Chinese Wildlife Factfiles 东北虎 亚洲黑熊
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Chinese Wildlife Factfiles Mammals Amur tiger Panthera tigris 东北虎 Distribution north east China border with Amur Habitat tropical rainforests; mixed forests Diet wild boar, deer and other small to medium sized mammals Breeding gestation 90-105 days litter size 1-6 lifespan 15-20 years Size length 140-280cm tail length 91-110cm weight 90-306kg IUCN Red List Status Endangered Main threats habitat loss; over-hunting for Traditional Chinese Medicine [3 subspecies of tigers come from China: the South China tiger, Indochinese tiger and the Amur tiger. The South China tiger is listed as Critically Endangered but is possibly extinct; the Indochinese and Amur are listed as Endangered.] Asian black bear Ursus thibetanus 亚洲黑熊 Distribution central, south and north-east China Habitat mixed forests, forest hills & mountains Diet variety of plant matter & small animals Breeding 1 gestation 210-240 days litter size 2 lifespan 25-30 years 1there can be delayed implantation Size length 116-175cm tail length 5-16cm weight 54-240kg IUCN Red List Status Vulnerable Main threats over-hunting for Traditional Chinese Medicines Asian Elephant Elephas maximus 亚洲象 Distribution south Yunnan Habitat mixed forests and grasslands Diet leaves and fruits Breeding gestation 615-668 days litter size 1 lifespan 65-70 years Size length 5.5-6.4m tail length 1.2-1.5m height male 3.2m female 2.5m weight male 4,160kg female 2,720kg IUCN Red List Status Endangered Main threats habitat loss; over-hunting for ivory tusks; persecution by farmers for raiding crops Asiatic golden cat Pardofelis temminckii 亚洲金猫 Distribution central and south east China Habitat mixed forests, tropical forests and grasslands Diet small mammals including small deer, birds and lizards Breeding gestation 85-95 days litter size 2-3 lifespan 12-15 years Size length 75-105cm tail length 40-56cm weight 9-16kg IUCN Red List Status Near Threatened Main threats habitat loss 2 Bactrian camel Camelus bactrianus 双峰驼 Distribution Taklamakan and Gobi deserts Habitat desert Diet desert plants and leaves of thorn trees Breeding gestation 400 days litter size 1-2 lifespan 30 years Size length 3.2-3.5m height 1.6-1.8m weight 450-680kg IUCN Red List Status Critically Endangered Main threats habitat loss; over-hunting; hybridisation with domestic camels Bharal sheep Pseudois schaeferi 岩羊 Distribution Jingshajiang Valley, Sichuan1 Habitat very steep rocky slopes between 2,700 and 3,200m Diet grasses, low shrubs, mosses and lichens Breeding gestation 160 days litter size 1 (rarely 2) lifespan 12-15 years Size length 109-160cm tail length 7-12cm height 50-80cm weight male 28-65kg female 17-40kg IUCN Red List Status Endangered Main threats over-hunting; climate change 1 The species of bharal - Pseudois nayaur is found on the Tibetan plateau extending into west Sichuan, south Gansu and northern Yunnan. Pseudois nayaur is listed as Least Concern. However the Sichuan bharal - Pseudois schaeferi is only found in a narrow area along the Jingshajiang Valley. 3 Chinese pangolin Manis pentadactyla 中华穿山甲 Distribution throughout south east China and Taiwan Habitat tropical and coniferous forests Diet ants and termites Breeding gestation 120-150 days litter size 1 lifespan 10-12 years Size length 42-92cm tail length 28-35cm weight 2.4-7kg IUCN Red List Status Endangered Main threats over-hunting for food and Traditional Chinese Medicine Giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca 大熊猫 Distribution Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi Habitat mountain bamboo forests Diet 99% of diet is bamboo but they will eat fruits and small mammals Breeding 1 gestation 82-225 days 2 litter size 1-2 lifespan 25-30 years Size length 120-150cm (although largest known species 180cm) tail length 12-15cm height 90cm weight 85-125kg IUCN Red List Status Vulnerable3 Main threats habitat loss 1 there can be delayed implantation 2 but when 2 cubs are born, the mother will only rear the stronger cub 3 re-classified on the IUCN scale to Vulnerable in 2016 4 Golden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana 金丝猴 Distribution western-central China Habitat mixed forests Diet leaves, bark, fruits and insects Breeding gestation 180-190 days litter size 1 lifespan 20-25 years Size length 52-78cm tail length 57-80cm weight male 15-17kg female 6.5-10kg IUCN Red List Status Endangered Main threats habitat loss; over-hunting for Traditional Chinese Medicine Large eared pika Ochotana macrotis 大耳鼠兔 Distribution Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang, Qinghai, Gansu, Xinjiang Habitat high rocky mountain ranges Diet grasses, leaves, twigs, mosses and lichens Breeding gestation 30 days litter size 2-3 lifespan 3 years Size length 15-20cm weight 142-190g IUCN Red List Status Least Concern Main threats no known