Hubei Safe, Sustainable and Smart Agriculture Project (Hereinafter, the “Project”)

World Bank-financed Project

Public Disclosure Authorized

Hubei Safe, Sustainable and Smart

Public Disclosure Authorized Agriculture Project Resettlement Due Diligence Report

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized Hubei Project Management Office (PMO) October 2019

Contents 1. Background ...... 1 1.1 Background ...... 1 1.2 Overview of LA and Resettlement ...... 2 1.3 Purpose, Scope and Methods of Due Diligence ...... 3 2. LA Compensation and Resettlement Implementation ...... 5 2.1 IAs ...... 5 2.2 Compensation Rates ...... 5 2.2.1 LA ...... 5 2.2.2 Ground Attachments ...... 5 2.3 Resettlement Measures ...... 5 2.3.1 LA ...... 5 2.3.2 Ground Attachments ...... 6 2.4 Evaluation ...... 6 3. Household Conditions and Satisfaction Survey ...... 7 3.1 Sampling Survey ...... 7 3.2 Satisfaction Survey and Analysis ...... 7 3.3 Evaluation ...... 7 4. Information Disclosure and Grievance Redress ...... 8 4.1 Information Disclosure and Consultation ...... 8 4.2 Grievance Redress ...... 8 4.3 Evaluation ...... 9 5. Conclusions and Suggestions ...... 10 5.1 Conclusions ...... 10 5.2 Suggestions ...... 10 Appendix 1 Uniform AAOV Rates and Location-based Composite Land Prices for Land Acquisition of Hubei Province (HPG [2014] No.12) ...... 11 Appendix 2 Compensation Multiples and Correction Factors for Land Acquisition, and Compensation Rates for Young Crops of Hubei Province (HPLRD [2014] No.242) ...... 11 Appendix 3 Measures for Compensation for Land Acquisition and House Demolition of Yiling District (YDG [2018] No.3) ...... 11 Appendix 4 Interim Measures for Compensation for Land Acquisition and House Demolition of Tongcheng County (TCG [2015] No.38) ...... 12 Appendix 5 Sample Information ...... 12 Appendix 6 Interview Minutes ...... 14

List of Tables Table 1-1 Scope of Construction ...... 1 Table 1-2 Summary of LA Impacts...... 2 Table 2-1 LA Compensation Rates ...... 5 Table 2-2 Ground Attachment Compensation Rates ...... 5 Table 2-3 Summary of LA Impacts...... 6 Table 3-1 Demographics of APs ...... 7

List of Figures Figure 1-1 LA Compensation Agreement for Xingxiang Farm Product SFC (Part) ...... 2 Figure 1-2 LA Compensation Agreement for Dafan Loquat SFC ...... 2 Figure 1-3 Land Title Certificate of Yihong Early Tea SFC and Payment Voucher of Land Transfer Fee 3 Figure 1-4 Land Acquired for Xingxiang Farm Product SFC ...... 4 Figure 4-1 Project Information Disclosure ...... 8

Abbreviations

AH - Affected Household AP - Affected Person DMS - Detailed Measurement Survey FGD - Focus Group Discussion HD - House Demolition LA - Land Acquisition M&E - Monitoring and Evaluation NRCR - National Research Center for Resettlement1 RIB - Resettlement Information Booklet RAP - Resettlement Action Plan SFC - Specialized Farmers’ Cooperative

