Perspective of the 1945 Constitution As a Democratic Constitution Hotma P
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INDONESIA's FOREIGN POLICY and BANTAN NUGROHO Dalhousie
INDONESIA'S FOREIGN POLICY AND ASEAN BANTAN NUGROHO Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia September, 1996 O Copyright by Bantan Nugroho, 1996 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibbgraphic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant a la National Lïbraiy of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distn'buer ou copies of this thesis in microfom, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous papa or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/fïim, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substautid extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. DEDICATION To my beloved Parents, my dear fie, Amiza, and my Son, Panji Bharata, who came into this world in the winter of '96. They have been my source of strength ail through the year of my studies. May aii this intellectual experience have meaning for hem in the friture. TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents v List of Illustrations vi Abstract vii List of Abbreviations viii Acknowledgments xi Chapter One : Introduction Chapter Two : indonesian Foreign Policy A. -
Contemporary History of Indonesia Between Historical Truth and Group Purpose
Review of European Studies; Vol. 7, No. 12; 2015 ISSN 1918-7173 E-ISSN 1918-7181 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Contemporary History of Indonesia between Historical Truth and Group Purpose Anzar Abdullah1 1 Department of History Education UPRI (Pejuang University of the Republic of Indonesia) in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Correspondence: Anzar Abdullah, Department of History Education UPRI (Pejuang University of the Republic of Indonesia) in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. E-mail: [email protected] Received: May 28, 2015 Accepted: October 13, 2015 Online Published: November 24, 2015 doi:10.5539/res.v7n12p179 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v7n12p179 Abstract Contemporary history is the very latest history at which the historic event traces are close and still encountered by us at the present day. As a just away event which seems still exists, it becomes controversial about when the historical event is actually called contemporary. Characteristic of contemporary history genre is complexity of an event and its interpretation. For cases in Indonesia, contemporary history usually begins from 1945. It is so because not only all documents, files and other primary sources have not been uncovered and learned by public yet where historical reconstruction can be made in a whole, but also a fact that some historical figures and persons are still alive. This last point summons protracted historical debate when there are some collective or personal memories and political consideration and present power. The historical facts are often provided to please one side, while disagreeable fact is often hidden from other side. -
Back in Asia: the US's TPP Initiative and Its Implications for China
Southeast Asian Journal of Social and Political Issues, Vol. 1, No. 2, March 2012 | 126 Back in Asia: the US’s TPP Initiative and its Implications for China Zhang Zhen-Jiang 张振江 (Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China) Abstract Trans-Pacific Partnership develops from the Pacific Three Closer Economic Partnership (P3-CEP) initiated by Chile, Singapore and New Zealand in 2002 and joined by Brunei in 2005. The four countries finally finished their talks and singed the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement (P4) on June 3rd, 2005. American President George W. Bush announced that the US would join TPP in late 2008. It was suspended by new American President Barrack Obama for his trade policy review. However, the US government restarted its joining efforts in late 2009 and was quickly joined by several other countries. This paper aims to investigate the origin, nature and development of TPP, analyze America’s motivations, and study its possible impacts upon the East Asian Regionalism in general and upon China in particular. Finally, the author calls for China to take the active policy to join the TPP negotiating process. Keywords: TPP, America’s Trade Policy, East Asian Regionalism, China Introduction On December 14 2009, the Office of the United States Trade Representative formally notified the Congress that Obama Administration is planning to engage with the “Trans-Pacific Partnership” (thereafter “TPP”). American government formally started the first round negotiation with Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Chile, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam in March 15-18, 2010 in Melbourne. Up to now, seven rounds of negotiations have been held (Round 2 in San Francisco in June 11-18 2010, Round 3 in Brunei in October 7-8 2010, Round 4 in Auckland in December 6-8, 2010, Round 5 in Santiago in February 14-18 2011, Round 6 in Singapore in April 2011, and Round 7 in Ho Chi Minh City in June 19-24 2011). -
Democracy and Human Security: Analysis on the Trajectory of Indonesia’S Democratization
