16. Witting R. and Po tt P. Die Verbreitung von Littorelletea-Arten in der Westfalischen Bucht. Decheniana, Bonn. 1982, №81, p. 14-21. 17. Ţvelev N.N. Alismataceae. Vo: Flora Evropeiskoi ciasti SSSR. Red. An. A. Fedorov. T. 4, L.: Nauka, 1979, s. 156-167.
THE RARE SPECIES OF TRAGOPOGON L. (ASTERACEAE) IN THE BESSARABIA´S FLORA Olga Ionita Botanical Garden (Institute) ASM
Summary. The research results of three rare species of the Tragopogon L. genus: T. fl occosus Waldst. et. Kit., T. pratensis L., T. borysthenicus Artemcz are present in this article. The synonymy, morphological description, ecology, habitat and corology of highlighted rare species are given. Identifi cation key for all Bessarabian species of Tragopogon is provided in the article.
Introduction The Tragopogon L. genus includes 100 species, widespread in warm temperate and subtropical regions of Eurasia and North Africa, excluding East Asia and a considerable part of taiga; the largest being in the Mediterranean countries, Central and South-West Asia. For the Republic of Moldova are given 6 species [5]. In the Bessarabia`s fl ora the Tragopogon genus is represented by 7 species: T. orientalis L., T. fl occosus Waldst. et. Kit., T. pratensis L., T. boristhenicus Artemcz., T. desertorum (Lindem.) Klok., T. dubius Scop., T. podolicus (DC.) Artemcz., of which 3 taxa are rare: T. fl occosus Waldst. et. Kit., T. pratensis L. and T. boristhenicus Artemcz. [6]. Materials and methods The study of Tragopogon genus was conducted based on processing herbarium materials collected in the fi eld during the last years, critical analysis of existing herbarium and following a review of published works on the topic. The critical analysis of Tragopogon species was performed by the classical comparative-morphological method [16]. The material collected in the fi eld was herbarized then determined in offi ce conditions, using contemporary fl oristic literature [5, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 18]. The indices of ecological groups, vital forms and geoelements of the taxa from the studied genera were taken from the fundamental works 174 of the fi eld [1, 9]. General Map of Bessarabia was taken from: Flora Basarabiei. Vol I [7].
Rezults and discussions Tragopogon L. genus Annual, biennial or perennial herbs. Stems usually solitary, simple or sparingly branched. Leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, entire, the cauline sheathing. Capitula solitary or few. Involucral bracts arranged in 1 row. Receptacle without scales. Ligules yellow. Achenes fusiform, with 5-10 more or less distinct ribs, often rostrate [10]. Pappus formed usually from plumose hairs of 8-35 mm length. The genus includes species that vegetate through hay-fi elds and grasslands, forest edge and glades, on marine and river sands. As a result of our investigation there are three species considered rare in Bessarabia´s fl ora: T. fl occosus, T. pratensis and T. boristhenicus. The dichotomic key for all Tragopogon species is given, as well as morphological description for the genus and sections, ecology, habitat and corological features of rare species.
The key to determining Tragopogon species 1a. Peduncle distinctly infl ated. Involucral bracts longer than the ligules...... 2 1b. Peduncle not infl ated. Involucral bracts shorter than the ligules (rarely equal) ...... 3 2a. Plants glabrous...... T. dubius Scop. 2b. Plants at the bottom of the stem, leaves, T. desertorum involucral bracts arachnoid-hairy...... (Lindem.) Klok 3a. Involucre less than 30 mm long ...... 4 3b.. Involucre more than 30 mm long...... 5 4a. Upper leaves nearly oval and abruptly narrowed into a short aculeu. Achenes T. borysthenicus unpronounceable muricate. Beak absent.. Arte mcz. 4b. Upper leaves oblong ovate, gradually narrowed into a relatively long peak. Achenes pronounced muricate. Beak up T. fl occosus Waldst. to 3 mm ...... et. Kit. 5a. Leaves narrow-linear. Achene with beak T. podolicus (DC.) shorter than 1/2 of their length ...... Artemcz.
175 5b. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Achene with beak equal or longer than 1/2 of its length ...... 6 6a. Anthers yellow, with dark violet tip...... T. pratensis L. 6b. Anthers yellow, violet striate. Beak shorter than achene ...... T. orientalis L.
