DOCSLIB.ORG

Item D Number N

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Item D Number N item D Number °3516 n Author Sherma, J. Corporate Author Report/Article Title JOUrnal/BOOk Title Manual of Analytical Quality Control for Pesticides and Year 1^1 Month/Day April Color D Number of linages 468 Descrlpton Notes PBSI-222721. EPA-6oo/2-si-o59 Friday, December 07, 2001 Page 3516 of 3585 PB81-222721 MANUAL OF ANALYTICAL QUALITY CONTROL FOR PESTICIDES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS , IN HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES- - SECOND REVISION 2, J. Sherma, at al U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 1981 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Technical Information Service NTIS United States Health Effects Research EPA-600/2-81-059 Environmental Protection Laboratory April 1981 Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711 Research and Development P331-222721 Manual of Analytical Quality Control for Pesticides and Related Compounds In Human and Environmental Samples—Second Revision REPRODUCED BY NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE SPRINGFIELD, VA, 22161 EPA 600/2-^31-059 April 1981 MANUAL OF ANALYTICAL QUALITY CONTROL FOR PESTICIDES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS IN HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES A Compendium of Systematic Procedures Designed To Assist in the Prevention and Control of Analytical Problems By Qr. .Tnaonli Shoi-ma Department of Chemistry Lafayette College Easton, Pennsylvania • Revisions by: The Association of Official Analytical Chemists _P_r.Joseph Sherma DrT~Morton Beroza Contract No. 68-02-2474 Project Officer . - Editor Randall R. Watts Environmental Toxicology Division Health Effects Research Laboratory Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711 Revised: 1981 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT HEALTH EFFECTS RESEARCH LABORATORY RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N.C. 27711 NOTICE THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED FROM THE BEST COPY FURNISHED US BY THE SPONSORING AGENCY. ALTHOUGH IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT CERTAIN PORTIONS ARE ILLEGIBLE, IT IS BEING RELEASED IN THE INTEREST OF MAKING AVAILABLE AS MUCH INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE. DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Health Effects Research Laboratory,'U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation, for use. ii FOREWORD The many benefits of our modern developing, industrial society are accompanied by certain hazards. Careful assessment of the relative risk of existing and new man-made environmental hazards is necessary for the estab- lishment of sound regulatory policy. These regulations serve to enhance the quality of our environment in order to promote the public health and welfare and the productive capacity of our Nation's population. The Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, con- ducts a coordinated environmental health research program in toxicology, epidemiology, and clinical studies using human volunteer subjects. These studies address problems in air pollution, non-ionizing radiation, environ- mental carcinogenesis and the toxicology of pesticides as well as other chemical pollutants. The Laboratory participates in the development and revision of air quality criteria documents on pollutants for which national ambient air quality standards exist or are proposed, provides the data for registration of new pesticides or proposed suspension of those already in use, conducts research on hazardous and toxic materials, and is primarily responsible for providing the health basis for non-ionizing radiation standards. Direct support to the regulatory function of the Agency is pro- vided in the form of expert testimony and preparation of affidavits as well as expert advice to the Administrator to assure the adequacy of health care and surveillance of persons having suffered imminent and substantial en- dangerment of their health. This manual provides the pesticide chemist with a systematic protocol for the quality control of analytical procedures and the problems that arise in the analysis of human or environmental media. F.G, Hueter, Ph.D, Director Health Effects Research. Laboratory iii ABSTRACT This manual provides the pesticide chemist with a systematic protocol for the quality control of analytical procedures and the problems that arise in the analysis of human or environmental media. It also serves as a guide