Secondary Organic Aerosol from Chlorine-Initiated Oxidation of Isoprene Dongyu S
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Use of Chlorofluorocarbons in Hydrology : a Guidebook
USE OF CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS IN HYDROLOGY A Guidebook USE OF CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS IN HYDROLOGY A GUIDEBOOK 2005 Edition The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GREECE PANAMA ALBANIA GUATEMALA PARAGUAY ALGERIA HAITI PERU ANGOLA HOLY SEE PHILIPPINES ARGENTINA HONDURAS POLAND ARMENIA HUNGARY PORTUGAL AUSTRALIA ICELAND QATAR AUSTRIA INDIA REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA AZERBAIJAN INDONESIA ROMANIA BANGLADESH IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION BELARUS IRAQ SAUDI ARABIA BELGIUM IRELAND SENEGAL BENIN ISRAEL SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO BOLIVIA ITALY SEYCHELLES BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JAMAICA SIERRA LEONE BOTSWANA JAPAN BRAZIL JORDAN SINGAPORE BULGARIA KAZAKHSTAN SLOVAKIA BURKINA FASO KENYA SLOVENIA CAMEROON KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA CANADA KUWAIT SPAIN CENTRAL AFRICAN KYRGYZSTAN SRI LANKA REPUBLIC LATVIA SUDAN CHAD LEBANON SWEDEN CHILE LIBERIA SWITZERLAND CHINA LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COLOMBIA LIECHTENSTEIN TAJIKISTAN COSTA RICA LITHUANIA THAILAND CÔTE D’IVOIRE LUXEMBOURG THE FORMER YUGOSLAV CROATIA MADAGASCAR REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA CUBA MALAYSIA TUNISIA CYPRUS MALI TURKEY CZECH REPUBLIC MALTA UGANDA DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MARSHALL ISLANDS UKRAINE OF THE CONGO MAURITANIA UNITED ARAB EMIRATES DENMARK MAURITIUS UNITED KINGDOM OF DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MEXICO GREAT BRITAIN AND ECUADOR MONACO NORTHERN IRELAND EGYPT MONGOLIA UNITED REPUBLIC EL SALVADOR MOROCCO ERITREA MYANMAR OF TANZANIA ESTONIA NAMIBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ETHIOPIA NETHERLANDS URUGUAY FINLAND NEW ZEALAND UZBEKISTAN FRANCE NICARAGUA VENEZUELA GABON NIGER VIETNAM GEORGIA NIGERIA YEMEN GERMANY NORWAY ZAMBIA GHANA PAKISTAN ZIMBABWE The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. -
Health Effects Support Document for Hexachlorobutadiene Health Effects Support Document for Hexachlorobutadiene
Health Effects Support Document for Hexachlorobutadiene Health Effects Support Document for Hexachlorobutadiene U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water (4304T) Health and Ecological Criteria Division Washington, DC 20460 www.epa.gov/safewater/ EPA 822-R-03-002 February 2003 Printed on Recycled Paper FOREWORD The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), as amended in 1996, requires the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish a list of contaminants to aid the agency in regulatory priority setting for the drinking water program. In addition, SDWA requires EPA to make regulatory determinations for no fewer than five contaminants by August 2001. The criteria used to determine whether or not to regulate a chemical on the CCL are the following: The contaminant may have an adverse effect on the health of persons. The contaminant is known to occur or there is a substantial likelihood that the contaminant will occur in public water systems with a frequency and at levels of public health concern. In the sole judgment of the administrator, regulation of such contaminant presents a meaningful opportunity for health risk reduction for persons served by public water systems. The Agency’s findings for the three criteria are used in making a determination to regulate a contaminant. The Agency may determine that there is no need for regulation when a contaminant fails to meet one of the criteria. This document provides the health effects basis for the regulatory determination for hexachlorobutadiene. In arriving at the regulatory determination, data on toxicokinetics, human exposure, acute and chronic toxicity to animals and humans, epidemiology, and mechanisms of toxicity were evaluated. -