Units

Currency unit = Yuan (CNY) 1.00 yuan = $0.15 1 hectare = 15 mu

1. Background 1.1 Background In recent years, China has made significant progress in food safety, economic growth, poverty alleviation and production diversification, but this has relied mainly on highly intensive production with considerable fertilizer and pesticide inputs, and has lead to serious environmental problems. In order to solve these problems, the government, farmers and private enterprises must work together to realize a safe, sustainable and (climate) smart agricultural pattern, in which food safety, environmental sustainability and climate smartness are combined closely and complementary. According to the Outline of the Thirteenth Five-year Agricultural Development Plan of Hubei Province (HPG [2016] No.55), Hubei Province is to be built into a demonstration region of farm product quality and safety, a pioneering region of ecological and efficient agriculture, and a pilot region of “Internet+” modern agriculture and rural reform. This is largely consistent with the Bank’s project objectives, and fully aligned with the Rural Partnership Strategy (Report No.67566-CN) of the Bank for China (fiscal years 2013-2016), thereby giving rise to the Hubei Safe, Sustainable and Smart Agriculture Project (hereinafter, the “Project”). In the Project, agricultural risk assessment and management will be conducted, a communication system established, a safe, sustainable and smart production and processing standard developed, safe and sustainable agricultural practices extended, project and knowledge management conducted, and experience and lessons collected and shared to direct agricultural production to improve food safety and farm product quality, and promote sustainable and smart agricultural development under the leadership of the Hubei Provincial Government, and the Hubei Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. The Project involves 45 specialized farmers’ cooperatives (SFCs) in 11 counties / county-level cities / districts in Hubei Province, namely Honghu City, Jingshan City, Zhongxiang City, Duodao District in Jingmen City, Yiling District in Yichang City, Xian’an District in Xianing City, Xiaoan District in Xiaogan City, Tongshan County, Nanzhang County and Gong’an County. Since some SFCs under the Project have been involved in LA compensation for nearly two years (from January 1, 2017 to date), so a due diligence survey should be performed on them, which are Dafan Loquat SFC, Xingxiang Farm Product SFC and Yihong Early Tea SFC, in which Dafan Loquat SFC is included in this phase, and the other two are planned for the future. See Table 1-1.

Table 0-1 Scope of Construction No. SFC Scope of construction Location Remarks 6,000 mu, including field infrastructure, Banqiao Village, Dafan Loquat 1 farm market (cold chain system), and a Dafan Town, This phase SFC fine variety trial planting base Tongshan County Planned Building an orange quality and safety Guanzhuang Village, Xingxiang Farm 2 standardization demonstration zone, Xiaoxita Town, Yiling Planned Product SFC and setting up monitoring sites District Upgrading existing tealeaf processing Longtanping Village, Yihong Early 3 equipment to realize automatic, clean, Taipingxi Town, Planned Tea SFC visualized and intelligent processing Yiling District

The main resettlement activities covered by this survey include: 1) Dafan Loquat SFC signed an LA agreement with Dakeng Village in March 2019 to acquire 38 mu of collective woodland in Dakeng Village, and the compensation has been paid; 2) Xingxiang Farm Product SFC acquired 40 mu of land in Group 1 of Guanzhuang Village in 2018, and the compensation has been paid; 3) Yihong Early Tea SFC has acquired 2.03 mu of collective wasteland in Longtanping Village, which was converted into farmland in 2014. The SFC has later converted this land into construction land through land transfer according to the local policy, and received a property title certificate. This report has been prepared on the basis of the due diligence survey conducted by NRCR according to the requirements of the Bank’s social safeguard policy and the Bank mission’s memorandum, and submitted to the Bank for review.

1.2 Overview of LA and Resettlement 3 SFCs under the Project involve resettlement. 80.03 mu of collective land has been acquired for the Project, including 40 mu of cultivated land, 38 mu of woodland and 2.03 mu of wasteland, affecting 76 households with 330 persons. 1) Dafan Loquat SFC signed an LA agreement with Dakeng Village in March 2019 to acquire 38 mu of collective woodland in Dakeng Village, affecting 45 households with 194 persons in Group 4 of Dakeng Village, and the compensation has been paid, with no outstanding issue. 2) Xingxiang Farm Product SFC acquired 40 mu of land in Group 1 of Guanzhuang Village, Xiaoxita Town, affecting 31 households with 136 persons, and the compensation has been paid, with no outstanding issue. 3) The land used for Yihong Early Tea SFC is collective land of Longtanping Village, obtained through land transfer, affecting no one.

