China Three Gorges Corporation Address: No.1 a Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing P.R.C

Science & Technology and Environmental Protection Department, China Three Gorges Corporation Address: No.1 A Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing P.R.C. Postal Code: 100038 Telephone: 86-010-57081685 Fax: 86-010-57081694 Email: [email protected] Web: www.ctg.com.cn

Technical Support: National Research Center for Hydropower Sustainable Development Address: Building A, No.1, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing P.R.C. Postal Code: 100038 Telephone: 86-010-68781664 Fax: 86-010-68781701 Email: [email protected]

Recycle use China Three Gorges Corporation Logo of China Three Gorges Corporation

◆ The logo of China Three Gorges Corporation is an optimized design based on the hand-painted artwork from Mr. LU Youmei, former President of the China Three Gorges Corporation. ◆ The logo is overall in a round shape with the inner circle being composed of sky, the Three Gorges, the dam and water waves from top to bottom. The mountain body is an abstraction of the famous Three Gorges including Qutang Gorge, Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge. The dam consists of the spillway, the power plant, the permanent ship locks and the ship lift, etc. This image looks like a door open to the outside world and also an English letter V which symbolizes victory and success, metaphorizing that the China Three Gorges Corporation (hereafter referred to as CTG) has a prosperous future and will develop from one success to another. Commitment from the China Three Gorges Corporation The information disclosed in this annual report of environmental protection is true, objective, and comprehensive. In the report, the stakeholders' concerns were responded with great efforts. And all the information is the objective reflection of CTG's environmental performance, and is in line with CTG's sustainable development strategy.

June 2014

Compilation Process downloaded by browsing onto the website of About This Report CTG (http://www.ctg.com.cn/) or the website In this report, CTG, the Group, the China of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Three Gorges Group, and China Three Gorges Administration Commission of the State Project Development Corporation all refer to Council of PRC (http://www.sasac.gov. the China Three Gorges Corporation. cn/). For printed hardcopies, please send an In this report, the Three Gorges Water email to [email protected] or call Control Project, Xiangjiaba Hydropower 86-010-57081685. Project, Xiluodu Hydropower Project, Wudongde Hydropower Project, and Baihetan What’s New in This Report: Hydropower Project are hereafter referred as This is the ninth Environmental Protection Three Gorges Project (or TGP), Xiangjiaba Annual Report of CTG. The major changes Project, Xiluodu Project, Wudongde Project, are: and Baihetan Project in abbreviation ◆ Indicator system of Sustainability Reporting respectively. Guidelines has been adopted to reflect the environmental performance of CTG. Duration of Reference ◆ Main issues of core environmental subjects in Jan 1st, to Dec 31st, 2013. Some contents may ISO 26000 (Guidance for Social Responsibility) be beyond this period. have been reflected as far as possible. ◆ Relevant indicators from IHA Hydropower Scope of Content Sustainability Assessment Protocol have been Environmental protection related work within gradually introduced to reflect environmental the main business of CTG, but temporarily performance of CTG. excluding the environmental protection of its share-participating projects. ◆ Indicators from Guidelines for Drafting on Corporate Environmental Report, National Explanation of Environmental Environmental Protection Standards of People’s Protection Republic of China (HJ 617-2011) have been Environmental protection in our report gradually introduced. includes not only the environmental management and relevant protection measures Further Reading taken by CTG, but also the soil and water For more information, please browse the conservation, and ecological restoration website of CTG (http://www.ctg.com. works. cn). Other relevant information concerning environmental protection could be found in CONTENTS Publication of Report the following documents: As an annual report, this environmental ◆ Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Bulletin of the Three Gorges Project protection report has been published for nine ◎ consecutive years since 2006. ◆ Annual Report of China Three Gorges Managers’ Statement Corporation ◎ Corporate Profile Data in Report ◆ Social Responsibility Report of China Three All the data referred in this report are the final Gorges Corporation statistical data of 2013. ◎ Institutional Management 1 ◆ Social Responsibility Report of China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd. The Standards Followed: ◎ Energy Development 9 ◆ ISO 26000 (Guidance for Social Responsibility) Future Work to be Improved: ◆ Further introducing Hydropower ◎ Ecological Conservation 14 ◆ Sustainability Reporting Guidelines, the Sustainability Assessment Protocol compiled Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) (2006) by International Hydropower Association ◎ Pollution Prevention and Control 19 ◆ Guidelines for Drafting on Corporate (IHA) to standardize the report compilation. Environmental Report, National ◆ Further improving to disclose ◎ Energy-saving and Emission-reduction 23 Environmental Protection Standards of environmental indicators and related People’s Republic of China (HJ 617-2011) information according to the requirement ◎ Monitoring and Research 26 o f I S O 2 6 0 0 0 (G u i d a n c e f o r S o c i a l Language Versions: Responsibility). ◎ Public Concerns 26 The annual reports of environmental ◆ Gradually standardizing the report protection of CTG are provided in both compilation in accordance with Guidelines for ◎ Future Prospects 32 Chinese and English language, published in Drafting on Corporate Environmental Report, printed paper version and internet electronic National Environmental Protection Standards version. The internet version can be of People’s Republic of China (HJ 617-2011). CONTENTS

◎ Managers’ Statement ◎ Corporate Profile ◎ Institutional Management 1 ◎ Energy Development 9 ◎ Ecological Conservation 14 ◎ Pollution Prevention and Control 19 ◎ Energy-saving and Emission-reduction 23 ◎ Monitoring and Research 26 ◎ Public Concerns 26 ◎ Future Prospects 32 Managers’ Statement

China Three Gorges Corporation (CTG) is an international clean energy conglomerate mainly engaged in large-scale hydropower development in Yangtze River Basin as well as active and orderly development in wind power, solar energy and other new energies. It has always insisted on the development philosophy of “building a first-class hydropower station to stimulate the local economy, improve the local environment, and benefit the resettled residents” to coordinate the relationship of hydropower development and residents resettlement, environment, and local economic development for the overall sustainable development of hydropower industry. CTG has shouldered the historical mission of “Construct Three Gorges Project, Develop Yangtze River” for twenty years of ups and downs. It has always insisted its goal on green, cyclic, and low-carbon development, and steadily promotes the ecological conservation, pollution prevention and control, energy-saving and emission-reduction in the project-affected areas. Long-term ecological monitoring, protection and scientific research have been conducted on the impacts of hydropower projects. By taking a variety of measures, the conservation results of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are remarkable, the conservation and research on rare and endemic plants and fishes has made breakthrough, the multiplication of rare and endemic plants such as Davidia involucrata (Chinese Dove tree), Taxus chinensis (Chinese yew), Myricaria laxiflora, and Adiantum reniforme var. sinense has made breakthrough, the complete artificial propagation of second filial generation Chinese sturgeon has succeeded for consecutive years since 2009. The water and soil conservation, and pollution prevention and control, has been orderly and steadily carried out in construction zones, and the effect is obvious, while no environmental violations incidents has been occured for many consecutive years. In 2013, CTG Mr. LU Chun, Board Chairman Mr. WANG Lin, President successfully passed the “Three Standards in One” management system certification, which is in line with the international standards, further perfected the environment management system, greatly improved its environment management capacity, thus the environmental protection work has entered a new stage. Looking into the future, CTG will always keep in mind the great trust of the CPC and the people, conscientiously study and implement the guidelines of the Third Plenum of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC, closely focus on the strategic objectives to build a world-class clean energy conglomerate, vigorously develop clean energy, and make greater contribution on building a beautiful China. Managers’ Statement

For the purpose of the construction of Three Gorges Project and development of the Yangtze River, approved by the State Council, the China Three Gorges Project Corporation was established on September 27th, 1993. Its name was altered into China Three Gorges Corporation on September 27th, 2009.

Main Business Indicators of 2013

Indicators Performance in 2013 Year-on-year Growth Rate Power generation (GW·h) 132,960 10.87% Revenues (RMB billion) 42.608 15.37% Total profits (RMB billion) 21.639 10.71%

