Steven Pifer Steven Pifer Is Director of the Brookings Arms Control Initiative and a Senior Fellow at the Brookings Center on the United States and Europe

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Steven Pifer Steven Pifer is director of the Brookings Arms Control Initiative and a senior fellow at the Brookings Center on the United States and Europe. He focuses on arms control, Russia and Ukraine. He has offered commentary regarding these issues on CNN, Fox News, CNBC, BBC, National Public Radio and VOA, and his articles have appeared in the Washington Post, International Herald Tribune and Boston Globe, among others. A retired foreign service officer, his more than 25 years with the State Department focused on U.S. relations with the former Soviet Union and Europe, as well as arms control and security issues. He served as deputy assistant secretary of state in the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs with responsibilities for Russia and Ukraine (2001-2004), U.S. ambassador to Ukraine (1998-2000), and special assistant to the president and senior director for Russia, Ukraine and Eurasia on the National Security Council (1996-1997). In addition to Ukraine, he served at the U.S. embassies in Warsaw, Moscow and London as well as with the U.S. delegation to the negotiation on intermediate-range nuclear forces in Geneva. Ambassador Pifer’s publications include “Missile Defense in Europe: Cooperation or Contention?” Brookings Arms Control Series Paper #8 (May 2012); “Ukraine’s Perilous Balancing Act,” Current History (March 2012); “NATO, Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control,” Brookings Arms Control Series Paper #7 (July 2011); “The Next Round: The United States and Nuclear Arms Reductions After New START,” Brookings Arms Control Series Paper #4 (November 2010); “Ukraine’s Geopolitical Choice, 2009,” Eurasian Geography and Economics (July 2009); “Reversing the Decline: An Agenda for U.S.-Russian Relations in 2009,” Brookings paper (January 2009). | 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036 | 202.797.6000 | fax 202.797.6004 | brookings edu .

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Steven Pifer
Foreign Policy at BROOKINGS POLICY PAPER Number 10, January 2009 Reversing the Decline: An Agenda for U.S.-Russian Relations in 2009 Steven Pifer The Brookings Institution 1775 Massachusetts Ave., NW Washington, D.C. 20036 brookings.edu Foreign Policy at BROOKINGS POLICY PAPER Number 10, January 2009 Reversing the Decline: An Agenda for U.S.-Russian Relations in 2009 Steven Pifer Acknowledgements am grateful to John Beyrle, Ian Kelly, Michael O’Hanlon, Carlos I Pascual, Theodore Piccone, Strobe Talbott and Alexander Versh- bow for the comments and suggestions that they provided on earlier drafts of this paper. I would also like to express my appreciation to Gail Chalef and Ian Livingston for their assistance. Finally, I would like to thank Daniel Benjamin and the Center on the United States and Europe for their support. Foreign Policy at Brookings iii Table of Contents Introduction and Summary . 1 The Decline in U.S.-Russia Relations . 3 What Does Russia Want? .................................. 7 An Agenda for Engaging Russia in 2009 . 11 Implementing the Agenda .................................21 Endnotes............................................... 25 Foreign Policy at Brookings v Introduction and Summary s the Bush administration comes to a close, Building areas of cooperation not only can advance AU.S.-Russian relations have fallen to their low- specific U.S. goals, it can reduce frictions on other est level since the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991. issues. Further, the more there is to the bilateral re- Unresolved and problematic issues dominate the lationship, the greater the interest it will hold for Rus- agenda, little confidence exists between Washington sia, and the greater the leverage Washington will have and Moscow, and the shrill tone of official rhetoric with Moscow.
