraction. PCBs Teflon• Seals 40 days after extraction.

Purge able EPA 624 Three 40 ml (water) None Refrigerate 14 days Organic EPA 8240 or 200 ml (soil) at 4°C Priority (Soils) glass vials with Pollutants (CLP Modified) Teflon• Septa

(Continued) TABLE 7-1. (Continued) :.a :111 Maximum :a Reference Storage Holding Parameter Method Container(s)a Preservation Requirements Time ·- ~I

Base/Neutral EPA 625 Two 1-Liter (water) None Refrigerate 7 days until and Acids EPA 8270 or 200 ml (soil) at 4°C extraction. (Soils) glass bottles with 40 d·ays after (CLP Modified) Teflon• Seals extraction

...... I \J1 aAll containers are pre-cleaned before being purchased by the laboratory. RADIAN CO•ltO•ATIOR

Tea:perature EPA Method 170.1

Temperature is measured in the field using EPA Method 170.1. A mercury thermometer will be rinsed twice with sample prior to recording temperature. The thermometer will be calibrated to a standard that is National Bureau of Standards (NBS) traceable.

Hardness EPA Method 130.2

Samples are analyzed for hardness using EPA Method 130.2. Hardness is a measure of the capacity of water to precipitate soap. caused chiefly by the presence of calcium and magnesium ions. Total hardness is defined as the sum of the calcium and magnesium ions. expressed as calcium carbonate.

In this method. the calcium and magnesium ions become complexed upon the addition of ethylenediamene tetraacetate (EDTA) by titration. The solu­ tion changes from red to blue when the ions are completely complexed.

Trace Elements ICPES (Metals) EPA Method 200.7 (Water and Soils) (CLP Modified)

Samples are analyzed for trace elements. or metals. using EPA Method 200. 7 for water and soils with modifications for compliance with the CLP program (CLP modified). The modifications involve QC acceptance criteria. and are listed in Table 7-2. Analysis for most metals requires digestion of the sample by nitric acid. This digestion is performed as Method 6010 for water or Method 3050 for soil. Following digestion. the trace elements are simulta­ neously or sequentially determined using inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy (ICPES). The elements and corresponding detection limits for this method are listed in Table 7-3.

7-6 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk #0033 :~ TABLE 7-2. SUMMARYOF CALIBRATION AND INTERNAL QUALITY OONTROLPROCEDURES :11 FOR EPA METHOD200.7 (CLP MODIFIED) :a Analytical Applicable ~1 Method Parameter Quality Control Check Frequency Acceptance Criteria Corrective Action ·-:

EPA 200,7 Trace Metala Control Sample Daily Within + 10% of true value 1. Prepare new cal. std. (CLP Modified) 2. Repeat calibration

Duplicate Analysis 10% Agreement within + 20% Repeat sample analysis

Duplicate Samples 10% N/A Used to determine sampling/ analytical variability

Field Blanks Minimum of 1 in 20 N/A Used to determine sources of contamination

Method Blank Daily Refer to Method Repeat analysis

--.J I --.J Interference Check Daily Results within + 25% of Repeat calibration true value -

Spiked Sample 10% Recovery between 75 - 125% Repeat analysis

Limit of Detection Quarterly None Used to verify current LOD

Method Spike Daily Results within + 25% of Repeat analysis the value - RADIAN co•~O•ATIOll

TABLE 7-3.

EPA METHOD 200.7 (CLP MODIFIED)

TRACE ELEMENTS (METALS) PARAMETERS AND DETECTION LIMITS

Detection Limits Compound (mg/l)

Aluminum 0.05 Antimony 0.03 Arsenic 0.06 Barium 0.002 Beryllium 0.001 Boron 0.01 Cadmium 0.004 Calcium 0.01 Chrcmium 0.007 Cobalt 0.007 Copper 0.006 Iron 0.007 Lead 0.04. Magnesium 0.03 Manganese 0.002 Molybdenum 0.008 Nickel 0.015 Potassium o.os Selenium 0.08 Silicon 0.06 Silver 0.007 Sodium 0.03 Thallium 0.05 Vanadium 0.008 Zinc 0.002

EPA Method 200.7 has only estimated detection limits for water. Due to the complexity of the soil matrix, detection limits in soil are expected to be 50 to 100 percent higher.

7-8 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk /10033 RADIAN CORllORATION

Alkalinity EPA Method 310.1

Samples are analyzed for alkalinity using STD Method 403. An unaltered sample is titrated to an end point of pH 4.5 using a standard hydrochloric or sulfuric acid.

