About This Report Language versions: All the reports of CTG are provided in both In the report, CTG, the Corporation, the Chinese and English published in printed Group, the China Three Gorges Group and the version and internet version. The internet China Three Gorges Project Corporation all version can be accessed by logging onto refer to the China Three Gorges Corporation. the website of CTG (http://www.ctg.com. In this report, the Three Gorges Water cn/) or the website of State-owned Assets Conservancy Key Project, Xiangjiaba Supervision and Administration Commission Hydropower Project, Xiluodu Hydropower of the State Council (http://www.sasac.gov. Project, Wudongde Hydropower Project and cn/). For printed version, please send an Baihetan Hydropower Project are hereafter email to [email protected] or call referred as Three Gorges Project, Xiangjiba 86-717-6762203 for asking for hardcopies. Project, Xiluodu Project, Wudongde Project and Baihetan Project for short respectively. What’s new about this report: This is the sixth CTG annual report of Time of reference: environmental protection. There are January 1st to December 31st, 2010. Some something new about it: content may go beyond this period. ◆ Reflecting the environmental protection achievement of CTG by adopting the
Scope of content: standard system of Sustainability Reporting Environmental protection related work within Guidelines. the main business of CTGPC, excluding the environmental protection of its shareholding Related information: programs. For more information, please log onto the website of CTG (http://www.ctg.com. Cycle of publication: cn/). Other related information concerning This report is an annual report published in environmental protection could be found in June every year. the following document: Previous reports: ◆ Bulletin on the Ecological and Environmental The report has been published for the past five Monitoring Results of the Three Gorges Project. consecutive years, respectively in October ◆ Annual Report of China Three Gorges 2006, October 2007, June 2008, June 2009 Corporation. and October 2010. ◆ Social Responsibility Report of China Three Gorges Corporation. Report data: ◆ Social Responsibility Report of China Yangtze All the data referred in this report are the final Power Co., Ltd. statistical data of 2010. The standards followed: Future works to improve: ◆ Introducing the Protocol of Hydropower This report mainly referenced the following Sustainability compiled by International international and/or domestic standards: Hydropower Association (IHA) and its ◆ Sustainability Reporting Guidelines, the evaluation standard to standardize the report Global Reporting Initiative(GRI) (2006 ). compilation. ◆ Guideline on Compilation of Chinese ◆ Revealing more environmental quotas Enterprises’ Social Responsibility Reports, and related information according to the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS- requirement of Sustainability Reporting CSR1.0). Guidelines. Board Chairman Mr. CAO Guang-jing General Manager Mr. CHEN Fei Message from the Managers
While the safe and clean energy has become a new engine driving the economic growth all over the world, China has initiated an energy policy prioritizing hydropower, optimizing thermal power, boosting nuclear power and promoting renewable energy power. Regarding “Building the Three Gorges Project and Developing the Yangtze River” as its mission, CTG focuses closely on the main task of hydropower development while actively developing renewable energies such as wind power, enhancing the kernel competence in the clean energy industry, accelerating the development of overseas hydropower market and paying more attention to the harmony with eco-environment. CTG is on its way to achieve its strategic goal to grow into a world-class large clean energy group. In 2010, the Three Gorges Project, for the first time, successfully actualized the goal of reservoir impounding test at 175m and stood up to extreme flood in the flood season. CTG made a breakthrough in the hydropower development of the lower part of the Jinsha River (the upstream section of the Yangtze River) and gained new progress in renewable energy development and overseas business. CTG conscientiously implemented the Hydropower Development Philosophy of “building a first-class hydropower plant to stimulate the growth of the local economy, improve the local environment, and benefit resettled residents” into every stage of project development and operation, being active in fulfilling its social responsibility, careful in protecting the eco-environment and working all-roundly for saving energy and reducing emission. CTG carried out the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Baihetan Project and Wudongde Project and the resource and energy conservation plan lawfully. CTG strictly implemented the system of “Three Simultaneousness” in project environment protection and carefully applied all the measures in the EIA document for Xiangjiaba Project and Xiluodu Project, and conducted the regulation and operation of Three Gorges-Gezhouba Cascade in an environmentally friendly way for displaying the eco-environmental benefit of the project. The concept of ecological protection, energy saving and emission reduction has been followed in every step of CTG’s business. In the year 2011, CTG, on its way to become a world-class clean energy group, has been implementing the “Hydropower Development Philosophy” into its whole business field, trying to realize a win-win result in clean energy development and eco-environmental protection.
CONTENTS
◎ Corporation Profile ◎ Management ◎ Clean Energy Development and Benefits 1 ◎ Ecological Conservation 5 ◎ Pollution Control 8 ◎ Conservation and Utilization 17 ◎ Monitoring and Research 21 ◎ Conclusion 28 Corporation Profile
Approved by the State Council, the China Three Gorges Project Corporation was established on September 27th, 1993 for the purpose of the Three Gorges Project construction and the Yangtze River development. Its name was changed into China Three Gorges Corporation on September 27th, 2009. In January 2010, CTG established the Board of Directors, and the name of CTG was changed into China Three Gorges Corporation Ltd. in May of 2011. The strategic orientation of CTG is a clean energy group for large hydro-project development and operation with the main business focused on hydro-project construction and management, power generation and the related technological services.
Main business indicators of 2010
Indicators 2010 Year-on-year growth rate Power generation (GW·h) 102,381 5.33% Revenue (RMB billion) 29.033 13.32% Total profit (RMB billion) 14.055 9.86% Profit of main business (RMB billion) 9.80 12.97%
In 2010, the Three Gorges Project brought its role in flood control, power generation, navigation and water supplementation into full play. The project for the first time successfully passed the 175m reservoir impounding test. The flood peak in 2010, which was bigger than that of 1998, was reduced to 30,000m3/s from 70,000m3/s, tremendously alleviating the flood pressure on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In 2010, the power generation volume of the Three Gorges-Gezhouba Cascade was 100,611 GW·h, water supplementation for the downstream areas in dry seasons numbered 12.19 billion m3, and the total freight volume through the project exceeded 80 million tons. In 2010, the construction of Xiangjiaba Project and Xiluodu Project on Jinsha River all went into the busiest phase of concrete pouring, metal structures setting and mechanical-electric facilities installing. The pre-feasibility reports of Baihetan Project and Wudongde Project have been approved by National Reform and Development Commission (NDRC), and the Orders of “Closing Project-area” have been issued for both projects.