Section 1. Brevirostres Kuth. 1957, Кавк. предст. Tragopogon: 12. – Tragopogon sect. Bessera Boriss. 1964, Фл. СССР, 29: 724, 162. – Tragopogon sect. Nikitinia Boriss. 1964, l. c.: 725, 180. Flowers yellow, with different shades. At the top of peduncles not infl ated. Beak of achenes shorter than ½ of their length or absent. Plants biennial, rarely perennial with fusiform root. T y p e: T. brevirostris DC. Tragopogon borysthenicus Artemcz. 1937, Тр. Наук.-досл. iнст. бот. Харкiв. унiв. 2: 47, рис. 5; Борис. 1964, Фл. СССР, 29: 174. Цвел., 1989, Фл. евр. Части СССР, 8: 51; Negru, 2007, Det. pl. fl . R. Mold.: 266; – T. brevirostris DC. subsp. borysthenicus (Artemcz.) C. Regel, 1937, Scripta Horti Bot. Univ. (Kaunas), 5: 41. – T. dolichocarpus Klok. 1965, Фл. УРСР, 12: 565, 236, рис. 47. – T. brevirostris auct. non DC.: I. Richards. 1976, Fl. Europ. 4: 324, pp. Biennial, up to 30-160 cm, more or less pubescent. with a fusiform vertical rootstock. Stems branched, with branches striped, obliquely inclined. Upper leaves strong shortened, 5-10 mm long, at the base cordate ovate, abruptly acute, with short aculeu, curved. Cauline leaves on the lower part whitish-violet, at base dilated, gradually cuneate into a narrowed limb. Basal leaves norrower than the cauline, narrow linear. Involucral bracts 15-23 mm long, shorter than fl owers. Achene 10-16 mm long, furrowed, rough on the rib, without beak. Pappus white or greenish white, achen length or shorter. Flowering-fruiting V-IX. Terophyte, grows on marine and river sands. Pontic element; xerophyllous, termophyte, prefer the low acid-neutrophilous soils. Rare species, detected only in Southern Bessarabia, in district VIII – South Bugeac steppes and district X – Chilia, characterized by coastal vegetation (picture1). Endemic to the Black Sea between Pericop and Danube delta [18]. Species introduced in the Red Book of Vascular Plants in Romania. Status - vulnerable (VU). It is protected by Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve. Habitats low specifi c resort, is often consumed by insects, particularly in reproductive sphere [2] . In the European fl ora T. borysthenicus Artemcz.is synonymy with 176 T. brevirostris DC, but T. borysthenicus Artemcz. is much closer after characters with T. fl occosus Waldst. et. Kit. Tragopogon fl occosus Waldst. et. Kit. Pl. Rar. Hung. II (1805) 116, tab. 112; Nyar. 1965, Fl. Rep. Pop. Rom. 10: 78; I. Richards. 1976, Fl. Europ. 4: 325; Ciocârlan, 2009, Fl. Il. Rom.: 854 pp; – T. brevirostre DC. Prodr. VII (1838) 114, s.l. Plant 30-60 cm tall. Root pivoting. In the juvenile phase the plant is covered with white toment, in adult status tomentous dispersed. Stem erect, branched expanded, leafy. Leaves broad-based, semiamplexicaul, attenuated, linear subulate. Peduncle cylindrical, not thickened or minimally thickened at the top. Anthodium during fl owering 12-15 cm long, fruiting long by 27(30) mm, with 8 involucral leafl ets shorter than the external ligules. Flowers light-yellow. Achenes 11-15 mm long, 5-ribbed, with a short beak (1-1.5 (3) mm), not thickened. Pappus whitish brown, slightly longer than the achenes. 2n = 12. Flowering-fruiting VI-VII. Hemicriptophyte identifi ed on sandy places, dune grass land. Pontic- pannonian element; xeromezophyllous, mesothermal, euryonic. The species is characteristic for river sands in the middle and lower stretches of the Danube. The habitat belongs to the Pannonic inland dunes type [11]. On the Bessarabia´s territory the species was highlighted in districts VIII – South Bugeac steppes and X – Chilia, characterized by coastal vegetation (picture 1). It is considered as rare species for the fl ora of Romania and Bulgaria [1, 11]. The habitat of T. fl occosus, Pannonic inland dunes, is a priority habitat for the European Union [3]. The most similar places along the Danube were drained and converted into arable land in the past. In Bulgaria rating according to the IUCN criteria (IUCN 2001) resulted in the following national IUCN category: Critically Endangered [4, 11]. Section 2. Tragopogon Flowers yellow, with diferent shades. Peduncle not thickened or very slightly thickened at the top. The beak equal or longer than the ½ of achenes length. Biennial plants with fusiform root. T y p e: genus lectotype. Tragopogon pratensis L. 1753, Sp. Pl.: 789; Борис. 1964, Фл. СССР, 29: 143; Nyar. 1965, Fl. Rep. Pop. Rom. 10: 85; I. Richards. 1976, Fl. Europ. 4: 324, pp.; Цвелев, 1989, Фл. евр. части СССР, 8: 54; Доброчаева, Котов, Прокудин, 1999, Опред. высш. раст. Укр.: 370; Ciocârlan, 2009, Fl. Il. Rom.: 855 pp; Negru, 2007, Det. pl. fl . R. Mold.: 266.