Chloride EPA Method 325.1

Samples are analyzed for chloride using EPA Method 325.1. Chloride ions react with mercuric thiocyanate to release thiocyanate ions. In the presence of ferric ions. the liberated thiocyanate forms a highly colored ferric thiocyanate in a concentration proportional to the original chloride concentration. The amount of ferric thiocyanate is then measured using colorimetric techniques.

Nitrate EPA 353.1

Samples will be analyzed for nitrate in the field. using a Hach Model DRlOOO. low range nitrate test kit. The kit uses a cadmium reduction method to colorimetrically measure nitrate (as NO~) in the 0.0 to 0.4 mg/l range. Laboratory analysis is precluded for nitrate measurements because of the short holding time (1 day) for the samples.

Sulfate EPA Method 375.4

Samples are analyzed for sulfate using EPA Method 375.4. This is a turbidimetric method where sulfate ion is precipitated as a barium sulfate suspension under controlled conditions. The resulting turbidity is determined by a nephelometer. filter photometer or spectrophotometer. and compared to a curve prepared from standard sulfate solutions.

7-9 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk 110033 RADIAN CORPORATION

Purgeable Halocarbon Analysis EPA Method 601 (Water)

Samples are analyzed for purgeable halocarbons using EPA Method 601 for water. This is a purge and trap gas chromatographic technique. An inert gas is bubbled through the ground-water sample to transfer volatile purgeable halocarbons from the liquid to the vapor phase. Halocarbons are removed from the inert gas by passing it through a sorbent trap. The halocarbons are then back.flushed from the sorbent trap onto a gas chromatographic column to sepa­ rate and quantify the compounds of interest. The species are then detected by using a Hall Electroconductivity Detector (RECD). Table 7-4 lists the compounds and detection limits for EPA Method 601.

This method provides for the use of a second type of gas chromatographic column using the same RECD detector to resolve compounds of interest from interferences that may occur during the analysis. When second-column analysis is performed. retention times on both columns must match. Non-matching chromatographic peaks are considered interference.

Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs EPA Method 8080 (Soil)

Samples are analyzed for pesticides and PCBs using Method 8080 for soils. This method involves sample extraction using methylene chloride. followed by concentration and exchange of the extract into hexane. A gas chromograph with an electron capture detector is used to separate and quantify the analytes. Table 7-5 lists the compounds and detection limits for this method. Table 7-6 summarizes the QC acceptance criteria for this method.

7-10 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk f/0033 RADIAN CORPORATION

TABLE 7-4.

EPA METHOD 601 (Water)

PURGEABLE HALOCARBONS PARAMETERS AND DETEGrION LIMITS

Method Detection Limit Parameter (ug/liter)

Chloromethane 0.50 Brom om.ethane 1.00 Dichlorodifluoromethane ND Vinyl Chloride 0.20 Chlo roe thane 0.50 Methylene Chloride 0.40 Trichlorofluoromethane 0.10 1,1-Dichloroethene 0.10 1,1-Dichloroethane 0.10 trans-1,2-Dichloroethene 0.10 Chloroform 0.10 1,2-Dichloroethane 0.10 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.20 Carbon Tetrachloride 0.20 Bromodichloromethane 0.10 1,2-Dichloropropane 0.10 cis-1,3-Dichloropropene 0.40 Trichloroethene 0.20 Dibromochloromethane 0.20 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.20 trans-1,3-Dichloropropene 0.40 2-Chloroethylvinyl Ether 0.20 Bromoform 0.20 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 0.20 Tetrachloroethene 0.10 Chlorobenzene 0.20 1,3-Dichlorobenzene 0.50 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 0.20 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 0.20

ND = not determined

7-11 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk 110033 RADIAN ~

TABLE 7-5.

EPA METHOD 8080 (Soil)

ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND PCB's PARAMETERS AND DETECTION LIMITS

Detection Limit* Parameter (ug/kg)

alpha - BHC 1 gamma - BHC (lindane) 1 beta - BHC 1 heptachlor 1 delta - BHC 1 aldrin 1 heptachlor epoxide 1 endosulfan I 1 4,4-DDT 1 dieldrin 1 endrin 1 4,4-DDD 1 endosulfan II 3 4,4-DDD 1 endrin aldehyde 2 endosulfan sulfate 5 methoxychlor 5 endrin ketone 5 chlorodane 5 toxaphene so PCB-1016 1 PCB-1221 2 PCB-1232 2 PCB-1242 1 PCB-1248 1 PCB-1254 2 PCB-1260 2

*Detection limits for soil are based on the extraction of lOg of soil and are approximately 100 times those for water. In sane cases, lower detection limits may be achieved by extracting 30g of sample.