In 2013, the Three Gorges Project (here after as TGP) continued to bring forward benefits in flood control, power generation, navigation and water supplementation into full play. Flood detention regulation was successfully adopted in flood season for more than 49,000 m3/s, the total power generation volume of the Three Gorges - Gezhouba cascade power station in the year reached 986,87 GW·h, and the total cargo freight volume through TGP ship lift reached 97.07 million tons. The impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir successfully reached the tentative level at 175m for the fourth consecutive year. Water supply to downstream at the middle and lower Yangtze areas in dry seasons mounted to over 21.05 billion m3. Experimental ecological regulation was actively carried out to boost the natural reproduction of the four major Chinese carps. In 2013, the Xiangjiaba Project and Xiluodu Project both achieved objectives of impoundment and power generation on schedule. The two hydropower stations created a miracle of putting a total installed capacity of 10,650 MW into operation in a single year, which accounted for 40% of the nation’s newly added hydropower installed capacity for the whole year. Among which Xiluodu Project put into operation a total of twelve extra large-scale generator units (each with an installed capacity of 700MW), making its total installed capacity commissioned in the year to 8,400MW, which refreshed the world record of new installed capacity in a single year by a single power plant. The Three Gorges Jinsha River Chuanyun Hydropower Development Co., Ltd, and the Three Gorges Jinsha River Yunchuan Hydropower Development Co., Ltd were formally established, which further perfected the Jinsha River hydropower development system. In 2013, the new energy development of CTG progressed rapidly. The increase of installed capacity summed up to 1,420.2 MW, in which wind power capacity was 695 MW, and photovoltaic power capacity was 724.4 MW. By the end of the year, the grand total new energy installed capacity in operation reached 3,004.9 MW, which doubled from last year. The increase of authorized installed capacity was 2,100 MW, made the year-on-year growth rate at 163%. In 2013, the international contracting business made steady progress. Annual international revenue increased by 5.2% from last year, which reached 8.68 billion RMB Yuan. The value of newly signed international contracts reached 11.2 billion RMB Yuan, with an increase of 21% from last year. The first large-scale EPC project in Uganda, Isimba Hydropower Project, was successfully signed. Murum Hydropower Project in Malaysia successfully started impoundment. CTG’s international investment business promoted steadily, the layout on overseas market was substantially completed. The completed projects such as Nam Lik 1-2 Hydropower Project in Laos are in good operation conditions, projects under construction such as Nam Ngiep 1-2 Hydropower Project are progressing smoothly, and Pakistan Wind Power Project phase I was under implementation. Main hydropower projects Three Gorges Project The Three Gorges Project started construction on December 14th, 1994. The river closure was successfully implemented on November 8th, 1997. In 2003, three main objects were achieved, namely the impoundment of phase II project, navigation and power generation. In 2009, except the ship lift which was postponed after an approval of the state and the underground hydropower station, the construction of the project was completed on time according to the preliminary design. In 2010, the project passed the 175m reservoir-impounding test and brought its functions for flood control, drought relief, power generation, navigation and water supply into full play. In 2012, all 32 generator units of the Three Gorges hydropower plant were commissioned, which made its total installed capacity at 22,500 MW. Gezhouba Project The Gezhouba Project, completed in 1988, is a reverse-regulation reservoir and navigation cascade for the Three Gorges Project with an installed capacity of 2,715 MW. Xiangjiaba Project The Xiangjiaba Project was officially started in November 2006. The river closure was successfully conducted on December 28th, 2008. The designed installed capacity is 6,000 MW. The objectives of starting impounding and first generator units starting power generation was fulfilled in 2012. By the end of 2013, a total of six units had been put into operation. Xiluodu Project The Xiluodu Project was officially started in December 2005. The river was closed on November 8th, 2007. The designed installed capacity is 12,600 MW. In 2013, the reservoir impoundment reached water level at 540m successfully, with a total of twelve generator units putting into operation. Baihetan Project The Baihetan Project has a planned installed capacity of 16,000 MW. The project preparation work known as “three accesses and one leveling” (access to water supply, electricity and roads as well as land leveling) has comprehensively started in 2013. Wudongde Project The Wudongde Project has a planned installed capacity of 10,200 MW. The project preparation work known as “three accesses and one leveling” (access to water supply, electricity and roads as well as land leveling) has comprehensively started in 2013. Institutional Management

1. Institutional Management

China Three Gorges Corporation adhered to the hydropower development philosophy of “building a first-class hydropower station to stimulate the local economy, improve the local environment, and benefit the resettled residents”, strengthened environmental management system, increased investment on environmental protection, strived to realize the harmonization of economic, social, and environmental benefits.

Management system Organization and Functions

In 2013, CTG further perfected its environmental management organization and functions, put the principle of “centralized management at one department, local and relevant departments sharing responsibility” into practice, i.e. the Department of Science, Technology and Environmental Protection in charge of comprehensive environmental management for the whole CTG group, while relevant departments and affiliated enterprises sharing the environmental protection work according to their different responsibilities and functions.

Institutional System

Environmental Management System Since CTG launched the certification procedure of “Three Standards in One” management system which integrated the three management systems of quality, environment and vocational health and safety in 2012, it has strictly follow the requirements of “Three Standards in One” management system, comprehensively strengthened post responsibility management, actively promoted internal audit. It has taken internal audit as a key management tool to perform duties, and as an integral part of daily work, continuously examined the implementation of the management system, found out the defects and problems in management, and combined with their own job with the management tools to further optimize and perfect the management process, and to improve efficiency. 2013

China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

CTG “Three Standards in One” Management Guidelines Contribution to Clean Energy Implement the major policies regarding the national energy structure adjustment, energy-saving and emission-reduction, dedicated to develop clean energy, provide quality clean energy to public, and conform to the historical development trend of human and nature living in harmony. Promotion of Ecological Civilization In the whole process of investment, construction, and operation of clean energy development, give priority to resource-saving and ecology conservation, meanwhile work closely with suppliers to raise their awareness, and work together to promote ecological civilization. Enhancement of Employees’ Well-being Constantly eliminate or mitigate the vocational hazards which impact employees’ physical and mental health, guarantee employees’ occupational health and life security. Provide opportunities to employees’ improvement and realization of their values, and let the employees grow together with the company. Gains of Social Respect Take advanced technology and world-class standards in the whole process of investment, construction, and operation, be compliant to law and be honesty, perform social responsibility well, take the ecology conservation, improvement of migrants’ lives, local economy development, and suppliers’ interests into full consideration, comprehensively build an industry benchmark, thus obtain the general recognition and respect from public.

CTG “Three Standards in One” Overall Objectives CTG’s overall objectives in quality, environment, and vocational health are: Zero Quality Accident, Zero Safety Accident, Zero Environment Accident, and Zero Unplanned Downtime. By the end of “Twelfth Five-year Plan”, CTG’s environmental objectives are: no occurrence of environmental responsibility incidents; no occurrence of accidents which receive administrative or criminal penalties due to violation of environmental protection disciplines and laws; 100% implementation of "Three Simultaneous" 2013 system for environmental protection; 100% pass rate for pollutant emission; 95% water and soil erosion treated; Energy consumption per 10,000 RMB Yuan gross product reduced by 16% compared to 2010.

Institutional Management

On April 11th 2013, CTG successfully passed the certification of “Three Standards in One" Management System. The subsidiaries of CTG, China International Water & Electric Corp., China Three Gorges New Energy Co., Ltd., China Three Gorges Technology and Economy Development Company (TGDC), and the holding company of China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd. all passed the certification of ISO 14001.

Institutional System for Environmental Protection CTG insisted the combination of inheritance and innovation, integrated institutions, mechanisms, cultural and managerial experience, optimized and consolidated a three-level institutional system. CTG’s institutional system for environmental protection consists of one Level-II institution, five Level-III management approaches, and several approaches lower than Level-III.

CTG’s Institutional System for Environmental Protection

Name of the Institution Level of the Institution CTG Environmental Protection Management System II CTG Management Approach for Environmental Protection Information Statistics III CTG Management Approach for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Statistics III CTG Management Approach for Energy saving and Emission Reduction Monitoring III CTG Environmental Protection Management Approach for Hydropower Project III CTG Management Approach for Environmental Protection Assessment III CTG Management Approach for Identification and Evaluation of below III Environmental Factors CTG Management Approach for Environmental Monitoring, Measurement and below III Evaluation of Compliance CTG Management Approach for Solid Waste below III CTG Management Approach for Resources and Energy Saving below III

Supervision System

During the hydropower project construction process, CTG conducted specialized supervision by employing or relying on professional institutes. At regional level, specialized supervision and technology consulting has been conducted to regional environmental protection work on regional hydropower development by employing regional integrated environmental supervisors. Specialized environmental protection supervision and management has been conducted in reservoir and resettlement projects by employing comprehensive resettlement 2013

China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

supervisors. Environmental supervisors are also employed in construction areas to look into the environmental protection during the construction phase.

Environmental Management Information Platform

In 2007, the Ecology and Environmental Monitoring Information System for Three Gorges Project was put into operation. In the same year, CTG started planning on environmental management information system. As a pilot, in 2009 Environmental Monitoring Information System for construction areas in Xiangjiaba Project was put into operation.

Environmental Management

In 2013, CTG consciously accepted supervision from the Supervisory Board accredited by State Council, conscientiously implemented all resolutions made by the Board of Directors, and conducted in-depth management upgrade according to the unified deployment from the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council of PRC. Integrated management of river basin environmental protection for several hydropower projects have been carried forward, the revision of environmental management systems and standards for river basin cascade hydropower projects has also been actively carried out. The Environmental Supervision Management Approach for Lower Jinsha River Hydropower Projects (Trial) has been completed compilation, and a series of management systems have been preliminarily drawn, such as Construction Stage Environmental Management Approach for Control Project of Lower Jinsha River Hydropower Projects, Acceptance Management Approach for Soil and Water Conservation Work, Acceptance Management Approach for Environmental Protection Work of Lower Jinsha River Hydropower Projects, Environment Quality Standards for Lower Jinsha River Hydropower Projects, and Environment Management Manual for Lower Jinsha River Hydropower Projects.

Environmental Risk Identification

CTG implements the whole process environmental risk identification. Studies on environmental impact and environmental risk identification are carried out according to the project stage. At

2013 the early stage, environmental risk assessment is carried out and environmental-friendly projects will be included in the development plan. At the project preparation stage, environmental impact assessment is carried out according to laws to identify potential environmental impacts and its extent and scope of the project, and meanwhile submit for approval in accordance with management process, accept supervision and examine from relevant departments. At project construction stage, CTG earnestly implement the various measures required by the

Institutional Management environmental impact assessment documents, and strictly enforce the implementation of “Three Simultaneous” (environmental protection projects designed, constructed, and commissioned and managed at same time with major project) system for environmental protection. After the project completion, CTG ensure environmental protection completion and acceptance is conducted in accordance with law. At the operation stage, CTG take additional water-saving and environmentally-friendly operation scheduling.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

CTG has strictly followed the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment, Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection, Soil and Water Conservation Law of People’s Republic of China, etc, to carry out the EIA for clean energy projects including hydropower and wind power, and to conscientiously implement the approval procedure for EIA and soil and water conservation plans.