Main projects Three Gorges Project The Three Gorges Project was started on December 14th, 1994. The river closure was successfully implemented on November 8th, 1997. In 2003, three main objects were achieved, namely the impoundment of phase II project, navigation and power generation. In 2009, the preliminary designed construction of the project was completed in time, except the ship lift which was postponed with the approval of the Central Government. In 2010, the Project passed the 175m reservoir- impounding test. The project brought its functions for flood control, drought relief, power generation, navigation and water supply into full play. The total installed capacity numbered 22,500 MW with an annual power generation of 88,200 GW·h. Gezhouba Project The Gezhouba Project, Completed in 1988, is a re-regulation reservoir and navigation cascade of the Three Gorges Project with an installed capacity of 2,715 MW and an annual power generation of 15,700 GW·h. Xiangjiaba Project The Xiangjiaba Hydropower Project was officially started in November 2006. The river was successfully closed on December 28th, 2008. The designed installation capacity is 6,400 MW. Xiluodu Project The Xiluodu Hydropower Project was officially started in December 2005. The river was closed on November 8th, 2007. The designed installation capacity is 13,860 MW. Baihetan Project The Baihetan Hydropower Project has the planned installation capacity of 14,040 MW. Wudongde Project The Wudongde Hydropower Project has the planned installation capacity of 8,700 MW. In 2010 CTG made great progress in wind power development, and signed strategic cooperation agreements with Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Shandong and Zhejiang Provinces, etc. A newly added installed capacity of 399 MW was put into operation, with the accumulated installed capacity of 592.5 MW. In Huade of Inner Mongolia, the construction of six wind farms, including II to IV phase works, was completed, and the construction of four main parts of the Hohhot Pump-storage Power Station was starting again, which is the counterpart works of these wind farms. In the Xiangshui Wind Farm in Jiangsu Province, the testing wind turbines in offshore and inter-tidal zones are ready to be connected to power grid for power generation. In 2010, CTG made a steady progress in its overseas contraction business, getting closer to its strategy of Internationalization. The 74 overseas projects contracted by CTG in 28 countries and regions all were going well. CTG signed a general contract for Upper Atbara Project with Sudanese Government which is the second largest hydro project contract undertaken by Chinese companies. In Malaysia, the Murum Project successfully conducted river-closing, which was contracted by CTG in the EPC manner. In Laos, the Nanli 1-2 Hydropower Project was put into operation. CTG also signed a memorandum of understanding for the development of Mong Ton Hydro Project of Myanmar. 1. Management
In the hydropower development and operation management, guided by the Scientific Outlook on Development, CTG actively advocated and implemented the Hydropower Development Philosophy of “building a first-class hydropower plant to stimulate the growth of the local economy, improve the local environment, and benefit resettled residents”, perfected the management system of environmental protection, strengthened environmental management, practically carried out the environmental protective measures, so as to gain a balance among economic, social and ecological benefits. Management system
CTG established an environmental management system which consists of three layers, namely decision making, administration and execution, with the Department of Science & Technology and Environment Protection being in charge and other departments sharing the whole responsibility according to their different work. Decision Making
Layer Leadership Team of CTG
Science & Technology and Environment Protection Department Administration Layer Plan and Preparatory Office of Jinsha River Other Administrative Development Information Center Development Departments Department Co., Ltd. China Three Gorges New Construction & Operation Administrative Bureau of Construction Department Water & Electric Corp. Development Co., Ltd. Three Gorges Complex China Yangtze Power Yangtze New Energy Other Subcompanies Management Bureau Execution Layer Energy Corporation China International of Each Project Immigration Co., Ltd.
Management structure for environmental protection of CTG 2010
April 4th, 2006 June 18th, 2004 May 26th, 2005 April 15th, 2005 March 18th, 2010 Time of Approval of Time February 17th, 1992 February 24th, 2005 February 18th, 2005 December 14th, 2006 December 19th, 2005 September 29th, 2005
Jinsha River Documents the Jinsha River the Jinsha River Jiangsu Province the radiation part) Hydropower Project on the Jinsha River Hydropower Project on the Jinsha River power source station of the Three Gorges Project Gorges Three power source station of the Environmental impact statement for the Three Gorges Project Three Gorges Environmental impact statement for the The Second Stage Project of the Three Gorges Project passed the acceptance The Power Source Station of the Three Gorges Project passed the acceptance Approved main EIA statements and water & soil conservation plans: Approved main EIA ◎ ◎ ◎ Environmental impact statement for the serial projects including water Environmental impact statement for the serial Environmental impact statement for the serial projects including water Environmental impact statement for the serial supply, electricity supply, road access and land leveling of the Xiluodu supply, electricity supply, Environmental impact statement for the Xiangshui Windfarm Project in Windfarm Environmental impact statement for the Xiangshui Water and soil conservation plan for the third stage project in the Three and soil conservation plan for the third stage project in the Water supply, electricity supply, road access and land leveling of the Xiangjiaba road access and land electricity supply, supply, Environmental impact statement for the underground power plant and the Environmental impact statement for the underground Environmental impact statement for the Cixi Windfarm Project (excluding Windfarm Environmental impact statement for the Cixi Environmental impact statement for the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station on Water and soil conservation plan for the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station on Water Gorges dam area (including the underground power plant at the right bank) dam area (including the underground Gorges Environmental impact statement for the Xiluodu Station on the Jinsha River Environmental impact statement for the Xiluodu Water and soil conservation plan for the Xiluodu Hydropower Station on the Water check of the Ministry of Water Resources in May 2003. Water check of the Ministry of check of the Ministry of Environmental Protection in November 2007. Environmental management have established their corresponding environmental management systems. corresponding environmental management have established their China International Water & Electric Corp. affiliated to CTG and China Ltd., Yangtze share-controlled Power by Co. CTG all passed the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System Certification. A A whole-process professional environmental management system has been established in the construction areas of the Three Gorges Project, the Xiluodu Project and the Xiangjiaba Project with environmental protection staff and professional environmental monitoring agency being the core parts. The other specialized companies and construction & operation departments all
2010 all the main projects which received the environmental monitoring and legal inspection of of inspection legal and monitoring administrative department at alllevels. environmental the for received applied which was projects process main the construction all whole the in management environmental Specialized Management ofconstructionenvironment for structurizingandstandardizingdatarecordfrommonitoring bodies. support technological providing management, statement of function complete a has also It mechanism. confidentiality and sharing resources integrated and data effective an business monitoring related of and as serves and management data flexible of function management consists a has platform This management. It project project. management, the statement of management, period construction the during management information environmental the for platform a is area construction project Xiangjiaba the of management protection environmental for system information The Project constructionarea Xiangjiaba the of management protection environmental for system Information in future. projects largehydropower of impact eco-environmental the about making decision the for basis providing future, the in assessment impact environmental retrospective for data accumulate and forecast, or warning early release eco-environment, on Project and Gorges Three of data impact the of analyze and monitor follow, is timely application to as and so system information, management storage, information this collection, of united the purpose realize The to Project. Gorges Three the of system monitoring environmental and ecological the of part important an Three is the Project of Gorges monitoring environmental and ecological for system information The Three Gorges Project the of monitoring environmental and ecological for system Information Xiangjiaba Projecthasalreadybeenputintooperationsince2009. the of management protection environmental for system information the project, pilot a As management. protection the environmental for started system CTG information year, the same of planning the In 2007. in operation into put was Three Project the of Gorges monitoring environmental and ecological for system information The Information systemforenvironmentalprotectionmanagement
2010 Management of production environment
The China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd. which is a company share-controlled by CTG strictly followed the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System for the environmental management in production.
