52245-001: Hubei Xiangyang Elderly Care Service Development Project

Home , Baokang County, Danjiangkou, Fancheng District, Fang County, Hubei, Laohekou

Initial Environmental Examination (Draft)

July 2020

People’s Republic of China: Hubei Xiangyang Elderly Care Service Development Project

Prepared by Xiangyang Municipal Government for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 22 June 2020)

Currency unit – yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.1414 $1.00 = CNY7.0710

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank BOD5 - 5-day biochemical oxygen demand COD - chemical oxygen demand COVID-19 - corona virus disease 19 CNY - Chinese yuan CSF - construction supervision firm EC - elderly care EEM - external environment monitor EEB - ecology and environment bureau EHS - environment, health, and safety EIA - environmental impact assessment EMP - environmental management plan EMS - environmental monitoring station FSR - feasibility study report FYP - five-year plan GHG - greenhouse gas GRM - grievance redress mechanism HC - health care HJGT - Hanjiang State-Owned Capital Investment Group Co., Ltd. HPDRC - Hubei Provincial Development and Reform Commission HPG - Hubei Provincial Government HPMO - HJGT project management office HUAS - Hubei University of Arts and Science IA - implementing agency IEE - initial environmental examination LDI - local design institute LIEC - loan implementation environmental consultant LAeq - equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level NDRC - National Development and Reform Commission MEE - Ministry of Ecology and Environment O&M - operation and maintenance PCC - public complaint center PM - particulate matter PRC - People’s Republic of China PPP - public–private partnership SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement SS - suspended solids TEIA - tabular environmental impact assessment TRTA - transaction technical assistance TSP - total suspended particulate VOC - volatile organic compound WBG - World Bank Group WHO - World Health Organization WWTP - wastewater treatment plant XCAB - Xiangyang Civil Affairs Bureau i

XMG - Xiangyang Municipal Government XPMO - Xiangyang project management office XPMO-EO - environmental officer

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

oC - degree centigrade dB - decibel kg/d - kilogram per day km - kilometer km2 - square kilometer kW - kilowatt m - meter mu - 1/15 hectare m2 - square meter m3 - cubic meter m3/a - cubic meter per annum m3/d - cubic meter per day mg/l - milligram per liter mg/m3 - milligram per cubic meter t - metric ton t/a - ton per annum t/d - ton per day time/h - time per hour

NOTES

In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 A. Background 1 B. Project Design 1 C. Baseline Environment 4 D. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 5 E. Information Disclosure, Consultations and Participation 7 F. Grievance Redress Mechanism 7 G. Key Environmental Management Plan Implementation Responsibilities 7 H. Conclusion 8 II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRTIVE FRAMEWORK AND STANDARDS 9 A. Policy Framework and Planning Context 9 B. Legislative Framework for Environment Impact Assessment in the People’s Republic of China 10 EIA = environmental impact assessment. 12 C. International Agreements 12 D. Applicable Asian Development Bank and the People's Republic of China Policies and Assessment Categories 13 E. Evaluation Standards for Proposed Subprojects 13 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 21 A. Rationale 21 B. Impact and Outcome 23 D. Design of Engineering Components 25 E. Associated and/or Existing Facilities 37 F. Implementation Arrangement 38 G. Overall Project Implementation Plan 39 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 43 A. Physical Setting 43 B. Socioeconomic Conditions 43 C. Ecological Resources 44 D. Environmental Quality Baseline 49 E. Physical Cultural Resources 54 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 56 A. Project Area of Influence and Sensitive Receptors 56 B. Anticipated Project Benefits and Positive Impacts 57 C. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Design and Pre-Construction Phase 57 D. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase 59 E. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase 66 VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 75 A. No Project Alternative 75 B. Alternatives Considered 75 VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 77 A. Legislative Framework for Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 77 B. Information Disclosure to Date 78 C. Public Consultation to Date 79 D. Future Information Disclosure and Public Consultation 82 VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 84 IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 87 X. CONCLUSION 87 APPENDIX 1-ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 88 A. Objectives 88 B. Environmental Management Plan Implementation Arrangement 88 C. Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures 91 D. Environmental Inspection and Monitoring 104 E. Environmental Reporting 107 F. Institutional Strengthening and Training 108 G. Consultation, Participation, and Information Disclosure 109 H. Environmental Management Plan Cost Estimates 110 I. Grievance Redress Mechanism 111 J. Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment 113

LIST OF TABLES

Table I-1: Summary of Engineering Subprojects ...... 3 Table II-1: Applicable Environmental Laws and Regulations of ...... 11 Table II-2: Applicable Technical Guidelines for Environment ...... 11 Table II-3: Comparison of the People's Republic of China's GB 3095-2012 and World Bank Group Environment, Health, and Safety Ambient Air Quality Standards ...... 14 Table II-4: Surface Water Ambient Quality Standard ...... 15 Table II-5: Environmental Quality Standards for Noise ...... 16 Table II-6: Applicable Ambient Acoustic Environment Standard ...... 16 Table II-7: Atmospheric Pollutant Discharge Requirement for Wastewater Treatment Station of Medical Institutions...... 17 Table II-8: Indoor Air Quality Standard (GB/T 18883-2002) ...... 17 Table II-9: Integrated Wastewater Discharge ...... 18 Table II-10: Water Pollutant Emission Standards for Medical Institutions ...... 19 Table II-11: Site Noise Limits ...... 19 Table II-12: Vibration Standard Value for Various Urban Areas ...... 20 Table II-13: Standards for Sludge Control in Medical Institutions ...... 20 Table III-1: Summary of Engineering Subprojects ...... 25 Table III-2: Key Design Indicators of Zhumeng Hengzhuang Community Plot ...... 27 Table III-3: Key Design Indicators of Plot at North to No.4 Middle School (EC2) ...... 28 Table III-4: Key Design Indicators of Plot at West to the Xingguang Avenue and North to the Xiangyang Road (EC6) ...... 32 Table III-5: Key Design Indicators of Plot at Southeast to Dongjin New Town Hospital (EC7+HC2) ...... 34 Table III-6: Key Design Indicators of South Jianshe Road EC ...... 35 Table III-7: Due Diligence of Wastewater Receiving Facilities ...... 37 Table III-8: Implementation Plan ...... 40 Table IV-1: Current Land Use and Surrounding Environment of Each Subproject ...... 45 Table IV-2: Air Quality of Xiangyang Urban Area (2018) ...... 49 Table IV-3: Air Quality Monitoring Results of Zhumeng Hengzhuang Community and Dongjin New District Plots ...... 50 Table IV-4: Acoustic Environment Monitoring Results ...... 53 Table V-1: Identified Sensitive Receptors ...... 56 Table V-2: Number of Construction Workers and Construction Periods ...... 59

Table V-3: List of Major Equipment Noise Strength during Construction Period ...... 61 Table V-4: List of Transport Vehicle Noise Source Strength ...... 61 Table V-5: Construction Noise Impact Prediction Results ...... 61 Table V-6: Estimation of Solid Waste Generation during Construction ...... 63 Table V-7: Wastewater Generation and Treatment of each Subproject during Operation ... 67 Table V-8: Estimation of Fume Emissions ...... 67 Table V-9: Estimation of Exhaust Gas Emissions from Underground Garage ...... 68 Table V-10: Predicted Pollutant Diffusion Results of HC1 ...... 69 Table V-11: Predicted Pollutant Diffusion Results of HC2 ...... 69 Table V-12: Noise Level and Mitigation Measures ...... 71 Table V-13: Predicted Noise Level at Site Boundary during Operation ...... 71 Table V-14: Solid Waste Generation of each Subproject during Operation ...... 72 Table VI-1: Comparison of Options for Plot at West to the Xingguang Avenue and North to the Xiangyang Road (EC6) ...... 76 Table VII-1: Respondents of Questionnaire Survey ...... 79 Table VII-2: Results of Questionnaire Survey ...... 81 Table VII-3: Public Consultation Plan ...... 83

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure III-1: Location of Engineering Subprojects ...... 26 Figure III-2: Design of Zhumeng Hengzhuang Plot ...... 26 Figure III-3: Layout of Zhumeng Hengzhuang Community Plot ...... 27 Figure III-4: Design of North to No.4 Middle School Plot ...... 28 Figure III-5: Layout of North to No.4 Middle School Plot (EC2) ...... 28 Figure III-6: Design of Xiangyang Municipal Grain Bureau Plot ...... 29 Figure III-7: Layout of Xiangyang Municipal Grain Bureau Plot (First Floor) ...... 29 Figure III-8:Current Status of the Plot at Public Rental Housing Community in the High-tech Shenzhen Industrial Park ...... 30 Figure III-9: Layout of the Plot at Public Rental Housing Community in the High-tech Shenzhen Industrial Park ...... 31 Figure III-10: Design of Plot at West to the Xingguang Avenue and North to the Xiangyang Road (EC6) ...... 32 Figure III-11: Layout of Plot at West to the Xingguang Avenue and North to the Xiangyang Road (EC6) ...... 32 Figure III-12: Design of Plot at Southeast to Dongjin New Town Hospital (EC7+HC2) ...... 33 Figure III-13: Layout of Plot at Southeast to Dongjin New Town Hospital (EC7+HC2) ...... 34 Figure III-14: Design of South of Jianshe Road Plot (EC8) ...... 35 Figure III-15: Layout of South of Jianshe Road Plot (EC8) ...... 35 Figure III-16: Design of Training Center ...... 36 Figure III-17: Layout of Training Center ...... 37 Figure III-18: Location Map of the Medical Waste Treatment Facility ...... 38 Figure IV-1: Land Coverage of Hubei Province ...... 44 Figure IV-2: Air Quality Monitoring Locations-Dongjin New District Plot (EC7+HC2) ...... 50 Figure IV-3: Air Quality Monitoring Locations-Zhumeng Hengzhuang Community Plot (EC1+HC1) ...... 50 Figure IV-4: Acoustic Environment Monitoring Locations ...... 52 Figure IV-5: Scope of the Xiangyang Historic City Conservation ...... 55 Figure V-1: Map of Designated Construction Disposal Site of Xiangyang Urban Area...... 64 Figure VI-1: Comparison of Layout for Plot at West to the Xingguang Avenue and North to the Xiangyang Road (EC6) ...... 75 Figure VII-1: First Round Information Disclosure via IA’s Website ...... 78 Figure VII-2: Second Round Information Disclosure via IA’s Website ...... 79 Figure VII-3: Questionnaire Survey Coverage ...... 80

