First Official Visit by Royal Patron HRH Raja Dr. Nazrin Shah

Volume 2 2012

ISSN 2289-1277

scape. The quality of human life too has not changed very much in large parts of the world. Global governance has been even more disappointing in shouldering its other major responsibility, that of maintaining global peace and security.

HRH Raja Dr. Nazrin further stated that the principles of national sovereignty, non-aggression, non-use of force and non-interference that constitute the bedrock of global security order have been too frequently and grossly violated. Owing to the aforementioned elements, HRH Raja Dr. Nazrin believes that it is time for a seminal and substantive review to be conducted to address the challenges confronting global governance; not only in the present time On 11 July 2012, His Royal High- in global governance in the last hun- but also in the foreseeable future. ness Raja Dr. Nazrin Shah Ibni dred years has been quite remark- Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah, able. However, there has also been HRH Raja Dr. Nazrin then proposed the Crown Prince of Perak Darul a considerable downside to our the idea of establishing a Commis- Ridzuan graced the Institute with performance where the existing sion on Global Governance for the his presence to deliver a Royal Ad- governance structure is becoming 21st Century. He believes the idea is dress entitled Challenges of Global unsustainable. perhaps best pursued in collabora- Governance and The New Era of tion with dedicated partners of like Diplomacy. The Royal Address was According to HRH Raja Dr. Naz- mind in other parts of the world and the first by HRH Raja Dr. Nazrin rin, the institutions of global gover- such an initiative would then be re- Shah since he consented to become nance created after the Second presentative of a truly universal en- IDFR’s Royal Patron on 26 July 2011. World War and reflecting the power deavour. hierarchy then are now increasingly In his Royal Address, HRH Raja Dr. misaligned with the emerging geo- Continued on page 11 >> Nazrin noted that the progress made economic and geopolitical land-

CONTENTS

1 First Official Visit by Royal Patron HRH Raja Dr. Nazrin Shah Please like IDFR’s Facebook 2 - 3 Profile of Prominent Person page and be informed of 4 - 9 Forum upcoming events 10 - 13 News 14 - 19 In and Around IDFR 20 - 32 News

DIPLOMATIC VOICE PROFILE OF PROMINENT PERSON

Tan Sri Razali Ismail Chairman, Global Movement of Moderates Foundation (GMMF) and Distinguished Fellow of IDFR

Q. In your opinion, is there such a stepped up to the plate to call for a not mean I will sugar-coat them. term as the ultimate moderation? process of rethinking that can have ASEAN has to do a lot more espe- a far-reaching impact on the world’s cially on issues relating to people A. I do not think one can achieve stage. The Secretary General of and their predicament. a state of ultimate moderation. The the United Nations has given ready Global Movement of Moderates support pointing the Foundation There are laudable achievements, Foundation is not charged to search towards utilising the existing struc- the steady process of institutio- for a nirvana that exists only in the tures and associated functions of nalising ASEAN in important areas; heavens. The relevant statements the United Nations’ Alliance of Civi- ASEAN has eschewed interstate of our Prime Minister relate to a lization which the Foundation is in conflicts and I am happy to detect bold and comprehensive proposal the process of doing. We have the examples of ASEAN togetherness, to cover virtually all aspects of the Prime Minister of the United King- bound by a progressive under- conduct of states, community and dom welcoming our initiative and standing of what we are and can people that impact on the well-be- the Foundation would dialogue with be, perhaps verging towards a re- ing and security of a vast majority bodies in the UK shortly. The Euro- gional sum of thinking, dare we say, of people, the mainstream. The em- pean theatre is salient; they and the ethos that distinguishes us, not the phasis is equally on people as much U.S. are vigilant against and fear- headline solidarity we get at ASEAN as on states and in the pursuit of ful of extremists within their midst. meetings by political leaders, but the objectives, government agents The Foundation hopes to influence those on the ground, building bloc e.g. the Ministry of Foreign Affairs thinking among bodies and groups understanding and solid coopera- and non-government actors e.g. in Europe and the U.S., to restrain tion from the people up. the Foundation operate on parallel from labelling and quick fix and to tracks, mutually reinforcing each work towards diffusing extremist op- When I was a young diplomat, I other. Though the ultimate goal may tions and providing long term cures. ended up in capitals that celebrated never be achieved, the process and The answers mostly are known; it’s AFRICA DAY; I use to think then of the pursuit of the goal should pro- a question whether important go- ASIA DAY or at least ASEAN DAY. It gressively bring in moderation and vernments are willing to invest politi- can happen for ASEAN if the peo- that will be an accomplishment. cally in them, even if at some costs ples of ASEAN will unwaveringly initially. support ASEAN. They will support if The Foundation must not be utopian they gain definite benefits that will but the agenda has to be wide and The Foundation is proceeding to change their lives, not just state- will include political security issues engage with bodies in India, Japan, ments of intentions at meetings. that in their intractability has resul- China and South Korea, and will co- While there are some benefits, even ted in gross injustice, people be- ordinate with the Ministry of Foreign more has to be done. Can we move ing killed, and in desperate straits, Affairs in their efforts. a skewed global financial structure that results in Darwinism at a cost At the same time, despite the for- of vulnerability to people and their mal acceptance by ASEAN go- future, and unsustainable life prac- vernments of the Global Modera- tices that threaten the environment. tion concept, relevant people and institutions in the region are being The Foundation with a groundswell contacted on the operationalisation of supporters must, through the of Global Moderation in all aspects, force of our arguments as it were, on the basis of ASEAN’s conside- win over many doubters, who can- rable achievements and its readi- not see how we can overcome the ness to actively promote it globally. established structures that have This means that first the ASEAN re- yoked us, major power hegemo- gion must not provide reasons and nism, widening religious intoleran- cause for incubating extremism. ces, marginalisation, all contributing to a recourse in violent extremist Q. Is it true that ASEAN issues are actions. The Foundation believes close to your heart? that the mainstream is out there to be convinced, converted to provide A. As a Southeast Asian and with the critical numbers in support and over 30 years as a practitioner of Tan Sri Razali Ismail with His Excellency Ban to influence their governments ac- international politics, ASEAN issues Ki-moon at a Special Address held at IDFR cordingly. The Prime Minister has impact on me deeply but that does on 22 March 2012

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from a NORMS driven ASEAN to a are not going in again for the ‘head- IDFR would like to express its appre- RULES based ASEAN? lines’. Our readiness to serve in ciation to Tan Sri Razali Ismail, the the Council must mean Malaysia is Chairman of Global Movement of Q. Can the ASEAN Community be readily equipped to play a construc- Moderates Foundation (GMMF), for attained by 2015? tive, activist role, not just as one of agreeing to be featured in the Diplo- the numbers. We have an enviable matic Voice. A. Governments can declare that track record in the Council and it is the community is in place by that assumed that now, Malaysia knows date but what about everything even better the intricacies and the else? Can we be rules based by bargaining. Two years in the Coun- 2015? I rather doubt that. Not cil can be the ultimate contribution exactly related to this, once I asked for Malaysia if we manifest reso- Tun Dr. Mahathir, after his retire- luteness, courage not to buckle to ment, at a public meeting why he pressure and if we have a sense of did not take over the mantle of be- justice and of course, the special ing leader of ASEAN and he said, skills to make a difference at the “No, it has to be from Indonesia” world’s stage. National glory is all and I agree, it should be from In- very good but on the basis of what donesia. It has to be Indonesia be- we did before, we must not end up cause Indonesia is the biggest and a nonentity. Also I cannot but men- eventually will be the strongest, the tion that our Prime Minister has now most powerful, the most influential. pronounced, with the support of They have to provide the leadership ASEAN, on proposals for a Global and so far, they have not provided Movement of Moderates and be- that leadership. In the case of EU, ing in the Council would provide us Angela Merkel, the Chancellor of many vital opportunities. Germany, has taken over the mantle of overall leadership; strong, very Tan Sri Razali Ismail persistent, believes in austerity and retired from the government in 1998 after the necessity of getting others to fol- serving in the Malaysian low through. Diplomatic Service for over 35 years. He held A genuine ASEAN community various posts; namely needs strong, passionate leader- Ambassador to Poland concurrently to German Democratic Republic, ship to wield collective leadership Czechoslovakia and Hungary, High for ASEAN to thrive as a community, Commissioner to India, Deputy Secretary to win over the support and enthusi- General (Political Affairs) and Permanent asm of the people. From where we Representative to the United Nations. At are now, strongly nation focused, the United Nations (UN), Tan Sri Razali Ismail served in various capacities: we need collective efforts and peo- Chairman of the Group of 77, President of ple who really believe in ASEAN that the UN Security Council, Chairman of the will convert the energies of strong Commission on Sustainable Development nation states into unbeatable re- and President of the United Nations gional imperatives. General Assembly. He was involved in articulating and developing positions in various bodies on issues such as Q. Do you see any significance in development and sustainability, poverty Malaysia making a bid for a non- and marginalisation, political reforms permanent seat at the United Na- in the UN as well as issues of human tions Security Council for year rights and the environment. He continues to keep abreast on these subjects at 2015/2016? home and abroad, through participation at seminars etc. and interacting with A. The decision has been taken personalities and bodies, ties established and if I am not wrong, Malaysia will earlier. He was also the UN Secretary get the regional support. This will General’s Special Envoy for Myanmar for more than five years (from 2000-2005) mean Malaysia will be in the Se- and recently appointed the Chairman curity Council more often than the of the Global Movement of Moderates average Asian country. I am sure we Foundation.

DIPLOMATIC VOICE | 3 FORUM

Challenges of Global Governance and the New Era of Diplomacy Royal address by His Royal Highness Raja Dr. Nazrin Shah at IDFR on 11 July 2012

us today – labour, health, human Prominent among the implementa- and opium trafficking, and interna- tion initiatives are efforts at main- tional disputes through the Perma- taining peace and programmes of nent International Court of Justice. action such as the Millennium De- velopment Goals. The founding of the United Na- tions in 1945 launched the present The progress made in global go- phase of efforts at global gover- vernance in the last hundred years nance. For more than six decades has been quite remarkable. The now we have been hard at work liberal international order inspired within and outside the United Na- and bequeathed by the West after tions to advance international co- the Second World War has been operation on numerous common the most benign and open in histo- issues impacting upon the well- ry. With some notable exceptions, being of humankind. the hegemony inherent in it has been largely soft hegemony. The The issues cover a wide spectrum: international order enabled other conflict and conflict-related issues nations that chose to participate such as dispute settlement, arms in it the opportunity to pursue free- control and disarmament; inter- dom, enjoy greater liberties and national terrorism; poverty; hu- develop their potential for growth man development; food; health; and prosperity. human rights; international trade and investment; global finance; With its 173 member states, en- climate change; the environment; gagement has been truly universal crime; human trafficking; welfare in the most important global insti- I am delighted to be able to ad- of women and children; drug traf- tution, the United Nations. Nations dress you this morning and I want ficking and drug abuse; cultural large and small, whatever their cul- to thank the Institute of Diplomacy exchange; civilisational dialogue, tural make-up, their historical expe- and Foreign Relations for the kind … the list goes on. rience and their political ideology, invitation. I have taken a keen in- subscribe to the same principles terest in the affairs of the Institute We have worked on three broad of inter-state conduct prescribed and was very happy to accept the fronts in pursuing global gover- in the United Nations Charter, even invitation to be its patron. This is nance in these areas. First, we though in practice some diverge. because I believe strongly in the have worked on establishing the Institute’s mission. The training norms, laws and regulations; se- The WTO is also almost as univer- of the men and women of our di- cond, on constructing the institu- sal in reach, with 157 countries and plomatic service is of paramount tions; and third, on implementing customs territories as members importance for maintaining the various activities and initiatives in and 26 more as observers. The peace, security and prosperity of pursuit of our aims and objectives. liberal market-based economic our country. order championed by the United The norms, laws and regulations States and Europe has assisted Nearly a century after the birth of covering the diverse areas include growth in many far-flung econo- the League of Nations in June 1919, those in the United Nations Char- mies and lifted millions out of po- the world is still grappling with ter and the Bill of Rights, as well as verty especially in East and South the challenges of effective global those established by bodies such Asia. Rising powers that benefited governance. That first serious at- as the World Trade Organisation from this economic order are not tempt at international governance (WTO). seeking to overthrow it. Rather came to grief in less than three they have joined it and are profit- decades, a casualty of its failure to The institutions for global gover- ing greatly from it. prevent another world war. nance are myriad, and they include the United Nations and the specia- The architecture for global gover- The architects of the League sought lised agencies under it; the United nance has proliferated beyond ex- not just to keep the peace and Nations Educational, Scientific and pectation. It is now driven by many prevent war. They also attempted Cultural Organisation or UNESCO; hands, and it is growing literally governance of other global issues, the Bretton Woods institutions; and every day. It consists of hundreds of some of which are not unfamiliar to the International Court of Justice. government, non-government and

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private sector organisations and the number of electoral democra- economic and soft power, econo- forums dedicated to various glo- cies grew from 76 in 1990 to 117 mic weight is pivoting away from bally-relevant causes. in 2011. The values championed the North Atlantic hemisphere and by the institutions of global go- diffusing to other parts of the world. Global-level institutions for gover- vernance and their programmes to New power centres are emerging nance are being complemented by develop economic and democratic that are eclipsing some of the old bodies set up at the regional level, capacity played a role in making dominant powers. such as the European Union, the possible this growth. African Union, the Arab League As a consequence, the United and the Association of Southeast These are significant achieve- Nations Security Council, the Asian Nations or ASEAN. Commu- ments indeed. Sadly though, there International Monetary Fund, the nity-driven and interest-specific is also a considerable downside to World Bank and the World Trade organisations serving specific cli- our performance in global gover- Organisation require substantive entele, such as the Organisation nance. Despite our hundred-year reform in terms of membership, of Islamic Conference or OIC, are experience and the substantial voting rights and leadership also playing important roles. gains made, the existing gover- candidature. The tweaks that are nance structure is becoming in- presently being made to the As a result of the cumulative im- creasingly unsustainable. economic institutions are moves pact of national efforts as well as in the right direction, but the pace regional and global endeavours, I would therefore needs to be accelerated. never before have so many been rescued from poverty and want. respectfully The global financial system is An unprecedented half a billion commend to still captive to severe speculative people graduated out of poverty you the idea of a swings and excesses. Whereas within just five years in the period developing East Asia was able to between 2005 and 2010. It is es- Commission on find the resolve and the discipline timated that the Millennium De- Global Governance to remedy some of its weaknesses, velopment Goal target for poverty for the 21st it appears that the advanced eco- reduction will be successfully met nomies have not been able to do by 2015, when the global poverty Century. I believe so yet. As a consequence, some rate is expected to decline below it is an idea whose European economies are almost 15 per cent. time has come bankrupt, while others in the developed world are not doing too well Never before too, have so many The institutions of global go- either. The East is now bailing out enjoyed this much prosperity and vernance created after the the West. The repercussions to the comfort. The developing econo- Second World War and reflecting rest of the global economy can be mies, where the majority of the the power hierarchy then are now dire if the European countries are world’s people live, expanded by increasingly misaligned with the not able to institute the necessary no less than 50 per cent in the six emerging geo-economic and geo- reforms to their financial systems. years between 2005 and 2011. Ex- political landscape. While institu- panding economies and rising in- tional structures have remained The quality of human life too has not comes have generally also meant largely static, the number of states changed very much in large parts tangible improvements in access has quadrupled; non-state actors of the world. In some areas it has to health care and social ameni- are multiplying and asserting their even deteriorated markedly. Nearly ties. voices; globalisation is intense; a quarter of children under the age and economies, financial systems of five in the developing world are The twentieth century also saw and societies are becoming pro- still undernourished. A total of 2.7 a growth in the number of demo- foundly interconnected and inter- billion people, more than a third cratic countries and the number dependent, so much so that no of the world’s population, still lack of people living in democracies. part of the world is insulated from access to improved sanitation. Though the trajectory has not been the problems afflicting the others. Poverty remains a haunting straight and there have even been spectre of life in the poorest reversals, the broad trend to-date After a lapse of two centuries, the economies. Poverty is also in- is clear. Indeed growth has bor- balance of economic power is re- creasingly becoming an urban dered on the spectacular in the last turning to Asia. While the United phenomenon, and significant in- two decades. In its latest report, States will remain dominant for come disparities remain an unde- Freedom House estimates that some time in cumulative military, sirable feature of many societies.

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If global governance has not been constitute the bedrock of the glo- Ramphal and former Prime Mi- very good, or good enough, at ad- bal security order have been too nister of Sweden Ingvar Carlsson, dressing some of the socio-eco- frequently and grossly violated. was launched in 1992. It submitted nomic deficits and inequities, it has They are leaving behind massive its report two years later. That re- been even more disappointing in human tragedies and economic port makes for enlightening read- shouldering its other major respon- catastrophes in their deadly wake. ing even today. sibility, that of maintaining global peace and security. The incidence of internal conflicts Two decades on, it is perhaps has increased relative to inter-state time that another such initiative be The League of Nations consis- conflicts, and terrorism, an age-old launched. tently failed to maintain the peace security problem has, oddly, been between the two World Wars. Its declared a ‘new’ and ‘non-tradi- If launched, this Commission will biggest failure was its inability to tional’ security threat. shoulder a heavy responsibility. It prevent World War Two. Its succes- will have to execute its task without sor, the United Nations, this time The international community has a fear or favour. It must serve no dik- with the United States as a member choice. It can continue labouring tat save the one entrusted upon it. of the world body, has also shown a under an architecture for global poor record. governance made in and for the It must conduct an honest and previous century, or it can enact objective appraisal of the gover- The rule of law has not replaced concrete reforms to align it better nance architecture as it exists the tyranny of power in key mo- with the strategic profile and needs today, its strengths and its weak- ments in the management of global of the twenty-first century. nesses, where it is working and peace. International law has been where it is not, and how far it is breached on several occasions, In my own view, it is time for a se- relevant to the needs of the times. sometimes by the primary custo- minal and substantive review to be It must then come up with propo- dians of the global security order conducted by a high level interna- sals to make global governance in themselves, the Permanent Mem- tional body, such as a Commission the twenty-first century perceptibly bers of the Security Council. Long- of eminent persons of international better. No doubt we can expect festering issues such as the Israeli/ repute aided by a panel of experts. these proposals to be bold and Palestinian conflict, the divided Ko- Though independent, the Commis- forward-looking, yet made with feet reas and the cross-Straits issue re- sion will benefit from the support of firmly planted on the ground. main unresolved, again with some the United Nations Secretary Ge- of the Permanent Members as ac- neral. The exercise cannot be anything tive protagonists in these issues. less than thorough. It must ad- This will not be the first time such dress, and address squarely, the The number of nuclear weapon a review has been proposed or central challenges confronting states has increased from five to conducted. Several in fact have global governance not only now eight. The declared goal of nuclear been launched in previous years, but in the foreseeable future as disarmament has been effectively both from within and outside the well. reduced to mere nuclear non- United Nations system. Some of proliferation. The end of the Cold their reports have been extensive- I believe such an important enquiry War brought no peace dividend. ly debated, but none have been cannot avoid but delve into at least Instead, world military expenditure successfully implemented. At best four critical areas. grew in real terms by 50.3 per cent they found their way to the deba- between 2001 and 2010, to an esti- ting floor, and perished there. First, the nature of the evolving mated total of US$1.63 trillion. The strategic environment. An under- top five spenders are the five Per- This should not dishearten those standing of this environment, how manent Members of the Security who want better global governance it is changing and what demands it Council. Despite the huge increase and desire meaningful change. is making upon global governance in military spending in many coun- They are on the right side of his- will perforce predicate the study. tries, it is ironical that none of the tory, and they carry the hopes and powers feels even one iota more aspirations of many. No doubt the tectonic shifts in the secure. balance of global economic and One such Commission, The Com- strategic power and their implica- The principles of national sove- mission on Global Governance tions will be the central focus here. reignty, non-aggression, non-use jointly chaired by former Common- They are probably the biggest fac- of force and non-interference that wealth Secretary General Shridath tor contributing to the growing ob-

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solescence and dysfunction of the deed. The challenge now is to complex in the major economies. major institutions of governance as ensure that the G20 does not dis- It is also fuelling a lucrative global they are presently constituted. sipate its economic agenda and arms trade. In some countries, this digress into other areas as well. industry has grown so big and so But I would be surprised if the study A similar move towards a more in- important to the national economy does not also go well beyond this clusive, representative and demo- that governments themselves have to look into issues as diverse as the cratic Security Council is a serious a vested interest in sustaining de- impact of globalisation upon both option for better global security mand at home and abroad. vulnerable as well as developed governance. societies; the underlying causes of This situation facilitates the pro- global financial turbulence and the Third, the more effective engage- pagation of an adversarial secu- adequacy of current approaches ment of non-state actors in the rity doctrine that is increasingly at to tame them; and the more cohe- governance process at all levels. odds with a strategic environment rent role that civil society and the The role of the state is declining in which the economic well-being private sector can play in advan- in the evolving domestic and in- and strategic interests of states cing global governance. ternational order, and the space is are becoming intimately entwined being filled by these actors. The and war mutually destructive and Second, structural and procedural resources and expertise at their costly. Such an environment fa- reform of the principal multilateral disposal are enormous and their vours cooperative rather than ad- institutions of global governance. participation is indispensable. versarial approaches to managing Absent of such reform the institu- security that is increasingly mutual tions lose their credibility, legitima- To some extent, this is already hap- and common except in exceptio- cy and effectiveness. The reform of pening. Indeed, International Non- nal cases. the United Nations, the central pil- Government Organisations such lar of the international governance as the International Committee for Demilitarising security culture and architecture, has already been the the Red Cross and Red Crescent reducing military expenditure is subject of much study and debate. and Medecins Sans Frontieres therefore an urgent priority for pro- The Commission can identify the have long been navigating their moting sound global governance options available for enlarging the own course in providing humani- and international peace. The Com- permanent and non-permanent tarian assistance. But closer co- mission can make an important membership of the Security Coun- ordination and better engagement contribution here by challenging cil; the utilisation or replacement of of civil society organisations and the dominant adversarial doctrine the system of veto; the empower- other non-state actors in decision for managing security, champion- ment of the General Assembly and making and consultation process- ing pacific approaches for resol- the restoration of its original, more es can elevate global governance ving conflicts and disputes, and influential role; and the safeguard- to an altogether new level. The mo- offering concrete ideas for collec- ing of the independence and inte- dalities for effecting this are worth tive arms control. grity of the position of the UN Sec- exploring. retary General. Concluding Remarks And fourth, a strong advocacy for Corresponding reviews will also be demilitarising the global security I would therefore respectfully com- necessary for the other key institu- culture. Many countries are spend- mend to you the idea of a Commis- tions, namely the World Bank, the ing much more than they need sion on Global Governance for the International Monetary Fund and for legitimate and reasonable de- 21st Century. I believe it is an idea the World Trade Organisation. Vo- fence. They are trapped in a vi- whose time has come. It is per- ting rights, eligibility of candidates cious cycle of mutual military en- haps best pursued in collabora- for the chief executive positions of hancement because neighbours tion with dedicated partners of like these institutions and closed-door and competitors are doing so and mind in other parts of the world. consultations among a select few, they do not want to lose any edge Such an initiative would then be are some of the aspects that re- they possess or upset any prevail- representative of a truly universal quire reassessment. As the ranks ing balance. endeavour. of the major economies grow, so must their rights and representa- The search for ever more ad- tion. vanced weapons with greater le- thal capacity is driving research In this regard, the move in the di- in military technology and prospe- rection of the G20 is welcome in- ring a powerful military industrial

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Why Malaysia and Indonesia Must Accept that We are More Similar than We Think Contributed by Dr. Farish A. Noor Yet again, Malaysia-Indonesia rela- of Malaysia and the Republic of now called Malaysia, and settled tions have been dealt a blow thanks Indonesia, we have also witnessed there. In the course of my teaching to an unfortunate misunderstanding the development of national histories in Indonesia, I regularly come across that could have been avoided. that were written by nationalist startled Indonesian students who are This time around, it was sparked historians who speak and write for surprised to be told that hundreds by Malaysia’s declaration that their respective national audiences. of thousands of Malaysians speak two dances from Sumatra will be This problem is not unique to Malaysia Javanese, Bugis, Minang, Banjarese regarded as part of Malaysia’s or Indonesia; and if we look further, and other languages of Indonesia. complex and plural cultural heritage, we will see that China’s nationalist Why? Because they happen to be and that be recognised accordingly. history has also been written by Malaysian Javanese, Malaysian As soon as the announcement was Chinese nationalist historians for a Bugis, Malaysian Banjarese and so made however, certain quarters in national audience. This is why China on. Indonesia began to accuse Malaysia has been so brazen in its claims of ‘stealing’ Indonesian culture yet that the South China Sea belongs Thus when the Malaysian govern- again, and in the space of a few days, to China, with scant regard for the ment decided to recognise the two a number of violent demonstrations sensitivities of the rest of Southeast dances that originated from Sumatra were held in Medan, Sumatra and Asia. National histories are myopic as part of Malaysian culture and Jakarta, Java – leading to the now and self-referential discourses, and heritage, it had less to do with ‘claim- familiar manifestation of anger, the seldom take into account alternative ing’ that these dances originated burning of the Malaysian flag and viewpoints. from Malaysia, and more to do with attacks upon the Malaysian Embassy. recognising the many diverse origins Beginning with that as our premise, of Malaysians who have come from It is lamentable that such mis- we need to understand the cause other parts of the region such as understandings persist between of Indonesia’s anxieties: In my re- Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan and our two countries, but the real search on Indonesian history even further afield such as China, question is this: Knowing that violent textbooks (from primary to secondary India, Arabia and even Europe. demonstrations are orchestrated school level), I noted that the history affairs that never happen sponta- textbooks of Indonesia speak Here then, lies the crucial question: neously, we need to ask why these of the Sumatran and Javanese When American Chinese celebrate acts of violence take place, who is maritime kingdoms of Majapahit, Chinese New Year in Chinatown, behind them, and whose interests Srivijaya, Aceh, Pasai, Palembang New York, is this a case of America are being served. Related to these and others. These narratives are ‘stealing’ Chinese culture? And when questions is the question of how accompanied by maps that suggest American Irish celebrate St Patrick’s Malaysia should proceed in the future that Indonesian kingdoms have held Day in New York, is this the case of to prevent such misunderstandings overlapping claims to parts of the America ‘stealing’ Irish culture? And in the first place. Malaysian Peninsula in the past. when American Germans celebrate This is indeed true, but we should Octoberfest, is this a case of Ame- Let us begin from the beginning: As far also remember that the Malaysian rica ‘stealing’ German culture? How as this recent dispute is concerned, kingdoms of Langkasuka, Kedaran and why is it that China, Ireland, the root cause of it was an act on the (Kedah) and Malacca also held India, Germany, Holland and England part of the Malaysian government sway across parts of Sumatra in do not accuse America of stealing that could hardly be described as the past as well. This does not, and their history and patrimony? Surely malicious in intent. We forget that all should not however suggest that this is a case of America simply the countries of Southeast Asia today either country can claim each acknowledging the fact that it has are new countries that have only others’ territories at a whim. always been a country of migration, emerged on the international stage of and that all these cultural influences politics for about half a century. The While Indonesian school books have contributed to make America legacy of colonialism was such that have done a commendable job the complex and dynamic country it divided what was once a fluid and in celebrating the diversity of its that it is. And is this not exactly what mobile continuum of communities that peoples and cultures, they have Malaysia has done, by acknowled- were realty maritime diasporas, who unfortunately overlooked one salient ging that its own complex culture is moved across the archipelago with fact: That long before the creation and has always been a composite ease and who regarded the whole of of modern-day Indonesia and thing? Southeast Asia as their home. Malaysia, hundreds of thousands of Javanese, Bugis, Madurese, A secondary question is who are Unfortunately, with the rise of new Minangs, Mandailings, Acehnese, the ones who are accusing Malaysia nation-states like the Federation etc have also migrated to what is of cultural ‘theft’, and why? What

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Malaysians have to understand is Indonesians remain tied to each that an overwhelming majority of other through links of marriage, Indonesians still regard Malaysia as a kinship, family, business, work and friendly neighbour and we hope that studies. It is imperative that Malaysia such goodwill persists on both sides do more to educate Malaysians of the border, indefinitely. But since about our neighbour, and to inculcate the fall of Suharto in 1998, Indonesia among young Malaysians a sense of has experienced what some political common ASEAN identity we share analysts refer to as the phenomenon with our regional allies. In an age of of ‘hyper-democracy’, with the cheap airline travel and abundant sudden opening up of the public communicative infrastructure, there domain and the emergence of many is no excuse for Malaysians and new parties. Not all of these parties Indonesians to remain ignorant of however, have been of the peace- each other, or to regard each other loving variety. The Partai Patriot for as strangers. instance, was one of the more right- wing nationalist parties that contes- This can also be addressed through ted the elections of 2004 and 2009 a more comprehensive and inclusive but which failed to make a political approach to culture and education, impact. and to recognise that our cultures are mixed, hybrid and complex things Some of the new hyper-nationalist that are the results of a long period parties in Indonesia have been of historical contact. Can we ever actively seeking issues to animate envisage the writing of a common and mobilise the masses, and history that back-dates our past unfortunately for Malaysia, it has to the pre-colonial era and which been singled out as the scapegoat recognises the cultural, linguistic and punching bag for their bellicose and economic continuities that bind rhetoric. The recent attacks on the us? Are we prepared to give up a Malaysian Embassy by groups like myopic reading of a national history the Pemuda Pancasila point to the that remains exclusive and which rise of new right-wing nationalist is written solely by us and for us to movements that use the tools of read? Unprecedented though it may democracy for the end of populist be, as we inch closer to the ASEAN and sometimes inflammatory politics, Charter of 2015, it is perhaps timely seeking enemies that do not exist for us to suggest such a thing as a in their efforts to unite Indonesians common ASEAN history project, against an adversarial other. The and even a common ASEAN history constant attacks on Malaysia are part book. For though ASEAN is a new of this local staging of performative construct that only emerged in politics in Indonesia, and Malaysians 1967, it comprises of nations and need to be cognisant of the fact that communities whose common history despite the violent abuse meted goes back two thousand years, long out against Malaysia, not a single before the advent of the modern Malaysian has been hurt so far. Such nation-state that divides us today. theatricality is hard, however, to avoid when it leads to the Malaysian Dr. Farish A. Noor is Embassy being attacked or the a Malaysian political Malaysian flag being burned before historian and Senior the glare of the media. Fellow at the S. Raja- ratnam School of Inter- national Studies (RSIS), How should Malaysia proceed? Nanyang Technological For a start, Malaysia cannot forget University, Singapore. that our longest, oldest, closest and He also lectures at various universities in perhaps most important regional Indonesia and Malaysia. He is a Distin- neighbour remains Indonesia; and guished Fellow of IDFR. He can be con- that millions of Malaysians and tacted at [email protected]

DIPLOMATIC VOICE | 9 NEWS

The Launch of Malaysian Diplomats: Our Stories Vol. 1

of ten articles contributed by former book also gives us an opportunity, and current serving ambassadors – albeit a small one, to pay tribute to Ambassador Abdul Samad Othman, our unsung heroes; the spouses. Tan Sri Hamidon Ali, Dato’ Jamaiyah M. Yusof, Dato’ Khor Eng Hee, Dato’ Malaysian Diplomats: Our Sto- Lily Zachariah, Dato’ Md. Daud M. ries Vol. 1 was launched by Sena- Yusoff, Dato’ Mohd. Yusof Ahmad, tor A. Kohilan Pillay, the Deputy Dato’ K.N. Nadarajah, YM Tengku Foreign Minister, on behalf of the Dato’ Idriss Ibrahim and Dato’ Ting Foreign Minister, witnessed by, Wen Lian. among others, more than 30 members of the diplomatic corps, several As our country’s representatives of the contributors, officers from the at post, our diplomats’ lives are Ministry of Foreign Affairs and re- never “a bed of roses”. They face presentatives from various think In 2006, the first of its kind Number many challenges, dilemmas and for tanks and universities. One Wisma Putra was launched some, even life-threatening events. with much pomp. Published at the These first-hand experiences must The book is available for sale at IDFR encouragement of the then Prime be shared, so that people will un- at RM35 each. Minister, Tun Abdullah Ahmad derstand what our diplomats go Badawi, it was the catalyst which through and the sacrifices that they led to the idea of a similar but leaner sometimes have to make when book project, one IDFR hopes to be serving King and Country. It can also a biennial, if not a yearly endeavour serve as a guide for our young di- from now on. plomats in training as well as aspi- ring ones. These real-life examples The first volume of Malaysian Diplo- can also be used by our academi- mats: Our Stories was launched on 3 cians in classes that teach diploma- May 2012. The book is a compilation cy and international relations. This

