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Compromis À La Belge'
KU LEUVEN FACULTEIT LETTEREN BLIJDE INKOMSTSTRAAT 21 BUS 3301 3000 LEUVEN, BELGIË Een Politiek Verleden in het Belgisch Parlement: 'Compromis à la Belge' Historische commissies en de moord op Patrice Lumumba en Julien Lahaut (1999-2015) Jelle Van Herck Masterproef aangeboden binnen de opleiding master in de Geschiedenis Promotor prof. dr. Kaat Wils Academiejaar 2015-2016 335.839 tekens Inhoudstafel: INLEIDING 4 1. Geschiedenis in de Hedendaagse Maatschappij 4 2. Geschiedenis en Politiek: Parlementaire Onderzoekscommissies 6 2.a. Historici en historische commissies 9 HOOFDSTUK I: ONDERZOEKSKADER 12 1. Historiografie van Historische Commissies 12 2. Onderzoek in Overheidsopdracht: Twee Modellen 16 2.1. Zwitserland: de commissie-Bergier 17 2.2. Nederland: de Srebrenica-commissie 19 3. Oproep aan de Overheid: Twee Voorbeelden 21 3.1. Spanje: de herinnering aan Franco 22 3.2. Verenigde Staten: Johnson Whittaker 24 HOOFDSTUK II: CASUS LUMUMBA EN LAHAUT 26 1. De Moord op Patrice Lumumba 26 2. De Moord op Julien Lahaut 31 3. Instelling van de Onderzoekscommissies 34 3.1. De aanleiding 35 3.2. Politieke besluitvorming 39 HOOFDSTUK III: HET EINDRAPPORT 42 1. Conclusies van het Onderzoek 42 1.1. Een morele verantwoordelijkheid 42 1.2. Een geheime oorlog 48 2. Debat rond de Conclusies 51 2.1. commissie-Lumumba 52 2.2. commissie-Lahaut 56 HOOFDSTUK IV: ANALYSE EN VERGELIJKING VAN DE COMMISSIES 58 1. Interne Verschillen: Lumumba vs. Lahaut 58 1.1. Mate van politieke steun 58 1.2. Mate van financiële steun 66 1.3. Toegang tot archieven 69 2. Externe Verschillen: Commissiewerk vs. 'Klassiek' Onderzoek 72 2.1. Geldigheid van het onderzoek 73 2.2. -
Souvenirs D'un Militant Liberal
1 SOUVENIRS D'UN MILITANT LIBERAL. 2 Coordonnées Nom: VAN UFFELEN Jacques Lieu et date de naissance: Tirlemont, 5 janvier 1929 Adresse: Avenue Christophe Plantin, 2 1340 Ottignies Profession: Traducteur - directeur retraité au Secrétariat général de l'Union économique Benelux et à la Cour de Justice Benelux. 3 Préface de Louis Michel. C'est avec beaucoup de plaisir et d'intérêt que je me suis plongé dans la lecture de l'ouvrage de Jacques Van Uffelen. Homme de plume, militant convaincu, libéral non conformiste, Jacques Van Uffelen a mis au service du libéralisme tout son talent, toute son intelligence, toute sa créativité pour défendre avec ardeur et chaleur dans les feuilles libérales les vertus du libéralisme. Il a mis son art au service du libéralisme pour convaincre l'opinion publique que le "parti libéral est foncièrement social, qu'il prône non pas la lutte des classes comme le socialisme, mais la solidarité des classes". Jacques Van Uffelen a retracé avec une rare précision l'évolution du libéralisme. Il rappelle que, même avant la création du parti libéral, les idées libérales étaient déjà largement diffusées car tous les Belges sont attachés aux libertés constitutionnelles. Jacques Van Uffelen nous fait revivre les grands courants de la pensée libérale, la rénovation du parti, les combats d'idées, les réflexions de grandes personnalités comme Maurice Allais, Salvador de Madariaga, Albert Devèze, Roger Motz, Paul Hymans, Omer Vanoudenhove, Jean Rey. Ces derniers et bien d'autres ont fait évoluer le libéralisme, du libéralisme manchestérien ou laissez-fairisme au néo- libéralisme ou libéralisme humaniste. Ces hommes ont eu le mérite de clarifier la position des libéraux par rapport à la notion d'Etat qui garantit les bienfaits de la liberté. -
2009 Annual Report
