DOCSLIB.ORG

National Identity and Nuclear Disarmament Advocacy by Canada and New Zealand

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
National Identity and Nuclear Disarmament Advocacy by Canada and New Zealand National Identity and Nuclear Disarmament Advocacy by Canada and New Zealand Lyndon Burford A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Politics and International Relations. The University of Auckland, New Zealand. September 2016 ii Lyndon Burford National Identity and Nuclear Disarmament Advocacy Abstract Nuclear disarmament dynamics are under-studied and under-theorised. Constructivists hold that identities determine interests and thus, policy preferences, but there has been virtually no investigation of national identity as a driver for nuclear disarmament policy. This thesis investigates the drivers of nuclear disarmament advocacy by Canada and New Zealand, focusing on the activation of anti-nuclear weapon national identities as a key explanatory factor. The thesis presents four comparative case studies—two each from Canada and New Zealand. Each case examines the dominant nuclear weapon-related national identity tropes of three constituencies—senior government ministers, bureaucrats and the public—and traces the processes through which various actors seek to have these identities expressed in policy. Since identities inform preferences but do not necessarily determine policy, the case studies also consider how contextual factors—alliance commitments, normative context, civil society activity and great power relations—affect the expression of anti-nuclear weapon identities. Canada’s decision not to acquire nuclear weapons, despite being able to, is a touchstone for a popular, pro-disarmament ‘peacemaker’ identity. However, security policymakers almost always prioritise the identity of Canada as a strong US ally and thus, supporter of nuclear deterrence. The Canadian cases represent attempts by two prominent norm entrepreneurs to break this pattern— the first, during a Cold War crisis in superpower relations, and the second, during the post-Cold War superpower rapprochement. In both cases, a ‘disarmament/deterrence conundrum’ was evident; that is, the activation of anti-nuclear weapon identities produced nuclear disarmament advocacy, but it was significantly constrained by conflicting, alliance-based identities and the related norms of solidarity and nuclear deterrence. In New Zealand, public and political norm entrepreneurship generated early nuclear disarmament advocacy, but again, this was bounded by alliance-based nuclear deterrence norms. During political upheaval in the 1980s, an identity crisis and civil society activism created an internalised ‘New Zealand nuclear taboo’ in the public, which was institutionalised in law. This delegitimised acquiescence to nuclear deterrence, including for alliance imperatives. Activation of internalised public anti-nuclear sentiment produced comprehensive nuclear disarmament advocacy from the government—initially for instrumental reasons, but later, due to bureaucratic socialisation towards anti-nuclear identities. The New Zealand cases support the hypothesis that norm institutionalisation facilitates identity transformation in officials through the iterative practice of norms. iii Lyndon Burford National Identity and Nuclear Disarmament Advocacy Acknowledgements Funding support for this thesis was gratefully received from the University of Auckland, the Peace and Disarmament Education Trust, Universitas 21 and the International Council for Canadian Studies. Thank you to all the experts who agreed to be interviewed for this research, or who shared their insights with me along the way. For generously hosting me as a visiting researcher, and for their warm welcome and valuable assistance with fieldwork, I offer my sincere thanks to Professor Brian Job at the University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, and to Professor T.V. Paul of McGill University, Montreal. Thanks also to Sally Reay at UBC for her kind assistance with the logistics of fieldwork in Vancouver. I also want to sincerely thank the many colleagues and friends who have read and commented on various draft chapters and sketches along the way. Thank you Kate Dewes, Tanya Ogilvie-White, Rob Green, Treasa Dunworth, Laura Stanley, Benoit Pelopidas, Togzhan Kassenova, Rod Alley, Nicholas Ross Smith, Mark Boyd, Jacqui True and Felicity Hill. I know there have been so many more people that have helped, so I apologise to anyone that I have missed. Warm thanks also to my supervisors, Anita Lacey, Chris Wilson and Maria Rublee, for their support, wise council and patience with my many meanderings. Finally, thanks to all my friends and family for their support and encouragement in the research process. And especially, thank you Sal, for showing me the patience of an angel and making this whole thing a lot easier. iv Lyndon Burford National Identity and Nuclear Disarmament Advocacy Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... iv Contents ....................................................................................................................... v Glossary ...................................................................................................................... vii 1. What causes nuclear disarmament advocacy? ............................................................ 