Emergency management
In 2006, CTG formulated the emergency plan for environmental pollution accidents, and all the secondary bodies and departments made the relevant professional emergency plan. The plans were revised in 2010.
Emergency rehearsal organized in the Xiangjiaba Project In late June of 2010, a rescue rehearsal was carried out at the Xiangjiaba Project for ammonia leakage in the 300m elevation cooling system. The rehearsal enhanced workers’ capacity to deal with emergencies, to prevent environmental pollution in case of ammonia leakage from the concrete cooling system and to mitigate hurt to the constructors.
Training on environmental protection
CTG carried out training on environmental protection in different forms including ex-situ training, organized training, in-situ training, knowledge lectures and disseminating science popularization materials.
Investment in environment protection
In 2010 the investment of CTG for environmental protection totaled 449 million RMB
2010 (including $750,000 for overseas business and 5.0 million RMB for donation).
Others 4.1%
Xiangjiaba 8.1%
Three Gorges 67.4%
Xiluodu 20.4%
Investment of CTG for environmental protection in 2010 Note Investment for Environmental Protection for renewable energy, overseas business and donations are all included in others )
40000 Three Gorges Xiluodu Xiangjiaba
30000
20000 Investment (RMB million) 10000
0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year Investment in environmental protection for main projects from 2006 to 2010 Note the data are incomplete, which mainly include the costs of the implementation of the environmental protection measures, the expenses of the ecological compensation, the expenditure for the environmental protection research and pollution discharge, and donation, etc. The costs of the pre-EIA, staff costs, training costs and environmental costs for immigration are not included. 2010
Related honors
◎ In 2008, CTG was granted the title “National Model Corporation for Afforestation” by the National Afforestation Commission. ◎ In 2009, Approved by the China Association for Science and Technology, the Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute of CTG and the Rare and Endemic Fish Propagation and Releasing Station at Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba Projects on the Jinsha River received the title of “National Science Popularization Education Base” respectively under the category of research institute and the category of production facility. ◎ In 2009, the Xiluodu Project received the award of “Construction Agency with Outstanding Achievement on Water and Soil Conservation” issued by the Ministry of Water Resources of China. ◎ In 2011, the Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute of CTG was granted the title of “Hubei Province Advancing Organization for Protecting Rare and Endangered Aquatic Animals”.
Negative Information concerning the Violation of Environmental Protection Rules
No violation of environmental protection occurred within the report period of 2010. 2010
2. Clean Energy Development and Benefits
CTG, regarding the development and operation of large hydro projects as its core business, actively developed wind power and other new energies for providing clean energy to the society, fully played the comprehensive effect of the Three Gorgers Project in terms of flood control, power generation, navigation and ecological water compensation, to realize a harmony between clean energy development and eco-environment protection.
Clean energy development
Hydropower Hydropower development of CTG
Accumulated Total installed Accumulated Power capacity in power generation generation Project capacity operation volume volume in 2010 (MW) (MW) (GW·h) (GW·h) Three Gorges Project 22,500 18,300 452,739 84,370 Gezhouba Project 2,715 2,715 408,245 16,241 Small Hydro Projects 191.2 191.2 768
Wind Power Wind power development of CTG
Capacity Accumulated Power Accumulated Installed Accumulated put into power generation Wind installed capacity capacity in operation generation volume in power farm capacity in 2010 operation in 2010 volume 2010 （MW） （MW） （MW） （MW） (GW·h) (GW·h) Baicheng 45 45 182.97 76.73 Diaobingshan 99 49.5 99 49.5 247.83 82.87 Huade 198 148.5 198 148.5 136.42 135.71 Shangyi 49.5 49.5 Dachaidan 3 3 Cixi 49.5 － 49.5 － 246.16 103.91 Xiangshui 201 84 201 201 112.99 112.99
Total 645 334.5 592.5 399 926.37 512.21 2010
Comprehensive benefits
Flood control effect
CTG always gives top priority to flood control, following the unified regulation of the State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarter and the Yangtze River Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarter to ensure the flood control security of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In the flood season of 2010, the Three Gorges Project fulfilled the task of reducing the peak flood during a process of 70,000m3/s flow by 30,000m3/s at maximum, which effectively reduced the flood pressure upon the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The water level at the Shashi Station of Jingjiang Section was lowered by 2.5m in maximum, preventing the water level of Shashi City from exceeding the warning level. The water level at Chenglingji Station (also called the Lianhuatang Station) at the outlet of Dongting Lake was lowered by 1.0m in maximum, saving a great deal of manpower and materials for flood control in the downstream areas. Throughout the year of 2010, the Three Gorges Project was regulated 7 times for the purpose of flood control, storing flood volume of 26.482 billion m3 in total. According to an estimation of the Yangtze River Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarter, the economic benefit of the Three Gorges Project in flood control during 2010 reached 26.63 Billion Yuan RMB.
Energy conservation and emission reduction
Power generation volume Standard coal saved CO2 emission reduction Project (GW·h) (million tons) (million tons) Three Gorges 84,370 28.9 72.3 Project Gezhouba 16,241 5.6 13.9 Hydropower Project Small Hydro 768 0.3 0.7 Projects Wind Power 512 0.2 0.4 Total 101,891 35 87.3 2010
Note In the calculation formula of the CO2 emission W CO2=Q × Ece × EF, W CO2 is the emission volume of CO2; Q means power generation volume (100 GW·h); Ece means coal consumption for power generation, the value
of which is that published by the State Grid Corporation of China, 343 t（ce）/(GW·h); EF is the co-efficient
of the CO2 emission for standard coal, the value of which is that published by National Development and
（ ） （ ） Reform Commission 2.5 t CO2 /t ce .
Ecological water supply
In the dry season of 2010, the Three Gorges Project released water to the downstream area in order to compensate the river flow. The days of water supply totaled 107 with a total supply volume of 12.19 billion m3 and a daily supply flow rate of 1477 m3/s.