Figure VIII-1: Environmental Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 86 Figure EMP-1: Environmental Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 113

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A. Background

1. This initial environmental examination (IEE), including an environmental management plan (EMP), is prepared for the proposed Hubei Xiangyang Elderly Care Service Development Project (hereafter referred to as the project) in Hubei Province of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The project is classified as environment Category B since the construction and/or renovation of eight elderly care (EC) facilities, two secondary level hospitals (health care facilities [HC]) focusing on geriatric and rehabilitation and one training center will have potential adverse environmental impacts. The project IEE is prepared in accordance with the requirements of Asian Development Bank’s (ADB’s) Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS 2009) on the basis of the domestic tabular environmental impact assessment (TEIA) prepared by Zhongnan Safety and Environmental Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. Feasibility study report (FSR), as well as results of site investigations and discussions with various stakeholder.

B. Project Design

2. The project is aligned with the following impact: welfare of the aging society in Xiangyang improved. The project will have the following outcome: utilization of coordinated elderly care services in Xiangyang Municipality increased. Xiangyang Municipal Government (XMG) is the executing agency. Hanjiang State-Owned Capital Investment Group Co., Ltd. (HJGT) is the implementing agency. The outputs of the proposed project are as follows:

3. Output 1: Institutional scheme and capacity in provision of elderly care services developed. Based on international standards and domestic good practice, the output will (i) develop and implement an institutional scheme for proper elderly care service provision, including (a) care service standards, (b) care needs and eligibility assessment scheme,1 (c) staffing standards, and (d) operational risk management scheme including safety and infection control; (ii) help prepare proper designs of elderly care facilities, based on the concept of age-friendly design, as well as the functionality of the elderly care facilities; (iii) build six elderly care facilities based on the proper designs with gender-sensitive facility use;2 (iv) help develop a sustainable operation plan; (v) train staff, such as caregivers and managers, of the elderly care facilities; and (vi) support the operation of elderly care facilities by piloting the above-mentioned institutional scheme which will cover the three tiers of elderly care services, i.e., institutional care, community-based day care, and home-based care.3 This output will directly benefit women by providing opportunity on improving their skills and enhancing their career development in elderly care fields. The availability of improved care services will also alleviate the burdens of female unpaid family caregiving responsibilities, which would further expand their opportunities for formal employment.

4. Output 2: Public–private partnership subproject for elderly care service provision developed. To enhance the private sector’s involvement in the elderly care service provision in Xiangyang, this output will help build and operate up to two elderly care facilities, and plan to structure the project’s implementation under a PPP framework. To bring technical efficiency of the private sector, the PPP framework will define certain implementation arrangements for the design, construction, maintenance, and operation of the elderly care facilities. It will also define a risk allocation between the public and private sectors based on widely accepted PPP norms and principles for bankability and sustainability in PPP

1 The eligibility assessment scheme is to consider the social and family conditions of an elderly person. For instance, it will consider if any family support is available or if an elderly has a high risk of being frail. 2 Gender-sensitive facility use provides separate rooms for women and men. 3 Depending on local needs, in addition to the institutional care, some of those elderly care facilities will also provide community-based day care and home-based care. 2 implementation.

5. Output 3: Capacity in provision of geriatric acute care and rehabilitation strengthened. The output will help (i) prepare (a) a functional plan for two hospitals focusing on geriatric acute care and rehabilitation to respond to the needs of elderly patients, as well as the resiliency to hospital-acquired infections; (b) a plan of staffing and human resource development for the two hospitals, including staff training programs, focusing on geriatric acute care and rehabilitation for doctors, nurses, and therapists; and (c) a coordination scheme between two hospitals and elderly care facilities; (ii) construct two hospitals with strengthened capacity of geriatric and rehabilitation sections based on the above-prepared functional plan; and (iii) help operationalize those hospitals by piloting the above-prepared coordination scheme with the elderly care facilities.

6. Output 4: Support services and capacity for elderly care services strengthened. The output will help strengthen the capacity of human resources through (a) developing a training program in caregiving and elderly care facility operation, and a course on elderly care business; and (b) building a training facility in the Technology Institute of Hubei University of Arts and Science in Xiangyang Municipality.4 The training programs target existing caregivers and operators to improve their knowledge and skills in care for activities of daily living, dementia care, basic rehabilitation, and elderly care facility operation. It will also target staff who will work for the elderly care facilities created under the project. Further, the training programs will also be opened to family caregivers and volunteers who are interested in elderly care and the issue of population aging. The elderly care business course will be a formal educational course targeting new students and entrepreneurs. The output will further develop an elderly care information and communication technology platform to promote the efficient management of care administration and support the exchange of information among elderly people, their families, and care service providers. It will provide a business support system for elderly care service provision, including a service delivery management system as well as care service planning support.

7. Output 5: Policy and management capacity in elderly care system strengthened. The output will (i) prepare (a) a policy recommendation on establishing an elderly care system in Xiangyang Municipality based on the institutional scheme to be developed and implemented under output 1 and the coordination scheme to be prepared under output 3,5 and (b) a strategic development plan of Xiangyang's elderly care sector; (ii) strengthen the relevant bureaus' and agencies' knowledge in elderly care services and management capacity of elderly care service provision; (iii) disseminate a model of infection preparedness and response in elderly care facilities and hospitals; and (iv) support the executing and implementing agencies in managing the project. Further, through its Office of Public–Private Partnership, ADB will assist the XMG in structuring and implementing the development, financing, and tendering of the PPP subproject.

8. The basic information of each engineering subprojects is summarized in Table I-1.

4 The facility will be designed to meet the practical needs of training on caregiving and management, which will be the base for the Technology Institute of Hubei University of Arts and Science to further expand its capacity in elderly care training and education. 5 The policy recommendation will cover issues of a financial framework for elderly care services and a quality management framework, including monitoring of elderly care operations. It will also cover the coordination of primary health with elderly care and tiers of health care. It will be prepared with collaboration with Xiangyang Civil Affairs Bureau to be aligned with the municipal plan of elderly care system policy development. 3

Table I-1: Summary of Engineering Subprojects Subproject Floor Area Number Name District Plot (m2) of beds Target elderly EC1+HC1 Fancheng Plot F of Zhumeng 35,013.22 EC: 194 EC: 50% fully Hengzhuang HC: 150 disabled; community (hereafter 30% semi Zhumeng disabled; Hengzhuang 15% dementia; community plot) 5% independent over 85 years; HC: level-2 hospital focused on geriatric and rehabilitation EC2 Xiangcheng North to the No.4 12,339.67 238 50% fully disabled; middle school 30% semi disabled; 15% dementia; 5% independent over 85 years EC3 Xiangcheng Grain Bureau of 2,481.27 65 50% fully disabled; Xiangyang City 50% semi disabled EC4+EC5 High tech Public rental housing 2,073.2 72 65% semi Zone community in the disabled, including High-tech Shenzhen dementia elderly; Industrial Park 35% independent who need day care and/or short care EC6 Xiangcheng West to the Xingguang 11,054.99 224 50% fully disabled; Avenue and North to 30% semi the Xiangyang Road disabled; 15% dementia; 5% independent over 85 years EC7+HC2 Dongjin Southeast to the 40,277.25 EC7: EC: 50% fully Dongjin New Town 304 disabled; Hospital HC2: 30% semi 220 disabled; 15% dementia; 5% independent over 85 years; HC: level-2 hospital focused on geriatric and rehabilitation EC8 Fancheng South to Jianshe Road 11,148.17 195 50% fully disabled; 30% semi disabled; 15% dementia; 5% independent over 85 years Training Xiangcheng Hubei University of 13,000 N/A Training programs Center Arts and Sciences on (a) caregiving, and (b) elderly care operation; development of course on elderly care business, targeting entrepreneurs,

Subproject Floor Area Number Name District Plot (m2) of beds Target elderly etc.

C. Baseline Environment

9. Ecological resources. The subprojects are located in build-up urban area or human modified habitat (farmland or orchard). There are no protected areas in the project area and no known records of rare, threatened, or protected flora or fauna. There are no habitats which meet the ADB definition of “critical habitats” (SPS 2009) in the project area.