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 456 Proceedings of the Brawijaya International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences and Technology (BICMST 2020) Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 456 Proceedings of the Brawijaya International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences and Technology (BICMST 2020) Democracy and Human Security: Analysis on the Trajectory of Indonesia’s Democratization Rika Kurniaty Department of International Law Faculty of Law, University of Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia [email protected] The concept of national security has a long Abstract—Democracy institution is believed would history, since the conclusion of the thirty-year naturally lead to greater human security. The end of cessation of war set forth in the Treaties of Westphalia communism in the Soviet Union and other countries has in 1648. National security was defined as an effort been described as the triumph of democracy throughout the world, which quickly led to claims that there is now a aimed at maintaining the integrity of a territory the right to democracy as guide principles in international state and freedom to determine the form of self- law. In Indonesia, attention to the notion of democracy government. However, with global developments and developed very rapidly in the late 1990s. In Indonesia, after 32 years of President Suharto’s authoritarian increasingly complex relations between countries and regime from 1966 to 1998, Indonesia finally began the the variety of threats faced by countries in the world, democratization phase in May 1998. It worth noting that the formulation and practice of security Indonesia has experienced four different periods of implementation tend to be achieved together different government and political systems since its (collective security) becomes an important reference independent, and all those stage of systems claim to be for countries in the world. -
“After Suharto” in Newsweek and “End of an Era” Article in Time Magazine
NEWS IDEOLOGY OF SUHARTO’S FALL EVENT IN “AFTER SUHARTO” IN NEWSWEEK AND “END OF AN ERA” ARTICLE IN TIME MAGAZINE AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By MEITA ESTININGSIH Student Number: 044214102 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2010 NEWS IDEOLOGY OF SUHARTO’S FALL EVENT IN “AFTER SUHARTO” IN NEWSWEEK AND “END OF AN ERA” ARTICLE IN TIME MAGAZINE AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By MEITA ESTININGSIH Student Number: 044214102 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2010 i ii iii A newspaper is a collection of half-injustices Which, bawled by boys from mile to mile, Spreads its curious opinion To a million merciful and sneering men, While families cuddle the joys of the fireside When spurred by tale of dire lone agony. A newspaper is a court Where every one is kindly and unfairly tried By a squalor of honest men. A newspaper is a market Where wisdom sells its freedom And melons are crowned by the crowd. A newspaper is a game Where his error scores the player victory While another's skill wins death. A newspaper is a symbol; It is feckless life's chronicle, A collection of loud tales Concentrating eternal stupidities, That in remote ages lived unhaltered, Roaming through a fenceless world. A poem by Stephen crane iv g{|á à{xá|á |á wxw|vtàxw àÉ Åç uxÄÉäxw ÑtÜxÇàá? ytÅ|Äç tÇw yÜ|xÇwá‹ TÇw àÉ tÄÄ à{x ÑxÉÑÄx ã{É Üxtw à{|á‹ v STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY I honestly declared that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and the references, as a scientific paper should. -
The Existence of the State Minister in the Government System After the Amendment to the 1945 Constitution
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 25, Issue 5, Series. 1 (May. 2020) 51-78 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org The Existence of the State Minister in the Government System after the Amendment to the 1945 Constitution ParbuntianSinaga Doctor of Law, UniversitasKrisnadwipayana Jakarta Po Box 7774 Jat Cm Jakarta 13077, Indonesia Abstract: Constitutionally, the existence of ministers called cabinet or council of ministers in a presidential government system is an inseparable part of the executive power held by the President. The 1945 Constitution after the amendment, that the presence of state ministers as constitutional organs is part of the power of the President in running the government. This study aims to provide ideas about separate arrangements between state ministries placed separately in Chapter V Article 17 to Chapter III of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia concerning the authority of the state government or the power of the President, and also regarding the formation, amendment and dissolution of the ministries regulated in legislation. This study uses a normative juridical research approach. The results of the study show that the Minister of State is the President's assistant who is appointed and dismissed to be in charge of certain affairs in the government, which actually runs the government, and is responsible to the President. The governmental affairs referred to are regulated in Law No. 39 of 2008 concerning the State Ministry, consisting of: government affairs whose nomenclature is mentioned in the 1945 NRI Constitution, government affairs whose scope is mentioned in the 1945 NRI Constitution, and government affairs in the context of sharpening, coordinating, and synchronizing government programs. -
“What's the Matter with Being Indonesian?”