Construction Environment Management

Planning and design of environmental protection According to the measures raised by the Environmental Impact Assessment document and its advice on approval, CTG broke down and conducted environmental protection overall design, and carry out special design and design review work on environmental protection for important environmental protection facilities in the project construction process. Implementation of environmental protection measures Conducted professional and institutionalized environmental management during the process of construction, strictly implemented system of post responsibility for environmental protection measures, actively accepted environmental supervision and enforcement inspection from administrative departments at all levels. During the construction process, continued ecological environment monitoring, monitoring on water, air and noise at project impacted area, security monitoring on blasting work area control, health surveillance on project impacted population, as well as soil and water conservation monitoring.

Environmental Protection Acceptance

CTG has carried out environmental protection acceptance work for hydropower, wind power and other clean energy projects strictly following laws and regulations such as the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment, Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection, Law of People’s Republic of China on Soil and Water Conservation, Technical Guidelines for Environmental protection in Water Conservancy and Hydropower Projects for Check and Accept Completed Project (HJ 2013

China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

464-2009), and Acceptance Technical Code for Soil and Water Conservation Engineering of Development and Construction Projects (GB/T 22490-2008), and etc.

April 26th to 28th, 2013, the Ministry of Environmental Protection conducted impoundment phase environmental protection acceptance for Xiluodu Project. The technical review working group reviewed the Investigation Report for impoundment phase environmental protection acceptance for Xiluodu Project , agreed that it had overall implemented the “Three Simultaneous” system according to national environmental protection laws and regulations, established project environmental protection management system, basically fulfilled the requirements from EIA report and the approval document, formalities were complete for impounding phase, hence met all acceptance conditions. Based on the review comments, the acceptance working group approved the impoundment phase environmental protection acceptance for Xiluodu Project.

Production Environment Management

The production units of CTG all strictly followed the “Three Standards in One” management system to conduct environmental management in the production process.

Research, Monitoring and Statistics on Environmental Protection

CTG has established an environmental protection scientific research platform, and a coordination mechanism with relevant research institutes. Special studies on environmental 2013

Institutional Management protection have been actively carried out; systematic, continuous, and long sequence environmental monitoring and water soil conservation monitoring have also been timely organized and carried out. According to the CTG Management Approach for Environmental Protection Information Statistics (Trial version) , CTG implemented the environmental protection information statistics and reporting system, in order to timely grasp the ecological and environmental change data in project construction area, and take appropriate measures to safeguard the positive and healthy development of ecology and environment in the construction area.

Environmental Protection Technical Supervision and Review

CTG included environmental protection technical supervision in the business scope of early stage, construction management, production and operation, and station management, implemented the whole process environmental management, as well as target responsibility review for environmental protection management.

Emergency Management

In 2013, CTG revised its Emergency Plan for Environmental Pollution Incidents, and several rehearsals of emergency treatment have been carried out according to the emergency plan.

Training on Environmental Protection

In 2013, CTG conducted various forms of environmental protection training such as outsourced training, centralized training, on-site training, lectures, and dissemination of scientific information, etc. 2013

China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

In order to further enhance environment management work, fulfill the requirements of environment management system, strengthen employees’ environment awareness, and improve the efficiency and quality of environmental protection work, CTG held environment management system training in Beijing on December 3rd 2013. Two renowned experts were invited to give detailed explanation on the environment management system standards and requirements, environmental protection acceptance for construction project, and environment supervision. The training improved the employees’ comprehensive understanding to construction and operation of environment management system, and profound understanding to relevant national policies on environmental protection acceptance for construction project, and environment supervision.

Investment in Environmental Protection

In 2013, the total investment of CTG for environmental protection (including water and soil conservation) amounted to 1.03 billion RMB.

Three Gorges 25.6% Xiangjiaba 1.8% Xiluodu 5.3% Baihetan 36.5% Wudongde 28.2% Others 2.6%

CTG Investment in Environmental Protection in 2013 2013

Institutional Management

400 Three Gorges Xiluodu Xiangjiaba

300

200

100

Investment Volume (Millions of RMB) Volume Investment 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Year Investment in Environmental Protection of CTG for Main Projects in 2006-2013 Note: The data are incomplete, which mainly include the costs of the implementation of the environmental protection measures, the expenses of the ecological compensation, the expenditure for the environmental protection research, pollution discharge fees, and environmental protection donation, etc. The costs of the EIA at early stage, environmental protection staff costs, training costs, environmental costs for immigration, and fixed asset allocation are not included.

Related Honors

Three Gorges Project was Named World’s “Top Power Station” In 2013, TGP was named “2012 Top Power Station” by world renowned magazine “POWER”. The “Top Power Station” is mainly awarded to energy enterprises that had extraordinary performance in gas, coal, nuclear and renewable energy project, and occupied the leading position in the industry for its world-class operation records, environmental protection achievement, and unique technology. “POWER” is an authoritative information source on the power generation market. Each year in the past 40 years, it strictly reviews hundreds of nominations proposed by industrial organizations from countries around the world, and then awards the title to the best enterprise in the year.

TGP Received “Awards of Excellence- Major Civil Engineering Projects” September 15th to 18th 2013, the 2013 FIDIC (Fédération lnternationale Des lngénieurs Conseils) International Conference/FIDIC Centenary Conference in Barcelona awarded the Three Gorges Project the Centenary Awards “Awards of Excellence- Major Civil Engineering Projects”. In order to publicize the work of consulting engineers and the contribution they make to the way humans all live, as well as to celebrate FIDIC’s centenary, FIDIC 2013

China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

launched the nomination for FIDIC Centenary Awards to 94 FIDIC member country associations and 3 regional association members. The nominations were judged against a number of criteria including international recognition, technical excellence, innovation, and how well they have endured and their sustainability. China International Water and Electric Corporation (CWE) Won “China Green-Benefit Enterprise Green Responsibility Award” Issued by World Economic and Environmental Conference (WEC) On 30th Jun., 2013, the Presidium and High-level Roundtable Consultative Meeting of the 6th World Economic and Environmental Conference (WEC) was convened in Beijing. CWE was awarded the 2013 China Green-Benefit Enterprise Green Responsibility Award by the Organizing Committee of WEC. The award-winning reason for CWE said that “China International Water and Electric Corporation (CWE), as an important vehicle of China Three Gorges Corporation (CTG) to implement the strategy of “going global”, greatly promoted the low-carbon and sustainable development of many countries, especially those of the third world, through its execution of hydropower, wind power, and environmental protection projects, and obtained recognition of the host countries, vigorously fulfilling its responsibilities with remarkable contributions to the communication between China and the world, the third world countries in particular.”

Negative Information Concerning Violation of Environmental Protection Rules

No violation of environmental protection rules occurred in year 2013. 2013

10 Energy Development

2. Energy Development

China Three Gorges Corporation is committed to the efficient development and scientific operations of large-scale hydropower, and actively develops wind, solar and other new clean energy. Along with the Xiangjiaba Project and Xiluodu Project at lower Jinsha River putting into operation, and the smooth implementation of “Integrated Regulation” management model for cascade hydropower stations, the great ecological, environmental, and economical benefits brought by joint operation of cascade reservoirs have continuously demonstrated.

Clean Energy Development

CTG is a clean energy corporation taking its strategic position in the development and operation of large-scale hydropower. Its core business is the development and operation of large-scale hydropower, and has also been actively involved in wind, solar power as well as other clean energy. In the next few years, CTG will take bringing the comprehensive benefits of Upper Yangtze mainstream cascade reservoirs into full play as a strategic priority; accelerate the construction of Wudongde Project and Baihetan Project, actively develop wind power and other new energy. By year 2020, CTG’s total installed hydropower capacity in operation will exceed 70 GW, and installed capacity for wind power and other new energy in operation will reach 20 GW.

In 2013, Xiangjiaba Project and Xiluodu Project achieved objectives of impoundment and power generation on schedule, with the commissioned installed capacity of 10.65 GW. In 2013, CTG newly built 12 wind power projects, 27 PV power plant projects. By the end of 2013, the total installed capacity in operation for wind power, solar power, and small hydropower summed up to 3.0049 GW, in which 1.4202 GW was newly added in 2013.

CTG actively implemented the "Going Global" strategy, made full advantage of the “Three Gorges” brand, the hydropower development and operation technologies as well as management advantages, gradually established an integrated "consultation, planning and design, investment, construction, operation" business system. CTG has made progress in the fields of international hydropower project consulting, EPC, and BOOT. As of the end of 2013, CTG has 79 projects under construction distributed in more than 30 countries and regions. 2013

11 China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

CTG Domestic Clean Energy Development in 2013

Accumulated Total Installed Installed Capacity Power Power Project Capacity by the End Put in Operation in Generation Generation of 2013 2013 Volume in 2013 Volume ( ) (MW) (GW·h) MW (GW·h) Three Gorges 22,500 0 82,827 711,966 Gezhouba 2,735 0 15,860 457,011

Xiangjiaba 4,800 2,250 18,378 19,953 Hydropower Xiluodu 8,400 8,400 11,180 11,180 Small 217 0.8 974 2,773 Hydropower Wind Power 2,030.5 695 2,858 5,840 Solar Energy 757.4 724.4 261 280

Comprehensive Benefits of Three Gorges Project

Flood Control

During the flood season of 2013, the total volume of incoming water at TGP site was 226.11 billion m3, with corresponding average discharge reached 21200 m3/s. CTG conducted flood control regulation for five times, the maximum peak reduction reached 14000m3/s, and flood detention volume accumulated to 11.837 billion m3.