Public Lecture entitled Cordoba Initiative: Its Mission in Healing U.S.–Muslim World Relations

Relations on 6 April that Islam is a religion and West is 2012 held at IDFR. the direction. According to Imam Feisal, it is not only a geographic In his lecture, Imam thing, but it is also part geogra- Feisal Abdul Rauf phical, part political, part geopoli- said that when the tical, part religious, part sociological September 11 at- and part perception. The sources of tacks occurred, the problems for the issue have been Americans showed divided into buckets of problems enormous desire to which include political, religious/ understand and to jurisprudential, socio identity and fix the problem of media/perception problems. what went wrong in America and how Participants who attended the pub- IDFR and the Southeast Asia Re- they can fix Muslims and the West lic lecture included members of the gional Centre for Counter-Terrorism relations. diplomatic corps, academicians, (SEARCCT) jointly organised a pub- lecturers and students from a num- lic lecture by Imam Feisal Abdul He also highlighted the issue of ber of local universities, officers from Rauf, founder of Cordoba Initiative, Muslims versus the West from the various government ministries and entitled Cordoba Initiative: Its Mis- scientific point of view. The com- institutions, members of NGOs and sion in Healing U.S.–Muslim World mon definition by many people was the Master students of IDFR.

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The 15th Dubrovnik Diplomatic Forum

The Director General of IDFR, intercultural dialogue. Dato’ Ku The first Diplomatic Forum was held Dato’ Ku Jaafar Ku Shaari, was Jaafar was also invited to deliver in 1998 as a pioneer project of the invited by the Diplomatic Aca- a keynote address in which he ad- CEI and the Diplomatic Academy demy of the Ministry of Foreign and dressed the forum on diplomatic of the Ministry of Foreign and Eu- European Affairs of the Republic of training in the context of cultural di- ropean Affairs of the Republic of Croatia to attend the 15th Dubrovnik plomacy. It was also the highlight of Croatia, together with the University Diplomatic Forum in Dubrovnik, the event on IDFR’s part. of Zagreb and its Centre for Ad- Croatia. The forum, which was vanced Academic Studies (CAAS) consistently coorganised by Euro- With the theme of this year’s forum in Dubrovnik. Having started as an Mediterranean University (EMUNI), being Diplomacy and Intercultural international conference in the field Central European Initiative (CEI), Dialogue, it was designed to aid of diplomacy and diplomatic train- University of Zagreb, and London discussions on the following topics; ing, the forum has over the years Academy of Diplomacy, Univer- role of diplomacy in intercultural grown into an annual event of its sity of East Anglia was officially cooperation; dialogue and coope- kind in this part of Europe, gather- launched by the Special Envoy of ration; better understanding and ing high state officials, experts and the Croatian Ministry of Foreign and application of intercultural commu- academics, as well as young di- European Affairs, Assistant Minister nication in regional, interregional plomats. Andreja Metelko-Zgombi. and international context; knowledge, scientific research and edu- The outcome of the forum was in- The event which took place from cation as a backbone of internatio- deed a fruitful one as Dato’ Ku 24 to 26 May 2012 saw a strong nal cooperation and development. Jaafar has now received proposals delegation from not only European for future collaborations from other countries but also representatives Aside from stimulating partici- delegates representing diplomatic from the Americas, African and pants in a series of roundtable academies the world over. This is Asian region. discussions, papers submitted eminent in IDFR’s vision to place by each participant will be itself as a diplomatic academy of This year’s forum focused on the compiled in the forum’s annual world-class standard and be at par role of diplomacy in an on-going publication. with its prominent peers.

<< continued from page 1

The Royal Address was attended Master of Social Science in Strategy a very frank and open dialogue with by distinguished guests comprising and Diplomacy and the Diploma in HRH Raja Dr. Nazrin Shah, who is former Malaysian ambassadors, Diplomacy programmes immedi- very eloquent, knowledgeable and ambassadors and high commissio- ately after the Royal Address. The charismatic yet humble. ners of foreign missions in Kuala discussion provided opportunities Lumpur, senior officers of the Ministry for exchange of ideas and thoughts By Ahmad Shazril Suhaimi of Foreign Affairs, officials and on global governance as well as in- representatives from various think ternational relations issues between tanks, IDFR course participants and both groups of participants with HRH representatives of the media. Raja Dr. Nazrin Shah.

A closed-door Roundtable Discus- The participants felt very ho- sion was held with participants of the noured and privileged to have had

DIPLOMATIC VOICE | 11 NEWS

9th ASEAN Leadership Forum

Vision for ASEAN as ASEAN Chair 2012. This was followed by a Lea- dership Keynote Address entitled Leadership Challenges in ASEAN: Meeting Tomorrow’s Needs and Ex- pectations by Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib Tun Razak.

The ASEAN Leadership Forum on 5 April featured various topics such as ASEAN connectivity and integration, role of ASEAN on non-traditional threads, sustainability development and green growth, leadership challenges, and economic challenges and prospects. This was followed by the Ms. Alina Murni Md. Isa, an IDFR for Shared Prosperity, the forum ASEAN Young Leaders Dialogue Senior Deputy Director, attended brought together prominent and the next day where younger and the 9th ASEAN Leadership Forum visionary thinkers, leaders, dignita- emerging leaders shared their held in Phnom Penh, Cambodia from ries and personalities sharing their thoughts and perspectives on issues 4 to 6 April 2012. The forum was thoughts on what ASEAN means to such as ASEAN and Building an made possible with the collabora- them and experiences as well as ASEAN Community, Social Economy tion between the Asian Strategy and hopes for a strong ASEAN integra- and Social Enterprises, Models Leadership Institute (ASLI) and the tion. The forum was held in three of Good Regulatory Framework Ministry of Commerce Cambodia, parts: the Welcoming Dinner on 4 for ASEAN, Understanding G8 and with the support from the Go- April, the ASEAN Leadership Forum and How it can Shape ASEAN’s vernment of the Royal Kingdom of on 5 April, both held at the Cambo- Growth, Forging Closer Ties with Cambodia, the ASEAN Secretariat diana Hotel and the ASEAN Young G8, and Building the Sense of Com- and the ASEAN Business Forum, Leaders Dialogue on 6 April, which munity Among the Next Generation of and hoped to serve as an important was held at the Sunway Hotel. Leaders. platform to critically discuss and analyse the future of ASEAN and the At the Welcoming Dinner, H.E. Sam- Representatives from Malaysia at the ASEAN regional cooperation. dech Hun Sen, the Prime Minister of three-day forum included key players Cambodia, delivered an Opening from Axiata Group Berhad, Malaysia, With the theme of One Commu- Keynote Address entitled One Com- Maybank, IBM and the Institute for nity, One Destiny – Growing ASEAN munity, One Destiny: Cambodia’s Democracy and Economic Affairs.

Roundtable Discussion entitled Commonwealth Renewal from the Canadian Perspective

A roundtable discussion on Com- In his talk, Senator Segal spoke gender equality, and democracy in monwealth Renewal from the about the challenges facing the the member countries. Canadian Perspective presented Commonwealth and the need for it to by the Honourable Senator Hugh “renew itself” in order to be relevant With regard to the future of the Segal, Canada’s Special Envoy for in the changing global environment Commonwealth, the distinguished Commonwealth Renewal and Mem- of today. He felt that it would be a speaker spoke at length about the ber of the Commonwealth Eminent tragedy if the Commonwealth which work done by the Commonwealth Persons Group (EPG) was held at the symbolises the coming together of Eminent Persons Group (EPG), Institute on 19 April 2012. The event diverse ethnic groups ceases to a group of ten eminent persons was honoured by the presence of exist. Also, in his view, the grouping from the member countries under Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, former still has an important role to play the chairmanship of Tun Abdullah Prime Minister of Malaysia, who gave in alleviating poverty, promoting Ahmad Badawi. The EPG’s report the introductory speech. education, public health, racial and outlines the measures that should

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be taken by the Commonwealth to ensure its relevance as an international grouping and its role in improving the lives of people in the member countries and globally.

During the question and answer session, Senator Segal spoke of the similarity in ideals between the Commonwealth which brings different nationalities and ethnic groups together and the Global Movement of Moderates that is being promoted by Malaysia.

The participants who attended the cers from various government students of IDFR and members of roundtable discussion included offi- agencies, academicians, the Master the diplomatic corps.

Roundtable Discussion entitled A Snapshot of Democracy in ASEAN

a more democratic and people- oriented ‘ASEAN Community’. Natio- nalism within ASEAN member countries is another factor impeding its progress towards greater economic and political integration. In this regard, he noted that even the European Union, despite having a common history, religion and culture, faces challenges in maintaining its unity.

The distinguished speaker also spoke about the problem of political legitimacy in ASEAN which is currently government centric with lit- tle involvement by its people in the decision making and institutional building process. He noted that the IDFR and the CIMB ASEAN Re- said that discussions on democracy issue of democracy has always ta- search Institute (CARI) jointly hos- and related issues in the context of ken a backseat in ASEAN meetings ted a roundtable discussion enti- ASEAN are very relevant and timely in relation to other issues. In this tled A Snapshot of Democracy in considering the importance of this regard, he opined that civil society ASEAN on 23 May 2012. Fellow of issue for the long term political and movements have an important role CARI, YAM Tunku Zain Al’ Abidin economic stability of the region. in promoting freedom and demo- Ibni Tuanku Muhriz, was the guest cracy in the ASEAN region. speaker, while Mr. John Pang, the YAM Tunku Zain Al’ Abidin Ibni Tu- Chief Executive Officer of CARI, anku Muhriz, in his address, said Several officers from the Ministry moderated the question and answer that differences in the political sys- of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia, de- session. tem, language, culture, religion legates from Harvard University and and level of economic develop- CARI, academicians, former diplo- Ambassador Aminahtun Hj. A. Ka- ment were among the main obsta- mats and the Master and Diploma in rim, Deputy Director General of cles standing in the way of ASEAN Diplomacy students were present at IDFR, in her welcoming remarks achieving its vision of becoming the roundtable discussion.