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Nuclear deterrence in theory and practice ................................................................... 7 Defining nuclear disarmament advocacy .................................................................... 13 The puzzle of nuclear disarmament advocacy ............................................................ 17 The need for nuclear disarmament theorisation ........................................................ 23 Existing literature / theoretical contribution .............................................................. 26 Key findings .................................................................................................................. 28 Thesis outline ............................................................................................................... 32 2. Constructivism: the power of ideas, not the idea of power ....................................... 34 Constructivism and nuclear weapons ......................................................................... 34 Contextual factors ....................................................................................................... 54 Summary of causal chain ............................................................................................. 60 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 61 3. Methodology: tracing the policy process .................................................................. 63 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 63 Research design ........................................................................................................... 64 Case selection method ................................................................................................ 65 Case study countries .................................................................................................... 68 Specific cases selected ................................................................................................. 71 Data generation and analysis ...................................................................................... 73 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 76 4. Nuclear Weapons in Canadian and New Zealand History .......................................... 78 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 78 Canada in the world..................................................................................................... 79 v Lyndon Burford National Identity and Nuclear Disarmament Advocacy New Zealand in the world ........................................................................................... 91 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 105 5. Opposing nuclear testing, 1972-74 ......................................................................... 107 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 107 National identities ..................................................................................................... 109 Nuclear disarmament advocacy ................................................................................ 113 Theoretical implications ............................................................................................ 130 6. The Trudeau peace initiative, 1983-84 .................................................................... 135 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 135 National identities ....................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • * . Leumtttg Ll^Raui
    . ..* . The Weather Partiy cloudy, ooolor tontgliL lEum tttg ll^ ra U i Low aiiioiit 40. Tom om w most­ ly cloudy, brooiy, cool. U g h in tlM low DOS. Manch«$ter— A City of VUiage Charm MANCHESTER, OONN^ MONDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1988 (OImmUM AdvertUluy «■ >t) PRICE TEN CENTS South Viet State Poll Says LBJ Joins HHH Nixon and Ribicoff Troops Hit HARTFORD, Conn. (AP)— Czech Students March A poll conducted for the Hartford Times showed to­ In Blasting Nixon day Connecticut voters favor­ Veteran Unit ing Republican presidential By THE ASSORTED PBE88 ourlty gap asid ohaigea about candidate Richard M. Nixon 8AIGK>N (A P ) — South V iet- President Johnson has ac­ our attempts to win peace in the over Democrat Hubert H. iwnMM Intuitrymon •maahed cused Richard M. Nixon of mak­ w o rid ." Humphrey, but Democratic Into troops from a veteran ing "ugly and urdalr ohaiges" Humphrey issued a statement Incumbent Abraham Ribicoff North Vletnameae regiment that on security and peace efforts On Presidential Castle after Nixon’s television appear­ over OOP candidate Edwin spearheaded two offensives on and Hubert II. Humphrey ance, charging him with “using H. May in the U.S. Senate PRAGUE (AP) — Thousands Saigon this year, government charges Nixon with spreading a tactic wMch he has used In so ra ce. m dK ary h eadquarters an* an imfounded rumor that the many campaigns.’ ' The copyrighted poll said of CaechosiovakB marched tai nounoed today. Democrats are playing politics Nixon was favored by 44 per Prague today ta patriotic dem- "The tactic; spread an un­ A government spokesman with peace.