threats 5 Pallas cat Otocolobus manul 兔狲 Distribution central, north and west China Habitat low mountains, hilly, rocky deserts Diet small rodents, birds, hares and voles Breeding gestation 65-70 days litter size 3-6 lifespan 8-10 years Size length 45-65cm tail length 21-35cm weight 2.3-4.5kg IUCN Red List Status Near Threatened Main threats habitat loss; over-hunting for fur Przewalski’s horse Equus ferus przewalskii 普氏野马 Distribution formerly north west China Habitat formerly semi-desert Diet grass Breeding gestation 330-360 days litter size 1 lifespan 20-25 years Size length 180-280cm tail length 38-60cm height 120-146cm weight 200-350kg IUCN Red List Status Not Evaluated - Extinct in China [It was in extinct in the wild but has been reintroduced to Mongolia.] Main threats spread of domestic forms and interbreeding 6 Red panda Ailurus fulgens 小熊猫 Distribution central and south west China Habitat mixed forests and bamboo forests Diet small vertebrates, eggs, berries and seeds Breeding gestation 120-150 days litter size 1-4 lifespan 10-12 years Size length 51-73cm tail length 37-48cm weight 2.5-5kg IUCN Red List Status Vulnerable Main threats habitat loss Sichuan takin Budorcas taxocolor 四川扭角羚 Distribution west Sichuan and south Gansu Habitat alpine mountains in summer; valleys and low forests in winter Diet grasses, leaves, bamboo shoots Breeding gestation 200-220 days litter size 1 lifespan 16-18 years Size length 170-220cm tail length 10-21cm weight 250-600kg IUCN Red List Status Endangered Main threats over-hunting; habitat loss 7 Snow leopard Panthera uncia 雪豹 Distribution Himalayan mountains and Tibetan plateau Habitat mountains Diet wild sheep, goats, pikas, hares and birds Breeding gestation 90-100 days litter size 2-3 lifespan 15-20 years Size length 110-130cm tail length 80-100cm weight male 45-55kg female 35-40kg IUCN Red List Status Endangered Main threats over-hunting for Traditional Chinese Medicine; persecution by farmers for killing livestock Sun bear Helarctos malayanus 马来熊 Distribution Sichuan, north west Yunnan and south east Xizang Habitat tropical rainforest Diet insects, small mammals, birds, fruits and honey Breeding gestation 95-96 days litter size 1-2 lifespan 25-30 years Size length 100-140cm tail length 3-7cm weight 25-65kg IUCN Red List Status Globally—Vulnerable; may be extinct in China Main threats habitat loss; over-hunting for Traditional Chinese Medicine 8 White handed gibbon Hylobates lar 白掌长臂猿 Distribution south west Yunnan Habitat tropical rainforest Diet mostly fruits, some insects Breeding gestation 210-240 years litter size 1 lifespan 25-30 years Size length 45-60cm weight 3.9-7kg IUCN Red List Status Endangered Main threats habitat loss Yangzte river dolphin Lipotes vexillifer 白暨豚 Distribution middle and lower reaches of the Yangzte Habitat fresh water Diet fish Breeding gestation 300 days litter size 1 lifespan 22-25 years Size length male 2.2m female 2.5m weight male 135-160kg female 240kg IUCN Red List Status Critically Endangered Main threats pollution 9 Birds Long eared owl Asio otus 长耳猫头鹰 Distribution east central China Habitat coniferous forest Diet small mammals and birds Breeding incubation 26-28 days eggs 5-7 lifespan 27 years Size height 35-38cm IUCN Red List Status Least Concern Main threats habitat loss [The long eared owl is not considered threatened globally as there is an abundant population across the world but in China there is just an isolated population.] Steller’s sea eagle Haliaeetus pelagicus 虎头海雕 Distribution north east China, border with Russia Habitat coastal cliffs, river and lakeside forests Diet fish, sea birds and small to medium sized mammals Breeding incubation 39-45 days eggs 1-3 lifespan 20 years Size length 85-94cm (wingspan 1.9-2.5m) weight male 6kg female 9kg IUCN Red List Status Vulnerable Main threats habitat loss; pollution 10 White naped crane Grus vipio 白枕鹤 Distribution wetlands around Yellow and Yangtze rivers Habitat wetlands, grassy marshes, meadows and reed beds Diet insects, frogs, seeds and roots Breeding incubation 30 days eggs 1-2 lifespan 30-40 years Size height 125cm IUCN Red List Status Vulnerable Main threats habitat loss; pollution Golden pheasant Chrysolophus pictus 红腹锦鸡 Distribution mountainous areas of western China Habitat subtropical broadleaf forests Diet leaves, berries, seeds and invertebrates Breeding incubation 22 days eggs 8-12 lifespan 15-20 years Size length male - 90-105cm female- 60-80cm (including tails) IUCN Red List Status Least Concern Main threats Although least concern, the population may be declining due to illegal pet trade and over hunting for food. 11 Reptiles Burmese python Python bivittatus 缅甸蟒 Distribution southern China Habitat mainly rainforests but can also be in grasslands Diet small to large mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians Breeding incubation 60 days eggs 35-50