Table 0-2 Summary of LA Impacts LA area Affected District / SFC Township Village Cultivated Wood Waste county Subtotal HHs Population land land land Dafan Loquat Tongshan Dafan Dakeng 0 38 0 38 45 194 SFC County Town Xingxiang Farm Yiling Xiaoxita Guanzhuang 40 0 0 40 31 136 Product SFC District Town Yihong Early Yiling Taipingxi Longtanping 0 00 2.03 2.03 0 0 Tea SFC District Town Total 40 38 2.03 80.03 76 330

Figure 0-1 LA Compensation Agreement for Xingxiang Farm Product SFC (Part)

Figure 0-2 LA Compensation Agreement for Dafan Loquat SFC

Figure 0-3 Land Title Certificate of Yihong Early Tea SFC and Payment Voucher of Land Transfer Fee

1.3 Purpose, Scope and Methods of Due Diligence In order to inspect the resettlement implementation process and impacts, and protect the APs’ lawful rights and interests, NRCR was appointed by the Hubei PMO to conduct a resettlement due diligence survey on the Project. The purpose is to review the process of land acquisition work completed and will be used by the project and evaluate whether the work complies with the World Bank's safeguards policies (OP4.12 "Involuntary Resettlement") and corresponding principles, The country, Hubei Province Requirements on resettlement laws and regulations and compensation resettlement policies; inspect the implementation process, progress, fund management, resettlement effectiveness and satisfaction, identify outstanding issues, and propose feasible solutions accordingly. This due diligence survey mainly covers LA and HD policies and compensation rates, fund disbursement, resettlement progress and satisfaction, information, grievance redress, evaluation of outstanding issues, and a supplementary action plan. According to the current project design plan, the project construction only involves collective land acquisition and does not involve house demolition implemented within the past two years. Therefore, due diligence only involves due diligence on land acquisition compensation and does not involve the impact of house demolition.

The following methods were used: 1) Deskwork: Project and resettlement documents were collected, referred to and verified. 2) Fieldwork: including sampling survey, FGD, key informant interview, participatory observation, etc. 3) Sampling survey: A sampling plan was designed, and 26 households affected by LA (34.21%) were sampled for a questionnaire survey. 4) FGD: FGDs was held with the PMO, SFCs and affected village committees to learn LA, HD and resettlement implementation. 5) Key information interview: Key information interviews were conducted with heads of agencies concerned, household heads, women, old people, etc.

Figure 0-4 Land Acquired for Xingxiang Farm Product SFC

2. LA Compensation and Resettlement Implementation 2.1 IAs The Tongshan County and Yiling District Agriculture Bureaus are responsible for project coordination; the county / district agriculture bureaus, natural resources and planning bureaus, and housing and urban-rural development bureaus, Dafan, Xiaoxita and Taipingxi Town Governments, and Banqiao, Guanzhuang and Longtanping Village Committees participate in LA, compensation and resettlement; Dafan Loquat SFC, Xingxiang Farm Product SFC and Yihong Early Tea SFC are responsible for project implementation. All agencies are well staffed and operate normatively, providing strong support for successful LA and HD implementation.

2.2 Compensation Rates 2.2.1 LA The LA compensation rates of Xiaoxita and Taipingxi Towns, Yiling District are based mainly on the Measures for Compensation for Land Acquisition and House Demolition of Yiling District (YDG [2018] No.3); and those of Dafan Town, Tongshan County on the Uniform AAOV Rates and Location-based Composite Land Prices for Land Acquisition of Hubei Province (HPG [2014] No.12). See Table 2-1.

Table 0-1 LA Compensation Rates Irrigated and non-irrigated land Woodland LA compensation LA compensation Town AAOV Multiple AAOV Multiple rate (yuan/mu) rate (yuan/mu) Dafan Town, 1690 22 28380 1690 22 28380 Tongshan County Xiaoxita Town, 2450 20 49000 1960 20 39200 Yiling District Taipingxi Town, 2200 18 39600 1760 18 31680 Yiling District

2.2.2 Ground Attachments Except land compensation, LA compensation also includes compensation for young crops and ground attachments. The compensation rates for ground attachments of Xiaoxita and Taipingxi Towns, Yiling District are based mainly on the Measures for Compensation for Land Acquisition and House Demolition of Yiling District (YDG [2018] No.3), and those of Dafan Town, Tongshan County on the Compensation Multiples and Correction Factors for Land Acquisition, and Compensation Rates for Young Crops of Hubei Province (HPLRD [2014] No.242). See Table 2-2.