“What’s the matter with being Indonesian?” A Social Representation Approach to Unravel Indonesian National Identity MSc Social Research Dissertation School of Social and Political Science 2012 – 2013 Exam Number: B029071 Word Count: 14.461 1 Acknowledgement I would like to thank my supervisor, Ross Bond, since this research could not be completed without his invaluable guidance and patience. I sincerely thank the Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture for funding my education at the University of Edinburgh. Comments and feedback given by Rahkman Ardi, Reza Wattimena, and Charlotte Olcay have also been a tremendous help. I am also very grateful for the endless love and support given by my parents and brothers that kept me going. Finally, I would like to thank my friends and research participants who have been very helpful during this process. 2 Abstract Having announced its independence in 1945, Indonesia is still “a state in search of a nation.” Consisted of more than 300 ethnic tribes and around 600 local languages and dialects, ruthless religious, ethnic, ideology, region conflicts, and civil war have even been intensified after the New Order regime collapsed in 1998. By using Social Representation theory, online survey research involving 114 Indonesians living in the United Kingdom is used to explore these points; how Indonesian negotiate their ethnic, religious, and national identity, the historical theme and important figures in Indonesia’s history, and the connection between ethnic, religious, and national identity and attitudes towards the New Order. Research findings suggest that national and ethnic identity, as well as ethnic and religious identity, is consensual, while the relation between religious and national identity is emancipated. -
Michael Malley
T he 7th D evelopment Cabinet: Loyal to a Fault? Michael Malley Five years ago, amid speculation that B. J. Habibie and his allies in the Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI) would gain a large number of seats in the cabinet, State Secretary Moerdiono announced that "expertise" would be Soeharto's chief criterion for choosing ministers. This year, despite the economic crisis that enveloped the country, few people even thought to suggest that Soeharto sought the most technically qualified assistants. As the outgoing cabinet's term wore to a close, the jockeying for influence among ministers and their would-be successors emphasized the most important qualification of any who would join the new cabinet: loyalty. As if to diminish any surprise at the lengths he would go to create a cabinet of loyalists, Soeharto fired his central bank chief, Soedradjad Djiwandono, in mid- February, just two weeks before the 6 ^ Development Cabinet's term expired. Together with the finance minister, Mar'ie Muhammad, Soedradjad had worked closely with the International Monetary Fund to reach the reform-for-aid agreements Soeharto signed in October 1997 and January this year. Their support for reforms that would strike directly at palace-linked business interests seems to have upset the president, and neither were expected to retain their posts in the 7 ^ Cabinet. But Soedradjad made the further mistake of opposing the introduction of a currency board system to fix the rupiah's value to that of the US dollar. The scheme's main Indonesian proponents were Fuad Bawazier, one of Mar'ie's subordinates, and Peter Gontha, the principal business adviser to Soeharto's son Bambang Trihatmodjo. -
SECULAR, RELIGIOUS and SUPERNATURAL – an EASTERN INDONESIAN CATHOLIC EXPERIENCE of FEAR (Autoethnographic Reflections On
SECULAR, RELIGIOUS AND SUPERNATURAL – AN EASTERN INDONESIAN CATHOLIC EXPERIENCE OF FEAR (Autoethnographic Reflections on the Reading of a New Order-Era Propaganda Text) Justin Laba Wejak Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2017 Faculty of Arts The University of Melbourne Abstract This thesis examines an Eastern Indonesian Catholic experience of fear by analysing how a New Order-era propaganda text dealing with the political upheavals of 1965- 66 triggers and maintains fear in one Eastern Indonesian Catholic reader – myself. It uses the methodology of autoethnography to examine the fears that I myself experienced in 2004 when encountering a 1967 Catholic propaganda text entitled, ‘Dari Madiun ke Lubang Buaya, dari Lubang Buaya ke…?’ [From Madiun to the Crocodile Hole, from the Crocodile Hole to...?]). By analysing my own experience of fear in reading the text, I argue that the Eastern Indonesian Catholic experience of fear involves three interlocking dimensions – secular, religious and supernatural. These three forms of fear are experienced simultaneously by the reader (myself). The From Madiun text is primarily a secular narrative of the 1965-66 events, but the reader brings his culturally-conditioned religious and supernatural fears when reading it. I argue that supernatural fear is the most unspoken but most powerful form of fear that I experienced when reading the text, and this reflects my membership of the Lamaholot community in which supernatural fear is pervasive. The thesis contends that in relation to 1965, the Catholic Church’s propaganda created an explicit secular fear of communists, an implicit religious fear of Muslims, and a hidden supernatural fear of ghosts. -