7-12 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk #0033 :~ :a:11 TABLE 7-6. SUMMARYOF CALIBRATION AND INTERNAL QUALITY OONTROLPROCEDURES FOR EPA METHOD608 ·-!II :z Analytical Applicable Method Parameter Quality Control Check Frequency Acceptance Criteria Corrective Action

EPA 608/8080 Pesticides Calibration Daily. prior to Measured response within 1. Repeat test with fresh and PCBs Check sample analysis ~15% of predicted calibration standard response 2. Prepare new multipoint calibration curve with response factor (RF) <10% relative standard deviation (RSD) over the working range, or perform linear regression (correlation co-efficient -..J >0.995) I I-" VJ QC sample After calibration +15% 1. Repeat test and after every 10 - 2. Repeat calibration samples (minimtDB two 3. See lab manager per set)

Reagent blank 10% <3 times LOD 1. Repeat check 2. See lab manager

Spike analyses Each sample +50% 1. Repeat test 2. Analyze a QC sample containing each parameter thst failed 3. Flag date

Duplicate analyses 10% +50% Obtain third value RADIAN CORPORATION

Purgeable Halocarbon and Organic Analysis EPA Method 624 (Water) EPA Method 8240 (Soils)

The presence and concentration of purgeable halocarbon and organic compounds can be determined by EPA Method 624 (CLP modified) in water or 8240 (CLP modified) in soils. These methods (both modified for the EPA contract laboratory program) use a purge and trap gas chromatographic/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) technique. An inert gas is bubbled through the water samples, or a soil-water slurry for soil samples, to transfer the purgeable organic compounds from the liquid to vapor phase. Soil samples with higher levels of contaminant are extracted using tetraglyme or methanol before purging. The vapor is then swept through a sorbent trap where the purgeables are trapped. The trap is backf lushed and heated to desorb the purgeable organics onto a gas chromatographic column where they are separated and then detected with a mass spectrometer. The species which can be detected using EPA Methods 624 and 8240 and their detection limits are listed in Table 7-7. Table 7-8 summarizes the quality control checks and acceptance criteria for this method.

Base/Neutral and Acid Extractable Organic Analysis EPA Method 625 (Water) EPA Method 8270 (Soil)

Base/neutral and acid extractable analysis is performed using EPA Method 625 (CLP modified) for water, and EPA Method 8270 (CLP modified) for soils. These techniques quantitatively determine the concentration of a number of semi-volatile organic compounds. Organic compounds are extracted from the sample with methylene chloride at a pH of greater than 11 to obtain base/neutral extractables. Acid extractable compounds are obtained frcm the sample by extraction with methylene chloride at a pH of 2 or less. Both base/neutral and acid extracts are then concentrated by removal of the methylene chloride through evaporation. Compounds of interest are separated and quantified using a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The

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TABLE 7-7 EPA METHOD 624 (Water) (CLP Modified) EPA METHOD 8240 (Soil) (CLP Modified) PURGEABLE HALOCARBONS AND AROMATICS PARAMETERS AND DETECTION LIMITS

Detection Limit* Parameter (ug/l)

Chlo rome thane 5.0 Bromomethane 5.0 Vinyl chloride 5.0 Chloroethane 5.0 Methylene chloride 2.8 Acetone 7.5 Carbon disulfide 1. 7 Trichlorofluoromethane 5.0 1.1-Dichloroethene 4.7 1,1-Dichloroethane 2.8 trans-1.2-Dichloroethene 1.6 Chloroform 1.6 1,2-Dichloroethane 2.8 2-butanone 25. 1,1.1-Trichloroethane 3.8 Carbon tetrachloride 2.8 Vinyl acetate 6.9 Bromodichloromethane 2.2 1,2-Dichloropropane 6.0 cis-1.3-Dichloropropene 5.0 Trichloroethylene 1.9 Benzene 4.4 Dibromochloromethane 3.1 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 5.0 trans-1.3-Dichloropropene 5.0 2-Chloroethylvinyl ether 5.0 Bromoform 4.7 2-Hexanone 36 4-Methyl-2-pentanone 46 1.1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane 6.9 Tetrachloroethene 4.1 Toluene 6.0 Chl orobe nzene 6.0 Ethyl benzene 7.2 Styrene 3.0 Total xylenes 4.6

* Detection limits are for both soil and water provided 5g of soil and 5 ml of water are used.