CHAPTER12 Atmospheric Degradation of Halocarbon Substitutes
CHAPTER12 AtmosphericDegradation of Halocarbon Substitutes Lead Author: R.A. Cox Co-authors: R. Atkinson G.K. Moortgat A.R. Ravishankara H.W. Sidebottom Contributors: G.D. Hayman C. Howard M. Kanakidou S .A. Penkett J. Rodriguez S. Solomon 0. Wild CHAPTER 12 ATMOSPHERIC DEGRADATION OF HALOCARBON SUBSTITUTES Contents SCIENTIFIC SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................... 12.1 12.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................... 12.3 12.2 ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIMES OF HFCS AND HCFCS ................................................................................. 12.3 12.2. 1 Tropospheric Loss Processes .............................................................................................................. 12.3 12.2.2 Stratospheric Loss Processes .............................................................................................................. 12.4 12.3 ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIMES OF OTHER CFC AND HALON SUBSTITUTES ......................................... 12.4 12.4 ATMOSPHERIC DEGRADATION OF SUBSTITUTES ................................................................................ 12.5 12.5 GAS PHASE DEGRADATION CHEMISTRY OF SUBSTITUTES .............................................................. 12.6 12.5.1 Reaction with NO .............................................................................................................................. -
Removal of AOX in Activated Sludge of Industrial Chemical Dyestuff with Bimetallic Pd/Fe Particles
water Article Removal of AOX in Activated Sludge of Industrial Chemical Dyestuff with Bimetallic Pd/Fe Particles Cancan Xu 1, Rui Liu 1, Wei Zheng 1,*, Lichu Lin 1 and Lvjun Chen 1,2 1 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology, Department of Environment in Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China; [email protected] (C.X.); [email protected] (R.L.); sifl[email protected] (L.L.); [email protected] (L.C.) 2 School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-0573-8258-1603 Abstract: Pd/Fe bimetallic particles were synthesized by chemical deposition and used to remove absorbable organic halogens (AOX) in the activated sludge of a chemical dyestuff wastewater treatment plant. Bath experiments demonstrated that the Pd/Fe bimetallic particles could effectively remove AOX. It indicated several factors, such as Pd loading, the amount of Pd/Fe used, initial activated sludge pH, and reaction time, which could affect the removal effect. The results showed that increasing the Pd content in Pd/Fe particles, from 0.01 to 0.05 wt %, significantly increased the removal efficiency of AOX in activated sludge. The Pd/Fe particles had a much higher removal efficiency of AOX in the activated sludge than bare Fe particles. A slightly acidic condition with a Pd content of 0.05% and 10 g/L of Pd/Fe was beneficial to the process of removing AOX in activated sludge. In detail, the removal efficiency of AOX in the activated sludge could reach 50.7% after 15 days of reaction with 10 g/L of Pd/Fe (Pd loading 0.05 wt %) and at an initial pH of 6.0 during the experiments. -
The Effect of Individual and Mixtures of Mycotoxins and Persistent
Food and Chemical Toxicology 130 (2019) 68–78 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food and Chemical Toxicology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchemtox The effect of individual and mixtures of mycotoxins and persistent organochloride pesticides on oestrogen receptor transcriptional activation T using in vitro reporter gene assays ∗ Ukpai A. Ezea,b,1, John Huntrissc, Michael N. Routledged, Yun Yun Gonga,e, , Lisa Connollyf a School of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Science Building, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK b Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, P. M. B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria c Division of Reproduction and Early Development, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK d Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK e Department of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100021, PR China f Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5AF, UK ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The mycotoxins zearalenone (ZEN) and alpha-zearalenone (α-ZOL), which are common contaminants of agri- Mycotoxins food products, are known for their oestrogenic potential. In addition to mycotoxins, food may also contain Chemical mixtures pesticides with oestrogenic properties such as 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (p,p'-DDT) and 1,1- Food-borne chemical contaminants dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE), raising the question on the potential effects of individual Reporter gene assay and combinations of these xeno-oestrogens on the action of natural oestrogens. -
Verification Program Manual and Mexico
SHARE: Join Our Email List CLIMATE ACTION NEWS December 2020 A note from our President Greetings, The climate community is hopeful and excited for a new era of climate policy, action, and diplomacy. The incoming Administration has already indicated a serious commitment to addressing the climate crisis, with key appointments and statements portending well for the future of U.S. climate action on the federal level. We are excited for the U.S. to not only rejoin the Paris Agreement, but to provide the example, the innovation, and the thought-leadership to achieve GHG reductions at the scale and urgency required. The Reserve is working to support and inform international efforts to scale up, mobilize, and strengthen the effectiveness of voluntary carbon markets across the globe. Even though COP has been postponed this year, experts around the world continue to discuss and deliberate critical issues to help craft key underlying decisions on how markets should function, how to apply usage of carbon offsets, and how to ensure the environmental integrity and financial value of offset projects and credits. In addition to participating in international discussions, the Reserve is working to expand our work in Mexico. We are updating the Mexico Ozone Depleting Substances Protocol to add several halocarbons, which are refrigerants with high global warming potentials. We are also continuing to work with communities and organizations across Mexico with outreach and education on implementing forest carbon projects, as well as drafting agricultural offset protocols for consideration by the Mexican Government. Thank you again for your climate action and leadership throughout the year. -
Safe Thermal Decomposition of Organochloride Pesticides by Submerged Oxidation in Molten Salts LAINETTI, P
Safe Thermal Decomposition of Organochloride Pesticides by Submerged Oxidation in Molten Salts LAINETTI, P. E. O. A a. Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This study was motivated by the current interest in the world in the development of advanced processes for waste decomposition, category in which the process described herein is inserted. This interest stems from the need for safer processes for the decomposition of some wastes, particularly those deemed hazardous or present significant impact on the environment. The technology developed fits into this principle and it is applicable for intrinsically safe disposal of hazardous organic wastes, particularly the organochloride, whose degradation has presented problems when using the most common methods, such as incineration. Pesticides banned, obsolete or discarded constitute a serious environmental risk around the world, especially in developing countries. The HCHS, or Hexachlorcyclohexanes also called BHC or Lindane, are organochloride insecticides that have been banned in most countries in the 70s and 80s. It is one of the compounds that constitute the group of so-called POPs, or persistent organic pollutants that are regulated internationally by the Basel Convention. Among the major POPs could be cited pesticides, dioxins and PCBs that represent, according to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization - UNIDO, one of the most serious and urgent problems to be faced, because on the one hand, -