10. Physical cultural resources. Assessment undertaken revealed the absence of physical cultural resources as defined in ADB’s SPS (2009) within the project area of influence of the subproject sites. The proposed site of Xiangyang Grain Bureau plot is located within the Xiangyang ancient city but outside the approved protection scope. This subproject will renovate the existing office building of Xiangyang Grain Bureau built in 1986 and does not involve historic heritage. Should buried artifacts of archaeological significance be uncovered during construction within the project areas, construction will be stopped and immediately reported to the local cultural bureaus in accordance with the PRC’s Cultural Relics Protection Law (2017) and the Cultural Relics Protection Law Implementation Ordinance (2016). 11. Air quality. In 2018, the concentration of SO2, NO2, CO, O3 in the urban area of Xiangyang City, where the project is located, meets the Class II standard of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-2012); the average annual concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 did not meet the standard with exceeding ratio of 128.57% and 185.71%, respectively. The reasons for exceeding the standard may be mainly the smog caused by automobile exhaust gas, coal burning and the construction dust in the region.

12. As the two hospitals (Zhumeng Hengzhuang community plot and Dongjin New District plot) will be equipped with onsite medical wastewater treatment facilities, hourly hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia gas (NH3) were monitored at these sites. During the monitoring periods, the hourly average of NH3 and H2S complied with the allowable limits set out in the Appendix D of Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines-Atmospheric Environment (HJ2.2-2018).

13. Surface water. The wastewater of the subprojects will enter into Yuliangzhou wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), Guanyinge WWTP and Dongjin WWTP respectively. The effluent from Yuliangzhou WWTP is directly discharged into the Han River, the effluent from Guanyinge WWTP is discharged into the Han River through the South Canal, and the effluent from Dongjin WWTP is discharged into the Han River through the Chun River. Therefore, the final receiving water body of the project wastewater is South Canal, Chun River and Han River.

14. The surface water quality data was cited from the quarterly environmental quality report (2019) and monthly Han River Water Quality Report published by Xiangyang Municipal ecology and environment bureau (EEB): (i) Mainstream of Han River. There are six monitoring sections along mainstream of Han River. The water quality monitoring results in 2019 showed compliance with the requirements of Category II (GB3838-2002). (ii) Main tributaries of Han River (including Chun River). A total of 19 monitoring sections are set up in the main tributaries of the Han River. Among the 19 monitoring sections, 68.4% had good water quality (Category II and III), 24.6% was slightly polluted (Category IV), and 6.2% was heavy pollution (Category V). (iii) South Canal. According to the annual monitoring results in 2019, the South Canal was heavily polluted (worse than Category V). At present, Xiangyang City has been listed in the third batch of urban black and odorous water 5

treatment demonstration cities. The Municipal Housing and Urban–Rural Development Bureau has issued the Implementation Plan for Accelerating Treatment of Black and Odorous Water of South Canal and Dali Gully to improve water quality of South Canal.

15. Acoustic environment. Acoustic environment was monitored for all engineering subprojects for 2 consecutive days, on 9–10 January 2020, during daytime (06:00 to 22:00) and nighttime (00:00 to 06:00). Monitoring locations were set at four boundaries of each site. The monitoring results showed comply with the Class II of Ambient Acoustic Environment Standard (GB3096-2008).

16. Soil quality. The current land use of the proposed site is cultivated land or residential land without history of industry development. The soil of proposed sites is unlikely to be polluted.

D. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

17. Pre-construction phase. All buildings will be designed to ensure compliance with relevant design standards and codes for energy-efficient, safe, and green public buildings, elderly care and health care facilities, including but not limited to: GB 50011-2010 (Building Seismic Design Code); GB 50016-2014 (Code of Design on Building Fire Protection and Prevention); GB 50189-2015 (Energy Conservation Design for Public Buildings), GB 50118- 2010 (Code for Design of Sound Insulation of Civil Buildings), JGJ450-2018, (Building Design Standard for Elderly Care Facilities) and GB51039-2014 (Code for Architectural Design of General Hospital), as well as the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Health Care Facilities. Parking garages and other underground structures are permitted to be constructed below design flood elevation.

18. Construction phase. There will be about 300 workers during peak construction period. It is estimated that the maximum amount of domestic sewage generated is 25.5 ton per day (t/d) that will be connected to the municipal sewage network after pretreated by septic tank. The construction wastewater is mainly from drainage of foundation and bored pile, construction maintenance, equipment cleaning and vehicle flushing. Construction wastewater will be discharged into the municipal sewage network after being settled through the temporary sedimentation tank. After pretreatment, the supernatant can be reused and sprayed on the exposed topsoil to suppress dust.

19. Main air pollutants during construction of the subprojects would include fugitive dust from construction sites, fumes and exhaust construction vehicles and volatile organic compounds (VOC) from paints and solvents during interior fit-out of buildings. Impact distance has been assessed to be approximately 100 m downwind of construction activities. The environmental management plan (EMP) specifies mitigation measures for controlling air pollution during construction. With EMP implementation, potential air quality impact during construction would comply with applicable standards.

20. Construction noise would be generated from the use of powered mechanical equipment and construction vehicles. The impact distances of noise from building construction have been assessed to be 40 meters (m) during daytime and 200 m during nighttime. Restriction on nighttime construction and other noise suppression measures are specified in the EMP. With EMP implementation, construction noise would comply with applicable standards.

21. Solid wastes during construction include construction waste and refuse from construction workers. The quantities of refuse generated by construction workers on construction sites are small (ranging from 10–80 kilograms per day [kg/d]) and could be

6 collected regularly by local sanitation departments for disposal at local waste to energy plant. A total of 6,216 tons construction waste will be generated and transported to disposal site designated by the local municipal urban administration bureaus.

22. Overall, construction-related impacts are localized, short-term, and can be effectively mitigated through the application of good construction practices and implementation of construction phase community and occupational health and safety plans. Appropriate mitigation measures and monitoring programs have been developed in the EMP to address these issues.

23. Operation phase. Potential air quality impacts during operation would include odor emissions from the onsite medical wastewater treatment station in subprojects HC1 and HC2 cooking fumes from the canteens, and exhaust gas from underground garage. After purification by the cooking fume purification system with more than 85% purification efficiency, the discharge concentration is low to 2 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3), which can meet the requirements of Standard of Dietetic Fume Emission (Trial) (GB18483-2001). The underground garage will be equipped with mechanical ventilation. The air exchange frequency is more than 6 times per hour (time/h) through special exhaust vent. The pollutant emission concentration of underground garage involved in this project can be controlled within the limit standard of Table 2 of Integrated Emission Standard for Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996). Interior of the buildings with respect to submission of VOCs from decorative items and furniture has already taken into account in design stage. The indoor air quality monitoring for the new buildings will be monitored for assessing suitability for occupancy. According to the prediction results, the concentrations of NH3 and H2S at downwind direction are very small and can meet the limits stipulated in the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment- 3 3 Atmospheric Environment (HJ2.2-2018) (0.01 mg/m for H2S and 0.2 mg/m for NH3). The medical wastewater treatment station will be built underground and aeration tank of the sewage treatment stations shall be covered. The impacts of odor from the medical wastewater treatment station is not significant with these measures.

24. The domestic wastewater from all project facilities will be pretreated by oil trapper and septic tank then discharged into the municipal sewage network. The total amount of domestic wastewater is estimated at 165.33 tons per annum (t/a), which is small in amount and can be treated by municipal WWTP. The medical wastewater from the two hospitals (HC1 and HC2) will be pretreated by onsite medical wastewater treatment station to the standard of Sewage Control Standard for Medical Institutions (GB18466-2005) then discharges into the municipal sewage network. The medical wastewater treatment station uses the process of screen, regulation tank, sedimentation, and chlorine dioxide disinfection to treat medical wastewater. The hospitals at Zhumeng Hengzhuang Community plot (HC1) and Dongjin New Town plot (HC2) will be installed with 120 cubic meters per day (m3/d) and 150 m3/d onsite medical wastewater treatment facilities, respectively. After disinfected, the treated sewage will be piped to existing centralized municipal WWTPs for complete treatment. The facility operator shall establish routine maintenance program and provide regular on-the-job training to the workers.

25. The noise source during the operation period of the project mainly comes from the central air conditioner, underground parking lot fan and the aerator noise of the sewage treatment station, such as various pumps and fans, and traffic noise from vehicle entering and leaving the elderly care and health care facilities. Mitigation measures such as low noise products, the use of flexible joints, indoor placement, underground installation, sound insulation, muffler, vibration reduction, distance attenuation, and speed limits will be adopted to control the noise level to the applicable standard.

26. The solid waste generated during the operation period of the project mainly includes general solid waste and hazardous waste. The project facilities will generate 91.11 tons medical waste and 54.47 tons sludge yearly. The medical waste shall be packed, labeled, 7 collected, transported and disposal in accordance with the Medical Waste Management Regulation (2003), Standard on Packaging, Container and Warning Labels for Hospital Wastes for sorting and collection and the World Bank Group (WBG) Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines also recommend measures on medical waste management.6

27. The risks that will affect occupational and community health and safety during operation are mainly from (i) failure of onsite medical wastewater treatment; (ii) leakage of chlorine dioxide; (iii) risk related to storage and usage of oxygen in the hospitals (HC1 and HC2); (iv) exposure to infections and disease and (v) traffic safety due to increase of traffic flow to the elder care and health care facilities. These risks could be addressed through establishment of preparedness plan and operation plan coping with emergency conditions, such as fire, flood, earthquake, wind, storm, water contamination, epidemic, chemical leakage, air contamination, infestation, explosion, etc., to ensure a safe environment for all elderly people, faculty, staff, and visitors.