80,000
/s) 70,000 3
(m inflow 60,000 outflow
50,000 Flow rate
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0 Dec. 18st Feb. 26st May 7st Jul. 16st Sep. 24st Dec. 3st Date Comparison between reservoir inflow and outflow of the Three Gorges Project in 2010
Navigation improvement
In 2010, the boats passed through the ship locks of the Three Gorges Project numbered 5830 ship-time with a passing freight cargo volume of 78.8 million tons. The dam getting-over transported cargo volume was 9.14 million tons. The total cargo volume through the project stood at 87.94 million tons. During the 7 years since navigation operation, the cargo volume transferred through the Three Gorges Dam Area accumulated to 443 million tons, which is twice of the total number of Gezhouba Project in the period of 22 years of navigation (from June 1981 to June 2003). After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the navigation cost at the reservoir area has been reduced by 35%~37%, and the per unit energy consumption was reduced by 46%. The water supply in dry season effectively improved the navigation condition of the downstream area of Yichang City. Through the water supply, the depth of the navigation channel there was increased by 0.47m on average in 2010. 2010
Zero Zero reduction reduction reduction reduction Officially started the count CDM carbon Officially Already got income from carbon emission Already got income from carbon emission Already got income from carbon emission Already got income from carbon emission emission reduction income on May 18th, 2010 Income due to carbon emission reduction
Province Project The registered CDM projects of CTG The registered Huade Wind Power Plant-I Wind Huade Cixi Wind Farm Power Plant Wind Cixi Xiangshui Wind Power Plant Wind Xiangshui Baicheng Wind Power Plant-I Wind Baicheng Diaobingshan Wind Power Plant-I Wind Diaobingshan Maguanla Hydro Project of Yunnan Yunnan Maguanla Hydro Project of Lazhai Hydro Project of Yunnan Province Yunnan Lazhai Hydro Project of
Projects Wind Power Wind Hydro Projects reduction. In 2010, the income from carbon emission reduction of CDM projects numbered 4.19 Million Euros. Development of CDM projects of Development has developed 10 CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) CTP projects. Seven of them By now, have successfully registered in the UN, and four of them have got income from carbon emission
2010 10 and aquatic ecosystems and carried out comprehensive soil and water water and conservation aswellecologicalrestoration. soil comprehensive out carried and ecosystems aquatic territorial and of protection the for measures multiple adopted conservation, ecological of basis the on hydropower developing orderly on insisted CTG base hastotally4,360endangered plantsofvariousspecies. the now so species, 10 introduced Base the 2010, In area. Gorges Three the in plants endemic 110,000m of area an covers Project Gorges Three the of area construction the in Plants Endemic and Rare of Base Cultivation The Three GorgesProject the of area construction the at Plants Endemic and Rare of Base Cultivation Reservoir, Gorges covering anareaof4644.4hm Three the of bank north the on is which River Xiangxi the of parts middle and upstream in located is project This 2004. June in completed was Province Hubei of County Xingshan in Project Conservation Forest Broadleaved Evergreen Subtropical Longmenhe The in XingshanCountyofHubeiProvince ◎ old trees. The follow-updiversity protectionprojectoftheDalaolingParkisundergoing.and plants rare forest, mountainous subtropical the of ecosystem the protecting at aiming hm 1,967 of area protection forest natural of coverage the with 1999 March in established was province Hubei of Yichang in Park National Dalaoling the of zone conservation diversity The ◎ Nature protection projects the projectconstructionarea. in plants endemic and rare of base cultivation a established also CTG priority. the has as laxiflora etc., Myricaria var.sinense, conservation, reniforme adiantum situ with in protection and species territorial the conservation implemented situ ex gardens, botanical of resources, conservation plasma germ of protection as such measures, protective various adopting by CTG, Territorial ecologicalconservation
Dalaoling NationalParkin Yichang ofHubei Province ogeh Sbrpcl vrre Bodevd oet osrain Project Conservation Forest Broadleaved Evergreen Subtropical Longmenhe 3. Ecological Conservation Ecological 3. 2 . The follow-upprotectionprojectofthisisundergoing. 2 , mainly aiming at the research and protection of rare and rare of protection and research the at aiming mainly , 2
11 2010 Protection of old trees
All the construction areas paid attention to the protection of old trees by protecting them on site or by transplanting them to other places.
Aquatic ecological conservation
CTG invested in the facility construction of aquatic wild animal conservation and the breeding and releasing of fishes which living in the Yangtze River, organized and conducted research and monitoring of fish protection.
Natural reserve
◎ Upper Yangtze River Rare and Endemic Fish Nature Reserve The Upper Yangtze River Rare and Endemic Fish Nature Reserve was approved to establish in 2005, which is crossing Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan Province and Chongqing Municipality with a total area of 33,174.2hm2, mainly for protecting the first and second class national key protected aquatic wile animals and 66 special fishes and their habitat in China, including paddlefish, acipenser dabryanus, mullet, giant salamander and otter, etc. ◎ Yangtze Yichang Chinese Sturgeon Nature Reserve The Yangtze Yichang Chinese Sturgeon Nature Reserve was established by the Provincial Government of Hubei Province at the downstream of the Gezhouba Project, with a total length of 80km and taking the 30km part close to the dam as its core area. ◎ Shanghai Yangtze River Estuary Chinese Sturgeon Nature Reserve The Shanghai Yangtze River Estuary Chinese Sturgeon Nature Reserve was established in April 2002, following which the Management Measures of the Shanghai Yangtze River Estuary 2010
12 Chinese Sturgeon Nature Reserve was issued and executed in 2005. The conservation area covers 576 km2 from Basu Port in the north and Xijia Port in the south with a core area of 276 km2 and buffer and experiment area of 300 km2.
Propagation and releasing
◎ Construction of the propagation and releasing stations The Rare and Endemic Fish Propagation and Releasing Station at Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba Hydropower Projects on the Jinsha River The Rare and Endemic Fish Propagation and Releasing Station at Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba Hydropower Projects on the Jinsha River was located on a platform on the left bank of the Xiangjiaba Project construction area, mainly for the artificial breeding and releasing of the endemic fishes in Jinsha River and Minjiang River as well as for the releasing of paddlefish, acipenser dabryanus, mullet and some endemic fishes in the mainstream of upstream of the Yangtze River. The station was completed by the end of July 2008, covering an area of 2.67hm2. The main facilities of the station include the outdoor impoundment tank, breeding workshop, rare and endemic fish hall, breeding pound, culture pond, bait culture pound, water supply-drainage and processing facility, and air supply facilities. In 2010, CTG renovated the water cycling system and the breeding pond etc. and established the exhibition hall of live rare and endemic fishes. In 2010, CTG accomplished the in-station incubation of five species, namely, procypris rabaudi, mullets, megalobrama pellegrini, spinibarbus sinensis bleeker and onychostoma simus, as well as the opening seedling fostering of six species, namely, procypris rabaudi, acipenser dabryanus, mullets, megalobrama pellegrini, spinibarbus sinensis bleeker and onychostoma simus. CTG has acquired the whole technology of megalobrama pellegrini, from the raising of parent fish to hasten parturition and breeding, achieving the total self supply of parent fish for the artificial breeding of megalobrama pellegrini. In 2010, the comprehensive survival rate of fish fry maintained obove 90%, and the utilization rate of culture facilities raised up to about 95%, overfulfilling the task of releasing.