    [Show full text]
  • No 15, 5 February 1986
    No. 15 405 THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE Published by Authority WELLINGTON: WEDNESDAY, 5 FEBRUARY 1986 CORRIGENDUM Land Taken for Road in Block IX, Tauranga Survey District, Land Acquiredfor a Service Lane in the City of Wanganui Tauranga County PAUL REEVES, Governor-General IN the Declaration with the above heading dated 20 December and published in New Zealand Gazette of9 January 1986, No. I, at page A PROCLAMATION 5, for the expression "a service land" in the fourth line, read "a PURSUANT to the Public Works Act 1981, I, The Most Reverend service lane", which words appear in the original declaration signed Sir Paul Alfred Reeves, the Governor-General of New Zealand, for the Minister of Works and Development. hereby declare the land described in the Schedule hereto to be taken (P.W. 54/778/68; Wg. D.O. 94/28/5/0) for road, and to be vested in The Tauranga County Council on the 14th day after the date of publication of this proclamation in the III , Gazette. SCHEDULE CORRIGENDUM SOUTH AUCKLAND LAND DISTRICT Declaring Land to be Acquired for the Generation of Electricity in ALL that piece of land containing 113 square metres, situated in Block I, Cromwell Survey District, Vincent County Block IX, Tauranga Survey District, being part Lot 2, D.P. S. 15639 and being part Allotments 75, 76 and 613, Parish of Te Papa; as shown marked "A" on S.O. Plan 52106, lodged in the office of the IN the Declaration with the above heading dated 20 December 1985 Chief Surveyor at Hamilton. published in the New Zealand Gazette of 9 January 1986, No.
    [Show full text]
  • Adapting to Institutional Change in New Zealand Politics
    21. Taming Leadership? Adapting to Institutional Change in New Zealand Politics Raymond Miller Introduction Studies of political leadership typically place great stress on the importance of individual character. The personal qualities looked for in a New Zealand or Australian leader include strong and decisive action, empathy and an ability to both reflect the country's egalitarian traditions and contribute to a growing sense of nationhood. The impetus to transform leaders from extraordinary people into ordinary citizens has its roots in the populist belief that leaders should be accessible and reflect the values and lifestyle of the average voter. This fascination with individual character helps account for the sizeable biographical literature on past and present leaders, especially prime ministers. Typically, such studies pay close attention to the impact of upbringing, personality and performance on leadership success or failure. Despite similarities between New Zealand and Australia in the personal qualities required of a successful leader, leadership in the two countries is a product of very different constitutional and institutional traditions. While the overall trend has been in the direction of a strengthening of prime ministerial leadership, Australia's federal structure of government allows for a diffusion of leadership across multiple sources of influence and power, including a network of state legislatures and executives. New Zealand, in contrast, lacks a written constitution, an upper house, or the devolution of power to state or local government. As a result, successive New Zealand prime ministers and their cabinets have been able to exercise singular power. This chapter will consider the impact of recent institutional change on the nature of political leadership in New Zealand, focusing on the extent to which leadership practices have been modified or tamed by three developments: the transition from a two-party to a multi-party parliament, the advent of coalition government, and the emergence of a multi-party cartel.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand's Green Party and Foreign Troop Deployments: Views, Values and Impacts
    New Zealand's Green Party and Foreign Troop Deployments: Views, Values and Impacts By Simon Beuse A Thesis Submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Political Science School of History, Philosophy, Political Science and International Relations Victoria University of Wellington 2010 Content List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. 3 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 5 2 New Zealand‘s Foreign Affairs .......................................................................................... 9 2.1 Public Perceptions ....................................................................................................... 9 2.2 History ....................................................................................................................... 10 2.3 Key Relationships ...................................................................................................... 11 2.4 The Nuclear Issue ...................................................................................................... 12 2.5 South Pacific .............................................................................................................. 14 2.6 Help in Numbers: The United Nations ...................................................................... 15 2.7 Defence Reform 2000
    [Show full text]
  • Māori and Aboriginal Women in the Public Eye
    MĀORI AND ABORIGINAL WOMEN IN THE PUBLIC EYE REPRESENTING DIFFERENCE, 1950–2000 MĀORI AND ABORIGINAL WOMEN IN THE PUBLIC EYE REPRESENTING DIFFERENCE, 1950–2000 KAREN FOX THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY E PRESS E PRESS Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://epress.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Fox, Karen. Title: Māori and Aboriginal women in the public eye : representing difference, 1950-2000 / Karen Fox. ISBN: 9781921862618 (pbk.) 9781921862625 (ebook) Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Subjects: Women, Māori--New Zealand--History. Women, Aboriginal Australian--Australia--History. Women, Māori--New Zealand--Social conditions. Women, Aboriginal Australian--Australia--Social conditions. Indigenous women--New Zealand--Public opinion. Indigenous women--Australia--Public opinion. Women in popular culture--New Zealand. Women in popular culture--Australia. Indigenous peoples in popular culture--New Zealand. Indigenous peoples in popular culture--Australia. Dewey Number: 305.4880099442 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover image: ‘Maori guide Rangi at Whakarewarewa, New Zealand, 1935’, PIC/8725/635 LOC Album 1056/D. National Library of Australia, Canberra. Cover design and layout by ANU E Press Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2011 ANU E Press Contents Acknowledgements . vii Abbreviations . ix Illustrations . xi Glossary of Māori Words . xiii Note on Usage . xv Introduction . 1 Chapter One .