Navigation

In 2013, the operation of TGP ship locks reached the number of 10,770 lock times. The total number of vessels passed through the ship locks amounted to 46,000 times with a passing 2013

12 Energy Development freight volume of 97.07 million tons, and 432,000 passengers. The dam by-passing cargo volume was 10.16 million tons. ) Ecological Water Compensation 3 25

In 2013, TGP has released water 20 compensation for middle and lower reach 15 of Yangtze for a total number of 146 10 days , volume of 21.05 billion m3 and 50 daily compensate water 1410 m3/s, which 0 Released water (Billion m 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 effectively alleviated the water stress in Year the livelihood, production, and ecological Ecological Water Compensation Volume of TGP system in downstream Yangtze area. 2007-2013

50,000

45,000 /s) 3

(m 40,000 inflow outflow 35,000

Flow rate 30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0 01-10 02-20 04-11 05-31 07-20 09-08 10-28 12-17 Date Comparison of Inflows and Outflows of TGP Reservoir in 2013 2013

13 China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

3. Ecological Conservation

CTG insists orderly construction and operation on the basis of ecological conservation, attaches great importance to the integration of both engineering and natural conservation approaches. CTG adopted multiple effective measures to actively protect the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and comprehensively carried out water and soil conservation, as well as ecological restoration.

Territorial Ecological Conservation

By adopting various protective measures, such as of germplasm resources preservation, preservation in botanic gardens, ex situ conservation, and construction of rare and endemic plant cultivation bases, etc., CTG has implemented studies and protection for rare and endemic plants in Three Gorges area such as Davidia involucrata (Chinese Dove tree), Myricaria laxiflora, Adiantum reniforme var. sinense, and Taxus chinensis (Chinese yew). Ancient and rare trees in the construction areas have been protected in situ or ex situ. Soil and water conservation and ecological restoration were also carried out in different construction areas on the basis of soil and water conservation plans.

Construction of Rare and Endemic Plants Cultivation Base and Cultivation of Rare Species

The Three Gorges Cultivation Base of Rare and Endemic Plants was established in July 2008, covering an area of 136,000 m2, mainly aiming at the research and protection of rare and endemic plants in the Three Gorges area. In year 2013, various studies and practices have been conducted in the introduction and acclimation, maintenance and management, and tissue culture research for Three Gorges rare and endemic plants including Davidia involucrata (Chinese Dove tree) and Taxus chinensis (Chinese yew), and achieved important results.

2013 Protection of Ancient and Rare Trees

All the construction areas attached importance to the protection of ancient and rare trees by protecting them on site or by transplanting to other places as the case may be.

14 control andconservationeffect isremarkable. under brought basically been has erosion ecological Soil well. the went and lands construction the executed, of restoration generally were slope projects yard, stocking transportation dumps, external slag and the all protection for measures conservation water and soil 2013, In Construction in Areas Restoration Ecological and Conservation Soil and Water research andprotectioninconjunctionwithrelevantdepartments. Shanghai and monitoring, systematic conducted Reserve, And etc. Reserve, Nature Nature Sturgeon Chinese YangtzeEstuary Sturgeon Chinese Yangtze Yichang Reserve, Nature Fishes Upper including reserves Yangtzenature of construction the funded Endemic has and CTG Rare Engineering ConstructionofNature Reserves flow energy dissipation. ecological releasing, regulation, aswellengineeringmitigationmeasuressuchstratifiedwaterintakeandbottom and breeding fish Yangtze, of fish endemic and rare other and sturgeon on Chinese of protection and research as such protection, ecosystem aquatic facilities for measures of series engineering reserve nature a took actively Yangtze.also on It stations wildlife releasing and breeding Yangtzefish mainstream and aquatic of construction the funded CTG Aquatic EcologicalConservation control rationofsoilerosionwas0.08. the and vegetation, by covered was land 11.00% remediated, was land treated, used was 59.98% erosion soil 61.8% collected, in was slag obtained 86% were area: work results preparation expected the 2013, of end the by statistics, monitoring the to Conservation Soil and Water reports. monitoring the four issued and 2013 in Project According Baihetan on monitoring the With Project. stared, Baihetan times four conducted WaterCommission Changjiang Resources of Center Monitoring for comprehensively leveling) work land as supply, well preparation water as to roads (access work and preparation the electricity for year critical a was 2013 Year Ecological Conservation

15 2013 China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

Construction of Aquatic Biological Resources Conservation Research Base and Breeding and Releasing Station

CTG established a research platform for aquatic life resource protection in hydropower development based on its Chinese sturgeon Research Institute, which was responsible for the technical research on the protection of Chinese sturgeon and rare and endemic fish species

Artificial Propagation Technology System of Chinese Sturgeon Tends Mature In 2013, the fifth installment of artificial propagated second filial generation Chinese sturgeon successfully germinated in Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute (CSRI) of CTG. The CSRI made twice successful artificial propagation to group one first filial generation Chinese sturgeon which spawned 300,000 eggs and eventually got 190,000 germinated. This was the new record of germinated numbers after the first success in the research of Chinese sturgeon artificial propagation in 2009. This demonstrates the artificial propagation technology system of Chinese sturgeon tends mature. The establishment of the technology system provides strong technical support to the species conservation for Chinese sturgeon and laid key foundation for the continuation and expansion of Chinese sturgeon population.

The Second Artificial Propagation for Leptobotia elongate Succeeded On June 9th 2013, the Leptobotia elongate artificial propagated by CSRI germinated in the Rare and Endemic Fish Breeding and Releasing Station at Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba projects on the Jinsha River. The 2000 fries germinated were around 5mm long. This was the second successful artificial propagation for Leptobotia elongate which marked a periodic research achievement. The Acclimation and Reproduction Technology for Rhinogobio ventralis Made Breakthrough In 2013 CSRI carried out acclimation and cultivation experiments for wild fishes. Three cultivation modes which may suit the single-year acclimation of wild Rhinogobio ventralis were set up and selected. In the reproduction period (April to May), 58 wild Rhinogobio ventralis were expedited spawning, and eventually success 2013 was made on April 20th. Through the experiment of artificial expedition spawning, the best oxytocics combination was selected. Furthermore, preliminary reproductive biology studies were also carried out for wild Rhinogobio ventralis and the year- round laws of gonad development was understood and mastered. The abovementioned researches laid firm technical foundation for further artificial reproduction experiment.

16 Ecological Conservation in the Yangtze River as well as the publicity and education on eco-environmental protection. The research bases consist of the Fish Nurturing Center Base at the Three Gorges dam area (in preparation), Huangbaihe Base, the Rare and Endemic Fish Breeding and Releasing Station at Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba projects on the Jinsha River, and Fish Breeding and Releasing Station at Wudongde-Baihetan projects on the Jinsha River. The Fish Nurturing Center Base at the Three Gorges dam area (in preparation) mainly focuses on the artificial propagation of Chinese sturgeon, Huangbaihe Base is mainly engaged in reproduction recovery aid and seedling cultivation research of Chinese sturgeon. In addition, CTG has also funded the construction of the Chishui River Breeding and Releasing Station, Chongqing Breeding and Releasing Station, etc.

Fish Breeding and Releasing

In 2013, CTG released more than 8,000 juvenile fish of Chinese Sturgeon, and more than 2,000 Myxocyprinus asiaticus (Chinese high fin banded shark) at the Yichang section of Yangtze River. In the Upper Yangtze River Rare and Endemic Fish National Nature Reserve, a total number of 852,000 fish fries including Acipenser dabryanus (Dabry's sturgeon), Myxocyprinus asiaticus (Chinese high fin banded shark), Leptobotia elongate, Procypris rabaudi, Spinibarbus sinensis, and Megalobrama pellegrini were released. A number of 12.89 million commercial fishes were released in the Daning River Basin in the Three Gorges Reservoir natural ecological fishing ground. CTG attaches great importance to the ecology conservation in international cooperation projects, and conducted relevant conservation work in line with the partner countries.

On July 16th 2013, Laos Nam Lik Hydropower LLC held “Nam Lik 1-2 Hydropower Station Aquatic Wild Animal Protection Day” event. The event aimed at “Practice social and environmental responsibility, Enhance aquatic ecology conservation”, and advocated and promoted the scientific concept of “Fishery benefits water and people”. More than 16,000 fish fries were released at lower Nam Lik River, which received high attention and enthusiastic responses from local government and villagers surrounding the power station. 2013

17 China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

Ecological Regulation

In June 2011, CTG conducted for the first time the ecological regulation for the natural reproduction of Chinese carps in the middle reaches of Yangtze River. Through scientific regulation, the spawning process of the Chinese carps has been effectively stimulated by the continued rising flood process. From May to June 2012, CTG conducted two ecological regulation tests. The total runoff of fish roes and larvae at Yidu cross-section reached 530 million. Natural reproduction of Chinese carps was observed in both ecological regulation tests. May 7th to 16th 2013, CTG again conducted experimental ecological regulation. According to the monitoring results from Chinese carps’ roes and larvae monitoring spots at Yidu, Shashi, and Jianli, during the monitoring period the total runoff of fish roes and larvae at Yidu, Shashi, and Jianli cross-section reached 131, 118, and 520 million. After the ecological regulation, large-scale of natural reproduction was monitored at Shashi section from May 15th to 18th, the number of roes reached 58.4 million, and then the hatched fries of Chinese carps were monitored at Jianli cross-section in following days May 19th to 25th. The results demonstrated that the ecological regulation in 2013 played positive catalytic role in Chinese carps’ natural reproduction in middle reach of Yangtze.