to the latest and most reliable methodology available for the analysis of pesticide residues in these and other sample matrices. The sections.dealing with inter- and intra-laboratory quality control, the evaluation and stand- ardization of materials used, and the operation of the gas chromatograph are intended to highlight and provide advice in dealing with many problems which constantly plague the pesticide analytical chemist. Many aspects of the problem areas involved in extraction and isolation techniques for pesticides in various types of samples are discussed. Techniques for confirming the presence or absence of pesticides 'in sample materials are treated at some length. This highly important area provides validation of data obtained by the more routine analytical procedures. The gas chromatograph, being the principal instrument currently used in pesticide analysis, often requires simple servicing or troubleshooting, A section addressing some of these problems is included. Last, but by no means least in importance, is a short , dissertation of the value and need for systematic training programs for 'pesticide chemists. iv TABlf OF CONTENTS Section In-Sec.tion Number ' • Section Page FOREWORD AND ABSTRACT GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE ANALYTICAL METHODS A. Sampling 1 B. Extraction Procedures 2 C. Cleanup Procedures 3 D. Final Determination Methods 5 E. Confirmatory Techniques . 9 F. Automation and Computer Processing 10 6. References 10 INTERLABORATORY QUALITY ASSURANCE A. Quality Assurance Program of the EPA Environ- 14 mental Toxicology Division B. Program Objectives 15 C. Program Activities IS D. Types and Preparation of Sample Media 16 E. Reporting Forms 17 F. Evaluation of Reported Data 18 6. Summary of Results Tables and Results of Check 21 Sample Analyses H. Relative Performance Ranking 37 I. Private Critiques 50 J. Progression of Performance 59 K. Statistical Terms and Calculations 53 L. References 59 M. Additional Sources of Information on 59 Pesticide Quality Assurance Programs INTRALABORATORY QUALITY CONTROL A. Purpose and Objectives 61 B. Purpose and Objectives of SPRM's 61 C. Nature of SPRM's 62 D. Frequency of SPRM Analysis 63 E. Record Keeping 64 F. Quality Control Charts 69 G. Benefits of the In-House SPRM Program 73 H. Analytical Balances 74 I. Purity of Solvents 75 J. Distillation of Solvents 79 K. Contamination from Reagents and Materials 79 L. GC Retention Data for Common Interferences 82 Section In-Section Number Section Page, 3 M. Cleaning of Glassware .. 84 N. Housekeeping 84, 0. Analytical Pesticide Reference Standards 85 P. Calibration and Maintenance of the Gas 101 Chromatograph and Accessories Q. Adherence to Official or Standardized Methodology 103 R. Implications of an Intralaboratory Quality 104 Control Program S. References 105 EVALUATION, FTANDARDIZATION, AND USE OF MATERIALS FOR PESTICIDE RESIDUE ANALYSIS 4 A. Adsorbents 107 B. Introduction and Column Technology 113 C. Column...Efficiency and Peak Resolution 115 D. Sensitivity and Retention • 118 E. Column Stability 119 , ...... F. Resistance to On-Column Compound Decomposition 119 G. Homemade vs. Precoated Packings 124 H. Packing the Column 126 1. Column Conditioning 128 J. Support Bonded Carbowax 20M Columns 131 K. Evaluation of the Column 132 L. Maintenance and Use of GC Columns 133 M. Capillary GC Columns 136 N. References 138 5 ••' INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCEDURES FOH GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY A. Temperature Selection and Control 140 B. Selection and Control of Carrier Gas Flow Rate 143 C. Electron Capture Detector 147 D. Microcoulometric Detector 158 E. Thermionic Detectors 159 F. Flame Photometric Detector (FPD) 164 G. Electrolytic Conductivity Detector 171 H. Other Detectors and Detector Combinations 178 I. Electrometer and Recorder 180 J. Sample Injection and the- Injection Port 181 K. Erratic Baselines 186 L. Recommended GC Columns for Pesticide Analysis 187 M. Sensitivity of the GC System 196 N. Qualitative Analysis 197 0. Quantitative Analysis 200 P. References 215 vi Section In-Section Number Section Page 6 MAINTENANCE, TROUBLESHOOTING, AND CALIBRATION OF THE GAS CHROMATOGRAPH AND DETECTOR SYSTEMS A. Daily Operational Considerations for Gas 220 Chromatographic Instrumentation B. Check List When Instrument1 Repair is Indicated 221 C. General Approach to Troubleshooting 222 D. Gas Chromatograph Service Block Diagram 225 E. Gas Inlet System of the Gas Chromatograph 226 F. Procedure for Isolating Problems in Flow Systems 228 of Electron Capture Equipped Gas Chromatographs G. General Information - Flow System 232 H. Temperature Control and Indication in the Gas 233 Chromatograph I. Detector and Electrometer . 234 J. Observation of Problems on Chromatograms 236 K. Detector Background Signal (BGS) Response 237 L. Troubleshooting Coulson Electrolytic 238 Conductivity System M. Troubleshooting the Flame Photometric Detector 241 (FPD) N. Epilog 243 7 OTHER CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATIVE TECHNIQUES HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC) AND THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY A. Introduction to HPLC 244 B. Theory and Principles