E. Information Disclosure, Consultations and Participation

28. Two rounds of information disclosure for the proposed project were conducted by the HJGT through their website during January– April 2020. No comments were received as of May 2020.

29. One round public consultation in the format of questionnaire was conducted on January 2020. As part of the questionnaire process information was provided introducing and describing the project, its potential environmental impact and relevant mitigation measures, and the purpose of the public consultation. A total of 50 questionnaires were distributed by the HJGT project management office (HPMO) to 46 affected persons and 4 affected organizations. The consulted persons and organizations expressed supportive attitude to the project. Negative opinions about the project focused on noise and construction waste with project construction. The mitigation measures, defined in the EMP, address these specific concerns. Public meetings and face-to-face surveys have been strictly prohibited since the end of January 2020 due to the outbreak of corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19). An indicative consultation plan was developed in the EMP to instruct Xiangyang project management office (XPMO) to organize meaningful consultation throughout project implementation.

F. Grievance Redress Mechanism

30. A project-specific grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be established by XPMO and HPMO with support of the loan implementation environment consultant (LIEC) prior to commencement of any civil works to address community concerns and compliant related to environmental safeguard issues.7 The GRM will be accessible to diverse members of the community and stakeholders. The contact persons for different GRM entry points, including contractors, construction supervision company, district and municipal EEB, XPMO and HPMO will be identified prior to the construction. The contact details for entry points (phone numbers, addresses, email addresses) will be publicly disclosed on information boards at construction sites. The environment officers in XPMO and HPMO will coordinate the GRM to ensure that a full record is maintained of grievances received (both written and oral) and how these are resolved.

G. Key Environmental Management Plan Implementation Responsibilities

6 World Bank Group. 2007. Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines. Washington, USA. http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/sustainability-at- ifc/policiesstandards/ehs-guidelines 7 Resettlement-related issue will go to separate GRM established for the project.

31. XPMO will have the overall responsibility for supervising the implementation of the EMP, coordinating the project level GRM and reporting to ADB. XPMO will internally assign one environmental officer (XPMO-EO) to supervise the effective implementation of the EMP. The XPMO-EO will take charge of (i) coordinating the implementation of the EMP and developing implementation details; (ii) supervising the implementation of mitigation measures during project construction and operation; (iii) ensuring that environmental management, monitoring, and mitigation measures are incorporated into bidding documents, construction contracts, and operation management plans; (iv) submitting internal and external environmental monitoring reports to ADB; (v) coordinating the project GRM; and (vi) responding to any unforeseen adverse impact beyond those mentioned in the project IEE and the EMP. The XPMO-EO will be technically supported by the LIEC, who is a team member of the project implementation support firm, and they will jointly check the overall implementation of environmental management provisions of the EMP. The LIEC will review the mitigation measures defined in the EMP and updated to reflect the final design if necessary. The updated EMP will be reviewed by ADB and disclosed on ADB website. The contractors, the project implementation support firm, and the construction supervision firm (CSF) will be responsible for internal environmental monitoring and supervision during construction. A certificated monitoring station and an individual external environmental monitoring expert, engaged under the project, will verify the effectiveness of the EMP implementation.

H. Conclusion

32. The IEE concludes that as long as the environmental mitigation and management measures, as defined in the EMP, are properly implemented, all adverse environmental impacts associated with the project will be prevented, eliminated, or minimized to an acceptable level. The project is feasible from an environment safeguards point of view. 9

II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRTIVE FRAMEWORK AND STANDARDS

33. This section discusses the national and the local legal and institutional framework within which the environmental assessment is carried out. It also identifies project-relevant international environmental agreements to which the country is a signatory.

A. Policy Framework and Planning Context

34. The PRC’s population is aging rapidly. It is expected that by 2020, the population of elderly people over 60 years old in the PRC will increase to about 255 million, accounting for about 17.8% of the total population, according to the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Elderly Care Industry and the Elderly Care System. Traditional family- supported elderly care can no longer satisfy the need. In order to better expand medical and elderly care services, various departments of the PRC have introduced a range of policies to offer support since the concept of medical and elderly care services officially proposed in the Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Elderly Care Service Industry published by the State Council in 2013.

35. The integration of medical service and elderly care service is a clear development priority for the elderly care section in the PRC highlighted in the Healthy China 2030 Initiative (State Council, 2016). The proposed project is also in line with ADB’s Strategy 2030,8 that ADB will continue to support developing member countries in pursuing universal health coverage by improving the quality and coverage of government and private health care services and assist in managing the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases and elderly care in a cost–effective and sustainable manner.

36. The following plans and policies are relevant to this project and form the basis and rationale for this project.

(i) Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Elderly Care Industry and the Elderly Care System (National Development and Reform Commission [NDRC], No. 13 of 2017); (ii) Opinions of the State Council on Strengthening and Improving Community Service (NDRC, No. 14 of 2006); (iii) Several Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating the Development of the Old-age Service Industry (NDRC, No. 35); (iv) Guidance of the General Office of the State Council on the Purchase of Services by the Government to Private Sector (General Office of the State Council, No. 96 of 2013); (v) Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission on Further Strengthening the Project Management of Loans of International Financial Organizations (NDRC, No. 1269); (vi) Decision of the State Council on the Reform of the Investment System (NDRC, No. 20); (vii) Guidance on Promoting the Integration of Medical and Health Care and Elderly Care Industry (General Office of State Council, No. 84 of 2015); (viii) Interim Measures of the National Development and Reform Commission on the Management of Investment Projects for International Financial Organizations and Foreign Government Loans (NDRC, No. 28); (ix) Guidance on Land Use for Elderly Care Service Facilities (Ministry of Land Resources, No. 11 of 2014); (x) Notice on the Pilot Comprehensive Reform of Elderly Care Service Industry

8 ADB. 2013. Strategy 2030 : Achieving a Prosperous, Inclusive, Resilient, and Sustainable Asia and the Pacific. Manila. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/435391/strategy-2030-main-document.pdf

(Ministry of Civil Affairs, No. 24 of 2014); (xi) Notice on the Promotion of the Construction of Elderly Care Facilities in Towns (Ministry of Civil Affairs, No. 116 of 2014); (xii) Opinions of the People’s Government of Hubei Province of the Communist Party of China on Further Strengthening the Work of Elderly Care Service Industry (Hubei Provincial Development and Reform Commission (HPDRC), No. 21 of 2011); (xiii) Implementation Opinions of the People’s Government of Hubei Province on Speeding Up the Development of the Elderly Care Service Industry (HPDRC, No. 30 of 2014); (xiv) Outline of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Xiangyang City; (xv) Special Plan for Elderly Care Facilities in Downtown of Xiangyang City; (xvi) Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of the Elderly Care Industry and Elderly Care System of Xiangyang City; (xvii) Implementation Opinion of the General Office of the Hubei Provincial Government (HPG) on Fully Opening the Elderly Care Industry Market to Improve the Quality of Elderly Care Services (HPG, No. 44 of 2017); (xviii) Office of the Hubei Provincial Government on forwarding the Implementation Opinions of the Health and Family Planning Commission and Other Departments on Promoting the Integration of Medical and Health Care and Elderly Care Services (No.36 of 2016); (xix) Implementation Opinions of the People’s Government of Xiangyang City on Speeding Up the Development of the Elderly Care Service Industry (Xiangyang Civil Affairs Bureau [XCAB], No. 24 of 2017); (xx) Implementation Plan of Xiangyang City to Promote the Integration of Medical Care and Elderly Care Services” (XCAB, No. 85 of 2017); (xxi) Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Elderly Care Industry and Elderly Care System in Hubei Province (Hubei DRC, No. 22 of 2017).

B. Legislative Framework for Environment Impact Assessment in the People’s Republic of China

37. The PRC has a range of laws, regulations, technical guidelines, and standards that govern the way in which environmental protection and environmental impact assessment (EIA) for projects must be implemented, including for pollution prevention and control on air, noise, water, ecology and solid waste, and technical guidelines on assessing ambient air, noise, surface water, groundwater, and ecological impacts.

38. The engineering subprojects would involve construction and operation of eight elderly care facilities, two hospital and one training building. The PRC laws, regulations, technical guidelines, and standards relevant to these subprojects include the (i) environmental protection management and pollution control; (ii) safe management of hazardous chemicals and storage and disposal of hazardous waste; (iii) EIA and information disclosure for construction projects; (iv) energy conservation and green building design and assessment; (v) noise insulation and indoor environmental quality; and (vi) design codes for building accessibility and elderly care/health care facilities.