Research on Ocean Acidification at the University of Malaya
ADVANCINGResearch SUSTAINABLE on DEVELOPMENTOcean A INcidification LMEs DURING CLIMATE at theCHANGE University of Malaya Emienour Muzalina Mustafa, Choon-Weng Lee & Siew-Moi Phang Institute of Ocean & Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia OCEANS IN A CHANGING CLIMATE OCEAN ↑ CO 2 ACIDIFICATION HUMAN IMPACTS: OCEAN MARINE POLLUTION WARMING BIOTA EUTROPHICATION OVERFISHING OCEAN DE- OXYGENATION Fig. 5. The palaeohistorical record of ocean pH demonstrates that present levels are unseen in the last 20 million years (Turley et al., 2006). Fig. 1. Projected regional changes in ocean chemistry likely to be experienced by particularly vulnerable ecosystems and compared to global-scale surface ocean changes. Global ocean surface averages (bottom) are shown, from left to right: CO2 partial pressure, pH(SWS) and calcite and aragonite saturation. Editorial, Marine Pollution Bulletin 60(2010): 787-792 Fig. 2. Photos of representatives of calcifying groups thought to be vulnerable to ocean acidification from top left to bottom right: pteropod (Jeremy Young, NHM), benthic foraminifer (James Rae, UBristol), coccolithophore (Jeremy Young, NHM), blue mussel (Frédéric Gazeau, Villefranche), sea urchin (Helen Findlay, PML), brittlestar (Sam Dupont, UGothenburg), tropical coral (Malcolm Shick, UMaine), coralline algae (Armin Form, IFM-GEOMAR), cold water coral (Karen Hissmann, IFM-GEOMAR). COMMERCIAL SPECIES IN ASIA THAT MAY BE IMPACTED BY OCEAN ACIDIFICATION Climate change and the oceans – What does the future hold? Jelle Bijma a,⇑, Hans-O. Pörtner a, Chris Yesson b, Alex D. Rogers Marine Pollution Bulletin 74 (2013) 495–505 Atmospheric pCO2 levels (ppmv CO2) that would be required to cause pH changes in Change in diversity as a function of ocean surface waters pH reduction for organisms living near the Ischia CO2 vents. -
Organochloride Pesticides Present in Animal Fur, Soil, and Streambed in an Agricultural Region of Southeastern Arkansas Matthew E
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 72 Article 19 2018 Organochloride Pesticides Present in Animal Fur, Soil, and Streambed in an Agricultural Region of Southeastern Arkansas Matthew E. Grilliot Auburn University--Montgomery, [email protected] John L. Hunt University of Arkansas at Monticello, [email protected] Christopher G. Sims University of Arkansas at Monticello, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Environmental Health Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Grilliot, Matthew E.; Hunt, John L.; and Sims, Christopher G. (2018) "Organochloride Pesticides Present in Animal Fur, Soil, and Streambed in an Agricultural Region of Southeastern Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 72 , Article 19. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol72/iss1/19 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 72 [], Art. 19 Organochloride Pesticides Present in Animal Fur, Soil, and Streambed in an Agricultural Region of Southeastern Arkansas M.E. -
The Need for Fast Near-Term Climate Mitigation to Slow Feedbacks and Tipping Points
The Need for Fast Near-Term Climate Mitigation to Slow Feedbacks and Tipping Points Critical Role of Short-lived Super Climate Pollutants in the Climate Emergency Background Note DRAFT: 27 September 2021 Institute for Governance Center for Human Rights and & Sustainable Development (IGSD) Environment (CHRE/CEDHA) Lead authors Durwood Zaelke, Romina Picolotti, Kristin Campbell, & Gabrielle Dreyfus Contributing authors Trina Thorbjornsen, Laura Bloomer, Blake Hite, Kiran Ghosh, & Daniel Taillant Acknowledgements We thank readers for comments that have allowed us to continue to update and improve this note. About the Institute for