Table 0-2 Ground Attachment Compensation Rates Compensation rate for irrigated Compensation rate for Town and non-irrigated land (yuan/mu) woodland (yuan/mu) Xiaoxita Town, Yiling District 2450 1960 Taipingxi Town, Yiling District 2200 1760 Dafan Town, Tongshan County 1290 1032

The actual compensation rate for the farmland acquired for Xingxiang Farm Product SFC in Xiaoxita Town, Yiling District is 62,623 yuan/mu (including land and attachment compensation), higher than that specified in Document YDG [2018] No.3. The actual compensation rate for the land acquired for Dafan Loquat SFC in Dafan Town, Tongshan County is 90,000 yuan/mu (including land and attachment compensation), higher than that specified in the applicable policy.

2.3 Resettlement Measures 2.3.1 LA 80.03 mu of collective land has been acquired for the Project, including 40 mu of cultivated land, 38 mu of woodland and 2.03 mu of wasteland, affecting 76 households with 330 persons. The acquired land has been compensated for in full according to the above rates. In Guanzhuang Village, Xiaoxita Town, the LA compensation is paid to the AHs directly without

being withheld by the village collective; in Dakeng Village, Dafan Town, 8% of the LA compensation is withheld by the village collective for endowment insurance, employment training, etc., and the balance paid to the AHs. By the time of this survey, compensation had been fully paid. See Table 2-3.

Table 0-3 Summary of LA Impacts LA area Affected District / SFC Township Village Cultivated Wood Waste county Subtotal HHs Population land land land Dafan Loquat Tongshan Dafan Dakeng 0 38 0 38 45 194 SFC County Town Xingxiang Farm Yiling Xiaoxita Guanzhuang 40 0 0 40 31 136 Product SFC District Town Yihong Early Yiling Taipingxi Longtanping 0 00 2.03 2.03 0 0 Tea SFC District Town Total 40 38 2.03 80.03 76 330

2.3.2 Ground Attachments Ground attachments have been fully compensated for according to the above rates. In Guanzhuang Village, Xiaoxita Town, compensation is paid to the AHs directly; in Dakeng Village, Dafan Town, compensation is disbursed to the village collective, and then paid to the AHs; in Longtanping Village, Taipingxi Town, no attachment compensation is involved because the affected land is transferred to the SFC.

2.4 Evaluation The specified LA notification, confirmation and hearing procedure has been performed for the Project, and the affected village collectives and persons have no objection to the LA location, land ownership, types and areas, compensation rates, resettlement modes, etc., and have not filed an application for hearing. The LA and ground attachment compensation has been clearly calculated, and fully paid without any objection.

3. Household Conditions and Satisfaction Survey 3.1 Sampling Survey 78 mu of land will be occupied permanently for the Project, affecting 76 households with 330 persons. The LA compensation had been paid by September 2019. In September 2019, the task force sampled 26 households affected by LA (34.21%) for a questionnaire survey, and also conducted FGDs and key informant interviews, covering satisfaction with resettlement, population, age structure, education, housing, etc. 1) Age structure and gender analysis Among the 117 samples, 12 are under 16 years, accounting for 10.26%, including 5 males (8.2% of all males) and 7 females (12.5% of all females); 79 aged 16-59 years, accounting for 67.52%, including 42 males (68.85% of all males) and 37 females (66.07% of all females); 26 aged 60 years or more, accounting for 22.22%, including 14 males (22.95% of all males) and 12 females (21.43% of all females). 2) Education Among the 105 adult samples (aged 16 years or above), 45 persons have received primary school or below education, accounting for 42.86%; 25 have received junior high school education, accounting for 23.81%; 26 have received senior high school education, accounting for 24.76%; and 9 have received junior college or above education, accounting for 8.57%. The overall educational level of the samples is low, because they are mostly farmers.