DIPLOMATIC VOICE | 13 IN AND AROUND IDFR

First Official Visit by Royal Patron HRH Raja Dr. Nazrin Shah

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DIPLOMATIC VOICE | 15 IN AND AROUND IDFR

Public Lecture entitled Cordoba Initiative: Its Mission in Healing U.S.–Muslim World Relations

Roundtable Discussion entitled Commonwealth Renewal from the Canadian Perspective

16 | [email protected] IN AND AROUND IDFR

The Launch of Malaysian Diplomats: Our Stories Vol. 1

DIPLOMATIC VOICE | 17 IN AND AROUND IDFR

Roundtable Discussion entitled A Snapshot of Democracy in ASEAN

Training Courses

Language Courses

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Diploma in Diplomacy

DIPLOMATIC VOICE | 19 NEWS

Orientation Course for Secretaries

IDFR successfully conducted the Orientation Course for Secretaries from 16 to 27 June 2012. The course which was first introduced in Septem- ber 2011, comprised secretaries from various Ministry of Foreign Affairs divisions and IDFR.

The two-week course covered the objectives of widening the secretaries’ professional knowledge and skills that are required for them to serve at the Missions in various countries all over the world. It was also aimed to expose the participants to the different aspects of good office organisation, Relations, Preparation for Living and such as Motivation, Group Dynamics, as well as improve their communica- Working Abroad and a talk by the Vice Grooming, Malaysian Cultural Dances tion and interpersonal skills and to President of PERWAKILAN. and the One Malaysia Concept. inculcate the importance of presenting a good image. The participants were also privileged The participants were pleased with to take part in modules on skills in the course and further expressed In line with the objectives, IDFR tai- diplomacy, which are Reception and their comments concerning the know- lored various modules that covered Fine Dining and Social Etiquette. ledge, exposure and benefit that they issues concerning the Ministry, in- English and communication modules had gained throughout the two-week cluding the Overview of the Ministry were also highlighted, such as Eng- course. IDFR believes that the course of Foreign Affairs’ Strategic Plan, the lish for Diplomacy, English for Effec- objectives were achieved and would Importance of Your Role at Missions tive Communications, Presentation continue on its part to constantly Abroad, Inspectorate Issues, Perks Skills, Written and Verbal Communica- review the modules so that they will and Privileges, Administrative and tions, Cross Cultural Communications be relevant to the needs, vision, mis- Security Matters at Missions Abroad, and Interpersonal Skills. Self-develop- sion and aspirations of the Ministry of Vienna Convention and Consular ment modules were also incorporated Foreign Affairs, Malaysia.

Pre-Posting Orientation Course for Officers and Spouses under Sistem Pentadbiran Kerajaan Malaysia di Luar Negara (SPKM) 2/2012

The Pre-Posting Orientation Course for Officers and Spouses under Sistem Pentadbiran Kerajaan Malaysia di Luar Negara (SPKM) 2/2012 was held from 7 to 18 May 2012 at IDFR. Thirty-four officers from various ministries and government agencies participated in the course. Seventeen spouses of the officers were also present at the course. and The Role of Spouse which administration, management and This second series featured an only involved the spouses. The new matters related to working at a improved programme based on a modules were included to cater Mission, delivered by the Ministry’s meeting between IDFR, the Ministry specifically for the spouses and were officers. Day 5 until Day 10 focused of Foreign Affairs and the Ladies compulsory for them. on protocol, etiquette, culture, and Association of the Ministry of Foreign grooming. The improved programme Affairs, Malaysia (PERWAKILAN). The flow of the modules was also received commendable feedback Among the new modules added were improved, in which Day 1 until and responses from the officers and a one-day Cooking Demonstration Day 4 involved only modules on spouses.

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Crisis Management Course for International Participants

During the first day in Langkawi, participants were given the opportunity to visit several places like the Burnt Rice compound and the Mahsuri Mausoleum. They also boarded a cruise to witness the en- chanting sunset in Cenang Island. On the second day, participants had an opportunity to attend a mo- tivational talk delivered by Dato’ Ku Jaafar Ku Shaari at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Langka- wi, Pulau Tuba. Some of the participants also shared their tips and experiences on the secret recipe for success in life. The participants also visited the Lake of the Preg- nant Maiden and got the chance to see the magnificent king of the skies, as the eagles swooped down to catch their prey as they were fed. The day eventually en- The Crisis Management Course for delivered by guest speakers and ded with a visit to the Beras Ba- International Participants came to qualified lecturers from various sah Island where the participants an end with the closing and certifi- agencies and universities. enjoyed a swim in the crystal clear cate presentation ceremony on 22 water of the white sandy beach. June 2012. The event was offici- What made it more interesting was On the third day, the participants ated by Dato’ Ku Jaafar Ku Shaari, that the class lectures were not had the opportunity to visit LADA the Director General of IDFR and only held in the classroom but par- and MMEA, plus the opportunity to was also attended by several am- ticipants were given the opportu- board the MMEA’s patrol ship. bassadors and high commissio- nity to attend lectures conducted ners of the participating countries. in Puncak Rimba, Bukit Tinggi, The Langkawi cable car was also from 12 to 13 June 2012. Most of one of the major attractions, with The three-week course covered the participants were very exci- a fantastic view of the island at the several substantive topics such ted and pleased with the beautiful height of 700 meters above sea as Theory and Concept of Crisis and peaceful scenery as it was far level. The participants were ex- Management, The Law and Armed away from the hustle and bustle of cited and fascinated by the beau- Conflict in International Crisis, Cri- Kuala Lumpur. Lt. Col. John Der- ty and peace of Langkawi. Since sis Communication in Situations of rick and Major Hamdan Abd. Rah- Langkawi is a shopping haven Armed Conflict, Expectations of man were the guest speakers who for duty-free goods from around Diplomats, The Use of Force, Ter- delivered their lectures there. the world, the participants did not rorism, Human Trafficking, Media miss the opportunity to buy some Response in Crisis Management, Besides that, the participants were perfume, cigarettes, confectio- Issues and Challenges in Humani- also taken on several study visits, nery, wine, chocolate, and other tarian Assistance, Food Crisis, Hu- including to the Malaysian Peace- retail goods in Kuah Town. manitarian Relief Effort, Security keeping Training Centre Port Dick- Threat in Gulf of Aden and Indian son, Malaysian Maritime Enforce- The three-week course received Ocean, Unity in Diversity, Media ment Agency [Northern Region] positive response and feedback Warfare Psychology, War & Peace (MMEA), Langkawi Development from the course participants, am- Journalist, Managing Refugees in Authority (LADA) Pulau Langka- bassadors and high commissio- a Crisis, Human Right Law in Cri- wi, Perbadanan Nasional Berhad ners of the participating countries. sis, Country Risk Management, (PNS) and Petroliam Nasional Ber- The participants also thanked Diplomacy in Crisis Management had (PETRONAS). IDFR and MTCP for giving them and Peaceful Settlement of Inter- the golden opportunity to expe- national Disputes through Adjudi- The participants were in Langkawi rience the sweet and unforget- cation by the International Court over one weekend, which brought table memory while staying in of Justice. All the lectures were sweet memories and experiences. Malaysia.

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Orientation Course for Heads of Mission and Their Spouses

IDFR successfully conducted the In addition, the participants were also 2015, Current Bilateral and Multila- Orientation Course for Heads of Mis- privileged to listen to two luncheon teral Issues, 1Malaysia, People First sion and Their Spouses from 25 to 29 talks; firstly by Mr. Mohd Tarid Sufian, Performance Now as the Future Di- June 2012. Thirteen participants at- Deputy Director General of the Co- rection of Malaysia’s Foreign Policy, tended the course, comprising seven ordination and Implementation De- Transform Malaysia into a High-In- ambassadors and high commissio- partment, Ministry of Foreign Affairs come Nation by 2020, Human Rights ners-designate accompanied by their Malaysia who gave a talk on Key and Malaysia, Etiquette and Royal spouses. Performance Indicator and secondly Protocol and Dealing with Media was a talk by Professor Dr. Zubair presentation on Defending National The course, which was held for five Hasan, Professor of Islamic Econo- Interest. days, outlined the objectives: to pro- mics and Governance for the Inter- vide an overview of functions and res- national Center of Education in Isla- Realising the importance for spou- ponsibilities of Heads of Mission and mic Finance (INCEIF), entitled Na- ses to the Heads of Mission to have their spouses, to develop knowledge tional and Global Economic Issues. the right skills and ability needed and understanding of current Ma- to uphold Malaysia’s good name laysian and international issues and IDFR had also arranged three din- and reputation, IDFR also included to enhance and strengthen diplo- ner talks; firstly by Tan Sri Mohd. several programmes specifically matic skills of Heads of Mission and Radzi Abdul Rahman, Secretary designed for the spouses. Among their spouses. In line with these ob- General of the Ministry of Foreign them were a cooking demonstration jectives, IDFR had arranged nume- Affairs Malaysia, who spoke on the by a chef lecturer, a workshop on rous modules including lectures and Expectation on the Roles of Heads effective communication, presenta- panel discussions with the Heads of Mission, secondly was a talk on tion skills and public speaking and of Divisions from the Ministry of Fo- the Global Movement of Mode- also a lecture on The Role of Spouse reign Affairs Malaysia, other agencies rates (GMM) by Tan Sri Razali Ismail, by Puan Sri Jazliza Jalaluddin, Pre- and government-link corporations. Chairman of Global Movement of sident of PERWAKILAN. Prominent and distinguished spea- Moderates Foundation (GMMF) and kers were also invited to share their finally was a talk by Tan Sri Abdul The course was officially closed by thoughts and insights on substan- Halim Ali, Chairman of Multimedia Senator A. Kohilan Pillay, Deputy tive issues related to diplomacy and Development Corporation (MDeC), Minister of Foreign Affairs where the international relations. The course who spoke on the Collaboration participants were presented with began with IDFR’s Director General, between the Public and Corporate certificates. In general, the partici- Dato’ Ku Jaafar Ku Shaari sharing his Sector. pants were pleased with the course thoughts on the Experience of a Di- and further expressed their compli- plomat during the opening dinner Apart from that, the participants had ments concerning the knowledge, talk. lecture sessions on various topics exposure and benefit that they had such as ASEAN Community toward gained throughout the course. Three panel discussions were conducted during the course. The first was a discussion on Challenges in the Middle East by Dr. Chandra Mu- zaffar, President of the International Movement for a Just World (JUST) and Dato’ Dr. Mohamed Ghazali Md. Noor, former Director of the Strate- gic Planning (IDB) Group. The second one was on Traditional and New Media by H.E. Ong Keng Yong, High Commissioner of Singapore to Ma- laysia and Mr. Kamarul Bahrin Haron, Anchor of Sudut Pandang, Vantage Point and Analysis at Astro Awani. The final discussion was on Econo- mic Diplomacy by Dato’ M. Redzuan Kushairi, Deputy Chairman of Foreign Policy Study Group (FPSG) and Dr. Sufian Jusoh, Manager of World Trade Institute (WTI) Consulting in Malaysia.