In 2010, The Rare and Endemic Fish Propagation and Releasing Station at Xiluodu- Xiangjiaba Hydropower Projects on the Jinsha River organized and carried out a series of science popularization education activities jointly with Yibin City and the Science and Technology Association of Shuifu County, including a children’s painting contest and some fish releasing activities attended by teenagers, volunteers and local residents. 2010
13 and 2 in total, 2 and direct 2 , culture tanks of 8774.7m 2 Three Gorges Project in volume. In 2010, the station purchased some fries and parent 3 Water and soil conservation and ecological restoration of the and soil conservation Water After years of hard work, the forestation of construction areas of the Project has brought about great achievement. By Threethe end of 2010, 38 soil conservation Gorges works have been initiated with a total forestation RMB. Yuan investment of 199.128 million area of 4 million m Propagation and releasing
In 2010, water and soil conservation measures for all the slag dumps, construction areas, roads site and project complex areas were basically executed, and the ecological restoration work of the construction lands went well. Soil erosion has been basically brought under control and is remarkable. conservation effect Water Water and soil conservation and ecological restoration in the construction areas In 2010, CTG released 753 Chinese Sturgeon, 1075 mulletsover 800,000 rare Totally and endemic fishes River. section andfishes of Yangtze at Yichang the the over 1 million commercial in the National Nature Reserve along the Upper River Yangtze including acipenser dabryanus, mullets, procypris rabaudi, megalobrama pellegrini, spinibarbus sinensis bleeker, onychostoma grahami, etc. were released. simus, leptobotia elongate and schizothorax The Chongqing propagation and Releasing Station is to be set up based on the original Wanzhou The Chongqing propagation and Releasing Station is to be set up Wanzhou based on the original Fishiery Research Institute, invested by CTG and organized by the Minsitry of Agriculture. In of the station was basicly finished. 2010, the infrastructure construction ◎ among which the offices and accessory houses are of 1786.9m impoundment tank of 360m cultivation and artificial breeding. fish to carry out trial Releasing Station and The Chongqing Propagation The Chishui River Propagation and Releasing Station Propagation River The Chishui The Chishui River Propagation and Releasign Station was under fundedthe organization of by the Ministry CTGof Agriculture of and China. Almost completed constructedin 2009, the station has constructed management house and culture tank covering an area of 2.13hm
2010 14 Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) Standard Discharge Wastewater Comprehensive and domestic wastewater was treated with professional methods, methods, of control the enhance to pollution, noise and taken dust reduce professional and were prevent to measures with regulated, was waste treated consumer was of Industrial management wastewater generation. power and domestic and construction in project pollution of of control process and the prevention the to attentions great paid CTG Industrial wastewater discharged in all construction areas was up to Class I of the the of I Class to up was areas construction all in discharged wastewater Industrial and construction design, the means That operation ofenvironmentalprotectionfacilitiesandmainworksareconductedsimultaneously. for completely. executed simultaneousness” is “Three of protection system The environment areas. construction the in system production concrete and system processing aggregate every for built were facilities treatment Wastewater Industrial wastewatertreatment mainstream ofthereservoir. the on drifters of cleaning-up the strengthen to and waste solid hazardous Xiluodu Project Industrial wastewatertreatmentintheconstructionareasofXiluodu, for theconcretesystemat Wastewater treatmentsystem Wastewater treatmentsystem Wastewater treatmentsystem aggregate processingsystem aggregate processingsystem aggregate processingsystem for theMajiahebaaggregate system forthe Tangfangping system fortheCentralField for Huangjuebaoartificial 4. Pollution Control Pollution 4. Wastewater treatment Wastewater treatment processing system dam altitude Projects XiangjiabaandThreeGorgesprojectsin2010 Designed treatmentcapacity Radial flowsedimentationtank technique+ ceramicfilterpress sedimentation tank+plateand Horizontal flowsedimentation Horizontal flowsedimentation Horizontal flowandinclined- ceramic filterpresstechnique + plateandframefilterpress DH efficient hydrocyclone + frame filterpresstechnique, tube sedimentationtank+ 1,000 m tank +naturaldrying tank +naturaldrying and techniques natural drying technique 600 m 660 m 820 m 480 m 3 /h Radialflow 3 3 3 3 /h /h /h /h . wastewater: suspendedmatterless Controlling indexforrecycled 100% ofthewastewaterwas 100% ofthewastewaterwas 100% ofthewastewaterwas 100% ofthewastewaterwas Treatment ofwastewater recycled andre-used recycled andreused recycled andreused recycled andreused than 50mg/L.
15 2010 , 3 3 3 3 3 3 Pollutant . was recycled 2002) — Treatment of wastewater Treatment wastewater was 142,000 m wastewater was 904,000 m wastewater was 226,000 m wastewater was 385,000 m wastewater was 385,000 wastewater was 207,000 m with 100% of the wastewater with 100% of the wastewater The annual volume of treated The annual volume of treated The annual volume of Annual volume of discharged Annual volume of discharged Annual volume of discharged Annual volume of discharged Annual volume of discharged Annual volume of discharged Annual volume of discharged wastewater was 6,306,900m ); 3
3 ) 3 ); ) 3 /h 3 3 (100m 450 m (2,000m (19,500m 2 million m ), and then discharged ), and then discharged 3 and techniques treatment system Total storage capacity: Total DH efficient hydrocyclone DH efficient filter system + vacuum belt after deposited and purified 6 tailrace tunnels and to the at the outlet of No. 1 & No. at the outlet of No. 1 & Deposition through flushing dam - reuse (zero discharge) screening system (4,000m Wastewater recycling factory Wastewater (400m P5 discharge pumping station P5 discharge 3 depositing-and-drying pools Wastewater production - waste production Wastewater water collection pond - residue water collection pond Wastewater depositing tank for Wastewater the pumping station via ditches the pumping station via Designed treatment capacity Designed The wastewater was diverted to The wastewater was diverted sediment pool for mixing system sluice and energy dissipation pool sluice and energy system Projects right bank processing system processing system Wastewater treatment treatment Wastewater for the Tianba concrete Tianba for the for the Xia-an aggregate production system on the production system on underground power plant underground system for construction of for the 84 concrete mixing for the Mayanpo aggregate for the Mayanpo aggregate for the concrete production system of the ship lift project Wastewater treatment system Wastewater Wastewater treatment system Wastewater treatment system Wastewater Wastewater treatment system treatment Wastewater Waste water treatment system water treatment Waste jiaba Three Xiang Project Gorges water was channeled into the wastewater treatment plants. In a few temporary living camps, the unitized facilities for wastewater treatment and the 3-level septic tanks were used to collect and seperatedly. treat the wastewater discharged All the wastewater treatment facilities were wastewater in discharged in good all operationconstruction areas were in up to 2010. Standard-B And of Class-I the in domestic Domestic wastewater treatment Domestic wastewater The separate rain water and sewage discharge system and environment-friendly mobile toilets were built in the construction areas of all the hydropower projects. Most of the domestic waste Discharge Standard for Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants (GB18918
2010 16 The wet methods were adopted in the production process prone to dust generation. The wet wet The stuffsgeneration. Fine channels. water tail and foundation dust project of excavation the in adopted to was blasting prone process production the in adopted were methods wet The dust. generation dust to prone facilities production the on installed The were devices dust. dust-removing down settle to sprinklers with sprayed and up cleaned were roads construction The Construction dustsettling specified landfills andburiedthere. the the to transported of all were wastes in collected transportation The basis. and daily equipped a on collection operated were the were wastes And spots projects. dump hydropower the waste all and of areas tanks construction waste bins, collecting waste The Domestic wastetreatment Domestic wastewatertreatmentintheconstructionareasofhydropowerprojects Xiangjiaba Xiluodu Project Gorges Three Three Gorges Xiangjiaba Xiluodu Project Domestic wastetreatmentofmajorhydropowerprojectsin2010 treatment plants Huangjuebao wastewater Yangjiaping Huajiaowan Lianhuachi Domestic Letianxi Sanping Shuifu CountyLandfill Fengxianggou Landfill Xiluodugou Landfill Treatment method Anaerobic OxidationDitch (entrusted) (self-built) (self-built) SBR method(Sequencing Batch Reactor Activating Modified Prepositioned Treatment method DAT-IAT method Sludge Process) Method sludge wastedredgedfromsidetrenches:983m percolating liquidpumpedandtreated:370tons (million m Treatment 1.825-3.65 capacity capacity: Design 0.8845 0.8321 Domestic wastelandfilled:3,967tons; Domestic wastetreated:1,000tons Waste landfilled:10,944m 3 ) Results Operation situation in testing good good 3 ; 3
17 2010 Acoustic Environment and 90) Environmental Quality Standards — , the noise at the Three Gorges construction areas, the were cleaned up in the mainstream of the Three Gorges 3 2008) — in the construction areas of the Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba projects. areas of the Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba in the construction 1996) — Noise Limits for Construction Sites (GB3096 location. appointed and the special storage sites were established to classify the hazardous solid and waste deliver the waste to qualified agencies for disposal. wastes Meanwhile,were registered. In 2010, all3.8 tons of zinc the wastes, as well hazardousas 1.07 tons of solidwaste painting, 65.47 tons of waste oil, and 4.4 tons of waste/used active carbon were disposed at the specified Hazardous solid wastes disposal Following the laws and regulations about hazardous solid waste strictly, specialty staff was Floats cleanup In 2010, the floats of 520,000 m Reservoir and in front of the dam. Large-scale accumulation of the floats and serious blockage to navigation had never occurred in the whole reservoir area. Navigation, power generation and water environment were not influenced by the floats in front of the dam. while the noise at the sensitive spots in the Xiangjiaba Project exceeded standards occasionally, social activities and traffic. mainly due to the noise generated by and road-darkening. According to sensitive points outside the construction area and the operation sites standards.all reachedThe the noise nationalat sensitive spots in the Xiluodu Project was basically up to standards, adjustment of the layout of the construction areas, optimization of the using construction the methods, low-noise construction machines in preference, or installation of the noise-reducing devices, conduction of timed blast, adoption the millisecond short delaycontrol of the explosive building charge, sound-proof walls, enhancement of personal protection blast method, strict Acoustic environment protection Acoustic environment The measures used for the protection of acoustic environment were adopted, including and loose materials prone to dust generating dust were covered or sprinkled. dust were covered dust generating materials prone to and loose In 2010, the air quality in the construction areas of the Three Gorges Project was good, and the air quality basically reached the standard values of Class-II in Quality Standard (GB3096 for Air (GB3095
2010 18 and utilizing the excavated materials, reusing the surface soil resources, soil surface the reusing materials, excavated the utilizing and to trying wastewater,the recycling and purifying processing By operation. reservoir generation, power and optimized by time same the at water save and generation power increase construction project of process the during consumption energy of reduction the to importance attached CTG the efficient utilization of water in 2010, and that for the Gezhouba Power Station was 1,147 was GW Station Power Gezhouba to the for owing that GWh and 2010, 4,080 in by water of utilization increased efficient was the Station Gorges Three the of production power The reservoir the operation aswellpromotingthetechnicalinnovation, etc. optimizing utilization, flow flood rationalizing inflow, improving of by precision inflow, forecast upstream the actual the and Station of Cascade status operation Gorges-Gezhouba the Three on the based CTG in increased been has energy clean of production The optimal reservoiroperation Saving waterandincreasingpower production through energy-consuming the refurbishment of operation innovation, equipment. optimizing and technological equipments, of actively by reduced consumption was energy and conserved was energy The comprehensively. utilized were resources the on, so and ash fly of utilization the as well as · h. has beenoverfulfilled. target the that demonstrating 26.31%, by reduced been has CTG in increase income unit per price) comparable the at (calculated consumption 2010, energy comprehensive of the end the By 2005. year the in that to compared 20% by increase income of emission unit and per consumption energy the reduce to 2010, conservation of end the energy by is, for CTG of reduction and target Plan Year development Five 11th hydropower the on focusing operation, group corporation energy clean a As Accomplishment ofthe11th Five Year PlanTarget forenergy 5. Conservation and Utilization and Conservation 5. conservation andemissionreduction
19 2010 Main Energy Conservation Indexes for the Three Gorges and the Gezhouba Hydropower Stations in 2010
Increase of water energy utilization efficiency Power lost due to accidental operation stop （ ） （ ） Project % GW·h Target Reality Target Reality Three Gorges 4.50 5.09 8.0 3.225 Gezhouba 6.50 7.66 1.8 0
Comprehensive utilization of resources
In the process of construction, resources were utilized comprehensively by the treating and recycling of industrial wastewater, disposing and utilizing excavated materials, recovering surface soil resources, reusing fly ash and leveling residue fields.
The recovering of surface soil resources in the Xiangjiaba Project During the construction of the Xiangjiaba Project, the surface soil to be excavated from farmland, garden plot, slope land and river bank was collected, transported and stored so that the surface soil resources could be protected and reused as the covering soil for future afforestation of construction areas. Until now, about 600,000 m3 of surface soil has been collected and stored, and 300,000 m3 of the soil has been reused for backfilling and afforestation.
Comprehensive use of fly ash
Fly ash reused in 2009 Fly ash reused in 2010 Project (tons) (tons) Three Gorges 21,762 Xiluodu 107,358 284,340 Xiangjiaba 73,231.5 361,610 Total 202,351.5 645,950
2010 The comprehensive use of floats in the Three Gorges Reservoir CTG, together with the Huaxin Cement Co. Ltd (Zigui County), developed a production line for processing the floats for a cement kiln. The production line is able to process 1,200 m3 of floats every day, providing thermo-energy that equivalent to 20 tons of coal. In 2010, totally 520,000 m3 of floats were cleaned from the whole reservoir main stream and were all transported to the Huaxin Cement Co. Ltd.
20 rationally arranged the operational modes of energy-consuming equipment for energy energy for equipment energy-consuming of equipment, modes upgrade conservation andconsumptionreduction. and operational the optimize arranged improvement, rationally and technological promoted actively CTG conservation Energy consumption reduction innovation, Technical ◆ ◆ ◆ consumption byrebuildinglightingsystem. plant-power decrease to and innovation, technical boosting and operation arranging rationally by consumption reduce and energy conserve to efforts of great made company CTG, share-controlled a is which Ltd, Co., Power Yangtze China 2010, In ◆ ◆ and 54,000kW consumption power of kW 9 totally that so adopted were technology cooling self the and pipe, heat by exchange heat of technology The upgraded. were Gezhouba Project the in units 21F and 17F,13F, No. of devices rectifier exciting The door high-speed the of oil hydraulic the hydraulic systemandreducedoilconsumptionatthe same time. of span life the extend can which installed, were pumps oil circulating The units. station source power the as well as plants power bank right and left the of tank oil door high-speed the of system heating the innovated Station Power Gorges Three the 2010, of overhaul the In power-up automatic of reached 97.8%,1%higherthanthatoflastyear. rate success The year. last in that than 3.02 faster was minutes, connection grid to power-up from time average The unit-times. 182 for up powered automatically were Project Gezhouba the of units available The the that so lamps, energy-saving lighting electricityconsumptionwasreducedby23,000kW into changed being have lamps 198 where upgraded, all totally were corridor cable 8 No. and 7 No. the as well as rooms 4P,rooms, 6,000v 21P,the in 22P,facilities lighting 23P,the 400v All the 24Pof of group lamps andtime-interval. on based controlled be can illumination the that status a to improved been have room GIS and plant power Right-bank the in systems illumination The · h ofplant-electricityweresaved. · h.
21 2010 6. Monitoring and Research
With support from related professional institutions, CTG established the ecological and environmental monitoring system, centering on major water resources and hydropower projects development, carried out specified monitoring at particular periods and organized a great deal of scientific research on ecological and environmental protection.
Monitoring system The ecological and environmental monitoring system of the Three Gorges Project
The monitoring system, focusing on the reservoir area and covering the middle and lower reaches as well as the estuary area of the Yangtze River, consists of 28 key monitoring stations. The content of monitoring includes pollution sources, water environment, agricultural ecology, terrestrial ecology, wetland ecology, aquatic ecology, atmospheric environment, geological hazards, earthquake and human health, ect. The related information can be referred to the website at www.tgenviron.org. Monitoring results can be found in Bulletin on the Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Results of the Three Gorges Project.
The aquatic ecological monitoring system for Upper Yangtze River Rare and Endemic Fish Nature Reserve
The system, based on the dynamic monitoring of fish resources and environment, by accumulating basic data of the rare and endemic fishes in the upper Yangtze River and the conservation areas of fish resources and environment, predicts undesirable momentum and releases warning, proposes measures to mitigate negative influence, so as to support the construction and environmental protection of the Jinsha River first stage project, the protection of eco-environment and bio-diversity in the Rare and Endemic Fish Species Protection Zone on the Upper Yangtze River, as well as the sustainable development of the Yangtze River fishery. 2010 Environmental monitoring system of the downstream cascade stations on the mainstream of the Jinsha River
The planning for the environmental monitoring system of cascade stations on the downstream of the Jinsha River has been completed and it will be implemented step by step to mobilize the environmental monitoring of the construction areas. The monitoring content will cover multi-
22 aspects, including hydrology, water quality, water temperature, flood discharge atomization, over saturated gas, pollutants, aquatic organisms, territorial organisms, local climate and social environment, etc. The ecological and environmental monitoring for construction areas has already been executed.
Water environment quality Water environment status in the main stream on the lower reach of the Jinsha River
Three indicators, i.e., CODMn and NH3-N, which are the two indicators of total pollutant control, and TP (total phosphorus), which indicates eutrophication situation in lakes and reservoirs, have been used to assess the water environment. The results in 2010 showed that the concentration of all the indicators at all sections, including Sanduizi, Daxichang, Xingtian, 500 m upstream from Xinbatan, Jinsha River Bridge, and 500 m upstream from the confluence point of the Hengjiang River with the Jinsha River, was lower than the value of Class-III in Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838—2002).
Water environment status in the main stream and the section downstream of the Three Gorges Reservoir
The water quality in Three Gorges Project construction areas in 2010 was better than the Class III standard values of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838—2002).
Concentration of CODMn, NH3-N and TP of outflow water has lower than that of inflow water, and the values are similar to those in the reservoir area. Concentration of NH3-N and TP has a decreasing trend in the main stream and the section downstream of the reservoir since 1997. The concentrations of the three indicators measured in past years were all lower than the standard values of Class-III in Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838—2002).
Ⅳ Taipingxi (monitoring section at reservoir head) Letianxi (monitoring section below dam) Ⅲ Class
Ⅱ
Ⅰ
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year Water quality at Taipingxi (head of the Three Gorges Reservoir) and Letianxi (below the dam)
sections from 1994 to 2010 2010
23 8
7 inflow section (Cuntan) Class-Ⅲ reservoir section (Guandukou) 5 outflow section (Nanjinguan) 4 concentration (mg/L) 3 Mn
COD 2
1
0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year 0.40 inflow section (Cuntan) 0.35 reservoir section (Guandukou) 0.30 outflow section (Nanjinguan) 0.25
Class-Ⅲ
0.15 TP concentration (mg/L) TP 0.10
0.05
0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year Class-Ⅲ
0.9 inflow section (Cuntan) 0.8 reservoir section (Guandukou) 0.7 outflow section (Nanjinguan) 0.6
0.5
0.4 -N concentration (mg/L) 3
2010 0.3 NH
0.2
0.1
0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year
CODMn, TP and NH3-N concentrations in and the downstream of the Three Gorges Reservoir area
from 1997 to 2010 (NH3-N values of 2002 and 2003 unavailable)
24 Sediment in the Three Gorges Reservoir
In 2010 about 227.9 million tons of sediments were washed into the Three Gorges Reservoir, with 195.1 million tons deposited in the reservoir and 32.8 million tons flushed out. The sediment release ratio was 14.4%. In the period of the Reservoir’s operation (from June 2003 to November 2010), totally 1,589 million tons of sediments were washed into the Reservoir, with 1,167 million tons deposited in the reservoir and 412 million tons flushed out. The sediment release ratio of the reservoir was 26.1% and the average annual deposit volume is 146 million tons which is only 40% of the number (328 million to 355 million tons) predicted 10 years ago during the argumentation period of the project.