Governance & About the Center for Human Rights and Sustainable Development (IGSD) Environment (CHRE/CEDHA) IGSD’s mission is to promote just and Originally founded in 1999 in Argentina, the sustainable societies and to protect the Center for Human Rights and Environment environment by advancing the understanding, (CHRE or CEDHA by its Spanish acronym) development, and implementation of effective aims to build a more harmonious relationship and accountable systems of governance for between the environment and people. Its work sustainable development. centers on promoting greater access to justice and to guarantee human rights for victims of As part of its work, IGSD is pursuing “fast- environmental degradation, or due to the non- action” climate mitigation strategies that will sustainable management of natural resources, result in significant reductions of climate and to prevent future violations. To this end, emissions to limit temperature increase and other CHRE fosters the creation of public policy that climate impacts in the near-term. The focus is on promotes inclusive socially and environmentally strategies to reduce non-CO2 climate pollutants, sustainable development, through community protect sinks, and enhance urban albedo with participation, public interest litigation, smart surfaces, as a complement to cuts in CO2. -
Prohibited Chemicals
PROHIBITED CHEMICALS CHEMICAL TRADE NAME NOTES Atrazine Atrazine Toxicity group III Gesaprim Atraflo Bladex Terbutal Parathion Folidol An organophosphate. Extremely toxic, Toxic group I. Banned in 17 Diethyl (p –nitropheny) phosphothioate Parafos countries, restricted use status in RSA. Agrithion PCP Woodprufe An organochloride Pentachlorophenol Timerlife Pentachlorophenyl Borcide Timbertret Anti-stain Chlordane Termidan An organochlorine insecticide. Moderately, toxic, toxic group I Octahoro-a hexahydror-methiodene Chlorsdasol Banned in 25 countries, restricted status in RSA Aldicard Termik A N-Methyl Carbonate insecticide. Extremely toxic, Toxic group I Methyl-(methylthio)-propinaldehyne Methylcarbonmoy oxine EDB Edabrom A halocarbon pesticide. Toxic group II. Dibromoethane Gerbex Banned in 14 countries. Restricted status in RSA. Aquamix Bacfume Dieldrin Aldrin An organochlorine insecticide. Highly toxic, Toxic group I. Hexachloro-hexahydro-dimethanonaphthalene HHDN Banned in 34 countries. Restricted status in RSA. Plus derivities Aldrin and Endrin Shelldrite DDT Dichloro-diphenyl trichloro-ethane plus derivities DDE and DDD Difethialone Rattex Brodifacoum Finale Difenacoum Tornadel Flocoumafen Tornadel Chlorofluoro-carbon Total phase-out by 1996. Manreal protocol 1987, amended CFC-11 , CFC-12 , CFC-113 , CFC-114 , CFC- Copenhagen 1992. 115 Halon gas Total phase-out by 1996. Manreal protocol 1987, amended Halon -1211 , Halon1301 , Halon -2402 Copenhagen 1992. Carbon – tetrachloride CC14 Total phase-out by 1996. Manreal protocol 1987, -
Contaminated Sites and Health
7KH:+25HJLRQDO2IILFHIRU(XURSH 7KH:RUOG+HDOWK2UJDQL]DWLRQ :+2 LVD ,Q(XURSHHDUOLHULQGXVWULDOL]DWLRQDQGSRRUHQYLURQPHQWDOPDQDJHPHQW VSHFLDOL]HGDJHQF\RIWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQVFUHDWHG LQZLWKWKHSULPDU\UHVSRQVLELOLW\IRU SUDFWLFHVKDYHOHIWDOHJDF\RIWKRXVDQGVRIFRQWDPLQDWHGVLWHV3DVW LQWHUQDWLRQDOKHDOWKPDWWHUVDQGSXEOLFKHDOWK DQG FXUUHQW DFWLYLWLHV FDQ FDXVH ORFDO DQG GLIIXVH DFFXPXODWLRQ RI 7KH:+25HJLRQDO2IILFHIRU(XURSHLVRQHRI VL[UHJLRQDORIILFHVWKURXJKRXWWKHZRUOGHDFK HQYLURQPHQWDOVWUHVVRUVWRDQH[WHQWWKDWPLJKWWKUHDWHQKXPDQKHDOWK ZLWKLWVRZQSURJUDPPHJHDUHGWRWKHSDUWLFXODU DQGWKHHQYLURQPHQWE\DOWHULQJDLUTXDOLW\KDPSHULQJVRLOIXQFWLRQV KHDOWKFRQGLWLRQVRIWKHFRXQWULHVLWVHUYHV DQGSROOXWLQJJURXQGZDWHUDQGVXUIDFHZDWHU 0HPEHU6WDWHV 7KH:+2(XURSHDQ&HQWUHIRU(QYLURQPHQWDQG+HDOWKRUJDQL]HGWZR $OEDQLD WHFKQLFDOPHHWLQJV−ZKLFKLQFOXGHGUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVRIHQYLURQPHQWDO $QGRUUD $UPHQLD DQGSXEOLFKHDOWKDJHQFLHV DWWKHQDWLRQDODQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOOHYHOV DQG $XVWULD UHVHDUFK H[SHUWV −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