Engineering Measures

Measures including stratified water intake and bottom flow energy dissipation were adopted to mitigate the project impact on water body temperature and supersaturation, etc, thereby protecting aquatic ecology. The water intake of Xiluodu project adopted four laminated stop log gates (with a single gate flap at height of 12m), and water will be taken from five levels. The four laminated stop log gates are more favorable on maintaining the existing downstream aquatic environment than single level inlet gate scheme. At present, the stop log gate stratified water intake has been completed. The energy dissipation mode of flood discharge for Xiangjiaba project was modified from ski- jump energy dissipation mode to falling bottom flow energy dissipation mode, which could effectively reduce the potential impact on aquatic life in downstream nature reserve from supersaturated gas produced by ski-jump energy dissipation mode. 2013

18 waste, floating debris, hazardous solid waste have been effectively effectively been have waste solid hazardous debris, floating waste, domestic wastewater, domestic operation, and construction project from scientific wastewater equipments, advanced and Through measures effective management, operation. and construction project of process the in control and prevention pollution the to attention great pays always CTG Treatment ofIndustrialWastewater have beenmadetobuildcleanandhealthyenvironment. Efforts mitigated. and eliminated been has noises of impact and reduced, and controlled effectively been has dust Construction reused. and treated Baihetan Xiluodu Xiang- jiaba Industrial Wastewater Treatment inMainConstruction Areas in2013 ProjectName Wastewater Treatment System wastewater treatmentSystem Santan Aggregate processing system auxiliarywastewater Batching rinsewastewater Xinjian Village Aggregate Xinjian Village Concrete 4. 4. Tangfangping Artificial processing wastewater processing wastewater processing wastewater Huangtian Aggregate aggregate processing Concrete Production Mayanpo Aggregate Right bank Tianba treatment System treatment System treatment system treatment system treatment system Pollution Preventionand Control Wastewater - Wastewater sump Designed capacity:1000m DH efficient cyclonesystem+ Frame filtertreatmentprocess Designedcapacity:700m Total volumeof2,000,000m Designed capacity:705m Designed capacity:180m Designed capacity:450m Horizontal spiralradialflow Capacity and Techniques tank +Framefiltermethod, sedimentation +Centrifuge Parcels flowsedimentation efficient cyclonecleaner+ Chain scrapingsand+DH Secondarysedimentation radial flowsedimentation + machinerypressfilter Mechanical treatment+ DH efficient cyclone+ Designed Treatment Ceramic filtermethod - tailingsdamReuse Powder recovery+ Vacuum beltfilter dewatering 3 3 3 3 3 /h /h /h /h /h 3 quality complianceratewas100%, wastewater was451,500m and dewateredsludgewasdirectly transported totheresiduefieldfor wastewater was3,713,000m Pollution PreventionandControl wastewater was1,389,000m which allmeetsthedischarge Runningingoodcondition. Runningingoodcondition. Running ingoodcondition. Running ingoodcondition. treated wastewaterreused. Annual treatedindustrial Wastewater Treatment Annual treatedindustrial Annual treatedindustrial stockpiling. standard. 3 , water 3 , all 3 ,

19 2013 China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

Designed treatment capacity Project name Wastewater treatment and techniques Designed capacity: 705m3 / h Haizi Weiba Aggregate Annual treated industrial Tertiary treatment with four 3 concrete wastewater wastewater was 14,500 m , all ponds + raster filter + dosing treatment system treated wastewater reused. precipitation Designed capacity: 810m3 / h Xiabaitan Aggregate Annual treated industrial Mechanical flocculation + radial 3 processing wastewater wastewater was 261,700 m , all flow sedimentation + machinery treatment system treated wastewater reused. press filter dewatering Wudongde 3 Designed capacity: 24m / h Commissioned in November 880 concrete mixing Mechanical treatment + 2013. Treated a total annual wastewater treatment system Tertiary treatment with dosing 3 industrial wastewater 1,440 m . precipitation + reuse Designed capacity: 100m3 / h Treated a total annual industrial 850 concrete mixing Mechanical flocculation + 3 wastewater 227,600 m , all wastewater treatment system dosing precipitation + secondary treated wastewater reused. sedimentation pond

Wastewater treatment facilities were built for every aggregate processing system, concrete production system and machine maintenance system in all the construction areas. The regime of “Three Simultaneous” (which means the design, construction and operation of environmental protection facilities and main works were conducted simultaneously) for environmental protection is executed completely. Industrial wastewater discharge in all construction areas was achieving national Class I of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978—1996). The wastewater from the aggregate processing system of the Xiluodu Project, the Mayanpo aggregate processing system of the Xiangjiaba Project was completely recycled and reused. Treated industrial wastewater from construction areas of wind power and PV projects was partially reused for dust control in construction sites.

Treatment of Domestic Wastewater

In the construction areas of all projects, rain-sewage diversion drainage system and portable toilets have been set up. Most of the domestic waste water will be channeled to wastewater treatment plants for centralized treatment. In a few temporary living camps, complete- set wastewater treatment facilities or tertiary septic tanks were built to collect and treat decentralized wastewater. 2013 All wastewater treatment facilities are in good operation in 2013. Domestic wastewater discharge from construction areas of Three Gorges, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Baihetan, and Wudongde all met Class-I standard in Discharge Standard of Pollutants from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (GB 18918—2002). Domestic wastewater from construction sites of wind power projects and solar energy projects was treated by tertiary septic tank, and regularly cleared by the tankers with no discharge to the environment.

20 relevant agenciesforspecialdisposal. to commissioned or landfill, sanitary unified for landfills specified in buried and to transported and either and collection collected were wastes wastes non-recyclable The basis. and daily on operated are classified, transportation were Wastes spots. dump waste and tanks collecting waste waste bins, with equipped been have projects hydropower all of areas construction The Domestic Waste Treatment Three Gorges Project Name Xiangjiaba Wudongde Three Gorges Baihetan Xiluodu Project Xiangjiaba Wudongde Name Baihetan Xiluodu Domestic Waste Treatment inMainConstruction Areas in2013 Domestic Wastewater Treatment inMainConstruction Areas Treatment Plant Matoushangying Xincun Camp Huangjuebao Yangjiaping Huajiaowan Haiziweiba Lianhuachi Shuifu CountyMazigouLandfill(dependant) Jinpingzi Letianxi Sanping Sanping Xinjiancun Domestic Waste StorageField Huidong CountyLandfill(dependant) Fengxianggou Landfill(self-built) Xiluodugou Landfill(self-built) Treatment Measure A/O A/O Front Anaerobic Modified Intermittent aerationtank) (Demand aerationtank+ Oxidation DitchProcess intermittent activated DAT-IAT technology Treatment Process technology (Anaerobic (Sequencing batch technology (Anaerobic SBR technology aerobic process) aerobic process) A/O A/O A/O technology technology technology sludge) Landfill waste2,172t,whilealso treated1,420t garbage fromsurroundingtowns andvillages garbage fromsurroundingtownsandvillages Landfill waste1,130t,whilealsohandling Annual Processing Annual collectionof3,074tgarbage （万m Capacity 585,000 479,500 617,400 438,000 87,800 Landfill garbage10,578t Landfill garbage4,500t — — — Operation Situation Pollution PreventionandControl 3 ） Operation Situation Installed Installed Installed Good Good Good Good Good

21 2013 China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

Construction Dust Reduction

Construction roads were cleaned up and sprayed with sprinklers to set down dust in all construction areas. Dust removing devices were installed to production facilities prone to generate dust. Wet methods were adopted for production process prone to generate dust. Wet blasting was adopted for the excavation of project foundation and tail water channels. Fine and bulk materials prone to generate dust were covered or sprinkled and wetted. In 2013, the air quality in Three Gorges dam area was good, and the atmospheric pollutants emission of Xiluodu, Wudongde, and Baihetan Project met the Class-II requirements of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095— 1996).

Acoustic Environment Protection

Measures to protect acoustic environment were adopted in all project construction areas, including adjustment of layout of the construction areas, optimization of construction methods, reasonable arrangements for the construction time, selection in preference of low-noise construction machines and facilities, equipping sound-proofing devices, installation of sound insulation materials, setting up sound-proof walls, detouring transportation vehicles from living areas, limitation of vehicle speed and horn ban, conduction of timed blast, adoption of millisecond blast method, strict control of explosive charge, road pavement of asphalt concrete, as well as enhancement of personal protection. These measures positively and effectively prevented and mitigated the noise in construction areas from machines, supporting production devices, blasting, and transportation. 2013

22 (GB12523— 2011) (GB12523— In 2013, a total of 65,200m of total a 2013, In Floats Cleanup in standards 2013. to up were areas office and living or construction all at noise the showed results to According transportation reporting and approval process, 55.21 tons of waste oil were transported and and transported were oil waste disposed. of tons 55.21 process, approval and reporting transportation waste solid hazardous through 2013, In waste. solid of kinds different for approaches treatment “ standard waste, solid corporate a hazardous released regarding CTG regulations and laws national relevant with accordance In Hazardous SolidWaste Treatment andDisposal total floatscleanedupin2013wereabout30,000tons. The industry. wood local by reused and recycled then and scavenging, after site and on crushed processed were floats The etc. interception, surface water and dragnetting, boats grabbing, grapple scavenging, manual including adopted were methods All day. every vessels cleaning 11 October Xiangjiaba On in Reservoir. gathered floats of amount huge Project, Xiangjiaba of impoundment the Since Huaxin to delivered and scavenged were floats cement factoryforharmlesstreatment. the all work cleanup general of in and efficiency The increased area. dam constantly Gorges Three the at people of times 12,000 and Emission Standard of Environmental Noise for boundary of Construction Site Site Construction of boundary for Noise Environmental of Standard Emission and Acoustic Environment Quality Standard (GB3096— 2008) (GB3096— Standard Quality Environment Acoustic th 2012, cleanup work was started with input of 300 people and 16 16 and people 300 of input with started was work cleanup 2012, 3 surface floats were cleaned up by 2,700 times of cleaning vessels cleaning of times 2,700 by up cleaned were floats surface Solid Waste Management Approaches Management Waste Solid Pollution PreventionandControl ” which provided provided which ” , monitoring ,

23 2013 China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

5. Energy-saving and Emission- reduction

CTG has firmly established the green and low-carbon development concept, and constantly improve its energy-saving and emission- reduction management. CTG has attached importance to the energy consumption reduction in the process of project construction and power generation, and taken multiple measures and approaches for the conservation and comprehensive utilization of energy and resources. The practice and publicity campaigns for energy-saving and emission- reduction were promoted to achieve the low-energy consumption, low pollution, and low-emission targets.

Energy-saving and Emission-reduction Management

In 2013, through strengthening leadership and responsibility, in-depth exploration, technology innovation, extensive publicity, and other measures, CTG accelerated the construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly clean energy projects, improved its energy efficiency greatly and reduced pollutant emissions significantly. ◎ Improvement of Rules and Regulations CTG released regulations including CTG Management Approach for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Monitoring, CTG Management Approach for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Statistics, CTG Management Approach for Resources and Energy Saving, etc. to strengthen energy-saving efforts. ◎ Establishment of Examination Mechanism CTG strictly followed national laws, regulations, and standards on energy-saving and environmental protection, and assigned responsibilities for effective management. Objectives on energy-saving and emission-reduction were set up as well as assessment and examination mechanism, and the objectives were broken down to different levels of departments. Supervision was strengthened, and examination was carried out at different ranks in order to 2013 ensure the energy-saving and emission-reduction work being implemented practically and producing benefits. ◎ Strengthening Monitoring and Statistics CTG has strictly implemented monitoring and statistical work for energy-saving and emission- reduction, strengthened monitoring on working sites, paid close attention to various data and

24 Energy-saving and Emission-reduction parameters variations, and meanwhile timely and accurate collected, summarized and analyzed the reality of resources and energy use and pollutant emissions, comprehensively grasped the situation on energy consumption and pollutant emission. Cases of resource wasting and environmental pollution were timely detected and disposed. ◎ Publicity and Educational Activities CTG has actively carried out various forms of publicity and education activities in project construction and daily office work to increase employee’s awareness and consciousness of energy conservation. The concept of “combat with wasting, praise the saving” and sustainable development was established. The responsibilities of energy-saving and emission-reduction were dispatched to every production sector and technological process, which would make energy-saving every employee’s conscious behavior and eventually form the atmosphere that the whole staff participate and promote energy-saving and emission-reduction.

Main Results on Energy-saving and Emission-reduction

CTG Clean Energy Development and Energy-saving and Emission-reduction in 2013

Electricity Generation Standard Coal Saved CO2 Emission Reduction Project Name Volume (GW·h) (million tons) (million tons) Three Gorges 82,827 26.5875 68.2501 Power Plant Gezhouba 15,860 5.0911 13.0689 Power Plant Hydropower Xiangjiaba 18,378 5.8993 15.1435 Power Plant Xiluodu Power 11,180 3.5888 9.2125 Plant Others 1,542 0.4950 1.2707 Wind Power 2,858 0.9174 2.3550 Solar Energy 261 0.0838 0.2151 Others 53 0.0170 0.0436 Total 132,960 42.6799 109.5594

Note: CO2 emission reduction formula WCO2 = Q × Ece × EF, thereinto WCO2 is the CO2 emission (t); Q is the electricity generation (100GW·h); Ece is the coal consumption for electricity supply, the mean value

announced in 2013 by China Electricity Council is used: 32,100t (ce) / (100GW·h); EF is the CO2 emission factor for standard coal, the recommended value published on Universal Energy-saving and Emission-

reduction Handbook issued by Ministry of Science and Technology in 2007 was used: 2.567t (CO2) /t (ce). 2013

25 China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

CTG has been quite active in CDM project development and registration. For the moment, CTG has developed 39 CDM projects among which there are 33 wind power projects, 2 hydropower projects, and 4 PV projects. All the 39 projects have been successfully registered in the United Nations (10 of them have earned income from carbon emission reduction). In 2013, the income from CDM carbon emission reduction numbered 12.0198 million EUR (around 96.1536 million

RMB Yuan), equivalent to 420,000 t CO2 emission reduction.

CTG CDM Projects Registered and Earning Emission-reduction Income

Project Name Registration Date Yunnan Lazhai Hydropower Project May 2nd 2008 Hydropower Yunnan Maguan Laqi Hydropower Project April 8th 2010 Laos Nam Lik 1-2 Hydropower Project July 23rd 2013 Jilin Baicheng ChaganHot Wind Farm Project August 17th 2007 Zhejiang Cixi Wind Farm Project December 9th 2008 Diaobingshan New-built Wind Farm Project February 7th 2009 Huade Changshun Wind Farm Project Phase I February 28th 2009 Wind Power Jiangsu Xiangshui Wind Farm Project March 18th 2010 Inner Mongolia Shangdu Jiqingliang Wind Farm Project November 27th 2010

Zhurihe Wind Farm Project Phase I in Nita Right October 24th 2011 Banner, Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia

Jilin Baicheng ChaganHot Wind Farm Phase II Project November 25th 2011 2013

26 impact on power generation. In 2013, the power generation of Three Gorges – Gezhouba Gezhouba – Gorges Three of generation power the 2013, In generation. power on impact negative mitigate and resources hydropower of use full made CTG regulation, proper Through and Resources Water Save to Increase Power Generation Resources Flood of Utilization Effective Typical CasesonEnergy-savingand Emission-reduction utilization rate. hydropower Three in increase of 5.70% to equivalent generation stations, hydropower cascade power Gezhouba – GW·h Gorges 5,477 increased which flood 10 small-scale for (June optimization 2013 of season flood the In power increase to resources water saved generation. hydropower, of units, rate the of utilization time the stop and increased start thus shorten and took loss head full, reduce the to efforts to made plants, power regulation Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoir for pattern operation units cascade the arrange of properly to measures effective advantage the exploited CTG 2013, In ◎ plan generation power Gezhouba of achieved 98.18%. accuracy daily and 99.94%, achieved power TGP plan of accuracy generation daily 97.86%, 2013, achieved In TGR to accuracy. volume inflow forecast 24h of hydrologic accuracy the multi- improve to strived multi-programme, measures, multi-model, forecasting adopted approach and forecast, regional conducted actively development, plan generation power its strengthened CTG weathers, complex under institutions and forecasting professional relevant flood with consultation and communication big of system the and system, system, watching consultation forecast hydrologic the with line in 2013, In ◎ m m billion (448.077 2012 than m billion 367.813 was Reservoir Gorges Three to volume inflow total the that fact hydropower,the of given rate utilization higher a (16,062 meant actually that But 2012). than less GW·h 98,687 to year last than 14.0% c.a. by decreased stations hydropower cascade 3

). Take advantagetooptimizefloodregulation Develop powergenerationplanandimproveforecastaccuracy 3 ), and 18.4% less than historical average volume (451.000 billion (451.000 volume average historical than less 18.4% and ),

th o etme 30 September to Energy-saving andEmission-reduction th ), CTG carried out five times times five out carried CTG ), 3 , 17.9% less 17.9% ,

27 2013 China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

120,000 6,000 Electricity Generation 100,000 5,000 Increased Power Generation 80,000 4,000 from Water Savings 60,000 3,000

40,000 2,000

20,000 1,000 Increased Power Generation 0 0 Savings (GW·h)Water from Electricity Generation(GW·h) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Year 2003-2013 Power Generation and Increased Power Generation by Water-saving of Three Gorges – Gezhouba Cascade Hydropower Stations

Effective Resource Recycling and Comprehensive Utilization

During the projects construction process, through measures such as backfilling and utilization of topsoil resource, treatment and reuse of industrial and domestic wastewater, classification and treatment of solid (hazardous) waste, CTG achieved effective resources recycling and reuse.

Comprehensive Utilization of Excavated Earthwork During the construction process of Wudongde Project, the waste produced in excavation and tunnel digging was used for leveling and backfilling in construction area. The topsoil generated from early stage of excavation was collected and stockpiled, and useful materials were specially stacked and managed to use as aggregate or filling material for different purposes, thus waste could be reduced at maximal level and utilization rate could be increased.

Treatment and Reuse of Industrial and Domestic Wastewater The washing wastewater from Mayanpo aggregate processing system in Xiangjiaba Project were collected and discharged into tailings pond for clarification and reuse. In 2013, a total amount of 3.713 million m3 clarified water were reused through this 2013 wastewater treatment system. The reclaimed water from Sanping domestic wastewater treatment plant in Xiluodu Project were used for afforestation water consumption after pressurized through two frequency conversion pumps in higher zone and lower zone. In 2013, about 81,000 m3 treated wastewater were reused by Sanping domestic wastewater treatment plant.

28 Energy-saving and Emission-reduction

Technology Optimization, Renovation, Energy Conservation and Consumption Reduction

For energy-saving and consumption reduction, CTG actively promoted technology transformation, equipment renovation, and management optimization to reasonably arrange the operation mode of energy-consuming equipments, and apply achievements from energy-saving technology research.