Rev. 6/26/87 7-15 Disk #0033 TABLE 7-8. SUMMARYOF CALIBRATION AND INTERNAL QUALITY OONTROLPROCEDURES FOR EPA METHOD624 (CLP MODIFIED) :~ Analytical Applicable :11 Method Parameter Quality Control Check Frequency Acceptance Criteria Corrective Action :a 1 EPA 624/8240 Purge able Check of Mass Spectral Daily or once Refer to CLP 1. Retune instrument (CLP Modified) Organics Ion intensities using per 12 hours Method (see E-16, 2. Repeat BFB analysis ·- BFB See Table I Section 1.3) ~I Mass Scale Calibration As needed N/A Repeat calibration using PFTBA

2 5-Point Calibration Initial calibration CCC's ~30% RSD Repeat after corrective 3 5 (See CLP, E-22A SPCC's >0.3 action Section 2.3) Response factor. See Table II (see CLP, E-24, Section 2.4.1 and E-27, Section 2.6.2)

2 On-going calibration Once per each 12 ccc•s ~25% ~SD 1. If CCC is out, run verification hours (see CLP, SPCC's 3> 0.3 method spike E-26, Section 2.6) Response factor See 2. If SPCC is out, repeat Table II after corrective action 4 Acceptability tests As needed Refer to 624 method Repeat test -..J (Method Spike) See Table III I ...... (Section 8.1.1 & 8.1.5) °' Surrogate Standard All samples Based on CLP limits Flag results as outside data Spike See Table IV control limits (E-29, Section 4) Duplicate Analyses See project N/A N/A (Not part of CLP or QAPP 624) System Blank Analysis Daily prior to See CLP Method 1) Clean system sample analyses (E-28, Section 3) 2) Repeat blank analysis and once each 12 hours Duplicate Samples Not specified See Method 624 Will be used to determine (see sampling protocol, (Section 8. 7) sampling/analytical 624, Section 8.7) variability Field Blanks (see 1 per sampling N/A Will be used to determine sampling protocol) site sources of contamination Matrix Spike Analysis 5% See Method 624 Analyze Method Spike (QC See Table III check standard) 624 Section (Section 8.3) 8.4

1 All CLP references refer to Mod 10 of CLP 2 CCC's Calibration Check Compounds 3 SPCC's System Performance Check Compounds 4 All 624 & 624 references· refer to Federal Register Vol. 49, No. 209, October 26, 1984 5 SPCC for Bromoform is > 0.250 RADIAN CORPORATION

compounds that can be detected using EPA Methods 625 and 8270 and their detection limits are listed in Table 7-9. Table 7-10 summarizes the quality control checks and acceptance criteria for this method.

GC/MD Analyses of Stainless Steel Canister Vapor Samples

Air samples for detailed speciation of volatile organics will be collected in evacuated stainless steel canisters. Canister samples sent to Radian's Austin. Texas Chromatography Laboratory will be analyzed using a dual-column. multiple detector gas chromatography technique (GC/MD). These detectors include a flame ionization detector (FID). a photoionization detect­ or (PID). and a Hall electroconductivity detector (RECD) in the halogen mode.

To achieve the desired detection levels. volatile organic species . are separated fran the ambient air matrix and concentrated. The analytical procedure consists of the following:

• Pressurization of the canister with ultra-high purity (UHP) nitrogen to 10-15 psig to provide positive pressure for sample removal and oxygen dilution;

• Collection of VOCs through a Perma-Pure/ drier onto a liquid argon cooled cryogenic trap;

• Desorption of the hydrocarbon species onto a fused silica capillary GC column by heating the trap to 100°C while backflushing with UHP nitrogen;

• Detection of the VOCs by flame ionization detector (FID). photoionization detector (PID). and Hall electrolytic conduct­ ivity detector (RECD); and

• Computer-assisted data reduction.

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TABLE 7-9

EPA METHOD 625 (Water) (CLP Modified) EPA METHOD 8270 (Soil) (CLP Modified)

BASE/NEUTRAL AND ACID EXTRACTABLE ANALYSIS PARAMETERS AND DETECTION LIMITS

Detection Limit * Water Soil Parameters (ug/liter) (ug/kilogram)

A. Base/Neutral Extractables 1.3-Dichlorobenzene 1.9 190 1.4-Dichlorobenzene 4.4 440 Hexachloroethane 1.6 160 bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether 5.7 570 1.2-Dichlorobenzene 1.9 190 bis(2-Chloroisopropyl) ether 5.7 570 Nitrobenzene 1.9 190 Hexachlorobutadiene 0.9 90 1.2.4-Trichlorobenzene 1.9 190 Isophorone 2.2 220 Naphthalene 1.6 160 bis(2-Chloroethoxyl) methane 5.3 530 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 6.0 600 2-Chloronaphthalene 1.9 190 Acenaphthalene 3.5 350 Acenaphthene 1.9 190 Dimethyl phthalate 1.6 350 2.6-Dinitrotoluene 1.9 190 Fluorene 1.9 190 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether 4.2 420 2.4-Dinitrotoluene 5.7 570 Diethylphthalate 1.9 190 n-Nitrosodiphenylamine 1.9 190 Hexachlorobenzene 1.9 190 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether 1.9 190 Phenanthrene 5.4 540 Anthracene 1.9 190

