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Guidance Document for Sediment Assessment Methods to determine to what extent the realization of water quality objectives of a water system is impeded by contaminated sediments Date 4 November 2010 Status Approved by DWO Guidance Document for Sediment Assessment Methods to determine to what extent the realization of water quality objectives of a water system is impeded by contaminated sediments Date 4 November 2010 Status Approved by DWO Authors: J.A. Hin (Rijkswaterstaat Centre for Water Management) L.A. Osté (Deltares) C.A. Schmidt (Rijkswaterstaat Centre for Water Management) Guidance Document for Sediment Assessment | 4 November 2010 Colophon Published by Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment - DG Water Information Ruud Teunissen Telephone +31 (0)6–15369260 Effectuated by Deltares and Rijkswaterstaat Centre for Water Management Date 4 November 2010 Status Approved by DWO Translated by Dick Bakker (GeoTReMA) Date of translation 14 November 2013 Page 4 of 153 Guidance Document for Sediment Assessment | 4 November 2010 Executive summary Main message • Sediment management has changed fundamentally under the Dutch Water Act. Sediment is considered an integral part of the water system. • The Guidance Document for Sediment Assessment is a technical planning tool to determine whether the sediment impedes the realization of water system quality objectives. • The result of the assessment is used in the regional planning process for comparison of the most cost-effective measures to realize the water system objectives. • The use of the Guidance Document for sediment assessment is not mandatory. Motivation On 22 December 2009 the Dutch Water Act came into force. Since then the remediation section of the Dutch Soil Protection Act is not applicable to sediments anymore. With this change, sediment quality in itself is no longer an objective as was the case under the Dutch Soil Protection Act. Sediment management is now regulated starting from the water system management, in which sediment is considered an integral part of the water system. In the Dutch Implementation Act regarding the Water Act, the development of an assessment framework is announced with which one can determine whether the sediment impedes the realization of a certain chemical and ecological quality, as part of the regional quality as a whole (objectives defined in the regional planning process). This Guidance Document is the implementation of this assessment framework. Elaboration of the assessment framework into a guidance document The guidance document is a technical tool to determine whether and to what extent quality objectives for the water system are not achieved as a result of the presence of xenobiotic substances and nutrients in the sediment. This involves both general environmental quality standards, such as the objectives of the Water Framework Directive and quality objectives that originate from water functions. These water functions are assigned in the National Water Plan, the regional water plans and - insofar as the afore-mentioned plans allow for it - the State and water board management plans. Other planning processes in which sediments can play a part include planning processes for spatial development, nature management plans (Natura2000 areas) and municipal water plans. The guidance document is primarily intended for the regional planning processes in the build-up to the second and next generation(s) of river basin management plans and the water authority management plans. Within the regional planning process possible measures are assessed with respect to their (cost-)effectiveness and public relevance. In this process all relationships between the different aspects of the water system are considered. Page 5 of 153 Guidance Document for Sediment Assessment | 4 November 2010 Within the regional planning process three situations can occur that give rise to the use of the guidance document: • Water Framework Directive (WFD) monitoring shows that chemical or ecological WFD objectives for good surface water quality are not met. • Quality objectives for surface waters that are not classified as WFD bodies of surface water are not met (for instance ponds, ditches, city canals). • Quality objectives and standards based on the surface water functions are not met. The guidance document for sediment assessment is a guidance document for the planning process. The guidance document is neither intended nor suitable as assessment framework for issuing permits for physical interventions in the water system. For issuing permits in both national and regional waters, water quality assessment frameworks are developed. Structure of the guidance document Sediment assessment in accordance with the guidance document starts with listing the quality objectives