In 2013, Gezhouba power plant adopted new technologies to renovate equipments, which improved equipment reliability and meanwhile reduced energy consumption. ◆ Renovation for 2 power generator units was completed, and renovation for 6 hydraulic turbines advanced orderly to increase hydropower utilization rate; ◆ Transformation for 6 main transformers was completed by the change to energy- saving product which would reduce 256kW comprehensive loss for each unit. Transform loss would be greatly reduced after commissioning, the electricity added to grid annually would increase 1.075 GW·h (given 6000h annual working time); ◆ CTG accelerated the technical renovation progress for excitation equipments, rectifier devices were replaced from forced air cooling ones to heat pipe self-cooling ones to reduce 20kW power loss. After commissioning it would reduce 120 MW·h electricity consumption annually (given 6000h annual working time). 2013

29 China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

6. Monitoring and Research

Relying on relatively complete ecological and environmental monitoring system, CTG carried out long-term monitoring and assessment on the environment of construction areas and river basins, hydropower operation impacts on river basin ecology and environment, as well as the effects of environmental protection measures.

Monitoring System The Ecological and Environmental Monitoring System of the Three Gorges Project

The monitoring system, focusing on the reservoir area and covering the middle and lower reaches as well as the estuary area of the Yangtze River, consists of 27 key monitoring stations. The content of monitoring includes pollution sources, aquatic environment, agricultural ecology, terrestrial ecology, wetland ecology, aquatic ecology, atmospheric environment, geological hazards, earthquake, and human health, etc. The relevant information could be referred to the information website of the ecological and environmental monitoring system for the Three Gorges Project (http://www.tgenviron.org/). Relevant monitoring results could be found in Three Gorges Project Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Gazette. 2013

30 Monitoring and Research

Environmental Monitoring System for the Cascade Hydropower Stations on the Lower Reach of Mainstream Jinsha River

CTG planed the Environmental Monitoring System for the Cascade Hydropower Stations on the Lower Reach of Mainstream Jinsha River which. The monitoring system mainly conducts the comprehensive and entire process environmental monitoring for the areas and river basins of the four main cascade hydropower stations on lower Jinsha River. It aims to grasp the temporal and spatial dynamic process of the projects region/basin, to timely implement environmental protection measures and mitigate adverse environmental impacts, hence to protect regional/ basin ecological environment. The ecological and environmental monitoring systems for Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu construction areas have already been implemented.

Aquatic Ecological and Environmental Monitoring System for Upper Yangtze Rare and Endemic Fishes Nature Reserve and Related Water Body

The system, through dynamic monitoring of fish resources and environment, by accumulating basic data of rare and endemic fishes in the upper Yangtze River and the conservation areas of fish resources and environment, would forecast negative trend and release warning, propose measures to mitigate negative impacts, so as to support the project construction and environmental protection in Jinsha River, the protection of eco-environment and bio-diversity of the Upper Yangtze Rare and Endemic Fishes Nature Reserve, and the sustainable development of the Yangtze River fishery.

In fishing seasons of spring and autumn of 2013, monitoring on key fish resources were carried out in river sections including Panzhihua - Qiaojia, Yongshan - Shuifu, Yibin - Luzhou, Jiangjin - Banan, and Chuishui – Renhuai, etc. In the fish breeding, fattening, and wintering periods in 2013, fish habitats monitoring on nature reserves and relevant waters were carried out in river sections including Yongshan - Shuifu, Yibin - Luzhou, Jiangjin - Banan, and Chuishui – Renhuai, etc.. 2013

31 China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

Water Environment Quality Monitoring Water Environment Quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir Main Stream and Dam Downstream River Section

Based on the water quality monitoring results at cross-sections including Zhutuo, Tongguanyi,

Cuntan, Tuokou, and Guandukou, etc. and evaluated on indicators as CODMn, NH3-N, and TP, the water quality in the mainstream of Three Gorges Reservoir in 2013 met the Category-III requirements of Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB 3838—2002). The water quality at Taipingxi and Letianxi cross-sections in the Yangtze mainstream were kept at Category-I.

Taipingxi (monitoring section at reservoir head) Letianxi (monitoring section below dam) Ⅲ Class

Ⅱ

Ⅰ

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Year 1994-2013 Water Quality at Taipingxi (in front of TGP dam) and Letianxi (downstream of TGP dam) cross-sections

Aquatic Environment Monitoring on Key Tributaries of Three Gorges Reservoir

In 2013, CTG carried out monitoring and monthly inspections on aquatic environment of key tributaries, so understood and grasped the eutrophication status of the key tributaries in different reservoir operation phases as impounding and draining. The water bodies in key tributaries were mainly in mesotrophication, while in flood season it tended worse but after impounding it turned better.

2013 In 2013 in the Three Gorges Reservoir, typical algal blooms (which lasted more than a week and the impacted area extended longer than 2km river section) occurred 6 times, while monitoring results from 12 key reservoir tributaries indicated that in average 13 times of typical blooms happened annually since TGR’s tentative impoundment. This indicated the occurrence of typical algal bloom significantly reduced in 2013 than past years.

32 Monitoring and Research

Sediment in the Three Gorges Reservoir

In 2013, about 126.6 million tons of sediment was washed into the Three Gorges Reservoir, 38% less than the average amount of 2003 - 2011, and 42.6% less than 2012. The outflow of sediment was 32.4 million tons which caused sediment accumulated in the reservoir amounted to 94.2 million tons, which means the sediment release ratio was 25.6%.

5 Sediment Release Ratio (%)

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Year 2003-2013 Sediment Release Ratio of Three Gorges Reservoir

Water Environment Quality in Lower Reach of Jinsha River Mainstream

Three indicators, i.e., CODMn, NH3-N, and TP were applied for evaluation. The results in 2013 showed that the concentration of all three indicators at all cross-sections, including Sanduizi, Daxichang, Xingtian, 500m upstream from Xintanba, Jinsha River Bridge, and 500m upstream from the confluence of Hengjiang River with Jinsha River, were lower than the standard value of Category-III from Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB 3838—2002).The water quality in Xiangjiaba Reservoir and Xiluodu Reservoir were in good condition without abnormalities after impoundment.

Monitoring of Fishery Resources Status

In 2013, there were 37 endemic fishes monitored in Jinsha River, mainstream of the Yangtze River, and Chinshui River, including Paracobitis potanini, Leptobotia elongate, Coreius guichenoti, Rhinogobio ventralis, Xenophysogobio boulengeri, Procypris rabaudi, Jinshaia sinensis, Liobagrus marginatoides, Oreias (mountain loach), Triplophysa anterodorsalis, Anabarilius liui, Schizothorax dolichonema, Schizothorax prenanti, Schizothorax kozlovi, 2013

33 China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

euchiloglansis kishinouyei, Leptobotia microphthalrna, Yunnanilus sichuanensis, Xenocypris yunnanensis, Xenocypris fangi, Ancherythroculter wangi, Gnathopogon herzensteini, Acrossocheilus monticolus, Sinogastromyzon sichangensis, Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis, etc. Key commercial fishes were Coreius guichenoti, Pelteobagrus vachelli, Cyprinus carpio, mudcat, Saurogobio dabryi, Rhinogobio ventralis, Leiocassis longirostris, Leptobotia elongate, Spinibarbus sinensis, Pseudobagrus truncatus, Mystus macropterus, Schizothorax wangchiachii, Rhinogobio cylindricus, etc. The runoff of roes and fry at Jiangjin monitoring cross section was 3.971 billion, among which the runoff of the major four Chinese carps was 269 million, and that of coreius heterodon was 387 million. The water quality in the reserve area was generally in good condition, and basically met the requirements for fish growth and breeding.

Scientific Research on Ecological and Environmental Protection

In recent years, CTG achieved outstanding results in some areas through long-term scientific research targeted on protection of rare and endemic species in construction and its impacted areas, ecological and environmental protection hot issues, as well as the projects with great significance to local economy development. In 2013, The focuses were on fish protection studies such as “key environmental factors for reproduction and growth of rare and endemic fishes”, “key technologies for ecological fishery in Three Gorges Reservoir”, “reproduction technology and habitat conservation of Upper Yangtze rare and endemic fishes”, “effect evaluation of the breeding and releasing for upper Yangtze rare and endemic fishes”, etc. as well as the monitoring on GHG emission flux in Xiluodu Project and Xiangjiaba Project.

◎ Gynogenesis Research of Chinese Sturgeon

Parthenogenesis technology is the last reproduction measure adopted to save critically endangered animals under extreme circumstances when only single sex individuals remaining. Gynogenesis technology is the reproduction method that producing offspring only by female individuals. Through certain treatment, it stimulates the eggs to develop into new generation, whose genetic materials composition completely comes from the female parent. The gynogenesis research of Chinese sturgeon is the reproduction technology reserves for Chinese 2013 sturgeon and other critically endangered sturgeons in Yangtze. The research took inactivated sperm to stimulate eggs development, and then through doubling treatment it obtained offspring with the same DNA ploidy as the female mother. The research result showed it can reproduce Chinese sturgeon offspring completely from female mother, i.e. through parthenogenesis. The technology is of great significance to the conservation of critically endangered sturgeons.

34 Monitoring and Research

◎ Reservoir Greenhouse Gas Monitoring at Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba Project

As well all know, reservoir impoundment for power generation will inevitably submerge a certain amount of land and to some extent change the original source-sink features of regional greenhouse gas (GHG), hence the hydropower GHG emission has become a focus of debate, and to some extent it has impacted public’s objective understanding on hydropower. Lack of monitoring data has been the main constraint to quantitative assessment. CTG has attached great importance to the problem. Based on field investigation to Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba Project reservoir submerged area, GHG emission flux monitoring work was carried out at two reservoirs to monitor and analyze terms including GHG emission flux characteristics before impoundment and at the initial stage of impoundment, aquatic environment characteristics, land cover, biomass, and vegetation coverage on submerged area before impoundment, etc. The research filled the gaps between the lack of baseline reservoir GHG emission flux data and quantitative assessment of reservoir GHG net emissions, thus laid foundation for objective and quantitative assessment on hydropower’s “clean” attribute.

◎ Research on Alternative Fish Habitat under Lower Jinsha River Hydropower Development

In-situ and ex-situ conservation are the two main measures for aquatic organism conservation. The main way for in-situ conservation is to study the aquatic organism in the river section affected by hydropower development, and then to find and conserve suitable river sections/ tributaries for living and breeding as alternative habitat. Investigation in lower Jinsha River hydropower development showed that among the 160 fish species in lower Jinsha River, there were 151 fish species appeared in the Upper Yangtze Rare and Endemic Fishes National Nature Reserve, in particular the Chishui River Basin in which the mainstream was dam-free. CTG strengthened its input in the research and key conservation of Chishui River Basin as the alternative fish habitat under lower Jinsha River hydropower development. Meanwhile CTG carried out alternative habitat studies for the aquatic organisms in tributaries of lower Jinsha River, made optimization and selection based on the hydropower planning and development reality, river environment, sediment, bait organisms, and fishery resources, etc. of Yalong River, Longchuan River, Mengguo River, Chen River, Shenyu River, Pudu River, Xiao River, Yili River, and Heishui River, etc. The research proposed suitable river sections or tributaries as alternative habitats, and proposed conservation measures such as maintaining river connectivity and habitat maintenance for Wudongde Reservoir tail area (about 40km long mainstream Jinsha River section from downstream of Yijiang dam to Wudongde Reservoir tail end at flood control level, as well as 15km long Yalong River section from downstream of Tongzilin dam to confluence), and Heishui River (65km long river section from

Puge County to Heishui River confluence). 2013

35 China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

7. Public Concerns TGP’s Enormous Comprehensive Benefits

Undergone investigation, survey, design, scientific study and reasoning for nearly half a century, the Three Gorges Project officially commenced on December 14th 1994. The first generator unit of TGP was officially put into commercial operation on grid on November 22nd 2003. As of year 2013, TPG has been operating smoothly and efficiently for ten years amid controversy. Although the controversy triggered by this world’s largest water control project has been endless, experts highly recognized the enormous comprehensive benefits in flood control, power generation, navigation, draught relief, and water supplementation produced in the ten years.

Flood Control for Tranquil Yangtze River

Yangtze River Basin accounts for about 1/3 of the nation’s population, fresh water resources, and food production, and 40% in GDP even. Historically floods causing heavy casualties and property damage occur every ten years in Yangtze. The big flood in 1998 caused 24 dyke breaches and over warning water level on longer than 1700km Jingjiang section, and 480,000 personnel was put on combating flood at peak periods. The completion of TGP formed a huge reservoir with storage of 39.3 billion m3, in which 22.15 billion m3 is flood control capacity, and upgraded the flood control standard of Jingjiang section, which was the most threatening section of Yangtze with the lowest flood control standard among the nation’s seven biggest river systems, from once in ten years to once a century. After completion, TGP has experienced two big flood peaks in 2010 and 2012. In the flood season of 2012, TGP successfully passed the examination of the biggest flood peak (71,200 m3/s) since impoundment, with maximum peak reduction reached 282,000m3/s. Flood detention volume accumulated to 22.8 billion m3 in that flood season, equivalent to the volume of five Jingjiang flood storage zones, and guaranteed the safety of Yangtze.

Power Generation and Emission Reduction 2013 TGP is the huge-scale power source in the central route of the project Electricity Transmission from western to the eastern China. As of the end of 2013, TGP has commissioned installed capacity of 22,500 MW; the radius of its power transmission reached half of China, and effectively mitigated the tension of power supply. Statistics demonstrated that in the past ten years, TGP has accumulatively generated electricity for 760,000 GW·h, equivalent to more than 200 million tons of standard coal equivalent (SCE), thus showed great energy saving benefits.

36 Navigation located, hasgreatlyreducedafterthecompletionof TGP. and is TGP where City, Yichangin waste, rain acid solid of area water, the results, waste monitoring to of According etc. dust, amount large with along oxides, Nitrogen of tons 370,000 10 reduces average, CO of tons million in It annually which, plants. for power benefits thermal emission-reduction large-scale significant several produces to equivalent is TGP of generation power The It effectively improved the conditions of livelihood, production, ecology, and navigation, and navigation, and ecology, production, livelihood, of conditions the improved effectively It emergency.relief drought for regions downstream to city, people ten-million a of consumption m billion 5.4 amounted water released decades. TGR in drought severe most the from suffered Basin Yangtzelower River and central of regions some 2011, In industrial anddomesticwateruseintheareaduringwinters andsprings. and central supplied accumulatively has m billion Yangtzelower 92.85 TGR with statistics, to According demonstrated. been have benefits supplementation water season dry its TGR, of impoundment tentative the Since Basin. River Yangtzelower and central for reserve resources water key the become has TGR level hasbeenincreasinglyhighlighted. national and Basin YangtzeRiver at resources strategic key of configuration the in role TGR’s m 4000 over at maintained be could Yangtzeof discharge the resources season, dry water in fresh Even reserve. strategic largest nation’s the become has Reservoir Gorges Three The Ecological Water SupplementationandDroughtRelief times ofthefreightvolumepassedGezhoubashiplocksin22yearsbefore TGP impoundment. 3.6 is which tons, million 760 reached cross-section TGPpassed volume freight total the cargo, by-passing dam by cargo.Added tons million 640 and passengers, million 10.01 with 570,000, reached accumulatively locks ship TGP the through passed vessels of number total the years, 31 December 1/3. of about As reduced cost transportation while fivefold increased has volume freight average annual The Waterway”. “Golden real the Yangtze made has TGP navigation 24hoursandallyearround. – Chongqing of grade to open channel been then has section The I. Class to III navigation Class from upgraded been has the Yichangsection and 5000t, to 1000t from increased The tonnage Yangtze. vessel of accessible the conditions, development navigation the improved navigation significantly the TGR of impoundment restricted low in which was section conditions, poor Chuanjiang of and channel grade navigation the TGP, of construction the Before 2 emission, 2 million tons of SO of tons million 2 emission, 3 water since 2008, which effectively relieved the tension in tension the relieved effectively which 2008, since water 2 emission, 10 thousand tons of CO emission, CO of tons thousand 10 emission, 3 , equivalent to the annual water annual the to equivalent , st Public Concerns 2013, in ten in 2013, 3 /s.

37 2013 China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

made important contribution to the drought relief. TGR showed significant effect in resisting saltwater intrusion. According to monitoring data, due to the 70% less than average precipitation in Yangtze River Basin in January 2014, and water level of lower Yangtze kept low in February, which caused the longest saltwater intrusion in 21 years in Yangtze Estuary and affected 2 million people’s domestic water use in Shanghai. In order to take countermeasures, TGR increased water supplementation to downstream Yangtze with 7.386 billion m3 water accumulated from January to early March. The water significantly improved the saltwater intrusion situation, again played TGP’s great role for public welfare at critical moment. For ten years, TGP has produced irreplaceable and enormous benefits in aspects such as effective flood control, drought relief, provision of clean energy, improvement of navigation in Yangtze, etc, and promoted the coordination between local economy, society, resources and environment as well as sustainable development. It has had extensive and far-reaching impacts on the ecology and environment in the reservoir area. 2013

38 Public Concerns 2013

39 China Three Gorges Corporation Annual Report Of Environmental Protection 2013

Future Prospects

The 18th National Congress of Communist Party of China stood at a new historical starting point and made the strategic decision on “vigorously promote the ecological development”. The third plenum of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC further made new request on “accelerate system building to promote ecological civilization progress”. Faced with increasing resources constraints, severe environmental pollution and deteriorating ecosystems, it is of decisive significance for solving various problems in the nation’s development by promoting ecological progress and accelerating system building to promote ecological progress. As a large-scale state- owned enterprise engaged in clean energy- mainly hydropower- development and operation, China Three Gorges Corporation must insist on the hydropower development philosophy of “building a first-class hydropower station to stimulate the local economy, improve the local environment, and benefit the resettled residents”, establish the ecological development philosophy of “respect nature, adapt to nature, conserve nature”, resolutely implement the strategic decisions made by the Central Committee of the CPC, strengthen at full range the corporate ecological environment development, and make due contributions on building a beautiful China. Year 2014 is the first year in thoroughly implementing the spirit of the third plenum of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC, is the tackling year in deepening reform of CTG, and is also the key year to promote the implementation of CTG “12th Five-year Plan” and plan for “13th Five-year Plan” development. CTG will constantly strive for perfection to safely and efficiently operate the cascade hydropower plants in Yangtze River Basin; consistently carry out quality construction of large-scale hydropower station projects, actively and orderly promote new energy development, actively and prudently promote the development of international business, strengthen business management including ecology and environment protection, focus on improve the quality of development and efficiency, and strive to achieve sound and fast development. China Three Gorges Corporation will firmly respond to the call of the Central Committee of the CPC, take “provision of clean energy, build a better home” as own responsibility, with firmer confidence and steadier pace, solidarize and encourage the people, determine to forge ahead, overcome difficulties, vigorously develop clean energy, promote low-carbon, cyclic, and green development, comprehensively promote all works including environmental protection, steadfastly move forward to the goal of building a world-class clean energy conglomerate, and make contributions to fulfill the Chinese dream of achieving the great renewal of the Chinese nation. 2013