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Ukraine, Russia and the U.S. Policy Response
The Senate Foreign Relations Committee Statement for the Record Ukraine, Russia and the U.S. Policy Response Steven Pifer Senior Fellow, Center on the United States and Europe The Brookings Institution June 5, 2014 1 Ukraine, Russia and the U.S. Policy Response Introduction Mr. Chairman, Senator Corker, distinguished members of the Committee, thank you for the opportunity to appear today to testify on the Ukraine-Russia crisis and how the United States should respond. As Ukraine struggles through the ongoing crisis, Ukrainians went to the polls in large numbers on May 25 in an election that observers agreed met international democratic standards. Petro Poroshenko will take office on June 7 with renewed democratic legitimacy, having won a clear mandate from the Ukrainian electorate. The president-elect faces significant challenges. He must find a way to manage eastern Ukraine, where clashes continue between armed separatists and government forces. He must oversee implementation of the economic reforms to which Ukraine agreed in its program with the International Monetary Fund. He must address the important questions of decentralization of power and political reform. Mr. Poroshenko also faces the major challenge of dealing with Russia. Although Vladimir Putin said that Russia would respect the will of the Ukrainian electorate, Russian actions suggest a different approach. There is no evidence that Moscow has used its considerable influence with the armed separatists in Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts (provinces) to urge them to deescalate the crisis. Numerous reports indicate that arms, supplies and fighters cross from Russia into Ukraine, something that Russian border guards could interdict.
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As Its Business Empire Expands, Yanukovych Clan Targets Top Oligarchs
INSIDE: l Ukrainians carol for Canadian leader of Opposition – page 4 l Report on ‘The Ukrainian Diaspora Religion Survey’ – page 9 l Community Chronicle: New York, New Jersey, Florida – page 11 THEPublished U by theKRAINIAN Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal W non-profit associationEEKLY Vol. LXXXI No. 6 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 2013 $1/$2 in Ukraine As its business empire expands, Yanukovych clan targets top oligarchs by Zenon Zawada Special to The Ukrainian Weekly KYIV – The ever-expanding business empire of Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych is now preying on top oligarchs, forcing them to sell their business assets to family interests and cease their political activity. Some have decided to cash in their chips, while others have reached backroom deals or are trying to. In January, former First Vice Prime Minister Valerii Khoroshkovskyi sold the Inter television network, Ukraine’s largest, before seeking exile in Europe. Kharkiv mega-millionaire Oleksander Yaroslavskyi said he was forced to sell his Metalist soccer club and won’t do busi- Andrey Skakodub/UNIAN Vladimir Andreev/UNIAN ness in the city again. Valerii Khoroshkovskyi, whose Vladimir Gontar/UNIAN Oleksander Yaroslavskyi, whose esti- Meanwhile, the slow death of Aerosvit airlines is widely wealth is estimated at $395 million, Igor Kolomoisky, whose estimated mated wealth is $940 million, said he believed to be an elaborate attempt by its billionaire is widely believed to have been wealth is $3.4 billion, is widely was forced to sell his Metalist soccer owner, Igor Kolomoisky, to evade being swallowed up by forced to sell his television networks believed to be fighting off an attempt club by Kharkiv City Council Chair the Yanukovych business clan, which is voraciously pursu- before leaving Ukraine.
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The Trilateral Process: the United States, Ukraine, Russia and Nuclear Weapons
Foreign Policy at BROOKINGS The TrilaterAl ProCess: The United States, Ukraine, russia and Nuclear Weapons The Brookings Institution 1775 Massachusetts Ave., NW Steven Pifer Washington, D.C. 20036 Arms Control Series brookings.edu Paper 6 • May 2011 Foreign Policy at BROOKINGS The TrilaTeral Process: The United states, Ukraine, russia and Nuclear Weapons Steven Pifer arms control series Paper 6 • May 2011 Acknowledgements I would like to express my deep gratitude to tents, characterizations and views are my own and Oleksander Chaliy, Sherman Garnett, Natalia Kra- do not necessarily represent the official positions of vets, Valeriy Kuchinskiy, William Miller, Igor Nev- the United States government. erov, Theodore Piccone, Roman Popadiuk, James Schumaker, Nikolai Sokov, Strobe Talbott and James I appreciate Gail Chalef’s assistance in the paper’s Timbie for taking the time to review earlier drafts editing and production. Finally, I am very grateful of this paper and for their helpful comments. I am to the MacArthur Foundation and Ploughshares also grateful to Paul Hilburn and the Department of Fund for their generous support for this paper and State for the expeditious review of the manuscript for other activities of the Brookings Arms Control for declassification purposes. Of course, the con- Initiative. ForeigN Policy aT BrookiNgs • A r m s C o n t ro l s e r i es The TrilaTeral Process: t h e U n i t e d s tAt es , U k rA i n e , r U ss i A A n d n uc l e A r W e A p o n s ii Table of Contents Acknowledgments ..........................................................
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Telephone Directory
United States Department of State Telephone Directory Fall 2001 Table of Contents Emergency Telephone Numbers.........................................................Inside Cover Fire Alarm System................................................................................................iv Security Contact List .............................................................................................v Telephone User’s Guide..............................................................User’s Guide 1–6 Organizational Directories Department of State ................................................................................... State–1 Agency for International Development ..........................................................AID–1 Broadcasting Board of Governors ............................................................... BBG–1 Trade and Development Agency................................................................. TDA–1 Overseas Private Investment Corporation..................................................OPIC–1 Alphabetical Listing of Department of State Employees ................................................... A–1 Foreign Service Post Information Key Officers of Foreign Service Posts.............................................................. F–1 Local Holidays................................................................................................ F–46 World Time Table........................................................................................... F–61 Secure Telephone Directory..........................................................................
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H. Res. 755, Articles of Impeachment Against President Donald J. Trump Volume Xi
MARKUP OF: H. RES. 755, ARTICLES OF IMPEACHMENT AGAINST PRESIDENT DONALD J. TRUMP VOLUME XI HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION DECEMBER 11–13, 2019 Serial No. 116–69 Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary ( Available http://judiciary.house.gov or www.govinfo.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 39–411 WASHINGTON : 2020 VerDate Sep 11 2014 18:18 Jan 21, 2020 Jkt 039411 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 E:\HR\OC\39411P1.XXX 39411P1 tkelley on DSKBCP9HB2PROD with HEARING COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY JERROLD NADLER, New York, Chairman ZOE LOFGREN, California DOUG COLLINS, Georgia, Ranking Member SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., STEVE COHEN, Tennessee Wisconsin HENRY C. ‘‘HANK’’ JOHNSON, JR., Georgia STEVE CHABOT, Ohio THEODORE E. DEUTCH, Florida LOUIE GOHMERT, Texas KAREN BASS, California JIM JORDAN, Ohio CEDRIC L. RICHMOND, Louisiana KEN BUCK, Colorado HAKEEM S. JEFFRIES, New York JOHN RATCLIFFE, Texas DAVID N. CICILLINE, Rhode Island MARTHA ROBY, Alabama ERIC SWALWELL, California MATT GAETZ, Florida TED LIEU, California MIKE JOHNSON, Louisiana JAMIE RASKIN, Maryland ANDY BIGGS, Arizona PRAMILA JAYAPAL, Washington TOM MCCLINTOCK, California VAL BUTLER DEMINGS, Florida DEBBIE LESKO, Arizona J. LUIS CORREA, California GUY RESCHENTHALER, Pennsylvania MARY GAY SCANLON, Pennsylvania, BEN CLINE, Virginia Vice-Chair KELLY ARMSTRONG, North Dakota SYLVIA R. GARCIA, Texas W. GREGORY STEUBE, Florida JOE NEGUSE, Colorado LUCY MCBATH, Georgia GREG STANTON, Arizona MADELEINE DEAN, Pennsylvania DEBBIE MUCARSEL-POWELL, Florida VERONICA ESCOBAR, Texas PERRY APELBAUM, Majority Staff Director & Chief Counsel BRENDAN BELAIR, Minority Staff Director (II) VerDate Sep 11 2014 18:18 Jan 21, 2020 Jkt 039411 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 E:\HR\OC\39411P1.XXX 39411P1 tkelley on DSKBCP9HB2PROD with HEARING C O N T E N T S VOLUME XI DECEMBER 11–13, 2019 A.
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What Provokes Putin's Russia?
January 2020 Perspective EXPERT INSIGHTS ON A TIMELY POLICY ISSUE STEPHANIE PEZARD, ASHLEY L. RHOADES What Provokes Putin’s Russia? Deterring Without Unintended Escalation eterrence, defined as the effort to compel a state to renounce or abandon an intended aggression, presents an inherent dilemma.1 While it purports to prevent aggression, a deterrent effort that is too heavy-handed—or appears Dto represent an existential threat to the potential aggressor—might prompt the precise response that it sought to avoid in the first place. In the context of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)–Russia relations, deterring without provok- ing requires an understanding of what Russia considers to be redlines, defined as those triggers that Russian leadership claims cannot be crossed without provoking a major reaction or hostile response on their part. Deterrence efforts can then stay below that line, visibly increasing the costs of aggression for Russia in relation to the benefits it hopes to gain, and limiting its options for harmful action without unin- tentionally escalating the situation and forcing it into an all-out response. Yet a logical consequence of the argument above is that a potential aggressor always has an interest in exaggerating what constitutes a “provocation” or multi- plying redlines to limit its opponent’s range of options. Pushed to its extreme, this C O R P O R A T I O N strategy evokes the concept of “brinkmanship” popular- 2019) and future deterrence efforts on the part of the ized by Thomas Shelling,2 or the “madman theory”3—both United States and NATO might collide with Russian stated of which consist of manipulating perceptions to make interests and cross its redlines.
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KENNAN INSTITUTE 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 Annual Report Tel
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza KENNAN INSTITUTE 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 Annual Report Tel. (202) 691-4100 Fax (202) 691-4247 2004–2005 www.wilsoncenter.org/kennan KENNAN INSTITUTE Kennan Institute Annual Report 2004–2005 Kennan Institute Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 T 202-691-4100 F 202-691-4247 www.wilsoncenter.org/kennan Back row (left to right): Blair A. Ruble, Edita Krunkaityte, F. Joseph Dresen, Renata Kosc-Harmatiy Front row (left to right): Summer Brown, Megan Yasenchak, Margaret Paxson, Erin Trouth Hofmann, Jennifer Giglio Kennan Institute Staff Pavel Korolev, Program Officer Blair A. Ruble, Director Anna Toker, Accountant Margaret Paxson, Senior Associate Murad Pateev, Technical Support F. Joseph Dresen, Program Associate Jennifer Giglio, Program Associate Kennan Kyiv Project Renata Kosc-Harmatiy, Program Associate Yaroslav Pylynskyi, Project Manager Summer Brown, Program Specialist Nataliya Samozvanova, Office Manager Erin Trouth Hofmann, Program Assistant Edita Krunkaityte, Program Assistant Research Interns 2004–2005 Megan Yasenchak, Program Assistant Leeza Arkhangelskaya, Jaime Atteniese, Anna Azarov, Justin Caton, Simone D’Amico, Also employed at the Kennan Institute Sheila Dawes, Jamie Durana, Adrian Erlinger, during the 2004–05 program year: Natalya Grokh, Edward Holland, Arshak Thecla Frazier, Program Assistant Hovanesian, Conway Irwin, Marina Isupov,
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This Thesis Is My First Attempt to Describe My Work at the Department
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2003-03 The strategy of Ukrainian - U.S. defense and military relations on the modern stage Verbytskyi, Serhii Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1052 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS THE STRATEGY OF UKRAINIAN – U.S. DEFENSE AND MILITARY RELATIONS ON THE MODERN STAGE by Serhii Verbytskyi March 2003 Thesis Advisor: Donald Abenheim Second Reader: Mykhail Tsypkin Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED March 2003 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE: The Strategy of Ukrainian – U.S. Defense and 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Military Relations on the Modern Stage 6. AUTHOR(S) Serhii Verbytskyi 7.
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Impeachment of President Donald John Trump The
1 116TH CONGRESS " ! DOCUMENT 2d Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 116–95 IMPEACHMENT OF PRESIDENT DONALD JOHN TRUMP THE EVIDENTIARY RECORD PURSUANT TO H. RES. 798 VOLUME X, PART 11 Transcript of December 11–13, 2019 Committee on the Judiciary Markup of: H. Res. 755, Articles of Impeach- ment Against President Donald J. Trump, Volumes I–XI Printed at the direction of Cheryl L. Johnson, Clerk of the House of Representatives, pursuant to H. Res. 798, 116th Cong., 2nd Sess. (2020) JANUARY 23, 2020.—Ordered to be printed U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 39–523 WASHINGTON : 2020 VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:31 Jan 25, 2020 Jkt 039523 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5012 Sfmt 5012 E:\HR\OC\HD095P22.XXX HD095P22 dlhill on DSKBBY8HB2PROD with HEARING E:\Seals\Congress.#13 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY JERROLD NADLER, New York, Chairman ZOE LOFGREN, California DOUG COLLINS, Georgia, Ranking Member SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., STEVE COHEN, Tennessee Wisconsin HENRY C. ‘‘HANK’’ JOHNSON, JR., Georgia STEVE CHABOT, Ohio THEODORE E. DEUTCH, Florida LOUIE GOHMERT, Texas KAREN BASS, California JIM JORDAN, Ohio CEDRIC L. RICHMOND, Louisiana KEN BUCK, Colorado HAKEEM S. JEFFRIES, New York JOHN RATCLIFFE, Texas DAVID N. CICILLINE, Rhode Island MARTHA ROBY, Alabama ERIC SWALWELL, California MATT GAETZ, Florida TED LIEU, California MIKE JOHNSON, Louisiana JAMIE RASKIN, Maryland ANDY BIGGS, Arizona PRAMILA JAYAPAL, Washington TOM MCCLINTOCK, California VAL BUTLER DEMINGS, Florida DEBBIE LESKO, Arizona J. LUIS CORREA, California GUY RESCHENTHALER, Pennsylvania MARY GAY SCANLON, Pennsylvania, BEN CLINE, Virginia Vice-Chair KELLY ARMSTRONG, North Dakota SYLVIA R. GARCIA, Texas W.