Aquatic ecological monitoring
In 2010, fishery resources and environmental monitoring were conducted in the protection area of rare and endemic fish species on the upper reach of the Yangtze River. The results show that there are 33 endemic fishes living in this area, including leptobotia elongate, Leptobotia microphthalma, Gnathopogon herzensteini, Yunnanilus sichuanensis, and Jinshaia abbreviate, etc. There are some important commercial fishes including Coreius guichenoti, pelteobagrus vachelli, Spinibarbus sinensis Bleeker and Saurogobio dabryi, etc. The runoff of fish roe/fry monitored at the Jiangjin section was 3,242 million; the figure for four major Chinese carps (herring, grass carp, chub and bighead) was 321 million, and 145 million for coreius heterodon. Water quality in the protection area was in general good and up to the requirement for fish to live and reproduce.
7,000 Total runoff 6,000 Four major Chinese carps 5,000 Coreius heterodon 4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
Runoff of fish roe or fry (million) Runoff 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year Runoff of fish roe / fry at Jiangjin section of the protection area for rare and endemic fish species on the upper Yangtze River from 2006 to 2010 2010
25 Chinese sturgeon natural propagation and spawning in the downstream area of the Gezhouba Dam during the 175m testing impoundment of the Three Gorges Project During the 175m testing impoundment of the Three Gorges Project, various monitoring methods, including monitoring of egg-predatory fish, catching spawn by deposit-on-bed nets and under-water photography, etc., were used by the scientific researchers of the Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute of CTG. In November 2010, one natural propagation event of Chinese Sturgeon was monitored and a few sturgeon eggs were collected.
Scientific research on ecological and environmental protection
Establishment of scientific research platform CTG has established a scientific research platform for aquatic life protecting during hydropower development based on the Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute. The main work to be carried out on this platform includes the research on the protection technologies of the Chinese Sturgeon and rare and endemic fishes in the Yangtze River as well as public education on eco-environmental protection. The research base consists of the Fish Protection and Nurturing Base in the Three Gorges Dam area (in preparation), Huangbo River Base and the Rare and Endemic Fish Propagation and Releasing Station at Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba Hydropower Projects on Jinsha River. In order to further strengthen the development of aquatic ecology, CTG is actively preparing for the establishment of the Engineering Laboratory of the Technologies of Ecological and Environmental Protection in Water Resources and Hydropower. 2010
In 2010, CTG has implemented 45 demonstration items for environmental protection study and experimentation, of which 13 items have been finished, particularly focusing on the study of green house gases emissions of reservoirs, the monitoring and study of algae bloom in the branches of the Three Gorges Reservoir, reservoir ecological fishery as well as the study on Coreius guichenoti.
26 Key research projects in 2010 Study on reservoir greenhouse gas emission In 2010, CTG organized Chinese experts to participate in the UNESCO/IHA research project of “Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission of Reservoirs”, taking the cascade stations on the Qingjiang River as a study case. Meanwhile a project named “Monitoring and Effect Assessment of the Emission Reduction of the Three Gorges Reservoir” was organized and initiated. Besides this, a general scheme on the study of GHG source-and-sink in the reservoir was made to carry out a long- term monitoring and study on the net emission of GHG by means of representative observation, remote sensing monitoring and model simulation. This general scheme has passed the Experts Judgment in August 2010. Monitoring and study on algae bloom in the branches of the Three Gorges Reservoir CTG carried out systematic study on algae bloom of the Three Gorges Reservoir branches and has gained some preliminary results. The main contents of the study include the cause of and countermeasures for algae bloom (including pollution source control, physical treatment, biomanipulation, emergency response biological algae control and reservoir operation considering ecological conservation, etc). In 2010, CTG established an emergency response monitoring network for algae bloom and trained the local workers to transmit the real-time algae bloom information in order to take measures after confirming. Reservoir ecological fishery In order to make full use of the aquatic life resources to improve the livelihood of the relocated people, to protect the aquatic environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir and to guarantee the water quality security of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, CTG has organized a study and demonstration program for the ecological fishery of the Three Gorges Reservoir, tried to guide and optimize the aquatic ecosystem of the reservoir in time based on the aquatic ecology theory during the specific period that the aquatic ecosystem was rebuilding. In 2010, CTG convened a experts judgment meeting for the project of “the key technology study and demonstration of the ecological fishery in the Three Gorges Reservoir”. It was confirmed that the ecological fishery of the Three Gorges Reservoir be developed by CTG with the cooperation of the Agriculture Commission of Chongqing Municipality, and the propagation and releasing of commercial fishes in the water area between the Three Gorges Dam and the Gezhouba Dam be carried out with the cooperation of the Fishery Bureau of Hubei
Province. 2010
27 Conclusion
Facing the ever increasing constraint of resources and environment, it is the basic requirement for China’s sustainable development to follow the concept of green and low-carbon development, focusing on energy conservation and emission reduction and speeding up the establishment of energy conservation and environmentally friendly production mode. As a high quality clean renewable energy, hydropower will be hightened on the agenda of the national strategy of energy security. Working in the clean energy development with hydropower as the focus, CTG has deeply realized that clean energy will definitely become an important strategic energy for boosting economic development and taking the commanding point. It has also soberly recognized its social responsibility to achieve sustainable development in harmony of human with nature and its historical mission to guarantee the national energy security and readjusting energy structure. In 2011, CTG will continue to fulfill its mission of the Three Gorges Project construction and the Yangtze River development and implement thoroughly the Scientific Outlook on Development. Guided by the 12th Five-year Plan, CTG will seize the strategic opportunity of development to cultivate the kernel competitiveness in clean energy industry and to take the strategic commanding point of clean energy development, so as to make corresponding contribution in shifting economic growth mode, energy conservation and emission reduction. In 2011, CTG will strengthen the operational management of the Three Gorges Project construction, accelerate the hydropower development on the Jinsha River, promote the development of wind power and nuclear power as well as overseas business, pay close attention to the establishment of market-oriented mechanism and system, and practically enhance the “Five Capabilities”, namely, strategic thinking, system innovating, staff training, standard bulding and cost controlling, in order to build CTG into a first class clean energy group. In the process of hydropower development and operation, CTG has profoundly realized its social responsibility in the eco-environmental protection of hydropower development. Therefore, it will insist on the orderly hydropower development based on ecological protection, comprehensively execution of ecological protection measures, strengthening system building and management for energy conservation and environmental protection, paying great attention to the pollution control in the course of hydropower project construction and electricity
2010 production. CTG will actively exploit renewable energies such as wind power for providing the society with clean energy, fully display the comprehensive benefits of the Three Gorges Project in flood control, power generation, navigation and ecological water compensation, aiming at reaching a harmony situation between clean energy development and eco-environment protection. So CTG can play an even bigger role in national development, water resources regulation and greenhouse gases emission reduction.
28