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Pre-Posting Orientation Course for Officers and Spouses under Sistem Pentadbiran Kerajaan Malaysia di Luar Negara (SPKM) 3/2012 The third series of the Pre-Posting Orientation Course for Officers and Spouses under Sistem Pentadbiran Kerajaan Malaysia di Luar Negara (SPKM) started on 2 July 2012 and concluded on 13 July 2012. The course was attended by 45 participants, including officers from Immigration Department, Malaysian Investment Development Authority (MIDA), Ministry of Defence, Royal Customs, Malaysian External Trade Development Corporation (MATRADE), Ministry of International Missions. This was mainly to prepare able to witness the Royal Address Trade and Industry (MITI), Public the officers for their functions, duties by HRH Raja Dr. Nazrin, which was Service Department (JPA), Majlis and responsibilities when they are at also HRH’s first official appearance Agama Islam Selangor and the post in the future. In addition, modules as the Royal Patron of the Institute. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and their on culture, grooming, etiquette, The participants were also privi- spouses. language and official reception and leged to have an interactive session entertaining were also included to with Puan Sri Jazliza Jalaludin, Throughout the course, the par- polish the participants’ social and President of the Ladies Association ticipants went through sessions diplomatic skills. of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which focused on matters related to Malaysia (PERWAKILAN), on the administration, management, security, In this third series, the participants roles, functions and responsibilities finance, protocol and auditing at were very fortunate as they were of spouses at Missions.

Language Courses

A four-day course entitled Effective The English for Communication Emphasis was given to the correct Writing Skills was held from 23 to 26 course was held for Executive Offi- use of grammar particularly in the April 2012. The nineteen participants cers and Personal Assistants of the following areas – tenses, subject- who attended this course came from Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This two- verb agreement, and sentence skills. various government departments day course was conducted in two Awareness raising activities of prob- and ministries, namely the Ministry batches, the first from 11 to 12 June lem sounds in English pronunciation of Rural and Regional Development, 2012 and the second from 18 to 19 were also dealt with. the Ministry of Natural Resources June 2012. The first group comprised Sarawak, the Ministry of Education, 22 participants while the second had On the whole, the course participants the Ministry of Natural Resources and 25 participants. were eager to improve and immersed Environment, the Ministry of Home Af- themselves in all the activities and fairs, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, This course aimed at enhancing exercises. The majority of them how- the Ministry of Human Resources, the the participants’ proficiency and ever felt that the course was too short Ministry of Defence, The Royal Malay- confidence level in using the lan- and that there should be opportunities sian Police, Dewan Bahasa dan Pus- guage particularly at the work place. for them to attend more such courses. taka and the National Sports Institute.

The aim of this course was to develop the participants’ competence and skills in writing and editing their own work as well as those of others. The course included topics like The Wri- ting Process, Purposeful Paragraphs, Sentence Skills, Grammar for Writing, Shaping Strong Sentences, Editing and Proofreading. Effective Writing Skills

DIPLOMATIC VOICE | 23 NEWS

Study Visit to the Parliament of Malaysia

kind enough to take us on a guided tour. We learnt a lot from the tour. Among other things, we learnt about the “The Royal Stairs” or the “Once a Year Stairs”. This flight of stairs is exclusively used by the Seri Paduka Baginda Yang Dipertuan Agong and his Consort when they make their way to the Dewan Rakyat to officially open the new term of Parliament. Since this occasion only occurs once a year, the stairs are thus closed at all other times. Thus, the various names accorded to the stairs.

The visit to the Parliament was a truly memorable one. We learnt a lot about the inner workings of the Parliament during the visit. It was also a historically and visually entertaining visit. We were even able to see some of the “superstars” of The Malaysian Parliament is the Parliament (MPs) in the Dewan, it the local political scene such as our legislative making body of this country. was still a pleasure to watch the Prime Minister, Cabinet Ministers and Briefly, it consists of the King or more proceedings from a bird’s eye view some MPs. Standing at the epicenter commonly known as the Seri Paduka of the gallery. Watching democracy of Malaysian democracy was a true Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong in action live was inspiring. However, inspiration for all of us. We would like (YDPA), the House of Representatives the large number of visitors to the to thank IDFR for making this visit and the Senate. The main functions Parliament on that day meant that we possible. of Parliament include law-making, could only watch the proceedings for the approval of the annual budget a short while before making way for By Lim Hui Chin and Navinthar as well as the scrutiny, debate and the next group. Gunasegran, students of IDFR-UKM questioning of government policies Master of Social Science (Strategy and administration. That was however, not the end of and Diplomacy) Programme, session our visit. Mr. Ahmad Faizal Mohd. 2011/2012 The Master Students of IDFR (Session Soaudi, a Parliament officer, was 2011/2012) were given an opportunity to visit the Malaysian Parliament on 9 April 2012. It was the first visit for most of us and a visit we were all looking forward to. Led by Mr. Nafizal Haris Ismail, IDFR’s Assistant Director of the Regional and Security Studies Division, the eight of us and two IDFR interns left IDFR that Monday morning to head to the Parliament.

After having breakfast in the Parliament’s canteen, we lined up to enter the public gallery of the Dewan Rakyat (the Malaysian House of Representatives). Our group was the first one allowed into the Dewan. Armed with a copy of the day’s Order Paper, we entered, bowed to the Speaker and took our seats. Although there were only a few Members of

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26th Asia Pacific Roundtable Organised by ISIS Malaysia

The 26th Asia Pacific Roundtable matters of governance in Asia. The that more students be given the op- (APR) was held from 28 to 30 May hot topic of Myanmar was also tac- portunity to attend such roundta- 2012 at the InterContinental Hotel kled with gusto at the roundtable, bles and other events in the years to Kuala Lumpur. It was envisaged to with speakers from the Myanmar come. avail platforms for politicians, prac- Foreign Ministry as well as experts titioners and scholars in the fields of on the matter presenting their views By Muhammed Mboob, student of IDFR- politics, security and regional stu- on the possibilities and prospects of UKM Master of Social Science (Strategy dies to exhaustively discuss wide the political reforms there. The rise and Diplomacy) Programme, session ranging developments occurring in of China and the reaction of other 2011/2012 the ASEAN region and in the inter- actors to it was also a key topic that national arenas. was thoroughly discussed.

The theme of the 26th APR was Representatives from IDFR inclu- Asian Security, Governance and Or- ded Dato’ Ku Jaafar Ku Shaari, Mr. der. The Honourable Prime Minister, Vasudiwan Narayanan, Director of Dato' Sri Mohd. Najib Tun Haji Ab- the Regional and Security Studies dul Razak was the guest of honour. Division and Ms. Alina Murni Md. In his keynote address to the de- Isa, Senior Deputy Director of the legates and speakers, the Honour- Academic Studies, Research and able Prime Minister stressed on the Publication Division. With a view to need for a revolution and evolution expose the participants of its IDFR- in thinking on how to perceive the UKM Master Degree programme in current security, political and eco- Strategy and Diplomacy to the latest nomic developments transpiring in developments in politics, regional the Asian Continent and around the and security studies, the Institute globe. He tasked the participants of graciously invited two Master stu- the roundtable, that inter alia, their dents to attend the roundtable, and recommendations should demon- I was one of the lucky two. strate an in-depth appreciation of the current realities in the region and As Master students, it was an incre- succinctly discuss issues of com- dible opportunity for my coursemate mon concerns both at regional and and I to learn from reputable experts international levels. He furthered and practitioners. We were able to that, gauging from the vast spe- grasp the concepts and discussions cialisations and competence of the conducted at the roundtable due to experts participating at the round- our exposure to such topics during table, discussions and subsequent our lectures. We even had the op- recommendations that would ensue portunity to chat with several distin- in the course of the two days be an guished academicians and authors indispensible reference point for whose work we have read before. policy formulation at the level of go- This provided us with an insight into vernments in the region. the real world of diplomacy. We were also able to exchange contacts with The topics covered in the round- some of these distinguished per- table ranged from security issues sonalities. It was truly an enjoyable affecting Asia to ASEAN regional- two-day programme that brought tre- ism issues to modes of governance mendous benefit to us. in Asian countries to the role of non-state actors in Asia. The spea- We would like to thank Dato’ Ku kers who presented their papers at Jaafar Ku Shaari for giving us the the roundtable came from various opportunity to attend the roundtable. backgrounds, ranging from ambas- Many thanks also to IDFR officers sadors to military commanders and and staff for helping us prepare for distinguished academics. The for- the event. mer Prime Minister, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad was also a speaker in one Cognizant of the importance of such of the plenary sessions. He spoke on a forum, we wish to humbly suggest

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Study Visit to Langkawi Island– A Reflection

with a better understanding of the efforts being undertaken to transform Langkawi into a tourism hub.

On the third day of our study visit, we were taken to the Wang Kelian immigration post at the Malaysia-Thailand border. There, it was good to learn that relations between Malaysia and Thailand are as good as they are, and that they respect us just as much as we respect them. A bus trip on Jalan Kesban which is parallel to the fence of the international border A study visit to the legendary gles there when it turned out that was an exciting one since only a Langkawi Island was organised by we do not actually feed them the handful of people have been given IDFR for its Master students together way we thought we would... with the opportunity to travel on it since it with several of the Institute’s staff and food in our hands! The boat-driver- is a Security Road. While we hear of a UKM lecturer from 22 to 24 June cum-guide would throw pieces of our international borders, it was nice 2012. The island was chosen due to chicken skin into the water and the to see the physical representations its uniqueness as its location is es- eagles would dive for them and fly of these lines. sential in geopolitical factors and away happily with the free meal. At also as the entrance to the busiest some point, it started to rain hea- All in all, the itinerary of the study visit straits in the world, the Straits of Ma- vily and all of us in the boat were was properly planned and spaced lacca. drenched. out nicely, but more that the information and knowledge gained, one We were told that the island’s name The ride to the top of Mount Machin- of the best parts of the trip was the is a combination of two words. Lang cang by cable car was a breathta- strengthening of bonds between which is short for helang or eagle king experience. The steep ride over us. We have been coursemates for and Kawi which means red stones. the rainforest canopy was a scary about a year, and we have become According to the book, The Legends one for a few of us, but the view was quite close. This trip allowed us to of Langkawi by Tun Mohamed Zahir beautiful and never dull. build better relations amongst our- Ismail however, the term ‘Langkawi’ selves. The camaraderie and friend- is a combination of two Sanskrit On the second day, we visited the ship is something we will always words, Langka (beauty) and Wi (in- Royal Malaysian Navy Area Com- share regardless of where we are numerable). We are not sure which mand 3 Headquarters. There, we in the world, and this in itself may one is the truth. But for us, what is gained insights into the state of se- strengthen international relations. unique about the island is two former curity along the Straits of Malacca. Malaysian Prime Ministers had The visit to the Naval Base was very By Commander Zahari Samsuri and served on the island. The late Tunku exciting, as it was something civi- M George Zachariah, students of IDFR- Abdul Rahman, who was the first lians are rarely allowed to do. We UKM Master of Social Science (Strategy Prime Minister, was appointed as then went to the Langkawi Develop- and Diplomacy) Programme, session a District Officer in Langkawi in the ment Authority (LADA). The briefing 2011/2012 1950s and Tun Dr. Mahathir Moha- at LADA was informative and we left mad, the fourth Prime Minister was posted as a doctor to the local hos- pital in the 1970s.

