New Zealand's Green Party and Foreign Troop Deployments: Views, Values and Impacts
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New Zealand's Green Party and Foreign Troop Deployments: Views, Values and Impacts By Simon Beuse A Thesis Submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Political Science School of History, Philosophy, Political Science and International Relations Victoria University of Wellington 2010 Content List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. 3 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 5 2 New Zealand‘s Foreign Affairs .......................................................................................... 9 2.1 Public Perceptions ....................................................................................................... 9 2.2 History ....................................................................................................................... 10 2.3 Key Relationships ...................................................................................................... 11 2.4 The Nuclear Issue ...................................................................................................... 12 2.5 South Pacific .............................................................................................................. 14 2.6 Help in Numbers: The United Nations ...................................................................... 15 2.7 Defence Reform 2000 ................................................................................................ 16 2.8 Iraq War ..................................................................................................................... 18 3 The Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand ...................................................................... 20 3.1 History ....................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 The Values Party ....................................................................................................... 20 3.3 The Alliance Years .................................................................................................... 22 3.4 The Green Party ......................................................................................................... 23 3.5 Visions, Values and Principles .................................................................................. 24 3.6 Multilateralism ........................................................................................................... 26 3.7 Use of Force ............................................................................................................... 27 4 East Timor ......................................................................................................................... 29 4.1 The Era of Colonisation ............................................................................................. 29 4.2 Indonesian Invasion 1975 .......................................................................................... 30 4.3 ASEAN and the Case of East Timor ......................................................................... 30 4.4 Referendum and Crisis 1999 ..................................................................................... 33 4.5 Peace keeping and State building .............................................................................. 35 4.6 New Zealand‘s Influence ........................................................................................... 39 4.7 The Aftermath: New Zealand‘s Defence Reform ...................................................... 44 4.8 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 47 5 Solomon Islands ................................................................................................................ 49 5.1 History ....................................................................................................................... 49 5.2 RAMSI ....................................................................................................................... 52 5.3 Reasons and Justification ........................................................................................... 53 1 5.4 International Cooperation .......................................................................................... 55 5.5 New Zealand‘s Interest in the South Pacific ............................................................. 58 5.6 New Zealand‘s Influence on RAMSI ........................................................................ 60 5.7 Australian Influence on RAMSI ................................................................................ 62 5.8 Beyond RAMSI ......................................................................................................... 64 5.9 Competing Systems of Governance .......................................................................... 65 5.10 Criticism .................................................................................................................... 67 5.11 The Immunity Issue ................................................................................................... 68 5.12 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 70 6 Afghanistan ....................................................................................................................... 72 6.1 Background ................................................................................................................ 72 6.2 Domestic debates ....................................................................................................... 73 6.3 The Alliance .............................................................................................................. 76 6.4 Justification and Legitimacy ...................................................................................... 78 6.5 The Bonn Agreement and NATO .............................................................................. 80 6.6 New Zealand‘s Involvement ...................................................................................... 82 6.7 SAS 2001-2005 .......................................................................................................... 84 6.8 US FTA NZ ............................................................................................................... 87 6.9 Public Opinion ........................................................................................................... 88 6.10 Impacts on New Zealand‘s Domestic Legislation ..................................................... 89 6.11 Waihopai .................................................................................................................... 91 6.12 SAS 2009-2011 .......................................................................................................... 95 6.13 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 99 7 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 101 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................... 107 2 List of Abbreviations AIA – Afghan Interim Administration ATA – Afghan Transitional Authority APEC – Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ASEAN – Association of Southeast Asian Nations ADF – Australian Defence Force ANZUS – Australia, New Zealand, and United States Security Treaty ASPI – Australia Strategic Policy Institute CEP – Closer Economic Partnership CER – Closer Economic Relation LTDP – Defence Long-term Development Plan DSI – Defence Sustainability Initiative ETPS – East Timor Police Service EAPC – Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council EEC – European Economic Community FFP – First Past the Post FTA – Free Trade Agreement GCSB – Government Communications Security Bureau GDP – Gross Domestic Product GNI – Gross National Income GRA – Guadalcanal Revolutionary Army ISC – Intelligence and Security Committee ICC – International Criminal Court INTERFET – International Force for East Timor IMF – International Monetary Fund ISAF – International Security Assistance Force MEF – Malaita Eagle Force MFAT – Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade MMP – Mixed Member Proportional MAP – Mutual Assistance Programme NSA – National Security Archive NGO – Non-Governmental Organisations NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 3 NZ SAS – New Zealand Special Air Service PIF – Pacific Island Forum PAP – People‘s Alliance Party PRT – Provincial Reconstruction Team RAMSI – Regional Assistance Mission in Solomon Islands RMA – Resource Management Act FRETILIN – Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor RSIP – Royal Solomon Islands Police SPF – South Pacific Forum SPNFZ – South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty SAS – Special Air Service TNI – Tentara Nasional Indonesia UDT – Timorese Democratic Union TPA – Townsville Peace Agreement TSA – Terrorism Suppression Act UN – United Nations UNAMA – United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan UNAMET – UN Assistance Mission in East Timor UN-DPKO – UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations UNMIT – United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste