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Artbestand, Ökologie Und Habitatwahl Von Bienen Ausgewählter Offenlebensräume Im Lazovski…

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Artbestand, Ökologie Und Habitatwahl Von Bienen Ausgewählter Offenlebensräume Im Lazovski… © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at %NTOMOFAUNA :%)43#(2)&4&Ã2%.4/-/,/')% Supplement 15 : 357 Seiten ISSN 0250-4413 Ansfelden, 30. Juni 2009 Artbestand, Ökologie und Habitatwahl von Bienen ausgewählter Offenlebensräume im Lazovski Zapovednik (Ferner Osten Russland) (Hymenoptera, Apiformes) Michael QUEST Abstract In 2001, 2002 and 2003 the bee communities of naturally treeless habitats within a forest- dominated region in the Russian Far East were investigated for the first time. The study was carried out in the Lazovski Nature Reserve and adjacent areas in the south of the Sikhote-Alin mountain range in the Russian Far East east of Vladivostok. The region is characterised by species-rich broad-leaved and largely undisturbed mixed forest showing natural habitat dynamics. In this area the bee communities of naturally open habitats like floodplains, coastlines, sites above the timberline and isolated mountain tops within the broad-leaved forest were investigated. The present study shows the importance of natural dynamics in woodlands for the bee fauna. It is demonstrated that in contradiction to previous assumptions natural woodlands possess a rich and specialized bee fauna. A total of 204 bee species in 4453 specimens were found during the investigation including a number of remarkable records. Five undescribed species were discovered: Colletes arsenjevi KUHLMANN, 2006, Lasioglossum caliginosum MURAO, EBMER & TADAUCHI, 2006, Lasioglossum eomontanum EBMER, 2006, Lasioglossum miyabei MURAO, EBMER & TADAUCHI, 2006 and Lasioglossum nemorale EBMER, 2006. Three species are recorded for the first time in the eastern Palaearctic: Nomada obscura ZETTERSTEDT, 1838, Nomada opaca ALFKEN, 1913 and Nomada striata FABRICIUS, 1793. 1 © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Four species hitherto known only from Japan or Russian islands are found for the first time on Eurasian mainland: Nomada issikii YASUMATSU, 1939, Nomada koikensis TSUNEKI, 1973, Nomada okamotonis MATSUMURA, 1912 and Nomada silvicola TSUNEKI, 1973. Eleven species are recorded for the first time in Russia: Hylaeus montivagus DATHE, 1986, Hylaeus sibiricus (STRAND, 1909), Andrena nudigastroides YASUMATSU, 1935, Lasioglossum eos EBMER, 1978, Lasioglossum epiphron EBMER, 1982, Lasioglossum sakagamii EBMER, 1978, Lasioglossum virideglaucum EBMER & SAKAGAMI, 1994, Sphecodes scabricollis WESMAEL, 1885, Nomada flavoguttata japonica TSUNEKI, 1973, Nomada ginran TSUNEKI, 1973 and Nomada pacifica TSUNEKI, 1973. Thirteen species are new to the Russian Far East: Hylaeus sericathus (WARNCKE, 1972), Sphecodes pellucidus SMITH, 1845, Sphecodes ferruginatus HAGENS, 1882, Osmia inermis (ZETTERSTEDT, 1838), Eucera sociabilis SMITH, 1873, Nomada flavoguttata japonica TSUNEKI, 1973, Nomada fulvicornis FABRICIUS, 1793, Nomada fusca SCHWARZ, 1986, Nomada guttulata SCHENCK, 1861, Nomada japonica SMITH, 1873, Nomada okamotonis MATSUMURA, 1912, Nomada planifrons LOZINSKI, 1922 and Nomada posthuma BLÜTHGEN, 1949. New to Primorskii krai are nine species: Hylaeus variegatus (FABRICIUS, 1789), Lasioglossum nupricola SAKAGAMI, 1988, Sphecodes crassus THOMSON, 1870, Hoplitis tuberculata (NYLANDER, 1848), Osmia parietina CURTIS, 1828, Coelioxys lanceolata NYLANDER, 1852, Nomada issikii YASUMATSU, 1939, Nomada panzeri LEPELETIER, 1841 and Epeolus coreanus YASUMATSU, 1933. The knowledge about distribution, habitat requirements and flower visiting behaviour of bees is considerably increased for many species. A zoogeographic analysis showed the almost complete absence of steppe elements while the fauna is generally dominated by boreal, subboreal and eurosiberian elements. The bee fauna varies considerably between sites depending on availability of nesting sites and pollen resources. Natural floodplains accommodate about 70% of all species. They have the highest species diversity and possess the highest number of cuckoo and oligolectic bees due to the unusual high habitat diversity and the lack of barriers for dispersal. Thus floodplains are refuge areas and sources for bee dispersal for other habitats at the same time. Depending on climatic conditions habitat types are dominated by species with special habitat requirements. Coastal dunes with their open sandy soil are favoured by large soil nesting and robust bees that can best cope with the constant windy conditions. Isolated rocky mountain tops exhibit a depauperate bee fauna due to their small size, lack of nesting sites for ground-nesting bees and the small number of flowers. They have the least diverse fauna mainly dominated by widespread species. The bee fauna