The Student Movement and the Rise and Fall of Suharto by Eric Beerkens
The Student Movement and the Rise and Fall of Suharto By Eric Beerkens In a hospital in Jakarta, the former president of the Republic of Indonesia is fighting for his live. Suharto’s 32 year reign over the archipelago has brought development at a high cost. For most, his name is inextricably connected with corruption, collusion and nepotism. Only few will remember him as Bapak Pembangunan (the ‘father of development’, as Suharto was fondly called in his better days). Among the few bright spots in his dark history is his realisation of near universal primary education. In terms of higher education, his legacy includes the expansion of the Indonesian higher education system by establishing universities in all provinces in the vast country and by allowing private providers. But the activities in and around these institutions became under increasingly strict control of his New Order regime. Students and academics have played a major role throughout the modern history of Indonesia and especially in the Suharto Era. Many courageous men and women have given their lives in the struggle for change and freedom. First in the movement towards independence from the Dutch, later in the transition from the Old to the New Order that brought Suharto into power and ten years ago, in the Reformasi movement that ultimately led to his fall. The 1960s: Helping Suharto in the saddle Suharto’s rise to power started with the 30 September movement, an event surrounded by mysteries, even after more than 40 years. The official Indonesian version claims that the unsuccessful coup was staged by the communist party. -
A LIFE UNDER THREE FLAGS by Peter Liang Tek
A LIFE UNDER THREE FLAGS By Peter Liang Tek Sun ii Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History At the University of Western Sydney, March, 2008 I thank my Heavenly Father in Jesus Christ very much for this great opportunity to study for the Ph.D. degree with the University of Western Sydney; and for His blessing to me that I may remain alive during the dysentery epidemic, the Second World War and during the dangerous accidents which have happened to me. I had to take a break from finishing this thesis between year 2000 and 2003 because of a heart attack after having some hard times in the Indonesian Presbyterian Church, Randwick, Sydney. Praise the Lord that I now have the strength and courage to finish it as I had hoped before. I am grateful to Elizabeth T.H. Tan, Winny, Abrams, Adela, Alvin, Caroline and Amanda for their support. May God bless them forever. iii To the memory of my beloved late parents: Father SUN SENG TJAY Mother KWA ROSE NIO Who have taken good care of me with love and sacrifice, Especially when I was suffering from Dysentery, Typhus and Eye disease. iv To my loving wife Elizabeth T.H.Tan, and my devoted sons and daughters : Abrams H. Dj. Sun Liana H.L. Sun Lucia H.L. Sun Winny H.B. Sun Loeki H.K. Sun Leo H.L. Sun Benjamin H.Tj. Sun Who all have given me moral support and are eagerly awaiting the result of my thesis. v A LIFE UNDER THREE FLAGS Contents Growing up in the Dutch East Indies, 1919-1942 11 Experiencing War and Japanese Occupation, 1942-1945 83 Making a Life in a Time of Revolution, 1945-1949 131 Turbulent National Politics and Personal Business 176 during the Sukarno Era, 1950-1966 Conclusion 243 Abbreviations 246 Bibliography 250 vi BIOGRAPHICAL SUMMARY The author was born on 2 October 1919, in Cilimus, Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia. -
Indonesian National History Textbooks After the New Order What’S New Under the Sun?
Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 170 (2014) 113–131 bki brill.com/bki Indonesian National History Textbooks after the New Order What’s New under the Sun? Agus Suwignyo Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta [email protected] Marwati Djoened Poesponegoro, Nugroho Notosusanto, R.P. Soejono, and R.Z. Leirissa (eds), Sejarah nasional Indonesia. Volumes 1–6, updated edition. Ja- karta: Balai Pustaka, 2008. [first edition 1975–7; second edition 1981–3] (Paper- back). Vol. 1: Zaman prasejarah di Indonesia, xxxix + 515 pp. ISBN 9794074071 Vol. 2: Zaman kuno (Awal M-1500M), xxxix + 534 pp. ISBN 979407408X Vol. 3: Zaman pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kerajaan Islam di Indonesia (±1500–1800), xxxii + 421 pp. ISBN 9794074098 Vol. 4: Kemunculan penjajah di Indonesia (±1700–1900), xxxiv + 511 pp. ISBN 9794074101 Vol. 5: Zaman kebangkitan nasional dan masa Hindia Belanda (±1900–1942), xxxii + 450 pp. ISBN 979407411X Vol. 6: Zaman Jepang dan zaman Republik Indonesia (±1942–1998), xlv + 807 pp. ISBN 9794074128 Taufik Abdullah and A.B. Lapian (eds), Indonesia dalam arus sejarah. Vol- umes 1–8 + additional Vol. 9, Jakarta: Ichtiar Baru van Hoeve, 2012. (Hardback). Vol. 1: Prasejarah, xxxvi + 380 pp. ISBN 9789799226938 Vol. 2: Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha, xxi + 372 pp. ISBN 9789799226945 Vol. 3: Kedatangan dan Peradaban Islam, xxii + 452 pp. ISBN 9789799226952 Vol. 4: Kolonisasi dan Perlawanan, xxiv + 690 pp. ISBN 9789799226969 Vol. 5: Masa pergerakan kebangsaan, xxii + 436 pp. ISBN 9789799226976 Vol. 6: Perang dan Revolusi, xxii + 579 pp. ISBN 9789799226983 Vol. 7: Pascarevolusi, xxii + 547 pp. ISBN 9789799226990 Vol. 8: Orde Baru dan Reformasi, xxii + 684 pp.