39. The primary national laws and regulations that governed the domestic EIA of the proposed project are as follows:

Table II-1: Applicable Environmental Laws and Regulations of The People's Republic of China Year of No. Title of the Law/Regulation Issued National 1 Environmental Protection Law 2015 2 Law on Prevention and Control of Air Pollution 2018 3 Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution 2018 4 Law on Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution 2018 5 Law on Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution 2016 6 Environmental Impact Assessment Law 2018 7 Water and Soil Conservation Law 2011 9 Cultural Relics Protection Law 2017 10 Urban Purple Line Management Measuresa 2004 11 Urban and Rural Planning Law 12 Regulations on Environmental Protection of Construction Projects 2008 13 Measures for the Administration of Medical Waste in Medical and Health 2017 Institutions 14 Directory of Classification Management of Environmental Impact Assessment of 2018 Construction Projects 15 Guidance on Promoting Public Participation in Environmental Protection 2018 16 Measures for Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment 2014 17 Management Measures for the Operation of Environmental Complaint Hotline 2018 18 Hazardous Chemical Safe Management Ordinance 2011 19 National Hazardous Waste List 2016 Local 18 Regulation on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Hubei Province 2019 19 Regulation on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Hubei Province 2018 20 Notice of the General Office of the Provincial People’s Government on “Speeding 2012 Up Implementation of Pilot Scheme for the Strictest Water Resources Management System in Hubei Province” 21 Development Plan of the Yangtze River along the Yangtze River Ecological 2018 Economic Zone (2018–2035) 22 Regulation on Construction Waste Management of Xiangyang Municipality 2020 a The urban purple line refers to the protection scope of the historical and cultural blocks within the national historical and cultural city promulgated by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly, as well as the protection of historical buildings outside the historical and cultural blocks announced by the people's governments at and above the county level.

40. The implementation of environmental laws and regulations is supported by applicable management and technical guidelines (Table II-2). These include impact assessment guidelines on general EIA program and principles, atmospheric environment, noise, surface water, groundwater, soil erosion, and ecology and biodiversity.

Table II-2: Applicable Technical Guidelines for Environment No. Technical Guideline Year/Code 1 Technical Guideline on EIA-Outline HJ 2.1-2016 2 Technical Guideline on EIA Regarding Surface Water HJ/T 2.3-2018 3 Technical Guideline on EIA Regarding Atmospheric Environment HJ 2.2-2018 4 Technical Guideline on EIA Regarding Acoustic Environment HJ 2.4-2009 5 Technical Guideline on EIA Regarding Ecological Environment HJ 19-2011 6 Technical Guidelines on EIA Regarding Groundwater HJ610-2016 7 Technical Specification on Water and Soil Conservation Plan GB 50433-2008 8 Technical Guideline on Environmental Risk Assessment for Construction HJ/T 169-2018 Project 9 Technical Specification for Urban Dust Prevention HJ/T 393-2007 10 Green Building Evaluation Standard GB/T50378- 2019

No. Technical Guideline Year/Code 11 Design Code for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings GB 50189-2015 12 Standard for Water-Saving Design of Civil Buildings GB50555-2010 13 Guideline on Jurisdictional Authorities for Approval of EIAs of Construction 2009 Project 14 Code for Design of Water Supply and Drainage in Buildings GB50015-2010 15 Code for Sound Insulation Design of Civil Buildings GB50118-2010 16 Technical Requirements for Medical Waste Transfer Vehicle (Trial) HJ421-2008 (GB19217-2003); 17 Technical Specifications for the Collection, Storage and Transportation of HJ2025-2012 Hazardous Wastes 18 Technical Specifications for Hospital Sewage Treatment Engineering HJ2029-2013 19 Standard for Pollution Control of Hazardous Waste Storage GB18579-2001 20 Water Pollutant Discharge Standards for Medical Institutions GB18466-2005 21 Technical Specifications for Centralized Disposal of Medical Wastes (Trial) 2003 22 Standard for Special Packaging Bags, Containers and Warning Signs for 2003 Medical Waste 23 Code for Construction of Elderly Care Nursing Home JB144-2010 24 Code for Design of Elderly Care Building GB50867-2013 25 Standard for Construction of Community Day Care Center for the Elderly JB143-2010 26 Architectural Design Code for Elderly Care Facilities JGJ450-2018 27 Code for Barrier-Free Design GB50763-2012 28 Code for Architectural Design of General Hospital GB51039-2014 EIA = environmental impact assessment.

C. International Agreements

41. The PRC is signatory to major international agreements dealing with environment protection. Those relevant to the site selection, construction and operation of the engineering subprojects are as follows:

(i) Conservation on Biological Diversity, 29 December 1993, to develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity; (ii) Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 23 February 2005—to further reduced greenhouse gas emissions by enhancing the national programs of developed countries aimed at this goal and by establishing percentage reduction targets for the developed countries; (iii) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 21 March 1994, to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a low enough level to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system; (iv) UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1985—this convention integrates the practice of heritage conservation in the PRC with that being done around the world; (v) Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, 1992—the overarching objective of the Basel Convention is to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects of hazardous waste; and (vi) Convention on International Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Trade Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade Rotterdam, 2004—the objective of this convention is to promote shared responsibility and cooperative efforts among parties in the international trade of certain hazardous chemicals in order to protect human health and the environment from potential harm and to contribute to their environmentally sound use. 13

D. Applicable Asian Development Bank and the People's Republic of China Policies and Assessment Categories

42. The ADB SPS (2009) establishes an environmental review process to ensure that projects undertaken as part of programs funded through ADB loans are environmentally sound are designed to operate in line with applicable regulatory requirements and are not likely to cause significant environment, health, social, or safety hazards. Based on the SPS, the project is classified as category B and an IEE is required. The categorization of B is defined by the SPS as: "proposed project’s potential environmental impacts are less adverse and fewer in number than those of category A projects; impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and impacts can be readily addressed through mitigation measures."

43. During the design, construction, and operation phases of a project, the SPS also requires the borrower to follow environmental standards consistent with good international industry practice as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the WBG EHS Guidelines (footnote 6). The guidelines provide guidance and standards for ambient air quality, air emissions, wastewater, and other variables, and performance indicators and prevention approaches. When host country regulations differ from these levels and measures, the borrower is to achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate given specific project circumstances, the borrower is required to justify any proposed alternatives.

44. In accordance with the PRC Guideline on Environmental Impact Assessment Classification for Construction Projects (2018 updated), the proposed eight elderly care facilities, two secondary-level hospitals focusing on geriatric and rehabilitation, and a training building are classified as PRC Category B, requiring preparation of TEIA. The TEIA of the proposed project is prepared by Zhongnan Safety and Environmental Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. and are expected to be reviewed and approved by Xiangyang Municipal EEB in June 2020.

E. Evaluation Standards for Proposed Subprojects

1. Ambient Environmental Quality Evaluation Standards

a. Ambient Air Quality Standard

45. The PRC ranks air quality into two classes according to its Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-2012). Class 1 standards apply to special areas such as nature reserves and environmentally sensitive areas, and Class 2 standards apply to all other areas, including urban and industrial areas. The PRC standards for Class 2 areas are applicable to the project.

46. The WBG adopted the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for its EHS standards for air quality.9 The WHO set up air quality guideline standards for various air quality parameters for the protection of public health. Yet recognizing that progressive actions are needed to achieve these standards and the financial and technological limitations of some countries, cities or localities especially in developing countries, the WHO also established interim targets as intermediate milestones towards achieving the air quality guideline. Table II-3 compares the PRC’s GB 3095-2012 Class II standards with the WBG EHS standards.

9 World Health Organization. 2005. WHO air quality guidelines global update 2005. Report on a Working Group meeting, Bonn, Germany, 18-20 October 2005.

Table II-3: Comparison of the People's Republic of China's GB 3095-2012 and World Bank Group Environment, Health, and Safety Ambient Air Quality Standards (μg/m3) Averaging GB 3095-2012 WBG EHS No. Item Period Class 2 Interim Targets AQG 1-year 0.06 n/a n/a 1 SO2 24-hour 0.15 0.050-0.125 0.020 1-hour 0.50 n/a n/a 1-year 0.10 0.030-0.070 0.020 2 PM 10 24-hour 0.15 0.075-0.150 0.050 1-year n/a 0.015-0.035 0.010 3 PM2.5 24-hour 0.15 0.0375-0.075 0.025 1-hour 0.35 n/a n/a 1-year 0.04 n/a 0.040 4 NO2 24-hour 0.08 n/a n/a 1-hour 0.20 n/a 0.200 24-hour 4.0 n/a n/a 5 CO 1-hour 10.0 n/a n/a Daily maximum 8- 0.1 n/a n/a 6 O 3 hour average 1-hour 0.16 n/a n/a AQG = air quality guideline; EHS = environment, health, and safety; n/a = not applicable, WBG = World Bank Group.

3 3 47. Class 2 standards of 24-hour SO2 (0.15 mg/m ) and PM2.5 (0.15 mg/m ) are higher than the upper limit of the WBG’s interim standards (0.125 mg/m3 and 0.075 mg/m3 respectively); 3 3 while 24-hour PM10 (0.15 mg/m ) and 1-hour NO2 (0.20 mg/m ) are the same as the upper limit of the WBG’s upper limit of interim standard and guideline standard, respectively. Overall, the PRC standards show a high degree of equivalency to the WHO guidelines or interim target values and are adopted for use in the project.

1. Surface Water

48. For water quality assessment, the determining standard is the PRC’s Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002). It defines five water quality categories for different environmental functions. Category I is the best, suitable for head waters and National Nature Reserves. Category II is suitable for drinking water sources in Class I protection areas, habitats for rare aquatic organisms, breeding grounds for fish and crustaceans and feeding grounds for juvenile fish. Category III is suitable for drinking water sources in Class II protection areas, wintering grounds for fish and crustaceans, migration. There are no applicable WBG EHS guidelines for water quality in this context, and the PRC standard is adopted for use in this IEE report. The United Nations Environment Programme standards for some of the parameters are also listed in Table II-4 for reference.

49. After treated by centralized municipal wastewater treatment plants, the wastewater generated by the project will be discharged into Chun River and South Canal, then flowing into the Hanjiang River. The Hanjiang River is classified as Category II water body and the Chun River and South Canal are Category V water body.

Table II-4: Surface Water Ambient Quality Standard (unit: mg/l, pH is dimensionless) United Nations GB 3838-2002 Environment Programme standard Category Category Parameter V High Extreme II (Chun Integrity Impairment I (Hanjiang III IV River, (Category 1) (Category 4) River) South Canal) pH 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9 6.5 ~ 9.0 <5 90% Dissolved oxygen saturation ≥6 ≥5 ≥3 ≥2 7.3-10.9 3 or >13.6 (DO) [mg/l] or ≥7.5 Permanganate ≤2 ≤4 ≤6 ≤10 ≤15 - - index (IMn) [mg/l] Chemical oxygen demand (COD) ≤15 ≤15 ≤20 ≤30 ≤40 - - [mg/l] 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand ≤3 ≤3 ≤4 ≤6 ≤10 -- >10 (BOD5) [mg/l] Ammonia nitrogen ≤0.15 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 ≤1.5 ≤2.0 0.015 0.1 (NH3-N) [mg/l] Total phosphorus ≤0.02 ≤0.1 ≤0.2 ≤0.3 ≤0.4 <0.02 >0.190 (as P) [mg/l] Lakes & reservoirs ≤0.01 ≤0.025 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤0.2 <0.01 >0.125 Total nitrogen (lakes, reservoirs, ≤0.2 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 ≤1.5 ≤2.0 <0.5 >2.5 as N) [mg/l] Copper (Cu) [mg/l] ≤0.01 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 0.001 0.0025 Zinc (Zn) [mg/l] ≤0.05 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤2.0 0.008 0.05 Fluoride (as F-) ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.5 ≤1.5 - - [mg/l] Selenium (Se) ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 - - [mg/L] Arsenic (As) [mg/l] ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤0.1 0.01 0.15 Mercury (Hg) [mg/l] ≤0.0005 ≤0.0005 ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.001 0.00005 0.001 Cadmium (Cd) ≤0.001 ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 0.00008 0.001 [mg/l] Chromium (Cr, ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 0.001 0.04 hexavalent) [mg/l] Lead (Pb) [mg/l] ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 0.002 0.005 Cyanide (CN) [mg/l] 0.005 ≤0.05 ≤0.2 ≤0.2 ≤0.2 - - Volatile phenol ≤0.002 ≤0.002 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.1 - - [mg/l] Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 - - [mg/l] Anionic surfactant ≤0.2 ≤0.2 ≤0.2 ≤0.3 ≤0.3 - - [mg/l] Sulfide [mg/l] ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤0.2 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 - - Fecal coliform ≤200 ≤2000 ≤10000 ≤20000 ≤40000 - - bacteria [number/l] CODMn = permanganate index; CODcr = chemical oxygen demand; BOD5 = 5 days biochemical oxygen demand; NH3-N= ammonia nitrogen; TP = Total Phosphorus; TN = Total Nitrogen.

a. Acoustic Environment

50. The Ambient Acoustic Environment Standard (GB 3096-2008) categorizes five functional areas based on their tolerance to noise pollution: from Class 0 to Class 4. Class 0 is for areas with convalescent facilities that are the least tolerant to noisy environments and therefore have the most stringent day and night time noise standards. Class 1 is for areas predominated by residential areas, hospitals and clinics, educational institutions and research centers. Class 2 is for areas with mixed residential and commercial functions. Class 3 is for areas with industrial production and storage and logistics functions. Class 4 is for regions adjacent to traffic noise sources such as major roads and highways and is subdivided into 4a and 4b with the former applicable to road and marine traffic noise and the latter applicable to rail noise. Standards for various functional area categories and are compared with the WBG EHS guidelines as listed in Table II-5. This shows that the WBG has lower noise limits for residential, commercial, and industrial mixed areas but higher noise limits for industrial areas and nighttime noise near trunk roads. Table II-6 presents the applicable acoustic environmental standard of each engineering subproject.

Table II-5: Environmental Quality Standards for Noise (Equivalent Sound Level: LAeq: dB) Noise GB 3096- World Bank Functional 2008 Group EHSa Applicable Area Area Day Night Day Night Category Areas needing extreme quiet, such as 0 50 40 convalescence areas Area mainly for residence, cultural and 1 55 45 55 45 educational institutions Residential, commercial, and industrial mixed 2 60 50 area 3 Industrial area 65 55 70 70 4a Area on both sides of urban road traffic trunk line 70 55 Note: Functional Area 4 is divided into 4a for trunk roads and 4b for railway lines. a World Bank Group 2007, ibid.

Table II-6: Applicable Ambient Acoustic Environment Standard Functional Limits Area dB(A) Subproject and Plot Name Category Day Night Remarks EC1+HC1: Zhumeng Hengzhuang 2 60 50 / Community 4a 70 55 The north side is close to the Qilihe West Road EC2: North to the No.4 Middle School 2 60 50 4a 70 55 The north side is close to Hexin Road EC3: Grain Bureau of Xiangyang City 2 60 50 / EC4+EC5: Public rental housing 1 55 45 / community in the High tech Shenzhen Park EC6: West to the Xingguang Avenue and 2 60 50 The south side is close North to the Xiangyang Road to the Xiangyang Road 4a 70 55 / EC7+HC2: Southeast to the Dongjin New 2 60 50 / Town Hospital 4a 70 55 The west side is close to the planned road EC8: Plot of Jianshe Road 2 60 50 / Training center in Hubei University of Arts 1 55 45 / and Science 2 60 50 The south side is close to north street 17

2. Discharge Standard

a. Air Quality

51. Fugitive emission of particulate matter (such as dust from construction sites) is regulated under PRC ‘s Air Pollutant Integrated Emission Standard (GB 16297-1996), which sets 120 mg/m3 as the maximum allowable emission concentration and ≤ 1.0 mg/m3 as the concentration limit at the boundary of construction sites, with no specification on the particular matter ‘s particle diameter. There is no equivalent standard recommended in the WBG EHS guidelines, therefore the PRC standard is applied for the project.

52. The Zhumeng Hengzhuang community plot (HC1) and southeast to Dongjin New Town hospital plot (HC2) subprojects will construct two geriatric and rehabilitation hospitals. The concentration of air pollutants around the sewage treatment stations in the hospitals shall comply with the Sewage Discharge Standard for Medical Institutions (GB18466-2005). The maximum allowable concentration standards for atmospheric pollutants around the sewage treatment station is given in Table II-7.

Table II-7: Atmospheric Pollutant Discharge Requirement for Wastewater Treatment Station of Medical Institutions Discharge to Water Body Pollutant (mg/l) 3 NH3(mg/m ) 1.0 3 H2S(mg/m ) 0.03 Odor (dimensionless) 10 3 Cl2 (mg/m ) 0.1 CH4 (highest volume percentage %) 1

53. The PRC’s Indoor Air Quality Standard (GB/T18883-2002) prescribes the concentration of 19 parameters for indoor air quality (Table II-8). These standards are applicable to the indoor environment inside the buildings, especially upon initial occupancy where indoor decoration and new furniture could emit various air pollutants such as formaldehyde, benzene and volatile organic compounds. WBG EHS has no standard for indoor air quality but describes air pollutants such as VOC in the work place.

Table II-8: Indoor Air Quality Standard (GB/T 18883-2002) No. Type Parameter Unit Standard Remark 1 Physical Temperature ℃ 22–28 Summer with air conditioning 16–24 Winter with heating 2 Relative humidity % 40–80 Summer with air conditioning 30–60 Winter with heating 3 Air flow speed m/s 0.3 N/A 0.2 N/A 4 New wind volume m3/(h- 30 N/A person) 5 Chemical Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 0.50 Hourly average 3 6 (NO2) mg/m 0.24 Hourly average 7 Carbon monoxide (CO) mg/m3 10 Hourly average 3 8 Carbon dioxide (CO2) mg/m 0.10 Daily average 3 9 Ammonia (NH3) mg/m 0.20 Hourly average 3 10 Ozone (O3) mg/m 0.16 Hourly average 11 Formaldehyde (HCHO) mg/m3 0.10 Hourly average 3 12 Benzene (C6H6) mg/m 0.11 Hourly average 13 Methylbenzene (C7H8) mg/m3 0.20 Hourly average

No. Type Parameter Unit Standard Remark 3 14 Dimthylbenzene(C8H10) (=xylol) mg/m 0.20 Hourly average 15 Benzo[a]pyrene [B(a)P] mg/m3 1.0 Daily average (C20H12) 16 Respirable suspended mg/m3 0.15 Daily average particulate (PM10) 17 Total volatile organic compound mg/m3 0.60 8-hour average (TVOC) 18 Biological Total bacterial colony count Cfu/m3 2,500 N/A 19 Radioactive Radon (222Rn) Bq/m3 400 Annual average

b. Wastewater

54. Discharge of wastewater from construction sites is regulated under the PRC ‘s Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996). Class I standards apply to discharges into Category III water bodies under GB 3838-2002. Class II standards apply to discharges into Categories IV and V water bodies. Class III standards apply to discharges into municipal sewers going to municipal WWTPs with secondary treatment.