(Continued)

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TABLE 7-9. (Continued)

Detection. Liurit . * Water Soil Parameters (ug/liter) (ug/kilogram)

A. Base/Neutral Extractables (Continued) Alpha-BHC 3.0 300 Beta-BHC 5.0 500 Gamma-BHC (lindane) 4.0 400 Delta-BHC 4.0 400 Heptachlor 1.9 190 Aldrin 1.9 190 Dinbutyl phthalate 2.5 250 Heptachlor epoxide 2.2 220 Endosulfan I 6.0 600 Fluoranthene 2.2 220 Dieldrin 2.5 250 4,4'-DDE 5.6 560 Pyrene 1.9 190 Endrin a.a 800 Endosul fan II 10 1000 4,4'-DDD 2.8 280 Benzidine 44 4400 4,4'-DDT 4.7 470 Endosulfan sulfate 5.6 560 Endrin aldehyde 10 1000 Butyl benzyl phthalate 2.5 250 bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate 2.5 250 Chrysene 2.5 250 Benzo(a)anthracene 7.8 780 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine 17 1700 Di-n-octyl phthalate 2.5 250 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 4.8 480 Benzo(k)fluoranthene 2.5 250 Benzo(a)pyrene 2.5 250 Indeno(l,2,3-c,d)pyrene 3.7 370 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 2.5 250 Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 4.1 410 2n-Nitrosodimethylam.ine 10 1000 Gamma chlordane 10 1000 Alpha chlordane 10 1000 PCB (various isomers) 30-500 3000-50000

(Continued)

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TABLE 7-9. (Continued)

Detection Limit* Water Soil Parameters (ug/liter) (ug/kilogram)

B. Acid Extractables 2-Chlorophenol 3.3 330 2-Nitrophenol 3.6 360 Phenol 1.5 150 2.4-Dimethylphenol 2.7 270 2.4-Dichlorophenol 2.7 270 2.4.6-Trichlorophenol 2.7 270 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol 3.0 300 2.4-Dinitrophenol 42 4200 2-Methyl-4.6-dinitrophenol 24 2400 Pentachlorophenol 3.6 360 4-Nit rophenol 2.4 240

* Detection limits for soil are based on the extraction of lOg of sample and are approximately 100 times those for water. In some cases. lower detection limits may be achieved by extracting 30g of sample. GPC (gel permeation chromatography) cleanup of samples. if necessary. raises detection limits twofold.

Rev. 6/26/87 7-20 Disk ffo0033 TABLE 7-10. SUMMARYOF CALIBRATION AND INTERNAL QUALITY CXlNTROLPROCEDURES FOR EPA METHOD625 (CLP MODIFIED) ;~ Analytical Applicable :11 Method Parameter Quality Control Check Frequency Acceptance Criteria Corrective Action :a 1 EPA 625/8270 Semi­ Check of Mass Spectral Daily or once per Refer to CLP 1. Retune instrument (CLP Modified) Ion intensities using 12 hours Method (see E-8, 2. Repeat DFTPP analysis volatile ·-~- Organics DFl'PP See Table I Section 1.1) :z Mass Scale Calibration As needed N/A Repeat calibration using PFTBA 2 5-Point Calibration Initial calibration CCC's ! 30% RSD Repeat after corrective 3 (See CLP, E-22A Section SPCC's >0.05 action 2.3) Response factor See Table II (see CLP, E-24, Section 2.4.1 and E-27, Section 2.6.2) 2 On-going Once per each 12 CCC's ! 25% RSD 1. If CCC out, flag as calibration 3 is verification hours (see CLP, SPCC's > 0.05 outside limit E-26, Section 2.6) Response factor. See 2. If SPCC is out, repeat Table II after corrective action 4 -..J Acceptability tests As needed, see 625 Refer to Method 625 Repeat test I N (Method Spike) (Section 8.1.5) See Table V ...... (Section 8.2) Surrogate Standard All samples Based on CLP limits 1. If recovery is <10%, Spike See Table IV re-extract & re-analyze (CLP Method, E-29, 2. Flag results as outside daa Section 4) control limits Duplicate Analyses See project N/A N/A (Not part of CLP or QAPP 625) System Blank Analysis 1 per extraction See text (CLP, E-28, 1) Clean system batch Section 3) 2) Repeat blank analysis Duplicate Samples (see Not specified N/A Will be used to determine 625, Section 8.7) Sampling/analytical variability Field Blanks (see 1 per sampling N/A Will be used to determine sampling protocol) site sources of contamination Matrix Spike Analysis 5% See Method 625, Analyze Method Spike (QC See Table IV check standard) 625, Section 8.3 Section 8.4

1 All CLP references refer to Hod 10 of CLP 2 CCC's Calibration Check Compounds 3 SPCC's System Performance Check Compounds 4 All 624 & 624 references refer to Federal Register Vol. 49, No. 209, October 26, 1984 _._,.,.....RADIAN

8.0 DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION, AND REPORTING

A significant effort will be made to ensure that the data meets quality specifications and the reported results are properly qualified. Proper data qualification includes the use of the Radian Analytical Services "Data Export System," evaluation by the analytical task leader, and qualifica­ tion of data using guidelines established by the American Chemical Society.