Table 0-1 Demographics of APs Total Male Female Item N Percent (%) N Percent (%) N Percent (%) Age <16 years 12 10.26 5 8.2 7 12.5 16-59 years 79 67.52 42 68.85 37 66.07 ≥60 years 26 22.22 14 22.95 12 21.43 Subtotal 117 100 61 100 56 100 Educational level Primary school or below 45 42.86 22 39.29 23 46.94 Junior high school 25 23.81 16 28.57 9 18.37 Senior high school 26 24.76 14 25 12 24.49 Junior college or above 9 8.57 4 7.14 5 10.220 Subtotal 105 100 56 100 49 100

3.2 Satisfaction Survey and Analysis The task force conducted a satisfaction survey on 26 sample households. See Table 3-2.

Table 0-2 Satisfaction of AHs Percent (%) Information Resettlement Option DMS Resettlement disclosure and policy results policies policy transparency implementation Very dissatisfied 0 0 0 0 Dissatisfied 0 5.0 5.0 0 Neither, nor 35.0 45.0 50.0 50.0 Satisfied 65.0 45.0 40.0 50.0 Very satisfied 0 5.0 5.0 0 Total 100 100 100 100

100% of the sample households are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, satisfied or very satisfied in all aspects.

3.3 Evaluation It can be seen that all sample households are satisfied with information disclosure and policy transparency, resettlement mode, DMS results, resettlement policies and their implementation.

4. Information Disclosure and Grievance Redress 4.1 Information Disclosure and Consultation Information disclosure, public participation and grievance redress at all stages are a prerequisite to realizing the project objectives and ensuring that the APs benefit from the Project. Diversified public participation activities have been conducted at all stages of resettlement. The agencies have collected comments, and disclosed project information extensively through the following process: 1) The county / district agriculture bureaus, natural resources and planning bureaus, town governments, and village committees disclosed the LA compensation rates by announcement and bulletin board, ensuring that the AHs could learn much about the Project. 2) Before LA, the village committees held FGDs with the AHs to collect comments. 3) The town governments distributed an LA notice to specify the compensation rates, and protect the rights and interests of the AHs. The PMO staff conducted extensive consultation with the AHs by means of announcement, FGD, door-to-door interview and DMS to make them aware of the LA policies, compensation rates and livelihood restoration means.

Figure 0-1 Project Information Disclosure

4.2 Grievance Redress A sound grievance redress mechanism has been established during resettlement implementation: Stage 1: If any AP is dissatisfied with compensation and resettlement, he/she may file an oral or written appeal with the village committee orally or in writing. In case of an oral appeal, the village committee shall handle such appeal and keep written records. Such appeal should be solved within two weeks. Stage 2: If the AP is dissatisfied with the disposition of Stage 1, he/she may file an appeal with the township government orally or in writing after receiving such disposition. In case of an oral appeal, the township government shall handle such appeal and keep written records. Such appeal should be solved within two weeks. Stage 3: If the AP is dissatisfied with the disposition of Stage 2, he/she may file an appeal with the county / district PMO after receiving such disposition, which shall make a disposition within two weeks. Stage 4: If the AP is still dissatisfied with the disposition of Stage 3, he/she may file an appeal with the external M&E agency or Hubei PMO, or file a suit in a civil court in accordance with the Civil Procedure Law of the PRC after receiving such disposition. The APs may file an appeal about any aspect of resettlement, including compensation rates, etc. The above appeal channel will be notified to the APs at a meeting or otherwise, so that the APs are fully aware of their right of appeal. Mass media will be utilized for publicity, and opinions and advice about resettlement will be compiled into messages for study and disposition by the resettlement agencies. In practice, the compensation rates of this project comply with the applicable regulations and

8 policies, and compensation has been paid fully and timely to the satisfaction of the APs, so no appeal or grievance has arisen. Some minor issues, such as omissions or errors in the DMS, were corrected on spot, and resulted in no grievance.

4.3 Evaluation No appeal or grievance has occurred to date, indicating that the public participation and grievance redress mechanism has played a good role during resettlement.