Table II-9: Integrated Wastewater Discharge Parameter Class I Class II Class III For discharge into For discharge into Category For discharge into Category III water body IV and V water bodies municipal sewer pH 6–9 6–9 6–9 SS mg/L 70 150 400 BOD5 mg/L 20 30 300 COD mg/L 100 150 500 TPH mg/L 5 10 20 Volatile phenol mg/L 0.5 0.5 2.0 NH3-N mg/L 15 25 --- 2- PO4 (as P) mg/L 0.5 1.0 --- LAS (= anionic 5.0 10 20 surfactant) mg/L

55. The medical wastewater from Zhumeng Hengzhuang community plot (HC1) and southeast to Dongjin New Town hospital plot (HC2) subprojects shall comply with the Water Pollutant Emission Standards for Medical Institutions (GB18466-2005). The domestic sewage of all project facilities shall satisfy with the Class B of Water Quality Standard for Wastewater Discharge into Municipal Sewers (CJ 343-2015). The EHS Guidelines for Health Care Facilities has effluent guidelines for direct discharge of treated effluents to surface waters but no pretreatment effluent standard.10 The medical waste from the Zhumeng Hengzhuang community plot (HC1) and southeast to Dongjin New Town hospital plot (HC2) subprojects will be pretreated onsite then discharge to the connected municipal WWTPs. The WWTPs are designed and operated as Class 1A of Urban Municipal Wastewater Plant Discharge Standard (GB18918-2002), which sets more stringent emission limits than EHS Guidelines so that the applicable discharge standard for the project facilities are CJ343-2015 (domestic wastewater) and GB18466-2005 (medical wastewater).

10 https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/sustainability-at- ifc/policies-standards/ehs-guidelines#IndustryEHS 19

Table II-10: Water Pollutant Emission Standards for Medical Institutions GB 18466-2005 (for medical Class 1A of wastewater) GB18918- CJ343-2015 (mg/l) 2002 (for domestic To municipal sewage) sewage treatment Direct to the EHS Pollutant (mg/l) network surface water Guidelines pH 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-9 SS 400 60 20 50 10 BOD5 350 100 20 50 10 CODcr 500 250 60 250 50 NH3-N 45 N/A 15 N/A 5 Cadmium (Cd) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.01 Chromium (Cr) 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.1 Lead (Pb) 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.1 0.1 Mercury (Hg) 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.001 Chlorine, total N/A N/A 0.5 0.2 residual Oil and grease 100 20 5 10 1 Number of 500 5000 500 4000 1000 fecal coliforms (MPN/L) Total residual Contact time: greater Contact time: N/A N/A chlorine than 1 hour; outlet of greater than 1 hour; / contact tank: 2-8 outlet of contact mg/L tank: 3-10 mg/L

c. Noise

56. Construction noise will be assessed against the standards in Emission Standards of Ambient Noise for Boundary of Site Noise (GB 12523-2011), which are set out in Error! Reference source not found. II-11. Table II-11 also presents the noise limits at workplace recommended by WBG EHS Guidelines: Occupational Health and Safety Standard that applies to the project. The functional area category of the project area for ambient acoustic environment is given in Table II-6. The noise emission limits during operation is determined by the functional area category of the site and Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary (GB 12348-2008).

Table II-11: Site Noise Limits (LAeq [dB (A)]) Functional Noise Limit (at site WBG EHS Area boundary) Guidelines (at Period Major Noise Source Category Day Night workplace) Construction Bulldozer, excavators / 70 55 Occupational and loader; pile driving health and machines; concrete safety: 85 mixer, vibrator and (equivalent electric saw; hoist and level; LAeq: lifter. 8h)/110 Operation Pumps, fans 0 50 40 (maximum 1 55 45 LAmax) 2 60 50 3 65 55 4 70 55

d. Vibration

57. Vibration could be described in terms of acceleration, velocity, or displacement. Internationally, there are various criteria to evaluate vibration, such as Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration-Part 2: Continuous and Shock-Induced Vibrations in Buildings (1-80 HZ) (International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 2631-2:2003); DIN- 4150-2 Vibration in Buildings-Part 2: Effects on Persons in Buildings (German) etc. The PRC Standard for Urban Area Environmental Vibration (GB 10070-88) uses vertical Z-axis direction vibration level in decibel for evaluation. As the measurement methods are different, there is no comparable international standard. The PRC standard is adopted for the project. Construction activities are likely to cause vibration impact, and should comply with the Standard for Urban Area Environmental Vibration (GB 10070-88). The details are shown in Table II-12. The project works are located on villages and communities, where standard 2 applies (daytime 70 VdB, nighttime 67 VdB).

Table II-12: Vibration Standard Value for Various Urban Areas (Vertical Z-axis direction) (V dB) a Scope of applicable area Day Night Special residential area 65 65 Residential, cultural and educational area 70 67 Mixed area and commercial center 75 72 Industrial centralized area 75 72 Both sides of traffic trunk line 75 72 Both sides of railway main line 80 80 a Decibel notation acts to compress the range of numbers required to describe vibration. Vibration velocity level in decibels is defined as Lv=20*lg(V/Vref), where “Lv” is the velocity level in decibels，“V” is the rms velocity amplitude, -6 2 and “Vref” is the reference velocity amplitude referenced to 1*10 m/s . Although not a universally accepted notation, the abbreviation “VdB” is used in this IEE for vibration decibels to avoid the potential for confusion with sound decibels.

e. Solid Waste

58. The medical waste and sludge from medical wastewater treatment station are identified as hazardous wastes. The packing, storage, and transportation of hazardous waste is subject to the requirements of Hazardous Waste Storage Pollution Control Standard (GB 18597-2001), Technical Specification on Hazardous Waste Collection and Transportation (HJ 2025-2012) and WBG EHS Guidelines for Health Care Facilities. The Safe Management of Wastes from Health Care Activities: A Summary by WHO,11 also highlights the key aspects of safe health care waste management to guide facility managers and practitioners. The sludge from medical wastewater treatment station shall comply with the Table 4 of Water Pollutant Discharge Standard for Medical Institutions (GB 18466-2005) as shown in table below.

Table II-13: Standards for Sludge Control in Medical Institutions Fecal coliforms Enteropathogenic Enteroviruses Mycobacterium Ascaris eggs Number Bacteria Tuberculosis mortality (%) (MPN/g) Less than 100 ------95

11 WHO, 2017. Safe Management of Wastes from Health Care Activities: A Summary. Geneva. https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/safe-management-of-waste-summary/en/, 21

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Rationale

59. In 2018, the PRC had the world’s largest population of elderly people aged 65 years and above totaling 167 million. The proportion of elderly people aged 65 years and above compared to the total population (the aging rate) reached 7% in 2000, 11.9 % in 2018, and is expected to reach 14% in 2025 and 21% in 2035.12 The PRC faces both the largest scale and a rapid pace of population aging. Traditional family support systems are increasingly unable to meet elderly care needs because of the combined impacts of rapid urbanization, internal migration of young people, , and the previous one-child policy.

60. Following national trends, Xiangyang Municipality is facing significant aging of its population. Its total population increased only by 2.8% from 2010 to 2017, while the elderly population aged 65 years and above increased by 21% from 2010 to 2017. There were more than 565,000 elderly people in Xiangyang Municipality with the aging rate already reaching 10% in 2017. Such substantial differences in the increased rate between the total population and elderly populations indicate that the traditional family support systems for elderly people are under strain. To compare, the average number of family members in a household in Xiangyang Municipality was 3.15 in 2015, which is smaller than that of Singapore (3.35 in 2016) and is approaching that of Japan (2.47 in 2016), the world’s most aging society. It has become critically challenging for many families to provide the needed care for their elderly family members in Xiangyang Municipality. Further, the nature of elderly care is changing. As people live longer, the expected lifetime living with a certain disability would be extended for most people. This is another driver that increases the demand and duration, and changes the nature of care. These aging conditions require a continued and coordinated care ranging from the non-intensive level of daily support to the intensive level of care for complex care-mix and end of life issues.

61. The XMG has recognized the growing needs for care of elderly people under such rapid population aging conditions. In line with the central and provincial policy,13 the XMG has also made municipal policies to enhance its elderly care development in recent years. Xiangyang Municipality’s Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, 2016–2020 provides the policy direction to develop elderly care services covering institutional care, community-based day-care, home- based care as well as coordination of services of elderly care and health care.14 In addition, the XMG developed the policy of Implementation Opinions on Accelerating Elderly Care Service Development in 2017 to enhance the establishment of such an elderly care system.15

62. However, traditional family support still plays a major role in the care of elderly people in Xiangyang Municipality, which is a common feature of cities in the central region of the PRC. Traditionally female family members are more likely than men to quit their jobs for unpaid family caregiving responsibilities, leaving female family caregivers with low income and further reducing opportunities for career development. Before 2015, there were neither public nor private elderly care institutions in the municipality. Afterwards, the number of elderly care institutions increased; however, by 2018, there were still few elderly care facilities established

12 United Nations Development Programme. 2016. Asia-Pacific Human Development Report—Shaping the Future: How Changing Demographics Can Power Human Development. New York. 13 Government of the PRC, State Council. 2015. National Economy and Social Development Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, 2016–2020. Beijing; Government of the PRC, State Council. 2019. Opinions on Advancing the Development of Elderly Care Services. Beijing; and Hubei Provincial Government. 2017. Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Developing Elderly Care Service Undertakings and Establishing Elderly Care System of Hubei Province. Hubei. 14 XMG. 2015. Xiangyang’s Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Aged and the Construction of Elderly Care System. Xiangyang. 15 XMG. 2017. Implementation Opinions on Accelerating Elderly Care Service Development. Xiangyang.

