Final Report
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LUXEMBOURG AND GREATER REGION, EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE 2007 FINAL REPORT 51023434908220187416308128924940406941630812894908220187416323434404069416308128949090822404069416308128949089490 12892494040694163234344040694163081289490908163081289489490908224040894909082240406941630812894909249404069416308 87411289908220187416308128924163081289490822018741632343440422404089490908208128949092494040694108128949092494040 69419416323434404069416349090822404089490908224040694163081289490924940406874163234344042240408949016308128949238 41632343440406982201874163081289249404069416308128949090822404069416308128949092496323434404224040894901630812894 92069416308128949090816308128948949090822404089490908224040694163081289490924940451023434908220187416308128924940 20694163082494040694163081289490822018741632343440406941630812894909308128924940406941630812894909082240406941630 31289490924963234310234349082201874163081289249402069416308249404069416308128949082201874163234344040694163081289 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INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE ECOC 4 2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 7 3. ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT 10 4. CULTURAL PROGRAMME 16 5. AUDIENCE PROFILES 31 6. CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 45 7. CULTURAL PARTICIPATION 48 8. MARKETING AND COMMUNICATIONS 53 9. TOURISM EFFECTS 66 10. ECONOMIC EFFECTS 73 11. SOCIAL EFFECTS 79 12. REGIONAL COLLABORATION 82 13. COLLABORATION WITH SIBIU ECOC 2007 88 14. SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES 91 HOW DID LUXEMBOURG 2007 COMPARE 15. WITH PREVIOUS ECOCS? 95 THE MANY FACES OF 2007: SOME CONCLUSIONS 16. BY THE GENERAL COORDINATION 99 17. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 104 18. APPENDICES A. REFERENCES 113 B. STUDY METHODOLOGY 114 C. LIST OF PROJECTS IN THE PROGRAMME OF LUXEMBOURG AND Greater Region, EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE 2007 116 Luxembourg and Greater Region, European Capital of Culture 2007 : Final Report | 5 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO 1. THE ECOC Flashback. 1985. Mélina Mercouri, then Greek Culture Minister, launches the idea of a ‘European City of Culture ‘ to ‘highlight the wealth, the variety and the common characteristics of European cultures and contribute to the unification of the European peoples’. This initiative was adopted on June 13th 1985 by the Council of Ministers of the European Union (EU). The concept of the European Capitals of Culture has evolved over the history of the event, adapting to the new European and global realities. This project not only contributed to the European ideal, but also to the urban development of Europe. The European Capitals of Culture can initiate long term policies for the host cities and their regions, in order to meet a variety of human, cultural, social, economic, political and touristic challenges. The concept of European Capital of Culture (ECOC) rests on two principles: ‘Europe is a centre of artistic and cultural development of exceptional wealth and variety; and the urban phenomenon, which played a major role in the formation and dissemination of the cultures of our continent’. The ECOC also has to meet two requirements: developing a high quality artistic programme and advancing the cultural creation of the cities with unu- sual and innovative projects. Following a recent review of the ECOC programme, the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers put new nomination procedures in place for the period 2007-2019 and opened the programme to non-members of the EU. 2007 is therefore the first year in which this new system has operated, but for Luxembourg