5. Conclusions and Suggestions 5.1 Conclusions In the Project, safe and sustainable agricultural practices will be extended to improve food safety and farm product quality, and promote sustainable and smart agricultural development. Since some SFCs under the Project have been involved in LA compensation for nearly two years, so a due diligence survey should be performed on them. This survey involve 3 SFCs, which are Dafan Loquat SFC, Xingxiang Farm Product SFC and Yihong Early Tea SFC, in which Dafan Loquat SFC is included in this phase, and the other two are planned for the future. 80.03 mu of collective land has been acquired for the Project, including 40 mu of cultivated land, 38 mu of woodland and 2.03 mu of wasteland, affecting 76 households with 330 persons. 38 mu of woodland in Dakeng Village has been acquired for Dafan Loquat SFC, affecting 45 households with 194 persons in Group 4 of Dakeng Village, and the compensation has been paid; 40 mu of land in Guanzhuang Village has been acquired for Xingxiang Farm Product SFC, affecting 31 households with 136 persons in Group 1 of Guanzhuang Village, Xiaoxita Town, and the compensation has been paid; The land used for Yihong Early Tea SFC is collective land of Longtanping Village, obtained through land transfer, affecting no one. The specified LA notification, confirmation and hearing procedure has been performed for the Project, and the LA and ground attachment compensation has been fully paid without any objection. 76 AHs have signed LA compensation agreements and received LA compensation. All sample households are satisfied with information disclosure and policy transparency, resettlement mode, DMS results, resettlement policies and their implementation. No appeal or grievance arising from compensation or resettlement has occurred to date. Compensation paid met replacement cost, and in line with local rules and regulations, and World Bank OP4.12 policy.

5.2 Suggestions The APs and local residents have a great demand for training. The SFCs should pay attention to the extension of agricultural skills through training. In addition, unskilled jobs should be offered to the APs to help them restore or improve their production level and living standard.

Appendix 1 Uniform AAOV Rates and Location-based Composite Land Prices for Land Acquisition of Hubei Province (HPG [2014] No.12)

Appendix 2 Compensation Multiples and Correction Factors for Land Acquisition, and Compensation Rates for Young Crops of Hubei Province (HPLRD [2014] No.242)

Appendix 3 Measures for Compensation for Land Acquisition and House Demolition of Yiling District (YDG [2018] No.3)

Appendix 4 Interim Measures for Compensation for Land Acquisition and House Demolition of Tongcheng County (TCG [2015] No.38)

Appendix 5 Sample Information

Table 1 Sample Population and Age Distribution Population in 2019 No. Respondent Gender Age Female Old Total Laborers Underage laborers people 1 DYX Female 52 4 4 2 1 2 LXS Male 53 4 4 2 3 SXJ Female 37 4 3 1 1 1 4 HXS Male 53 4 3 1 1 1 5 LXS Male 50 3 3 2

6 DNS Female 55 5 5 3 7 ZXS Female 59 4 4 2 8 LB Female 41 3 3 2 9 LLQ Female 56 5 3 2 2 10 SXS Male 82 2 0 0 2 11 JLL Male 74 5 3 2 2 12 ZWS Female 52 6 4 2 1 2 13 HSQ Female 54 6 4 2 1 2 14 LXS Male 50 3 3 2 15 WDS Female 27 2 2 1 16 ZZX Male 58 5 3 1 2 17 SCZ Female 60 7 5 3 2 4 18 ZPX Male 60 2 0 0 2 19 YXJ Female 40 3 2 1 1 20 GWJ Male 42 4 3 1 1 21 WJH Male 77 7 4 2 1 2 22 WZM Male 40 3 2 2 23 WLF Male 50 4 3 2 24 ZGM Male 50 5 3 2 1 25 ZZW Male 95 7 4 1 1 2 26 LSJ Male 80 5 3 1 2 Total / / / 117 79 43 12 26