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Secondary Organic Aerosol from Chlorine-Initiated Oxidation of Isoprene Dongyu S
    Secondary organic aerosol from chlorine-initiated oxidation of isoprene Dongyu S. Wang and Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78756, USA 5 Correspondence to: Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz ([email protected]) Abstract. Recent studies have found concentrations of reactive chlorine species to be higher than expected, suggesting that atmospheric chlorine chemistry is more extensive than previously thought. Chlorine radicals can interact with HOx radicals and nitrogen oxides (NOx) to alter the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. They are known to rapidly oxidize a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOC) found in the atmosphere, yet little is known about secondary organic aerosol (SOA) 10 formation from chlorine-initiated photo-oxidation and its atmospheric implications. Environmental chamber experiments were carried out under low-NOx conditions with isoprene and chlorine as primary VOC and oxidant sources. Upon complete isoprene consumption, observed SOA yields ranged from 8 to 36 %, decreasing with extended photo-oxidation and SOA aging. Formation of particulate organochloride was observed. A High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer was used to determine the molecular composition of gas-phase species using iodide-water and hydronium-water 15 cluster ionization. Multi-generational chemistry was observed, including ions consistent with hydroperoxides, chloroalkyl hydroperoxides, isoprene-derived epoxydiol (IEPOX) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), evident of secondary OH production and resulting chemistry from Cl-initiated reactions. This is the first reported study of SOA formation from chlorine-initiated oxidation of isoprene. Results suggest that tropospheric chlorine chemistry could contribute significantly to organic aerosol loading.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Effects Support Document for Hexachlorobutadiene Health Effects Support Document for Hexachlorobutadiene
    Health Effects Support Document for Hexachlorobutadiene Health Effects Support Document for Hexachlorobutadiene U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water (4304T) Health and Ecological Criteria Division Washington, DC 20460 www.epa.gov/safewater/ EPA 822-R-03-002 February 2003 Printed on Recycled Paper FOREWORD The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), as amended in 1996, requires the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish a list of contaminants to aid the agency in regulatory priority setting for the drinking water program. In addition, SDWA requires EPA to make regulatory determinations for no fewer than five contaminants by August 2001. The criteria used to determine whether or not to regulate a chemical on the CCL are the following: The contaminant may have an adverse effect on the health of persons. The contaminant is known to occur or there is a substantial likelihood that the contaminant will occur in public water systems with a frequency and at levels of public health concern. In the sole judgment of the administrator, regulation of such contaminant presents a meaningful opportunity for health risk reduction for persons served by public water systems. The Agency’s findings for the three criteria are used in making a determination to regulate a contaminant. The Agency may determine that there is no need for regulation when a contaminant fails to meet one of the criteria. This document provides the health effects basis for the regulatory determination for hexachlorobutadiene. In arriving at the regulatory determination, data on toxicokinetics, human exposure, acute and chronic toxicity to animals and humans, epidemiology, and mechanisms of toxicity were evaluated.