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A Strategy for Deterring Russian Nuclear De-Escalation Strikes
A Strategy for Deterring Russian Nuclear De-Escalation Strikes Matthew Kroenig A Strategy for Deterring Russian Nuclear De-Escalation Strikes Matthew Kroenig ISBN-13: 978-1-61977-539-8 Cover photo: The Ohio-class ballistic missile submarine USS Pennsylvania (SSBN 735) returns to Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor following a routine strategic deterrent patrol. The new US Nuclear Posture Review of 2018 calls for placing low-yield nuclear warheads on US submarine-launched ballistic missiles. May 6, 2016. (US Navy/Lt. Cmdr. Michael Smith). This report is written and published in accordance with the Atlantic Council Policy on Intellectual Independence. The author is solely responsible for its analysis and recommendations. The Atlantic Council and its donors do not determine, nor do they necessarily endorse or advocate for, any of this report’s conclusions. April 2018 CONTENTS Executive Summary 2 Introduction 3 The Renewed Russian Nuclear Threat 5 The Gaps in US and NATO Nuclear Strategy 8 Weighing Possible Strategic Response Options 11 Toward a Better NATO Deterrence Strategy 16 Possible Objections 19 Conclusion 21 About the Author 22 A Strategy for Deterring Russian Nuclear De-Escalation Strikes A Strategy for Deterring Russian Nuclear De-Escalation Strikes EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION ow can the United States and its NATO allies report presents an analysis of possible approaches for ow can the United States and its NATO allies NATO must convince Russia that any use of nuclear deter Russian nuclear “de-escalation” strikes? deterring Russian nuclear de-escalation strikes and for deter Russian nuclear “de-escalation” strikes? weapons will not enable Moscow to achieve its goals, Russian nuclear strategy allows for the early negating Russian nuclear coercion.
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The Power of the NPT: International Norms and Nuclear Disarmament of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine, 1990-1994
The Power of the NPT: International Norms and Nuclear Disarmament of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine, 1990-1994 By Mariana Budjeryn Submitted to Central European University Doctoral School of Political Science, Public Policy and International Relations In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Philosophy Doctor Supervisor: Professor Alexander Astrov CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2016 Abstract There is a lingering disagreement among scholars on how the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) affects nonproliferation and disarmament outcomes. Drawing on constructivist scholarship this dissertation locates the nonproliferation discourses at the cusp of domestic and international political spheres, and examines the role of the NPT in the cases of nuclear disarmament of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine. In the wake of the Soviet collapse, these newly independent states inherited parts of world’s largest nuclear arsenal and were met with the expectation of the international community to disarm and join the NPT as non-nuclear- weapons states. The three states proceeded along very different paths toward fulfilling these expectations. Engaging the previously untapped archival sources, this dissertation reconstructs the nuclear discourses in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine and argues that, while much of decision-making about the fate of their nuclear inheritance was embedded in the negotiation of their new identity as a sovereigns state vis-à-vis Russia and the West, the NPT affected their denuclearization through a range of normative mechanisms by guarding a separate normative space for nuclear possession, allocating the burden of proof, providing the normative grammar of denuclearization, and legitimizing the pressure exerted by their interlocutors to conform with the nonproliferation regime.
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