2009 Annual Report European Liberal Forum 2009 Annual Report © Copyright 2010 European Liberal Forum asbl. AAllll rrightsights rreserved.eserved. ContentContent iiss ssubjectubject toto copyright.copyright. AnyAny useuse andand re-usere-use requiresrequires approval.approval. TThishis ppublicationublication wwasas fundedfunded byby tthehe EEuropeanuropean PParliament.arliament. TheThe EuropeanEuropean ParliamentParliament isis notnot responsibleresponsible fforor tthehe ccontent.ontent. TheThe vviewsiews eexpressedxpressed iinn tthishis ppublicationublication areare thosethose ofof thethe authorsauthors alone.alone. TheyThey dodo notnot nnecessarilyecessarily rreflefl eectct thethe vviewsiews ooff tthehe EuropeanEuropean LiberalLiberal Forum.Forum. 22009009 AAnnualnnual RReporteport Welcome 05 Contents Welcome 0077 LLetteretter fromfrom tthehe PresidentPresident 0088 FForewordoreword bbyy tthehe EExecutivexecutive DDirectorirector About us 1111 IIntrontro 1133 MMemberember organisationsorganisations 1144 BBoardoard ooff DDirectorsirectors 1155 TThehe EEuropeanuropean LLiberaliberal ForumForum (ELF)(ELF) secretariatsecretariat Selection of events 1177 IIntrontro 1199 GGlobalisationlobalisation afterafter thethe CreditCredit CrunchCrunch 2222 SSpringpring AAcademiescademies 2009:2009: EEuropeurope inin PracticePractice 2244 TThehe IInflnfl uuenceence ooff EEuropeanuropean PPolicyolicy oonn tthehe LLocalocal LevelLevel 2266 MMigrationigration – EEurope’surope’s ChallengeChallenge 2288 TThehe EEurouro aass aann IInstrumentnstrument ofof StabilityStability -
European Defence Economy Affected by the Crisis Europe.Visions 7
EEuurrooppee..VViissiioonnss 77 ______________________________________________________________________ European Defence Economy Affected by the Crisis ______________________________________________________________________ Olivier Jehin November 2010 . Ifri-Bruxelles The Institut français des relations internationals (Ifri) is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non- governmental and a non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. Using an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debate and research activities. With offices in Paris and Brussels, Ifri stands out as one of the rare French think tanks to have positioned itself at the very heart of European debate. The opinions expressed in this text are the responsibility of the author alone. ISBN: 978-2-86592-793-7 © All rights reserved, Ifri, 2010 IFRI IFRI-BRUXELLES 27, RUE DE LA PROCESSION RUE MARIE-THERESE, 21 75740 PARIS CEDEX 15 – FRANCE 1000 – BRUXELLES – BELGIQUE Tel: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 Tel: +32 (0)2 238 51 10 Fax: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 Fax: +32 (0)2 238 51 15 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] WEBSITE: Ifri.org Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 2 LACKLUSTRE -
Belgian Polities in 1985 « No T Urning Back » *
Belgian Polities in 1985 « No T urning Back » * by Jozef SMITS, Licentiate in Polltical Science. * Belgian politica! life in 1985 was completely dominated by the parliamentary elections, for the Christian-Democrat and Liberal coalition under the leadership of Wilfried Martens (CVP) was in its last year. The Martens V government almost succeeded in completing the parliamentary term as it bas intended. They Heysel drama caused an unexpected rupture in the cabinet, so elections were set for October, while normally they would have been held in December. The electoral battle was completely dominated by the three major politica! families : on the one side, the Christian Democrats and the Liberals, who defended the recovery policy of the previous four years based on a transfer of financial resources from individuals to businesses ; on the other side were the Socialists, who stressed the negative effects of the « income cutback » policy. The polarization of the electoral campaign was symbolized the most clearly by the campaign of the largest majority party. With the slogan Geen Ommekeer (No Turning Back) and with outgoing Premier Martens as the figurehead, the CVP tried to com municate to the electorate that there was no alternative to the unpopular socio-economie recovery policy and that this policy had to be continued in order to solve the country's problems definitively. Against expectations and to its own astonishment, the majority emerged strengthened from the ballot box. Consequently, nothing stood in the way of a new edition of Martens V, and on 28 November, the new Christian-Democrat/Liberal government was formed. Wilfried Martens again had the leadership of • A part of the information given in this article is taken from the article written by M. -