    [Show full text]
  • Removal of AOX in Activated Sludge of Industrial Chemical Dyestuff with Bimetallic Pd/Fe Particles
    water Article Removal of AOX in Activated Sludge of Industrial Chemical Dyestuff with Bimetallic Pd/Fe Particles Cancan Xu 1, Rui Liu 1, Wei Zheng 1,*, Lichu Lin 1 and Lvjun Chen 1,2 1 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology, Department of Environment in Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China; [email protected] (C.X.); [email protected] (R.L.); sifl[email protected] (L.L.); [email protected] (L.C.) 2 School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-0573-8258-1603 Abstract: Pd/Fe bimetallic particles were synthesized by chemical deposition and used to remove absorbable organic halogens (AOX) in the activated sludge of a chemical dyestuff wastewater treatment plant. Bath experiments demonstrated that the Pd/Fe bimetallic particles could effectively remove AOX. It indicated several factors, such as Pd loading, the amount of Pd/Fe used, initial activated sludge pH, and reaction time, which could affect the removal effect. The results showed that increasing the Pd content in Pd/Fe particles, from 0.01 to 0.05 wt %, significantly increased the removal efficiency of AOX in activated sludge. The Pd/Fe particles had a much higher removal efficiency of AOX in the activated sludge than bare Fe particles. A slightly acidic condition with a Pd content of 0.05% and 10 g/L of Pd/Fe was beneficial to the process of removing AOX in activated sludge. In detail, the removal efficiency of AOX in the activated sludge could reach 50.7% after 15 days of reaction with 10 g/L of Pd/Fe (Pd loading 0.05 wt %) and at an initial pH of 6.0 during the experiments.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Individual and Mixtures of Mycotoxins and Persistent
    Food and Chemical Toxicology 130 (2019) 68–78 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food and Chemical Toxicology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchemtox The effect of individual and mixtures of mycotoxins and persistent organochloride pesticides on oestrogen receptor transcriptional activation T using in vitro reporter gene assays ∗ Ukpai A. Ezea,b,1, John Huntrissc, Michael N. Routledged, Yun Yun Gonga,e, , Lisa Connollyf a School of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Science Building, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK b Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, P. M. B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria c Division of Reproduction and Early Development, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK d Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK e Department of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100021, PR China f Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5AF, UK ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The mycotoxins zearalenone (ZEN) and alpha-zearalenone (α-ZOL), which are common contaminants of agri- Mycotoxins food products, are known for their oestrogenic potential. In addition to mycotoxins, food may also contain Chemical mixtures pesticides with oestrogenic properties such as 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (p,p'-DDT) and 1,1- Food-borne chemical contaminants dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE), raising the question on the potential effects of individual Reporter gene assay and combinations of these xeno-oestrogens on the action of natural oestrogens.
    [Show full text]
  • Safe Thermal Decomposition of Organochloride Pesticides by Submerged Oxidation in Molten Salts LAINETTI, P
    Safe Thermal Decomposition of Organochloride Pesticides by Submerged Oxidation in Molten Salts LAINETTI, P. E. O. A a. Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This study was motivated by the current interest in the world in the development of advanced processes for waste decomposition, category in which the process described herein is inserted. This interest stems from the need for safer processes for the decomposition of some wastes, particularly those deemed hazardous or present significant impact on the environment. The technology developed fits into this principle and it is applicable for intrinsically safe disposal of hazardous organic wastes, particularly the organochloride, whose degradation has presented problems when using the most common methods, such as incineration. Pesticides banned, obsolete or discarded constitute a serious environmental risk around the world, especially in developing countries. The HCHS, or Hexachlorcyclohexanes also called BHC or Lindane, are organochloride insecticides that have been banned in most countries in the 70s and 80s. It is one of the compounds that constitute the group of so-called POPs, or persistent organic pollutants that are regulated internationally by the Basel Convention. Among the major POPs could be cited pesticides, dioxins and PCBs that represent, according to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization - UNIDO, one of the most serious and urgent problems to be faced, because on the one hand,
    [Show full text]