There is a large degree of uncertainty inherent in the reporting of contaminant levels that approach the limits of laboratory instrument response or detection. Because of this uncertainty, Radian has adopted a method for interpreting low-level analytical values based on the guidelines set forth by the American Chemical Society (Keith, et al., 1983). This method involves determining a limit of detection and a limit of quantitation when performing analysis for purgeable halocarbons.

The limit of detection (LOD) for an analytical technique is defined as "the lowest concentration level that can be determined to be statistically different from a blank" (Keith, et al., 1983). The recommended LOD value is three standard deviations above the mean for each laboratory reagent blank data set. Reagent blanks are aliquots of organic-free water analyzed at the beginning of each analytical run to determine baseline instrument response. The detection limit is computed for a set of laboratory data by taking the mean value of the laboratory blanks and adding three times the standard deviation of the data set to it. The LOD defines the response above the variability associated with mean reagent blank values.

The limit of quantitation (LOQ) is defined as "the level above which quantitative results may be obtained with a specified degree of confidence" (Keith, et al., 1983). The value for limit of quantitation is defined as the mean laboratory reagent blank response plus 10 times the standard deviation of the blank data set. If an uncertainty of .:t,30% in the measurement technique and normal Gaussian distribution of the measurements are assumed, the limit of

8-1 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk #0033 RADIAN CO•ll'O•ATIOM

quantitation will be at the 90% confidence level. In terms of data use, the Committee on Environmental Improvement's article recommends that "Quantitative interpretation, decision-making, and regulatory actions should be limited to data at or above the limit of quantitation" (Keith, et al., 1983). Sample data that fall between the limits of detection and quantitation are referred to as "trace" levels, but are not accepted as significant.

The Radian laboratory data will be "exported" to the analytical task leader via hard copy and on diskette. Included will be all sampling and analytical quality control information needed to evaluate data quality and method detection limit/apparent detection limit information. The analytical task leader will review these data by batch, compute data qualifying informa­ tion, and report validated qualifier data.

All sample data will be assigned a code indicating the degree of confidence in the sample data. Additionally, all sample data will be accompanied with units of measure and the qualifier code indicating quantitative data (above LOD), semi-quantitative data (between limit of detection and quantitation, or in the region of less certainty), or not quantitative (bel0111 limit of detection). A summary of these codes is given in Table 8-1. This code system will resolve any ambiguity in reporting results and provide proper quantification. The quantified data will also be characterized by precision, accuracy and bias, calculated as follows:

Precision is calculated as the standard deviation between field or laboratory duplicate sample pairs, or

where d = difference between pairs n = number of pairs

8-2 Rev. 6/26/87 Disk 110033 co•.,o••Tto•RADIAN TABLE 8-1. CODING OF SAMPLE/QC DATA

Type of Data Sample Code Description

Sample Data Q Quantitative - above limit of quantitation.

SQ (TR) Semiquantitative - between limit of detec­ tion and quantitation or in the region of less certainty.

NQ Not quantitative - below limit of detec­ tion. Can be reported as one-half method detection limit or apparent detection limit.

NA Not analyzed.

NS Not sampled.

F Field analysis.

L Laboratory analysis.

p Precision - result qualified because precision of laboratory duplicates fell out­ side of CV limits for the method.

A Accuracy - result qualified because control sample and method spike results indicated recovery outside of the established limits for the method.

B Bias - result is biased, as indicated by control sample or standard results.

Quality FB Field blank. Control Data TB Trip blank.

RB Reagent blank.

FD Field duplicate.

LD Laboratory duplicate.

MS Matrix spike.

cs Control Sample.

8-3 RADIAN CORl"ORATIO•

Accuracy is calculated as the standard error of the difference between measured and known values. or

s = std. deviation of the difference n = number of samples

Bias is a significant directional deviation from known values. and is calculated as:

Bias=~ (X X = measured valve m ~) m n ~ = known valve (standard)

These measures provide a quantitative means of assessing the data (i.e •• the same units). and are necessary to consider during interpretation or data analysis.