The Impact of the Financial Crisis on European Solidarity
FUTURE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION: THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL CRISIS ON EUROPEAN SOLIDARITY A conference organised by the European Liberal Forum asbl (ELF) with the support of the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom (Germany), the Centre for Liberal Studies (Czech Republic). With the special support of the Association for International Affairs (Czech Republic). Funded by the European Parliament. Official media coverage by EurActiv.cz. Prague, 6 September 2012 Venue: Kaiserstein Palace, Malostranské náměstí 23/37, 110 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic Contents Synopsis ...................................................................3 Panel #1 ...................................................................4 Panel #2 ...................................................................5 Panel #3 ...................................................................6 Programme .................................................................7 Speakers ...................................................................9 Team ......................................................................14 European Liberal Forum .......................................................15 Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom .......................................17 Association for International Affairs ...............................................18 Logos of organizers and partners . .19 2 Synopsis Although the ongoing crisis in the EU is primarily depicted by the media as an economic one (the “Greek Crisis” or, more precisely, the “Sovereign Debt Crisis”), -
Download All with Our Work on a Daily Basis, All Year Round
EUROPEAN LIBERAL FORUM ANNUAL REPORT 2016 WELCOME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 EUROPEAN LIBERAL FORUM COPYRIGHT 2017 EUROPEAN LIBERAL© FORUM ASBL. All rights reserved. Content is subject to copyright. Any use and re-use requires approval. This publication was co-funded by the European Parliament. The European Parliament is not responsible for the content of this publication, or for any use that may be made of it. WELCOME CONTENTS THE ELF ANNUAL REPORT 2016 WELCOME 02 Letter From the President 04 Foreword by the Executive Director 05 GET TO KNOW US 06 Our Brochures | Connect With Us 07 Where Did You Meet Us in 2016? 08 OUR FOCUS 09 SECURITY EU Defence and Security Policies – Making Europe Safer for Citizens 10 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Europe’s Energy Future 12 MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION Liberal Answers to Challenges on Sea Liberal Answers to Challenges on Land Integration Through Education 14 EUROPEAN VALUES Ralf Dahrendorf Roundtable: Talk for Europe 16 DIGITALISATION Digital Security Duet: Making European Cyber Defences More Resilient Through Public-Private Partnerships 18 List of all projects 20 List of Ralf Dahrendorf Roundtables 2016 21 Photos 22 ABOUT US 31 Member Organisations 32 List of all Member Organisations 70 The Board of Directors 72 The Secretariat 75 Imprint 77 3 EUROPEAN LIBERAL FORUM / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 WELCOME WELCOME LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT DR JÜRGEN MARTENS The unpredictable and sud- stitutions and for a way to move den political changes that 2016 forward. brought caught all of us in Eu- rope off guard. Brexit, the elec- At ELF, we seek to inspire and tion of Donald Trump as President support these developments. -
Overview Member Organisations – EUROPEAN LIBERAL FORUM