On the first day there, we went to the Kilim Geopark and Mount Machincang. The trip to the Kilim Geopark which was listed as a Uni- ted Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Geopark in 2007 was a fun one. We were still sceptical about how safe it would be to feed the ea-

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Panel Discussion on Economic Diplomacy by Darshini Subramaniam

A panel discussion on Economic Di- various state actors in today’s era of vernment to the private sector and plomacy was held at IDFR on 8 May rapid globalisation and information, non-State actors such as influen- 2012. Panellists from the academic communication and technology. tial international organisations (IO) sector, namely Dato’ Dr. Mohd. Yusof and non-governmental organisa- Ahmad, Principal Fellow and Direc- Dato’ Dr. Mohd Yusof commented tions (NGOs). As globalisation ad- tor of the Institute of ASEAN Studies that the classical definition of Eco- vances, more actors are involved and Global Affairs (INSPAG), Uni- nomic Diplomacy itself has evolved in Economic Diplomacy. Their ac- versiti Teknologi MARA and Dato’ M. since the Cold War era right to the tivities go beyond seeking to influ- Redzuan Kushairi, Deputy Chairman current day. Significant events and ence national policies since they of the Foreign Policy Study Group changes at the systemic level have now combine to operate transna- (FPSG) were invited to present their shaped and transformed its defini- tionally. views and comments. The session tion. Today, Economic Diplomacy was attended by the Diploma in Di- has risen to the top of international The session ended with a discus- plomacy (DiD) participants. policy and is of top most priority to sion on the roles and functions of all States. States, through their res- the Ministry of Foreign Affairs today. The discussion, which was based pective governments, try to make Dato’ Dr. Mohd Yusof stressed that on a presentation by Dato’ M. Red- their policies more efficient and res- with the evolution, there is a need zuan Kushairi, focused on the evolu- pond to the increasing pressure for for modifications of traditional roles tion of Economic Diplomacy as well greater democratic and transpa- and responsibilities of the Ministry. as the roles and functions of minis- rent governance all in the desire to It is no longer the sole guardian of tries and agencies in implementing achieve progress. diplomacy; instead they are con- Economic Diplomacy. The discus- structively engaging non-State ac- sion also touched on the challenges Rapid globalisation has effectively tors through cooperation and con- to Economic Diplomacy faced by shifted economic power from go- sultations.

Talk on Social Etiquette and Social Behaviour by Rosfazidah Razi Varathau Rajoo On 10 May 2012, IDFR was honoured cial in shaping a well-rounded diplo- the participants and used a role-play to welcome YAM Tunku Dara Tan Sri mat and to facilitate the participants approach which made the two-hour Dato’ Seri Naquiah to the Institute. in completing the tasks and respon- session more interesting. YAM Tunku was invited to share her sibilities given, especially in the inter- wide experience on social etiquette national arena. At the end of the session, the par- and social behaviour with the DiD ticipants expressed their apprecia- participants in a talk entitled Image The DiD participants were exposed tion for YAM Tunku’s willingness in and the Professional Diplomat. to topics such as Do’s and Don’ts sharing her extensive experiences, in Social Etiquette and Social Be- thoughts and wisdom in the pro- The session was aimed at equipping haviour, Social Conversation, Art of tocol field. The session provided the participants with the necessary Small Talk, and Personal Grooming the participants with a better un- knowledge and skills on social eti- and Dress Sense. YAM Tunku also derstanding of social etiquette and quette and behaviour which are cru- encouraged active participation from social behaviour.

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Interpersonal Skills and Cross Cultural Communication Module by Jarin Sijaya Abdul Hathi

The session was very interactive and without having to look into the eyes the participants were amazed by his of the audience; look straight at the friendly yet energetic approach in forehead of the audience. This would teaching the technique of emcee- help if you are too nervous to look at ing. According to several studies, the audience. “people’s number one fear is public speaking. Number two is death”. The second day of the module was With Dato’ Mahadzir’s precious tips, on cross cultural communication. the participants now know how to Dato’ Mahadzir used simple and fun overcome their fear of public speak- ways such as games to impart points ing and believe they would be able across to the participants. The partici- to emcee confidently with correct pants enjoyed the session and began It was a dream come true for the DiD pronunciation and good voice pro- to understand the importance of cross participants to learn from the multi- jection. cultural communication in their jour- talented personality, Dato’ Mahadzir ney towards becoming a successful Lokman, during the Interpersonal Some of the important tips that Dato’ diplomat. Believing in the quote by Skills and Cross Cultural Commu- Mahadzir gave to overcome the Mahatma Gandhi, “An ounce of prac- nication module held from 29 to 30 nervousness during emceeing is to tice is worth more than tons of preach- May 2012 at IDFR. The course pro- hold both sides of the rostrum and to ing”, Dato’ Mahadzir got the partici- vided significant and invaluable un- take a deep breath before speaking. pants involved in a simulation activity. derstanding pertaining to emceeing He also emphasised that we should This strategy really helped to improve and cross cultural communication. speak from the heart. Expressions the performance of each participant. Interpersonal skills are integral to such as “Please rise to welcome” effective diplomacy and the partici- should be used instead of “Please The two-day course was truly be- pants were fortunate to learn these stand”. Pronunciation is a crucial neficial. The wisdom, experience and essential skills from the outstanding part in emceeing. He highlighted guidance that Dato’ Mahadzir shared Dato’ Mahadzir. the wrong pronunciation that some with the participants definitely left an Malaysians tend to make and de- impact on them. As Dato’ Mahadzir On the first day of the module, Dato’ monstrated the correct pronunciation. said, “to be a good emcee, speak Mahadzir Lokman shared his wisdom Another important tip that Dato’ Ma- from your heart”, and that is what the and experience on being a good and hadzir gave was on how to give the DiD participants will try to master from professional master of ceremony. impression of constant eye-contact this module.

Attachment at the Parliament and Constituencies

For the first time, the DiD participants Most of the participants were already were tasked to serve under several familiar with the type of work at selected Members of Parliament Parliament as each ministry and (MPs) of Malaysia’s Barisan Nasional agency has its own schedule that Backbenchers Council (BNBBC) from requires its officer on duty to provide 11 to 16 June 2012. The attachment the relevant answers for each programme is one of the new modules question posted to their respective introduced by IDFR for the programme. ministers. On the other hand, working as a special officer to an MP is much The idea of having the attachment more challenging. programme started during discussions between the previous year’s DiD The participants were exposed participants and Dato’ Ismail Abd. to the real situation of Malaysian Muttalib, BNBBC Secretary and politics as well as the formation and kind of exposure enables them to several other BNBBC Committee implementation of public policy and establish networking with the MPs. Members. Through this module, the assisting the MPs with several tasks participants will gain experience involving writing and communication. The module was an excellent lesson working as a special officer to an MP The participants also had the for the participants to work with for the first four days at Parliament, opportunity to be directly involved people on the ground, to understand and the remaining two days at their in several official programmes at the real situation and to write accurate constituencies. their respective constituencies. This reports.

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International Negotiation Skills by Deborah Tan Sue Yuen

The late U.S. President, John F. Ken- Negotiation is central to diplomacy. tional Committee of the Red Cross nedy once said, “Let us never nego- We tend to assume that negotiation in negotiating the UN draft resolution tiate out of fear. But let us never fear is pitting one’s political swagger and on its Disaster Relief Organisation. to negotiate”. On 18 June 2012, the economic muscle against another The participants were challenged to DiD participants were privileged to with carefully-picked words. How- reach a consensus on the matter by have Professor Paul Meerts, Senior ever, an all-round effective negotiator employing the negotiating skills that Research Associate at Clingendael, would have a balance of interests, they had learned. otherwise known as the Netherlands power, relationship and exploration. Institute of International Relations, Professor Meerts also reminded the Following the exercise, the DiD par- deliver a lecture on International Ne- participants that negotiation is also ticipants watched the original nego- gotiation Skills. an EGOtiation. Therefore, it is advisa- tiation proceedings that took place ble to start negotiating on issues that in 1971 which was made into a BBC An expert in international negotiation are easy to solve. Although negotia- documentary entitled Space Bet- processes and with a keen interest tion is about compromise, the need ween Words. The documentary ex- in the Balkans, Professor Meerts is to be emphatic is equally important posed how laborious and painsta- also one of the editors of The Slip- to advance the country’s interests. king a negotiation can be while at the pery Slope to Genocide, a book on same time, revealed the shrewdness negotiation and identity. Relating his To further highlight the points made and determination of its negotiators. vast experience and rich knowledge during the lecture, Professor Paul of past and present conflicts – the Meerts held a simulation exercise The session with Professor Meerts Yugoslav wars of the 1990s, Indo- where each DiD participant played definitely taught the DiD participants nesia’s Konfrontasi of 1963, the Arab the role of a diplomat or representa- more than a thing or two about be- Spring and South China Sea dispute tive from, among others, the United ing an effective, fearless negotiator. of today – Professor Meerts pointed Nations (UN), the United States, the As aptly quoted by the professor, “If out that negotiation is about interest Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, you are not at the table, you are on and emotion. France, Indonesia and the Interna- the menu”.

International Negotiation Skills: Simulation Exercise by Deborah Tan Sue Yuen They came, they saw, they… Ottoman. The game itself was a the mental and practical level negotiated. Subsequent to Professor history lesson, as well as a chance for without being too mundane. Some Paul Meerts’ lecture on international the participants to alter the course of of them even discovered their negotiation skills, the DiD parti- history, albeit fictionally. Each Great fierce competitive spirit when pitted cipants were given a different Power is assigned certain number against rivals while others unearthed simulation exercise. Expecting of army units and naval fleets. And their unfound talents of strategic to negotiate on another real-life like all command-and-conquer foresight. (but dry) international resolution, games (be it on board or in reality), the participants were pleasantly these military units are to move into All in all, Diplomacy taught them that surprised when the session’s adjoining territories to attack or time is of the essence in decision- facilitator, Puan Rahimah Yeop, defend and to hold its position. making. Risk-taking, too, may be part the Director of Academic Studies, and parcel of negotiation. Ultimately, Research and Publication Division This game is an excellent example one can never act on one’s own of IDFR took a different approach at demonstrating the mechanisms of – cooperation and compromises by asking them to play the strategy negotiation. The participants formed would have to be made in order to board game, Diplomacy. and broke alliances through behind- advance one’s country’s interests. the-scenes strategic manoeuvring And certainly, trust cannot be taken Like its namesake, Diplomacy is a to gain territory. Apart from that, for granted. classic game of pure negotiation the issuing of simultaneous ‘orders’ without the use of dice or other within a time limit, challenged the These are the very elements of the elements of chance. Set in the years participants to think on their feet or game that makes Diplomacy so prior to the First World War, the DiD otherwise, forfeit a turn and thereby appealing and timeless. It counts the participants grouped themselves lose ground. late U.S. President, John F. Kennedy accordingly into the seven ‘Great and former Secretary of State, Henry Powers of Europe’ – Great Britain, The simulation exercise by way of the Kissinger among its fans. If the France, Austro-Hungary, Germany, Diplomacy board game, successfully world’s most powerful play it, what’s Italy, Imperial Russia, and the Turkish engaged the participants at both not a DiD participant to like?