that are at issue in the water system. Next, it is determined for which objectives and standards the effects of the sediment have to be assessed. This involves the chemical and ecological objectives for bodies of surface water as laid down in the Dutch Decree on Quality Requirements and Monitoring in Water 2009 and the Dutch Ministerial Monitoring Regulation. Furthermore, it may involve standards for agricultural and fishery products and other human risk limits that stem from the use of the body of surface water. The assessment uses the results of an exploratory sediment survey. Flowcharts clearly depict the various steps to be followed. The assessment results in an appraisal of the contribution of the sediment to the fact that quality objectives are not met. The selected default methods are easy to use. The competent water authority, an engineering firm or a consultancy can perform the sediment assessment with the support of a certified laboratory. In addition to the default methods, the guidance document presents specialistic methods for specific situations. These can be used by or supported by knowledge institutes or other specialists. The use of specialistic methods is recommended in the case of substances with unknown or complex environmental behaviour, if a decision on a physical intervention in the sediment has large financial consequences, or if extra certainty with respect to the effects of the sediment is needed for other reasons. Feasibility test Rijkswaterstaat and the Union of Water boards have conducted a feasibility test on the guidance document. As a result of this, it has been made more clear when and how the guidance document should be used. The role of the guidance document in the planning process, the legal obligations of the competent water authorities and the coordination with other laws (such as the Dutch Soil Protection Act and the Dutch Soil Quality Decree) have been clarified. The guidance document for sediment assessment is therefore ready to use. Page 6 of 153 Guidance Document for Sediment Assessment | 4 November 2010 Contents 1 Introduction 11 1.1 Background 11 1.2 Purpose of the guidance document 12 1.3 Starting points of the assessment 13 1.4 Restrictions to the scope of this guidance document 14 1.4.1 Not intended for beneficial use of dredged material 14 1.4.2 Not intended for assessing physical interventions 14 1.4.3 Not for the purpose of issuing permits 15 1.4.4 Geographical scope 15 1.4.5 Concurrence with adjoining contaminated terrestrial soil 15 1.4.6 Contamination caused by a calamity 16 1.5 Relation with the Soil Quality Decree 16 1.6 Spatial scale and results of the assessment 17 1.7 Assessment of bank/shore areas 18 1.8 Default methods and specialistic methods 19 1.9 Directions for use 19 1.9.1 Explanation flowcharts 19 1.9.2 Flowchart for assessing sediment according to the guidance document 20 1.9.3 The sediment assistant: SEDIAS 23 1.9.4 User requirements 24 2 Determine purpose and nature of sediment assessment 25 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Chemical standards Water Framework Directive 26 2.2.1 Standards for xenobiotic substances 26 2.2.2 Is sediment a possible cause for exceeding the standard? 28 2.2.3 Which sections of this guidance document should be used? 28 2.3 Ecological objectives Water Framework Directive 29 2.3.1 Ecological standards 29 2.3.2 Is sediment a possible cause for an unsatisfactory score on the metric? 30 2.3.3 Which sections of this guidance document must be used? 34 2.4 Chemical standards in surface waters not classified as WFD bodies of surface water 34 2.5 Ecological objectives in surface waters not classified as WFD bodies of surface water 35 2.6 Groundwater objectives 36 2.7 Water functions 37 2.7.1 Nature 38 2.7.2 Drinking water 39 2.7.3 Swimming water 40 2.7.4 Shellfish water 41 2.7.5 Fishing water 41 2.7.6 Fishery and sport fishing 41 2.7.7 Recreation 42 2.7.8 Water for agricultural use 42 2.7.9 Agriculture in bank/shore areas 43 Page 7 of 153 Guidance Document for Sediment Assessment | 4 November 2010 3 Methods starting from water quality 45 3.1 Environmental quality standards for dissolved concentrations in surface water 45 3.2 Environmental quality standards for total concentrations in surface water 49 3.2.1 Flowing waters 49 3.2.2 (Semi-)standing waters 50 3.3 MPC for surface water and MPC for suspended particulate matter 54 3.3.1 MPC for suspended particulate matter 54 3.3.2 MPC for surface water 55 3.4 Standards in biota 58 3.5 Eutrophication standards 60 3.6 Ecological objectives for macrofauna 64 3.7 Nature objectives 66 3.8 Standards for protecting humans 66 4 Methods starting from sediment quality 69 4.1 Environmental quality standards for dissolved concentrations in surface water 69 4.2 Environmental quality standards for
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