Table 2 Annual Per Capita Household Income and Expenditure Before LA (yuan) After LA (yuan) Difference (yuan) No. Respondent Income Expenditure Income Expenditure Income Expenditure 1 DYX 7000 4500 9800 5000 2800 500 2 LXS 8000 5000 12000 6000 4000 1000 3 SXJ 6000 4000 8000 5500 2000 1500 4 HXS 10000 4500 13000 7000 3000 2500 5 LXS 12000 5000 15000 8000 3000 3000 6 DNS 8800 5000 16000 10000 7200 5000 7 ZXS 10000 5500 12000 5500 2000 0 8 LB 17000 7000 22000 10000 5000 3000 9 LLQ 12000 5500 11000 6000 -1000 500 10 SXS 572 200 2000 300 1428 100 11 JLL 9000 4500 15000 8000 6000 3500 12 ZWS 12000 5000 17000 8000 5000 3000 13 HSQ 12000 5000 17000 9000 5000 4000 14 LXS 15000 4800 20000 10000 5000 5200 15 WDS 8000 4000 10000 4500 2000 500 16 ZZX 13000 6000 15000 6300 2000 300 17 SCZ 2000 1000 2000 500 0 -500 18 ZPX 3000 1000 5000 1000 2000 0 19 YXJ 1500 800 2000 500 500 -300 20 GWJ 20000 5000 18000 8000 -2000 3000 21 WJH 9000 4500 13000 7000 4000 2500 22 WZM 9000 5000 14000 6000 5000 1000 23 WLF 20000 5000 22000 8000 2000 3000 24 ZGM 19000 5000 20000 7000 1000 2000 25 ZZW 19000 5000 22000 8000 3000 3000 26 LSJ 15000 6000 19000 6800 4000 800 Average 10629.07 4393.33 13343.33 6063.33 5253.42 1670

Appendix 6 Interview Minutes

Key informant interview 1 Time: August 29, 2019 Venue: meeting room of Dafan Loquat SFC Interviewee: Head He Basic information: Dakeng Village is located in southeastern Tongshan County, with a land area of 50 km2, a cultivated area of 900 mu (660 mu of irrigated land), 500 mu of hilly land, and 8,800 mu of woodland. Compensation rates: The compensation rates are based on the provincial document that was promulgated very early. The actual rates are based on the latest AAOV rates, which are very high and satisfactory. Each AH is affected slightly by LA, and can receive considerable income, so they are happy with LA.

Key informant interview 2 Time: August 27, 2019 Venue: meeting room of Xingxiang Farm Product SFC Interviewee: head of Guanzhuang Village Basic information: Guanzhuang Village is located in Xiaoxita Town, with a land area of 42.3 km2, governing 5 village groups, with 1,873 households with 6,051 persons. Villagers deal with rice and rape cultivation mainly, with income of about 500 yuan/mu. Agricultural problems: 1) Shortage of technicians 2) Shortage of funds 3) Shortage of brand packaging (own brand being established) Solution: The government’s support will be needed, and the marketing network will be expanded.

In-depth interview 1 Time: August 29, 2019 Venue: meeting room of Dafan Loquat SFC Interviewee: Mr. Zhu (Dakeng Village, affected by LA) Family information: This family has 6 members, including his two daughters, where his elder daughter is already a mother, and his younger daughter is still at school. Basic information: He works in the Tongshan county town, and his family’s land is left idle. His wife does odd jobs at the SFC, and earns about 2,000 yuan per month. His family’s main expenses are educational expenses (about 1,000 yuan per month), and food and clothing expenses (2,000-4,000 yuan per annum). LA and compensation: LA is notified in the village, and everyone is satisfied with the compensation rates. The LA compensation is paid directly to the AHs.

In-depth interview 2 Time: August 27, 2019 Venue: meeting room of Xingxiang Farm Product SFC Interviewee: Ms Zhang (Guanzhuang Village, affected by LA) Family information: Ms Zhang is 58 years old, and lives in a two-member family. Housing: over 100 m2 masonry house LA: 0.8 mu of land of her family has been acquired, with compensation of over 60,000 yuan/mu. This land is poorly utilized and not profitable. Her family has received a large sum of compensation, and she has much leisure time now. The compensation was paid directly to the bank card after the agreement was signed. Participation: A village congress was held, and the relevant information was disclosed at the village committee at the time of LA. Villagers are aware of the project information and compensation rates.