DIPLOMATIC VOICE | 29 NEWS

Study Visit to the State of Melaka

Thirty members from IDFR led by Dato’ Ku Jaafar Ku Shaari had a memorable and successful study visit to the State of Melaka held from 18 to 19 June 2012. The delegation comprised senior officials, language lecturers and the DiD participants. The visit’s main objective was to highlight the close relationship and smart collaboration between the Malacca State Government and the Federal Government.

In the course of the two-day visit, the delegation had the honour to pay courtesy calls to Tun Datuk Seri Uta- ma Mohd Khalil Yaakob, Governor of Melaka as well as on Dato’ Wira Omar Kaseh, the State Secretary. The courtesy calls were held at Kompleks Seri Negeri, located in Ayer Keroh. The delegation was also brought to the delegation. Tun personally invited the Tun strongly emphasised the need to Urban Transformational Centre (UTC) delegation to his office to have a look master the art of entertaining as it is a on Jalan Hang Tuah which was re- at photos taken during his diplomatic vital part of a diplomat’s life. It is also cently officially opened by Dato’ Sri postings. He was passionate when important to have good communica- Mohd. Najib Tun Haji Abdul Razak, reliving stories about his diplomatic tion skills and be knowledgeable on Prime Minister of Malaysia, on 23 postings to Italy, Morocco, Singapore various issues. He gave a well-thought June 2012. and Indonesia and was delighted in and detailed presentation on the evo- showing framed newspaper cuttings lution of the diplomatic role through The highlight of the visit was the hum- of his days as a young career di- three different time periods; medieval, bling experience of meeting Tun, a plomat and politician. He also shared classical and modern. He said that di- former Malaysian career diplomat that as a diplomat, one should be plomacy is as old as communication and a reputable politician. As promi- able to play golf or else be good in itself. The way we communicate may nent and influential as he is to those art, of which he is good at both, as he change over time, but having excep- in the diplomatic and political world, showed us a beautiful portrait of his tional human touch will remain a cha- he spent a total of three hours with the wife painted by him. racteristic of the ideal diplomat.

Attachment at Embassy of Malaysia in Bangkok, Thailand

Dato’ Ku Jaafar Ku Shaari led a de- On the first day, the delegation paid Malaysian Investment Development legation comprising twelve partici- a courtesy call on H.E. Ambassador Authority offices. pants of the DiD, senior IDFR officials Dato’ Nazirah Hussain, Malaysia’s and the secretariat team on an at- Ambassador to Thailand, who later The delegation also visited the Mi- tachment programme at the Embas- hosted a sumptuous dinner for them nistry of Foreign Affairs of the King- sy of Malaysia in Bangkok, Thailand at the Residence. The two-day at- dom of Thailand where Dato’ Ku from 14 to 21 July 2012. tachment programme at the Malay- Jaafar Ku Shaari presented a talk sian Embassy started with a detailed on Malaysia’s Preparation for the The aim of this programme was to briefing on the general running of ASEAN Community 2012 to a group provide the DiD participants with a the Malaysian Embassy by Mr. Ta- of senior and high ranking Thai of- better understanding of the running jul Aman Mohammad, the Deputy ficials. They also paid courtesy calls of a Malaysian Mission abroad as Chief of Mission (DCM), followed by on Mr. Chalermpol Thanchitt, De- well as the important role Malaysian stints at the Consular office, Tourism puty Permanent Secretary of the Mi- diplomats play to uphold the good Malaysia, Malaysia External Trade nistry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand, name and sovereignty of the country. Development Corporation and and on H.E. Ambassador Wiwat

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Kunthonthiem, the ambassador at- 72nd anniversary of Pondok Bantan Community in 2015 at a dinner, as tached to Devawongse Varopakarn with an ASEAN theme, A Bridge for well as meeting the charismatic Tun Institute of Foreign Affairs (DVIFA), Muslim Thais towards the ASEAN Dr. Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali. the training arm of the Foreign Minis- Community made possible under try. At DVIFA, the delegation was in- the patronage of Dr. Surin Pitsuwan, Other programmes were also troduced to 24 newly-recruited Thai Secretary General of the Association lined up on the side to give a diplomats, currently undergoing a of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). better view of Thailand at its best two-week orientation programme. The event was graced by Her Royal as it moves forward in transforming Highness Princess Maha Chakri Thailand into a developed country This was followed by a visit to the Sirindhorn, who presided over the status. Among the places of interest United Nations Economic and Social opening ceremony and graciously visited were the Vimanmek Mansion, Commission for Asia and the Pacific delivered the keynote address on also known as Vimanmek Teak Man- (ESCAP), the regional development the education of the private Islamic sion, a former royal palace located arm of the United Nations for the schools under the royal patronage. in the Dusit Palace complex as well Asia-Pacific region, where the de- as the Ananta Samakhom Throne legation was briefed on the issues The highlight of the visit was listen- Hall which once served as a former and work carried out by ESCAP. ing to Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad reception hall within the Dusit delivering his special address Palace and now serves as a mu- The delegation was accorded VIP on The Challenges of Modernity seum and is used on certain state status at an event celebrating the and Globalisation to the ASEAN occasions.

Attachment at Embassy of Malaysia in Jakarta, Indonesia

Twelve participants from the DiD programme completed a week-long attachment programme at the Embassy of Malaysia in Jakarta, Indonesia led by Ambassador Aminahtun Hj. A. Ka- rim, Deputy Director General of IDFR.

Jakarta was selected mainly because it is the largest Malaysian Mission abroad, where Malaysia’s Perma- nent Mission to ASEAN is based and where most attachés from the Ma- laysian Government agencies are represented. The objective of the attachment programme was to provide the participants with the knowledge, exposure and familiarisation with the operations and daily conduct of the embassy as well as the Permanent themselves physically, intellectually be invited to the launch of the Stra- Mission of Malaysia to ASEAN. and emotionally to defend our natio- tegic Review Forum entitled Peace nal interests while enhancing bilateral and Reconciliation in Southeast Asia Throughout the attachment pro- and regional relations. where Indonesia’s President Susilo gramme, the embassy officials im- Bambang Yudhoyono delivered the parted their knowledge on adminis- Study visits and dialogue sessions keynote address. tration and finance, consular matters, were also conducted; among them bilateral relations and politics, cus- were the sessions at the ASEAN Se- The attachment programme was toms and immigration, tourism, edu- cretariat, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs both invaluable and crucial to better cation as well as ASEAN issues. At of the Republic of Indonesia (KEMLU) understand Indonesia – Malaysia’s the end of their attachment, the par- and IDFR’s Indonesian counterpart, closest neighbour – who is playing ticipants had a newfound admiration the Centre for Education and Train- an increasingly important role in the for the Malaysian officers serving ing (PUSDIKLAT). In addition, the diplomatic arena of ASEAN and the abroad who continuously challenge participants were also privileged to Asia-Pacific.

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Upcoming Courses / Events at IDFR*

Visit by Foreign Service Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bangladesh 2 August 2012 Registration of IDFR-UKM Master in Social Science session 2012/2013 4 August 2012

13th Asian Bioethics Conference 27 - 30 August 2012 Strategic Negotiation for Officials of The Work Groups under 3 - 14 September 2012 The Joint Ministerial Committee for Iskandar Malaysia Strategic Analysis for International Participants (MTCP) 3 - 21 September 2012 Conversational Malay 4 September - 8 November 2012

Orientation Course for Spouses of Malaysian Diplomats 5 September 2012 (Perks and Privileges; Royal Protocol)

Mid Career Courses for Diplomats 10 - 22 September 2012

Diplomatic Training Course for Diplomats from the Republic of Libya 10 - 22 September 2012 Orientation Course for Spouses of Malaysian Diplomats 19 September 2012 (Emotional and Stress Management; Official Entertaining)

Effective Presentation Skills 25 - 28 September 2012 International Relations Module for DPA Participants 1/2012 1 - 6 October 2012 Diplomatic Training Course for International Participants 2/2012 1 - 19 October 2012

ASEAN Anniversary Forum 5 October 2012 Diploma in Diplomacy 2012 Graduation Ceremony 8 October 2012 Orientation Course for Spouses of Malaysian Diplomats 10 October 2012 (Communication Skill; Reception and Official Entertaining-Practicum) Building Blocks of Good English 15 - 19 October 2012 Foreign Investment Protection and Domestic Policy Goals 18 October 2012

Orientation Course for Spouses of Malaysian Diplomats 24 October 2012 (Cooking Demonstration and Practicum) Pre-Posting Orientation Course for Officers and Spouses under 29 October - 9 November 2012 Sistem Pentadbiran Kerajaan Malaysia di Luar Negara (SPKM) 4/2012 *Subject to changes

Best Wishes

To our colleagues celebrating their birthday in July, To our colleagues, who left us with pleasant memories August and September Rodziah Abdul – joined SUHAKAM

July Siti Najmah Zakaria – transferred to Gombak District Office Noraini, Romancitta Natalie, Roziyana, Syamsul Jaganathan A/L Krishnasamy – transferred to Royal Malaysian Customs Department, Putrajaya August Abdul Rashid Bidin – transferred to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Joyce, Mat Basir, Nina Sharida, Ridzuan, Rosmahyuddin, Raja Azrin, Sapuri, Shermawaty To our colleagues, who had a ‘visit from the stork’ recently September Lim Juay Jin, Fara Aida, Yusri Alif An Naz, Alina, Fairuz Omar, Masri, Norhawati, Sharulbariah, Zaki, Zarina, Zurainee To our colleague, who recently took the vow of matrimony Azrul Efendy

Editorial Committee Patron: Ambassador Dato’ Ku Jaafar Ku Shaari Contributors: M George Zachariah, Commander Zahari Samsuri, Hui Advisor: Ambassador Aminahtun Haji A. Karim Chin Lim, Muhammed Mboob, Navinthar Gunasegran, Ahmad Shazril Editor: Rahimah Yeop Suhaimi, Darshini Subramaniam, Jarin Sijaya Abdul Hathi, Rosfazidah Editorial Team: Alina Murni Md. Isa Noraini Nong Razi Varathau Rajoo, Deborah Tan Sue Yuen Dzuita Mohamed

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