Overview Member Organisations – EUROPEAN LIBERAL FORUM Brussels, 26.01.2018 MEMBER COUNTRY TYPE OF TYPE OF MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION Academy of Liberalism Estonia Think tank Full membership Sweden Think tank Full membership Bertil Ohlin Institute Bosnia and Foundation Affiliate membership Boris Divković Herzegovina Foundation Centre for Liberal Czech Republic Think tank Full membership Studies Centre for Liberty Lithuania Think tank Full membership Studies Centre Jean Gol Belgium Think tank Full membership Centre Party Sweden Party foundation Full membership International Foundation (CPIF) E2 Think tank Finland Think tank Full membership European Liberal Youth Belgium Youth organization Full membership (LYMEC) Fondazione Critica Italy Foundation Full membership Liberale For Freedom Foundation Hungary Affiliate Member Affiliate membership FORES Sweden Foundation Full membership Foundation Project: Poland Foundation Full membership Polska Forum for Latvia’s Latvia NGO Affiliate membership Future Freedom Research Turkey Research Organisation Affiliate membership Association / Özgürlük Araştırmaları Derneği Friedrich Naumann Germany National organisation Full membership Foundation for Freedom (FNF) Fundaciò Catalanista I Spain Foundation Full membership Demòcrata Fundacja Industrial Poland Foundation Full membership Haya van Netherlands Foundation Full membership Somerenstichting / VVD Int’l Institute for Politics and Czech Republic Institute Full membership Society Institute for Liberal Romania Association Full membership Studies -
Les Cahiers De La Mémoire Contemporaine, 13 | 2018 [En Ligne], Mis En Ligne Le 05 Novembre 2019, Consulté Le 24 Septembre 2020
Les Cahiers de la Mémoire Contemporaine 13 | 2018 Varia Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/cmc/277 DOI : 10.4000/cmc.277 ISSN : 2684-3080 Éditeur Fondation de la Mémoire Contemporaine Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 octobre 2018 ISSN : 1377-1256 Référence électronique Les Cahiers de la Mémoire Contemporaine, 13 | 2018 [En ligne], mis en ligne le 05 novembre 2019, consulté le 24 septembre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/cmc/277 ; DOI : https://doi.org/ 10.4000/cmc.277 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 24 septembre 2020. Les Cahiers de la mémoire contemporaine 1 SOMMAIRE Avant-propos Albert Mingelgrün Voorwoord Albert Mingelgrün Sociabilité juive et musique en Belgique (1830-1930) Michèle Fornhoff-Levitt In the Port City We Meet? Jewish Migration and Jewish Life in Antwerp During the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries Veerle Vanden Daelen The “Belgian” Jewish Experience of World War One Janiv Stamberger Réfugiés juifs d’Allemagne nazie en Belgique (1938-1944). Une esquisse Insa Meinen La communauté juive organisée face à l’engagement pro-palestinien (1973-1982) Catherine Massange et Jean-Philippe Schreiber Surviving Hitler. An Antwerp Jew’s Compelling Testimony Jeffrey Kleiman Notes de lecture Parcours d’enfants cachés Albert Mingelgrün La langue du IIIe Reich Jacques Déom En Jeu. Histoire & mémoires vivantes Sophie Milquet Les Cahiers de la Mémoire Contemporaine, 13 | 2018 2 Avant-propos Albert Mingelgrün 1 Les treizièmes Cahiers que publie la Fondation de la Mémoire contemporaine montrent une nouvelle fois qu’elle entend continuer à faire connaître la variété des aspects de l’existence juive en Belgique au fil de ses évolutions. -
Het Beleid, Het Profiel En De Loopbaan Van De Ministers Die Financiën Bestuurden Tijdens De Periode September 1944 Tot 2011
Federale Overheidsdienst Financiën - België Documentatieblad 71e jaargang, nr. 4, 4e kwartaal 2011 Het beleid, het profiel en de loopbaan van de ministers die Financiën bestuurden tijdens de periode september 1944 tot 2011 Aloïs VAN DE VOORDE (*) Eresecretaris-generaal van het Ministerie van Financiën AA B BS T S R TA CR T A C T This study is a survey concerned with the twenty Belgian Ministers of Finance since the liberation in September 1944 till the end of 2011. After a introduction it opens with Camille Gutt, who was Finance Minis- ter in the postwar Pierlot government, and closes with Didier Reynders. Attention is paid to the policies the ministers involved adopted, to their impor- tance and profile (social and educational background, including their occupa- tion), as well as their political and professional careers and th functions they carried out after their term of office. The most problematic events and issues they had to face during their term of office are particularly highlighted. The survey ends with a summary of the major facts and some concluding remarks, among others the profile of these former ministers, duration and stability of their term of office, the impact of the most influential collaborators, the turning points and evolution of Belgian finance during the 1944-2011 period. Keywords: period 1944-2011, policies and profile Belgian Finance Ministers, turning-points and evolution of Belgian public finances JEL Classifiication Code: H83, N44 (*) L’auteur remercie Reginald Savage et Christian Valenduc pour leurs remarques et leurs suggestions 29 Documentatieblad 71e jaargang, nr. 4, 4e kwartaal 2011 30 Documentatieblad 71e jaargang, nr. -