of subalpine tundra due to the colder climate is composed of species that are usually found in higher latitudes or in higher altitude and is characterized by bumblebees (Bombus) that are most abundant here. 2 © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Zusammenfassung In den Jahren 2001, 2002 und 2003 wurden im Fernen Osten Russlands erstmalig die Bienenzönosen von natürlichen Offenflächen in Waldregionen untersucht. Die Untersuchung wurde im Lazovski Zapovednik und in angrenzenden Gebieten im Sikhote-Alin-Gebirge durchgeführt. Die Vegetation der Region wird von artenreichen Breitlaub-Mischwäldern charakterisiert, die einer nahezu ungestörten natürlichen Dynamik unterliegen. Im Untersuchungsgebiet wurden die Bienenzönosen von offenen Habitaten in den Auenbereichen, den Küsten, isolierten Felsgipfeln innerhalb der Breitlaubmischwälder und den subalpinen Tundren untersucht. Zudem sind auch Daten aus Beifängen von landwirtschaftlichen Nutzflächen und Brachen in die Arbeit eingeflossen. Die Studie zeigt die hohe Bedeutung von natürlicher Dynamik für eine artenreiche und spezialisierte Bienenfauna. Insgesamt konnten 204 Arten in 4453 Individuen in der Untersuchung nachgewiesen werden, darunter eine Vielzahl faunistisch interessanter Arten. Fünf bisher unbeschriebene Arten konnten im Rahmen der Untersuchung entdeckt werden: Colletes arsenjevi KUHLMANN, 2006, Lasioglossum caliginosum MURAO, EBMER & TADAUCHI, 2006, Lasioglossum eomontanum EBMER, 2006, Lasioglossum miyabei MURAO, EBMER & TADAUCHI, 2006 und Lasioglossum nemorale EBMER, 2006. Drei Arten wurden erstmalig für die Ostpaläarktis nachgewiesen: Nomada obscura ZETTERSTEDT, 1838, Nomada opaca ALFKEN, 1913 und Nomada striata FABRICIUS, 1793. Vier Arten sind neu für das Eurasische Festland und waren bisher nur für Japan oder die vorgelagerten russischen Inseln bekannt: Nomada issikii YASUMATSU, 1939, Nomada koikensis TSUNEKI, 1973, Nomada okamotonis MATSUMURA, 1912 und Nomada silvicola TSUNEKI, 1973. Elf Arten konnten erstmals für Russland nachgewiesen werden: Hylaeus montivagus DATHE, 1986, Hylaeus sibiricus (STRAND, 1909), Andrena nudigastroides YASUMATSU, 1935, Lasioglossum eos EBMER, 1978, Lasioglossum epiphron EBMER, 1982, Lasioglossum sakagamii EBMER, 1978, Lasioglossum virideglaucum EBMER & SAKAGAMI, 1994, Sphecodes scabricollis WESMAEL, 1885, Nomada flavoguttata japonica TSUNEKI, 1973, Nomada ginran TSUNEKI, 1973 und Nomada pacifica TSUNEKI, 1973. 13 Arten sind neu für den Russischen Fernen Osten: Hylaeus sericathus (WARNCKE, 1972), Sphecodes pellucidus SMITH, 1845, Sphecodes ferruginatus HAGENS, 1882, Osmia inermis (ZETTERSTEDT, 1838), Eucera sociabilis SMITH, 1873, Nomada flavoguttata japonica TSUNEKI, 1973, Nomada fulvicornis FABRICIUS, 1793, Nomada fusca SCHWARZ, 1986, Nomada guttulata SCHENCK, 1861, Nomada japonica SMITH, 1873, Nomada okamotonis MATSUMURA, 1912, Nomada planifrons LOZINSKI, 1922 und Nomada posthuma BLÜTHGEN, 1949. Neun Arten konnten erstmalig für den Primorskii krai festgestellt werden: Hylaeus variegatus (FABRICIUS, 1789), Lasioglossum nupricola SAKAGAMI, 1988, Sphecodes crassus THOMSON, 1870, Hoplitis tuberculata (NYLANDER, 1848), Osmia parietina CURTIS, 1828, Coelioxys lanceolata NYLANDER, 1852, Nomada issikii YASUMATSU, 1939, Nomada panzeri LEPELETIER, 1841 und Epeolus coreanus YASUMATSU, 1933. Für viele Arten der Untersuchung konnte durch die Untersuchung das Wissen über die Verbreitung, Habitatbindung, Blütenbesuche und Wirt-Parasitoid-Beziehungen deutlich erweitert werden. Die zoogeographische Analyse der Bienenfauna zeigt, dass das Untersuchungsgebiet hauptsächlich von borealen, subborealen und eurosibirsischen Arten geprägt wird. Wüsten- und Steppenelement fehlen fast komplett. 3 © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Wegen der unterschiedlichen Ausstattung mit bienenrelevanten Strukturen unterscheiden sich die Bienenzönosen der Untersuchungsgebiete deutlich. Natürliche Auen verfügen im Untersuchungsgebiet nicht nur über die höchste Artenzahl sondern auch über die meisten oligolektischen und parasitoiden Bienenarten. Natürliche Auen stellen ein hochdiverses Habitatmosaik dar und besitzen nur wenige Habitatbarrieren für Arten offener Lebensräume. Sie fungieren nicht nur als Refugialräume sondern auch als Ausbreitungszentren für umliegende Habitate. Andere Lebensräume im Untersuchungsgebiet verfügen über Bienenzönosen, die je nach Ausstattung und klimatischen Bedingungen von einzelnen ökologischen Gilden charakterisiert werden. Küstendünen werden von großen und robusten erdnistenden Bienen dominiert, während auf isolierten Felsgipfeln kleine hypergäisch nistende Arten vorkommen, weil offenen Bodenstellen sehr selten sind. Die subalpinen Tundren im Untersuchungsgebiet werden hauptsächlich von Arten bestimmt, die nördlich verbreitet sind oder überwiegend in höheren Lagen angetroffen werden.
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