    [Show full text]
  • The Navy Vol 60 Part 2 1998
    5JULYULY-SEPTEMBE- R 1998 VOLUME 60 NO.3 $3.50 The Magazine of the Navy League of Australia THE NAVY THE NAVY During August. 1998. the Naval Air Station. VIEWPOINT HMAS ALBATROSS will set the scene with a major 50th Anniversary Air Day. with dozens of aircraft and helicopters The Navy Number 3. 1998 is a pot-pourri' expected on show. The public display will of news and articles from the World's span five decades, of Naval Aviation, with Navies. numerous flying, museum and static Most recently, for Australia, the first ever displays. Peoples Liberation Army - Navy (PLA-N) The new Combat Fleets of the World Task Group visit was successfully 1998-99 naval reference book is expected Navy Needs Major Modernisation Urgendy 3 undertaken in Sydney during the early part to be available in local bookshops from Chinese Naval Task Group Visit to Australia 4 of May. This edition also features a special July-August. Spanning 1220 pages, the Navy League of Australia; Statement of New Zealand feature, including a post 1998-99 edition includes more than 4.750 Policy t Defence White Paper commentary, the photographs and line drawings. This year, Canada's Naval Forres Adjust Course 7 veteran Westaland Wasp Helicopter Story for the first time, a j>Q;ROM version is New Tank Landing Ship for Singapore 9 and an update on the 'new', interim SH-2F available. A Defence Budget 1998-99 10 Seasprites, which are now flying. of The Navy. New Zealand - Special Feature An 'oldtimer' making a comeback into -After the 1997 Defence White Paper 18 Australian military service in the Lighter -Wasp Finale 20 Amphibious Re-supply Cargo Mk V.
    [Show full text]
  • Maritime Security
    Australia and New Zealand in the Asia Pacific. Maritime Security Maritime security is of vital importance to Australia and New Zealand, as both countries depend on maritime transport for their economic survival. Since the events of 11 September 2001 serious questions have been raised as to whether Australia and New Zealand are adequately prepared for the con- sequences of a major disruption of global shipping following a terrorist attack on a leading regional port such as Hong Kong or Singapore. Considerable efforts have been undertaken to improve responses to an array of maritime security threats, such as transnational crime, environmental pollution and piracy and armed robbery. This volume identifies the issues that particularly affect Australia and New Zealand’s maritime security, evaluating the issues from legal and political perspec- tives, and proposes methods for improving the maritime security of the two coun- tries. While the focus is primarily on Australia and New Zealand, the scope extends to regional considerations, addressing matters related to Pacific island states, South East Asia and the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. The book also addresses strategic partnerships, examining the influence of the United States, and analyses issues within the broad framework of international law and politics. Maritime Security: International Law and Policy Perspectives from Australia and New Zealand will be of great interest to scholars of international law, international relations and maritime affairs, maritime industry professionals, private and government lawyers, as well as diplomats, consuls and government officials. Natalie Klein is an Associate Professor at Macquarie Law School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Joanna Mossop is a Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Law at Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
    [Show full text]
  • NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE Published by Authority
    No. 128 3713 THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE Published by Authority WELLINGTON: THURSDAY, 6 AUGUST 1987 CORRIGENDUM hereto and comprised in a roadway laid out by the Maori Land Notice by Commerce Commission of Clearances of Merger and Court by order dated the 20th day of March 1961, to be road and Takeover Proposals to be vested in The Matamata County Council. IN the notice with the above heading published in the New Zealand SCHEDULE Gazette, 16 July 1987, No. Ill, page 3343,/or McDonald's Lime Ltd., date of clearance '31 July 1987' read as '3 July 1987.' SOUTH AUCKLAND LAND DISTRICT Dated at Wellington this 29th day of July 1987. ALL that piece of land containing 14.9 perches, situated in Block XII, Tapapa Survey District, being part Whaiti Kuranui 6C2C West D. T. WOGAN, for Commerce Commission. B (Roadway); as shown coloured pink on M.L. Plan 20306, lodged in the office of the Chief Surveyor at Hamilton. Given under the hand of His Excellency the Governor­ General, and issued under the Seal of New Zealand, CORRIGENDUM this 27th day of July 1987. Reappointing and Appointing Members of the National Water FRASER COLMAN, and Soil Conservation Authority Minister of Works and Development. [L.S.) GOD SAVE THE QUEEN! IN the notice with the above heading dated 5 May 1987 and published in the New Zealand Gazette of 14 May 1987, No. 71 at (P.W. 34/3465; Hn. D.O. 1617/145) page 2 I 29,/or the words 12/1 "Gary Moore Glazebrook of Hastings, farmer, after consultation by the Minister with the New Zealand Counties Association Incorporated" Auckland Metropolitan Drainage District Order (No.1), 1987 read "Gary Moore Glazebrook of Hastings, farmer, after consultation by the Minister with the Federated Farmers of New Zealand PAUL REEVES, Governor-General Incorporated" ORDER IN COUNCIL which words appear in the original notice executed by His Excellency At Wellington this 27th day of July 1987 the Governor-General.
    [Show full text]
  • March 2 2017 Bulletin
    BULLETIN: VOL. 62: ISSUE 32, MARCH 2 2017 JOHN VAN DER PUT: ENERGY EAST PIPELINE INSIDE THIS BULLETIN Bob Wiens introduced our Speaker today, John Van der Put from TransCanada to discuss the Ener- gy East Pipeline. 1. ENERGY EAST PIPELINE 2. ENERGY EAST PIPELINE The Energy Industry is increasingly more complex and 3. CLUB NEWS challenging and John Van der Put (Vice President, En- 4. CLUB NEWS ergy East Stakeholder Safety and Emergency Re- 5. WORLD COMMUNITY SERVICE sponse) knows this better than anyone. 6. NEW MEMBER CELEBRATION John is responsible for effective communication and 7. MRU PEACE STUDIES INITIATIVE external stakeholder buy-in of TransCanada’s safety 8. UPCOMING FIRESIDE EVENT and emergency response practices and processes. John 9. RADIUM WEEKEND GETAWAY has been in the oil industry since 1990 starting at No- 10. L’ARCHE AND CONVENTIONS va, and he continued on with TransCanada after they 11. SMALL GRANTS AND BONSPIEL merged in 1998. He is currently a member of the Gov- 12. PARTNERS IN PRINT erning Council for the Association of Professional En- 13. CLUB CALENDAR gineers and Geosciences of Alberta 14. CLUBRUNNER & WEBSITE INFO John began by advising us that the Energy East Pipe- line is a 15 billion project that is privately funded and runs from Hardisty Albert to St John New Brunswick. BULLETIN CHAIR: BEV OSTERMANN One of the natural gas pipelines would be converted to transport crude oil, thereby reducing the cost of laying EDITOR: BRENDA MCKINLEY new and would have less of an environmental impact. PHOTOGRAPHER: JOHN SHIELD The crude would be delivered to three refineries, two in Quebec and one in New Brunswick.