177 Figure 1. The spread of rare species of Tragopogon L. on the Bessarabia´s territory ● – T. fl occosus, ■ – T. borysthenicus,▲ – T. pratensis
Biennial or perennial plant, 30-70 cm tall. Vertical root, pivoting, unbranched, to head with brown fi bers and remnants of old leaves. Erect stem, simple or branched, glabrous, with long branches, leafy, fi nely striated. Leaves long, attenuated upwards, linear lanceolate, very long and thin sharp peak often circinate, sessile, amplexicaul, covering secondary branches and buds (when present), glabrous, with parallel veins, 6-15 mm wide, straight edges or slightly wavy. Branches with only one anthodium, with long stems, not thickened. Anthodium with involucre longer than 30 mm. Involucral leafl ets shorter than the ligules (rarely equal). Flowers light-yellow, the marginal usually involucre length. Anthers yellow in the 178 lower part only, black-purple top. Marginal achenes, 5 edges, rough warty or trivial spinulose, top less thick, with beak longer than the ½ of their length or the length beak achenes. Pappus dirty white, 15-20 mm long. 2n = 12. Flowering-fruiting VI-VIII. Terophyte-hemicriptophyte identifi ed on grass places, meadows, glades and forest edge, often is confused with Tragopogon orientalis. Eurasian element, mezophyllous, microtherm, prefer acid-neutrophilous soils. In Bessarabia´s fl ora the T. pratensis L. was reported for the fi rst time at the end of 19th century by Lipskii and Zeleneţkii [15, 17]. For fl ora of the Republic of Moldova was mentioned by A. Negru [5]. In Bessarabia is rarely spread in districts V - Codrii and VI – Forest- steppe of garnet. In summer of 2011 was identifi ed a new place of growth: near Movila Măgura (the Ţighira territory, Ungheni district) the edge of a stand of oak, in boundaries of the Bălţi Steppe district (fi gure 1). The species area includes Scandinavia (south), Atlantic and Central Europe. Conclusions Numerous investigations and fi eld monitoring of highlighted rare species are required, in order to determine the rarity and endangered status of these taxa and to elaborate the special conservation measures. Bibliography 1. Ciocârlan V. Flora ilustrată a României. Bucureşti, Editura Ceres, 2000, p. 854-855. 2. Dihoru Gh., Negrean G. Cartea Roşie a plantelor vasculare din România. Bucuresti, Editura Academiei Române, 2009. p. 545-546. 3. Directive 92/43/EEC. 1992. Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. – OJ L 206, 22.07.1992. p. 7-50. 4. IUCN . 2001. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. Gland & Cambridge. 5. Negru A. Determinator de plante din fl ora Republicii Moldova. Chişinău, 2007, p. 265-266. 6. Negru A., Ioniţa O. Speciile de Tragopogon L. (Asteraceae) din fl ora Basarabiei.// Mediul Ambiant, Chişinău: 2009, 1 (43), p.1 – 5. 7. Negru A. Flora Basarabiei. V. 1. Chişinău, Editura „Universul”, 2011, p. 8. 8. Nyarady E. Flora Republicii Populare Române. v. 10, Bucureşti, Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Române, 1965, V. 10, p. 77-86. 9. Popescu A., Sanda V. Conspectul fl orei cormofi telor spontane din România / Lucrările Grădinii Botanice. Bucureşti, Editura Universităţii din Bucureşti, 1998, 336 p. 179 10. Richardson I. B. K Tragopogon L. In: Tutin T. G. et al. Flora Europea. Cambridge University Press, 1976, v. 4, p. 322 - 325. 11. Vladimirov V., Tsoneva S. Tragopogon fl occosus (Asteraceae: Cichorioideae) a recently discovered species in the Bulgarian fl ora. //Phytologia Balcanica, Sofi a: 2006, 12 (1), p. 67-70. 12. Борисова А. Род Tragopogon L. In: Флора СССР. Изд. АН СССР, 1964, т. 29, с 115 - 196. 13. Гейдеман Т.С. Определитель высших растений МССР. Кишинев, «Штиинца», 1986, c. 570-571. 14. Доброчаева Д., Котов М., Прокудин Ю. и др. Определитель высших растений Украины. Киев, «Фитосоциоцентр»,1999, c. 369-370. 15. Зеленецкий Н. Отчет о ботанических исследованиях Бессарабской Губернии. Одесса, Изд. Бессарабской Губернской Земской Управы, 1891. с. 44 – 45. 16. Коровина О. Методические указания к систематике растений. Ленинград, Изд. «ВИР», 1986, 210 с. 17. Липский В. Исследования о Флоре Бессарабии. Киев, 1894, с. 106 - 107. 18. Цвелев Н. Род Tragopogon L. In: Флора Европейской части СССР. Ленинград, Изд. «Наука», 1989, т. 8, c. 46-56.
NOTES ON SOME GENERA ASTRAGALUS L. (FABACEAE) SPECIES IN DNIESTER-PRIT RIVER REGION T. Izverscaia Botanical Garden (Institute) of ASM, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Summary. The article brings the list of the biggest genera in the Fabaceae Lindl family – Astragalus L., which embodies 17 species in the Dniester-Prut region. The dichotomic key for genera Astragalus, as well as brief ecological and habitat characters for each species are given.
Introduction The maintenance of fl oristical diversity nowadays is based on fundamental monographic studies and knowledge (in fundamental and practical aspect) on separate taxonomic groups. Genera Astragalus L. - ancient, heterogeneous, variable in morphology and ecological characteristics, takes tone of the central position in system of family Fabaceae Lindl. It plays a signifi cant role in vegetation cover and is an important component in structure of the grassland cover of the region. There are many fodder grass, melliferous, decorative and medicinal in the given genera. 180