  • Organochloride Pesticides Present in Animal Fur, Soil, and Streambed in an Agricultural Region of Southeastern Arkansas Matthew E
    Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 72 Article 19 2018 Organochloride Pesticides Present in Animal Fur, Soil, and Streambed in an Agricultural Region of Southeastern Arkansas Matthew E. Grilliot Auburn University--Montgomery, [email protected] John L. Hunt University of Arkansas at Monticello, [email protected] Christopher G. Sims University of Arkansas at Monticello, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Environmental Health Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Grilliot, Matthew E.; Hunt, John L.; and Sims, Christopher G. (2018) "Organochloride Pesticides Present in Animal Fur, Soil, and Streambed in an Agricultural Region of Southeastern Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 72 , Article 19. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol72/iss1/19 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 72 [], Art. 19 Organochloride Pesticides Present in Animal Fur, Soil, and Streambed in an Agricultural Region of Southeastern Arkansas M.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Prohibited Chemicals
    PROHIBITED CHEMICALS CHEMICAL TRADE NAME NOTES Atrazine Atrazine Toxicity group III Gesaprim Atraflo Bladex Terbutal Parathion Folidol An organophosphate. Extremely toxic, Toxic group I. Banned in 17 Diethyl (p –nitropheny) phosphothioate Parafos countries, restricted use status in RSA. Agrithion PCP Woodprufe An organochloride Pentachlorophenol Timerlife Pentachlorophenyl Borcide Timbertret Anti-stain Chlordane Termidan An organochlorine insecticide. Moderately, toxic, toxic group I Octahoro-a hexahydror-methiodene Chlorsdasol Banned in 25 countries, restricted status in RSA Aldicard Termik A N-Methyl Carbonate insecticide. Extremely toxic, Toxic group I Methyl-(methylthio)-propinaldehyne Methylcarbonmoy oxine EDB Edabrom A halocarbon pesticide. Toxic group II. Dibromoethane Gerbex Banned in 14 countries. Restricted status in RSA. Aquamix Bacfume Dieldrin Aldrin An organochlorine insecticide. Highly toxic, Toxic group I. Hexachloro-hexahydro-dimethanonaphthalene HHDN Banned in 34 countries. Restricted status in RSA. Plus derivities Aldrin and Endrin Shelldrite DDT Dichloro-diphenyl trichloro-ethane plus derivities DDE and DDD Difethialone Rattex Brodifacoum Finale Difenacoum Tornadel Flocoumafen Tornadel Chlorofluoro-carbon Total phase-out by 1996. Manreal protocol 1987, amended CFC-11 , CFC-12 , CFC-113 , CFC-114 , CFC- Copenhagen 1992. 115 Halon gas Total phase-out by 1996. Manreal protocol 1987, amended Halon -1211 , Halon1301 , Halon -2402 Copenhagen 1992. Carbon – tetrachloride CC14 Total phase-out by 1996. Manreal protocol 1987,
    [Show full text]
  • Contaminated Sites and Health
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−ZKLFKLQFOXGHGUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVRIHQYLURQPHQWDO $QGRUUD $UPHQLD DQGSXEOLFKHDOWKDJHQFLHV DWWKHQDWLRQDODQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOOHYHOV DQG $XVWULD UHVHDUFK H[SHUWV −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
    [Show full text]
  • MICROFLUIDIC CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS SYSTEM for ORGANOCHLORIDE DETECTION and SPECIATION Erik C
    MICROFLUIDIC CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS SYSTEM FOR ORGANOCHLORIDE DETECTION AND SPECIATION Erik C. Jensen,1 Joohyung Lee,2 Homayun Mehrabani,1 Hong Jiao,1 and Jungkyu Kim2* 1HJ Science & Technology, USA 2Texas Tech University, USA ABSTRACT We present a novel labeling technique for detection and speciation of organochloride compounds using microcapillary zone electrophoresis coupled with laser induced fluorescence detection. Organochloride compounds in an aqueous mixture are conjugated with glutathione using 1,5 Diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene as a catalyst. The conjugated species are then labeled with Pacific Blue succinimidyl ester and analyzed using a commercially available microcapillary electrophoresis chip. This approach was used to separate and identify trichloroethylene and dichloromethane in an aqueous mixture. In addition, we present a method for programmable, automated sample processing of commercially available CE microchips using Lifting Gate microvalve technology. KEYWORDS: Microvalve, Trichloroethylene, Dichloromethane, Capillary Electrophoresis. INTRODUCTION Due to their extensive use as industrial solvents and metal degreasers, chlorinated organic solvents, such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and dichloromethane (DCM), have become persistent contaminants in certain groundwater environments. Currently, the most common methods for detection and analysis of chlorinated organic compound are gas chromatography (GC) coupled to a mass spectrometer (MS), electron capture detector (ECD), Hall’s electrolytic conductivity detector (HECD),
    [Show full text]
  • Unseen Poisons in Asia
    UNSEEN POISONS IN ASIA A review of persistent organic pollutant levels in South and Southeast Asia and Oceania UNSEEN POISONS IN ASIA A review of persistent organic pollutant levels in South and Southeast Asia and Oceania Authors: Michelle Allsopp Paul Johnston Greenpeace Research Laboratories Department of Biological Sciences University of Exeter Prince of Wales Road Exeter EX4 4PS UK www.greenpeace.org ISBN: 90-73361-64-8 This report is printed on 100% recycled processed chlorine-free paper M a r c h 2 0 0 0 UNSEEN POISONS IN ASIA CONTENTS Summary 2 1. INTRODUCTION 9 1.1 The Chemicals of Concern 10 2. GLOBAL POLLUTION AND TRANSPORT OF POPS 13 2.1 Fate of POPs in Tropical Ecosystems 14 2.2 Time Trends of POPs Levels in the Global Environment 15 3. POPS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND OCEANIA 17 3.1 POPs in the Marine Environment 17 3.1.1 Air and Seawater 17 3.1.2 Marine Mammals 23 3.1.3 Marine Fish 27 3.2 POPs in the Terrestrial Environment 34 3.2.1 Soil 34 3.2.2 Air 37 3.2.3 Surface Waters 39 3.2.4 River and Estuarine Sediments 46 3.2.5 Humans 48 References 53 1 SUMMARY Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a group of chemicals which are very resistant to natural breakdown processes and are therefore extremely stable and long-lived. POPs are not only persistent in the environment but many are also highly toxic and build up (bioaccumulate) in the tissues of animals and humans. Most do not occur in nature but are synthetic chemicals released as a result of anthropogenic activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Reviewed Degradation of Organochloride Pesticides
    2013 International Nuclear Atlantic Conference - INAC 2013 Recife, PE, Brazil, November 24-29, 2013 ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE ENERGIA NUCLEAR - ABEN ISBN: 978-85-99141-05-2 DEGRADATION OF ORGANOCHLORIDE PESTICIDES BY MOLTEN SALT OXIDATION AT IPEN: SPIN-OFF NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES Paulo E. O. Lainetti 1 1 Instituto de Pesquisas Energ éticas e Nucleares (IPEN / CNEN - SP) Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 2242 05508-000 S ão Paulo, SP [email protected] ABSTRACT Nuclear spin-off has at least two dimensions. It may provide benefits to the society such as enlarge knowledge base, strengthen infrastructure and benefit technology development. Besides this, to emphasize that some useful technologies elapsed from nuclear activities can affect favorably the public opinion about nuclear energy. In this paper is described a technology developed initially by the Rockwell Int. company in the USA more than thirty years ago to solve some problems of nuclear fuel cycle wastes. For different reasons the technology was not employed. In the last years the interest in the technology was renewed and IPEN has developed his version of the method applicable mainly to the safe degradation of hazardous wastes. This study was motivated by the world interest in the development of advanced processes of waste decomposition, due to the need of safer decomposition processes, particularly for the POPs - persistent organic pollutants and particularly for the organ chlorides. A tendency observed at several countries is the adoption of progressively more demanding legislation for the atmospheric emissions, resultants of the waste decomposition processes. The suitable final disposal of hazardous organic wastes such as PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), pesticides, herbicides and hospital residues constitutes a serious problem.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Data Sheet Acc
    Page 1/15 Safety Data Sheet acc. to OSHA HCS Printing date 10/17/2018 Version Number 2 Reviewed on 10/17/2018 1 Identification · Product identifier · Trade name: Organochloride Pesticide Standard · Part number: US-102BN-1 · Application of the substance / the mixture Reagents and Standards for Analytical Chemical Laboratory Use · Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet · Manufacturer/Supplier: Agilent Technologies, Inc. 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd. Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA · Information department: Telephone: 800-227-9770 e-mail: [email protected] · Emergency telephone number: CHEMTREC®: 1-800-424-9300 2 Hazard(s) identification · Classification of the substance or mixture GHS02 Flame Flam. Liq. 2 H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapor. GHS08 Health hazard Carc. 1A H350 May cause cancer. Repr. 2 H361-H362 Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child. May cause harm to breast-fed children. STOT RE 2 H373 May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. Asp. Tox. 1 H304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. GHS07 Acute Tox. 4 H302 Harmful if swallowed. Acute Tox. 4 H312 Harmful in contact with skin. Skin Irrit. 2 H315 Causes skin irritation. STOT SE 3 H336 May cause drowsiness or dizziness. · Label elements · GHS label elements The product is classified and labeled according to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS). · Hazard pictograms GHS02 GHS07 GHS08 (Contd. on page 2) US 48.0 Page 2/15 Safety Data Sheet acc. to OSHA HCS Printing date 10/17/2018 Version Number 2 Reviewed on 10/17/2018 Trade name: Organochloride Pesticide Standard (Contd.
    [Show full text]