    [Show full text]
  • Paddling on One Side of the Canoe Nzadds Working Paper May 2011
    Paddling on one side of the canoe?: The changing nature of New Zealand’s development assistance programme NZADDs Working Paper1 Glenn Banks: [email protected] (corresponding author); Warwick E Murray: [email protected]; John Overton: [email protected]; Regina Scheyvens: [email protected] The direction and nature of New Zealand’s aid policy has undergone a near revolution under the National Party government elected in 2008. Prior to this, NZAID, a semi-autonomous unit of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, had evolved to manage the aid budget in line with internationally-agreed principles on aid practice, reflecting concepts of partnership and shared responsibility, concepts analogous to the notion of paddling on both sides of the canoe. Under the new National Government, NZAID was reincorporated into the Ministry, its focus was shifted from poverty and diversified livelihoods to economic growth, and the aid programme has been aligned more closely with the country’s foreign policy interests. We suggest that this is tantamount to paddling the canoe on only one side. This paper interprets these shifts in the context of the restructuring in New Zealand international aid policy between 1970 and 2010. The article has three broad aims: Firstly, to provide an overview of shifting themes and geographies of New Zealand’s aid policy over the four decades of concern; secondly, to explore the relationship between the global aid regime and national practice commenting on the factors that lead to alignment in these two imperatives or otherwise; and thirdly, to analyse the influence of politics, and of key individuals within political parties, in setting the direction of aid policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Did Muldoon Really 'Go Too Slowly' with CER?
    New Zealand Journal of History, 41, 2 (2007) Did Muldoon really ‘go too slowly’ with CER?1 CONVENTIONAL WISDOM HAS IT that the Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement 1983 (CER) came into existence ‘despite’ rather than ‘because of’ Robert Muldoon, New Zealand’s Prime Minister and Minister of Finance from 1975 to 1984, who was not much interested in the arrangement.2 The perception is that Muldoon stalled the process, confounding the efforts of policy innovators who were keen for New Zealand to deregulate. Commonly, the subsequent neoliberal experiment of Rogernomics is justified in terms of Muldoon’s failure to adjust to transformed global realities. Implicit in this view is the assumption that Muldoon, the arch- regulator, could not be responsible for what is widely praised as the world’s most successful and ‘most comprehensive free trade agreement’.3 This article tests the conventional wisdom against archival sources about the negotiation of CER. It has two launching points: my previous work that argues that CER confounds any analysis of the Muldoon era as solely associated with controls and big government; and second the idea that CER is consistent with a historical pattern of long-term aspirations for trans-Tasman economic arrangements.4 The critical archival sources surrounding CER were published in a volume compiled jointly by the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of CER.5 In this first historical analysis of these trans- Tasman documents, I argue that the primary evidence reveals Muldoon to have been a consistent supporter of CER negotiations and a critical participant in decision-making.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Excellence in Aid Delivery
    Towards Excellence in Aid Delivery A Review of New Zealand’s Official Development Assistance Programme Report of the Ministerial Review Team March 2001 Acknowledgement The review team would like to record its appreciation of the significant level of cooperation and generous support given to the reviewers by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade in general, and the Development Cooperation Division in particular during the six months of the review process. At the outset of the Review, both Mr Gordon Shroff, Deputy Secretary of Foreign Affairs and Trade responsible for ODA, and Ms Rosemary Banks, Director of the Development Cooperation Division, encouraged staff to be open with the review team, and be supportive of the process. The unprecedented level of constructive discussion with individual staff at all levels of the Ministry in Wellington and overseas was of tremendous value to the team. The Ministry gave the team unimpeded access to publications, documentation, files, reports and staff throughout the review process. The team was impressed by the high levels of commitment and hard work by Ministry staff evidenced in both Wellington and overseas. This report includes some beliefs expressed by staff that are critical of NZODA, DEV and MFAT. The Team views the willingness of staff to be frank as a reflection of their high levels of dedication and professionalism and their desire for the best outcomes for NZODA. The review team is grateful to Mr David Shearer, the executive assistant to the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Mr Shearer served as the liaison between the team, the ministers and the Ministry.
    [Show full text]