SEPARATION of CHURCH and STATE in EUROPE Ethnical, Religious and Cultural Backgrounds
During the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the separation of state and church was an issue of great importance for liberal politicians and SEPARATION OF CHURCH parties in European politics. Liberals all over Europe tried to encourage the separation of religious institutions and the state. After the Second World War AND STATE IN EUROPE this issue seemed to become more and more irrelevant, as the separation was more or less achieved in some countries, or the existing ties did not lead WITH VIEWS ON SWEDEN, NORWAY, THE NETHERLANDS, to major troubles or inequalities. Recently the matter has become relevant BELGIUM, FRANCE, SPAIN, ITALY, SLOVENIA AND GREECE again, because of questions raised by integration of immigrants with different IN EUROPE AND STATE OF CHURCH SEPARATION ethnical, religious and cultural backgrounds. The separation of church and state developed, due to historical, cultural, social and political reasons, in very different ways in each of the Fleur de Beaufort - Ingemund Hägg - Patrick van Schie (eds.) member states of the European Union. The European Liberal Forum – a network of European liberal think tanks in connection with the European Liberal Party (ELDR) – organised several seminars on the topic of secularism. During these discussions the variety of developments in the relation between state and church showed, and so came the idea to publish a book on this matter. The purpose of the book is to provide evidence and ideas that could be used in the different countries in Europe for reforms clarifying the roles of religious organisations in relation to the state. This is of the utmost importance now that Europe is becoming more multireligious, multi-ethnic and multicultural. -
1 Stefan Huygebaert, Ugent I. Introduction the Figure of Justitia Or
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ghent University Academic Bibliography Peer reviewed & accepted book chapter manuscript, intended for: S. Vandenbogaerde et al. (eds.), (Wo)men in Legal History, Lille, 2016. JUSTICE: MAN-JUDGE OR EARTHLY MOTHER? FEMININITY OF JUSTICE AND HER SISTERS OF VIRTUE IN BELGIAN FIN DE SIÈCLE LEGAL ICONOGRAPHY1 Stefan Huygebaert, UGent I. Introduction The figure of Justitia or Justice might very well be one of the most widely known personifications in the Western world. However, personifications of this kind are only as ‘known’ or ‘readable’ as their attributes. By definition, a personification consists of a human figure holding (or handling) attributes, that are in themselves workaday objects taken out of their normal context.2 In the case of Justice, her main attributes (sword and scale) have become symbols in themselves, used by law faculties, law firms, judicial institutions, legal departments… and conference posters. Her blindfold has been subject to a vast amount of iconographic studies.3 However, in some cases, the physical appearance of the human figure in a personification adds a layer of meaning to the abstract notion that is personified.4 The fact that most representations of Justice personify her as a woman – Lady Justice – is seldom perceived as an integral part of her iconographic message.5 When bearing in mind her genesis, this seems to be a reasonable omission at first. The female Latin inflection of the virtues, including the four cardinal virtues of which Justice is part, constitutes the historic reason behind the female appearance of these personifications.