The raw data. in the form of laboratory data sheets. will be included as an appendix to the report. The appendices will also include tables of the qualified data. Results can also be provided as files on diskettes.

If information indicating "possible presence" of a compound is requested. it is possible to report data as below method detection limit (which would typically be below LOD as well). However. this practice is not recan.mended since data in this region are below reasonable levels of confi­ dence.

Quality control data will be coded and grouped separately to avoid confusion with results from field samples.

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General reporting practices will include:

• Report header information identifying the information for the sample batch and the analytical method used:

• Sample identification that uniquely identifies the sample analyzed:

• Consistent units of measure per method:

• Consistent significant figures per method;

• Qualification of missing data values (no blank or dashed places reported);

• Qualification of outlier values as to the probability of their existence or the cause for deviation from historical data:

• Consistent treatment of low values using limit of detection/ limit of quantitation criteria;

• Comparison with regulatory action levels if applicable;

• Qualification of uncertain data: and

• Quantification of accuracy and precision for analytical data.

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9. 0 INTBB.NAL QUALITY OONTROL CHECKS

Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) is an integral part of the sampling program for the Lockheed Beaumont sites. The quality assurance (QA) program is a system of quality control (QC) checks which enables validation of data reliability. For example, consistent adherence to sampling protocols, as identified in this plan, represents an important series of QC checks in the overall QA program. Likewise, the recovery of blank, duplicate, and split samples and the use of spikes, laboratory standards, and other control samples during analysis, all serve to help quantify sample bias, determine the limits of precision and accuracy. and validate the reliability of the data set. Specific calculations and criteria are described in previous sections. Such components of the quality assurance program will help to produce data of known quality.

Field Duplicate Samples

A field duplicate sample is a second sample collected at the same location as the original sample. This duplicate sample is analyzed for the purpose of assessing precision due to the combined effects of laboratory analysis and the sample collection process. The duplicate sample will be collected in immediate succession, using identical recovery techniques, and treated in an identical manner during storage, transportation, and analysis. Recovery and analysis of one duplicate sample for every 10 method samples recovered will be performed. The sample containers will be assigned a control number such that they cannot be identified as duplicate samples by laboratory personnel (blind duplicate).

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Field Blank/Background Samples

Field blanks/background samples (soil) are uncontaminated samples which are collected and processed using the same sampling and handling procedures as other samples. Field blanks in the water matrix are used to assess the potential introduction of contaminants to the samples during sample collection and analysis.

A minimum of one field blank in the water matrix will be collected and analyzed for every 20 method samples. The field blank will consist of distilled water which has been boiled for 10 minutes, allowed to cool, and purged with ultrapure nitrogen for 15 minutes.

Analytical/Laboratory Quality Control

Although field personnel do not implement laboratory QC procedures, it is important to understand laboratory QC protocols when reviewing analyti­ cal results. Identifying the introduction of contaminants into data sets as a result of equipment contamination and/or analytical methodologies can greatly affect the representation of the nature and extent of contamination. Labor a- tory QC is necessary to ensure the validity. and determine the accuracy and precision of analytical results. The QC checks in the laboratory protocol are specific to the analytical method of interest and generally include the use of the following control samples:

Calibration Sandards - Initial calibration is performed as required for each analytical method, usually using a range of calibration standards with the low standard not greater than 10 times the detection limit. These standards are used to determine the linear dynamic range for the initial instrument calibration.

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Control Samples - Control samples are standards containing the analytes of interest at a concentration in the mid-calibration range. These standards are independent of the calibration standard, and are used to validate the calibration curve prior to sample analysis, after every 10 samples, and after the last sample.

Reagent Blanks - A reagent blank is defined as a sample composed of all the reagents (in the same quantities) used in preparating a real sample for analysis. It is also carried through the same digestion and extraction procedure as a real sample. Reagent blanks are used to ensure that all reagents and glassware are interference-free, and provide a safeguard against chronic contamination. Reagent blank results are used in the calculation of Limits of Detection and Quantitation as described in Section 8.0.

Matrix Spikes - A matrix spike is a cocktail of known target analytes that is spiked into a field sample before extraction (if applicable) at known concentrations. The results of the analysis of the matrix spiked samples are then used to measure the percent recovery of each spiked compound and the accuracy of the method. The calculations for accuracy, as outlined in Section 8.0, and the quality control objectives for accuracy are listed in Table 3-1.

Surrogate Spikes - Surrogate spikes are a group of compounds, other than target analytes, which are not otherwise found in nature, selected for each organic analyses. A cocktail is prepared of known concentration and spiked into samples prior to extraction (if applicable). These analyses are measured to determine the percent recovery. Surrogates are performed for EPA Method 601, 602, 624, and 625 only.

Laboratory Duplicates (Duplicate Analyses) - Laboratory duplicates are repeated but independent determinations of the same sample, by the same analyst, at essentially the same time and same conditions. The sample is split in the laboratory and each fraction is carried through all stages of

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sample preparation and analysis. Duplicate analyses measures the precision of each analytical method. The method of calculation for precision is outlined in Section 8.0. and the quality control objectives for precision are listed in Table 3-1.

Duplicate. blank, and spike analyses are completed by the laboratory in order to obtain information regarding the accuracy and precision of labora­ tory equipment and to identify any contaminants which may be introduced to the sample during the analytical procedures. Laboratory duplicates are a second analytical run of the sample collected. Reagent blanks consist of an analyti­ cal run without the addition of a sample. A matrix spike is a sample run with a known concentration of certain species of interest added to the sample. Surrogate spikes assess the recovery for key species (volatile, base/neutral, and acid compounds) for f!!Very sample analysis. The percentage of the "spiked" species recovered indicates loss or gain of the species due to the analytical equipment or procedures used. One laboratory duplicate and one matrix spike are generally run for every 10 sample analyses performed and one reagent blank is typically completed for f!!Very batch of samples analyzed. Control samples are similar to spiked samples in that they are also reported in percent recovery. Distilled water is spiked with the method target analytes. The same control check standard issued by the U.S. EPA is used throughout the project. The control sample is analyzed prior to the sample analyses. All parameters of interest must meet the percent recovery criteria before actual sample analyses occurs. This ensures that the system performance is accept­ able.

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10.0 PERIORKANCE AND SYSTEMS AUDIT

Radian Analytical Services (RAS) is certified by the State of California Department of Health Services to perform hazardous waste testing and water analysis. RAS is a participant in the EPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) for organic analyses. Within this program. RAS is audited every six months for organic quality. If needed. the results of the CLP audit are available for review. Radian is also involved in the EPA Check Sample Program and is a qualifying laboratory.

Radian has recently participated in a performance evaluation as part of the EPA CLP program for volatiles. pesticides/PCBs. and base/neutral and acid extractables. The laboratory scored in the top 10% of participating laboratories. with 926 out of 1000 points.

Radian has recently been audited by the laboratory audit group of Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Company (LEMSCO) specifically for this project. The results of that audit indicated no problems which may affect data quality.

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11. 0 PR.Knlft'ATIVE MAINTENANCE

The primary objective of a preventative maintenance program is to help ensure the timely and effective completion of a measurement effort. Radian's preventative maintenance program is designed to minimize the down time of crucial sampling and/or analytical equipment due to expected or unexpected component failure. In implementing this program, efforts are focused in three primary areas:

• Establishment of maintenance responsibilities:

• Establishment of maintenance schedules for major and/or criti­ cal instrumentation and apparatus: and

• Establishment of an adequate inventory of critical spare parts and equipment.

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12.0 CX>RRBC'l'IVE ACTION

During the course of the program. it will be the responsibility of the Project Director and the sampling team members to see that all measurement and sampling procedures are followed as specified and that measurement data meet the prescribed acceptance criteria. In the event a problem is discover­ ed. prompt and predescribed action will be taken to correct the problem. Corrective action will be initiated. for instance. if QC data are found to exceed acceptability limits. Corrective action may be initiated by the QA Coordinator based upon QC data or audit results. following the flow chart shown in Figure 12-1.

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Notify Team Leader

Perform Initial Evaluation

Notify No Formulate Project Director >-~~~~~~---~ Solution

Yes Notify &A--- Project Of f icer

Reevaluate Notify Field ___N_o-< Problem Task Leader Notify Task Leader Yes Review Problem and Sol'n Record in Daily log

Implement Solution

No

Issue In-house Notify Project Officer Problem Report

Figure 12-1. Corrective action flow scheme.

12-2 RADIAN COR~ORATIO•

13.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTING

Effective management of a field sampling and analytical effort requires timely assessment and review of field activities. This will require effective interaction and feedback between the field team members, Project Directors, and the QA Coordinator.

The Task Leaders will be responsible for keeping the QA Coordinator and Project Director up to date regarding the status of their respective tasks and results of the QC activities. This will ensure that quick and effective solutions can be implemented should any data quality problems arise. The use of frequent status report provides an effective mechanism for ensuring ongoing evaluation of measurement efforts. These status reports will address some or all of the following:

• Summary of activities and general program status:

• Summary of calibration and QC data:

• Summary of unscheduled maintenance activities:

• Summary of corrective action activities;

• Status of any unresolved problems:

• Assessment and summary of data completeness; and

• Summary of any significant QA/QC problems, corrective action and recanmended and/or implemented solutions not included above.

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