22 in half of the districts in the municipality.16 There is a significant variation in the quality of facilities and care services among those existing elderly care institutions. This is because a standardized elderly care system is not yet established in the municipality. The utilization rate of elderly care facilities is particularly low in facilities with designs that do not meet the expected elderly care functionality and caregivers who are not trained properly. The limited experience of new service providers in elderly care has negatively affected matching of services and facilities with the care needs of elderly people. Adequacy of elderly care services is determined mainly by the (i) availability of a functional care needs assessment scheme, standards for elderly care services, and a quality monitoring system; and (ii) availability of facilities meeting the elderly care functionalities. The location of facilities and the financial framework for care service provision also affect the physical and economic accessibility to care services. Furthermore, the capacity of caregivers and managers critically affects the quality of care. All of these are areas underdeveloped in Xiangyang Municipality. Adequate facilities and services are critically limited to meet its increasing elderly care needs.

63. The XMG needs to develop a model of elderly care service provision which can be replicated in all districts in the municipality. Skilled human resources are also necessary to provide proper elderly care services fulfilling the level and type of needed care services. It is also important to improve their working conditions to provide better career development opportunities and retain skilled human resources. Improved working conditions would help address key gender issues in elderly care, since the majority of caregivers are women. To respond to the increasing needs, the private sector can play an important role in elderly care service provision. Although the XMG developed the relevant policy on the private sector’s involvement in 2017 (footnote 4), the experience and quality of private providers are still limited in Xiangyang Municipality. The XMG needs to establish regulations and implementation guidelines to ensure the adequacy of services provided by the private sector. The XMG has not identified a model of partnership with the private sector that can deliver proper elderly care services.

64. Since 2014, ADB has supported the development of elderly care services in the PRC. It has been supporting the PRC local governments in strengthening the quality and capacity of care services and the management capacity of care service provision.17 ADB has also focused on the development of human resources and the enhancement of the private sector’s involvement in the areas of elderly care. 18 Furthermore, ADB has supported policy development at both the central and local levels for the establishment of an overall elderly care system in the PRC.19 ADB experiences suggest that a standardized system should be established at the local level based on the overall guidance at the central level to manage the care service provision, control quality, and coordinate players in the areas of elderly care, including care service providers, staff, elderly people, and the local governments. Another key challenge is to establish a sustainable financial framework for elderly care services, which would require further research and policy analyses.

65. Lessons learned from ADB’s experiences also suggest that it is important to strengthen the understanding of local government on the principles of elderly care, coordination with health care, public responsibility, and the potential role of the private sector. Particularly, ADB

16 Since elderly care services are still under development in Xiangyang Municipality, the availability of other tiers of care, including the community-based day care and the home-based care, is also limited. 17 ADB. People’s Republic of China: Hebei Elderly Care Development Project; and ADB. People’s Republic of China: Hubei Yichang Comprehensive Elderly Care Demonstration Project. 18 ADB. People’s Republic of China: Development of Geriatric Nursing Policy Principles and Training Program in Liaoning Province; ADB. People’s Republic of China: Public–Private Partnerships Demonstration Program to Transform Delivery of Elderly Care Services in Yichang, Hubei; and ADB. People’s Republic of China: Demonstration of Guangxi Elderly Care and Health Care Integration and Public-Private Partnership Project. 19 ADB. People’s Republic of China: Strategic Elderly Care Services Development in Yichang; and ADB. People’s Republic of China: Policy and Capacity Building for Elderly Care. 23 has introduced key principles relating to elderly care and geriatric care, such as person- centered care, biopsychosocial approaches, and age-in-place. In terms of practical service provision, ADB’s previous interventions indicate that it is necessary to (i) ensure proper facility design which meets the elderly care functionality (target care-mix) of the facility, (ii) prepare and implement practical training on caregiving based on local conditions, and (iii) strengthen operational knowledge and experiences of elderly care service managers. To prepare a public–private partnership (PPP) project for the elderly care, it is important to confirm the public responsibility for social services, including elderly care services, and carefully assess the demand risk associated with the scale of a target facility. In-depth legal and technical due diligence and market sounding are also key to structuring a viable PPP project that complies with local requirements and is able to attract private sector participation.

66. The project is line with the inclusive growth of ADB’s country partnership strategy for the PRC, 2016–2020, and a focal area of elderly care of the Operational Plan for Health, 2015– 2020. It is also aligned with ADB’s Strategy 2030, supporting operational priorities on addressing remaining poverty and reducing inequalities and accelerating progress in gender equality, and demonstrating One ADB approach with the support of the Office of Public– Private Partnership. Also, as in ADB’s Strategy 2030, the project responds to issues of upper- middle income counties, through strengthening institutions, developing a demonstration project, enhancing the private sector involvement through PPP and responding to an important emerging social issue, i.e., population aging.

B. Impact and Outcome

67. The project is aligned with the following impact: welfare of the aging society in Xiangyang improved (footnote 4). The project will have the following outcome: utilization of coordinated elderly care services in Xiangyang Municipality increased.20

C. Outputs

68. Output 1: Institutional scheme and capacity in provision of elderly care services developed. Based on international standards and domestic good practice, the output will (i) develop and implement an institutional scheme for proper elderly care service provision, including (a) care service standards, (b) care needs and eligibility assessment scheme,21 (c) staffing standards, and (d) operational risk management scheme including safety and infection control; (ii) help prepare proper designs of elderly care facilities, based on the concept of age-friendly design, as well as the functionality of the elderly care facilities; (iii) build six elderly care facilities based on the proper designs with gender-sensitive facility use;22 (iv) help develop a sustainable operation plan; (v) train staff, such as caregivers and managers, of the elderly care facilities; and (vi) support the operation of elderly care facilities by piloting the above-mentioned institutional scheme which will cover the three tiers of elderly care services, i.e., institutional care, community-based day care, and home-based care.23 This output will directly benefit women by providing opportunity on improving their skills and enhancing their career development in elderly care fields. The availability of improved care services will also alleviate the burdens of female unpaid family caregiving responsibilities, which would further expand their opportunities for formal employment.

69. Output 2: Public–private partnership subproject for elderly care service provision developed. To enhance the private sector’s involvement in the elderly care service

20 The design and monitoring framework is in Appendix 1 of the report and recommendation of the President.. 21 The eligibility assessment scheme is to consider the social and family conditions of an elderly person. For instance, it will consider if any family support is available or if an elderly has a high risk of being frail. 22 Gender-sensitive facility use provides separate rooms for women and men. 23 Depending on local needs, in addition to the institutional care, some of those elderly care facilities will also provide community-based day care and home-based care.

24 provision in Xiangyang, this output will help build and operate up to two elderly care facilities, and plan to structure the project’s implementation under a PPP framework. To bring technical efficiency of the private sector, the PPP framework will define certain implementation arrangements for the design, construction, maintenance, and operation of the elderly care facilities. It will also define a risk allocation between the public and private sectors based on widely accepted PPP norms and principles for bankability and sustainability in PPP implementation.

70. Output 3: Capacity in provision of geriatric acute care and rehabilitation strengthened. The output will help (i) prepare (a) a functional plan for two hospitals focusing on geriatric acute care and rehabilitation to respond to the needs of elderly patients, as well as the resiliency to hospital-acquired infections; (b) a plan of staffing and human resource development for the two hospitals, including staff training programs, focusing on geriatric acute care and rehabilitation for doctors, nurses, and therapists; and (c) a coordination scheme between two hospitals and elderly care facilities; (ii) construct two hospitals with strengthened capacity of geriatric and rehabilitation sections based on the above-prepared functional plan; and (iii) help operationalize those hospitals by piloting the above-prepared coordination scheme with the elderly care facilities.

71. Output 4: Support services and capacity for elderly care services strengthened. The output will help strengthen the capacity of human resources through (a) developing a training program in caregiving and elderly care facility operation, and a course on elderly care business; and (b) building a training facility in the Technology Institute of Hubei University of Arts and Science in Xiangyang Municipality. 24 The training programs target existing caregivers and operators to improve their knowledge and skills in care for activities of daily living, dementia care, basic rehabilitation, and elderly care facility operation. It will also target staff who will work for the elderly care facilities created under the project. Further, the training programs will also be opened to family caregivers and volunteers who are interested in elderly care and the issue of population aging. The elderly care business course will be a formal educational course targeting new students and entrepreneurs. The output will further develop an elderly care information and communication technology platform to promote the efficient management of care administration and support the exchange of information among elderly people, their families, and care service providers. It will provide a business support system for elderly care service provision, including a service delivery management system as well as care service planning support.

72. Output 5: Policy and management capacity in elderly care system strengthened. The output will (i) prepare (a) a policy recommendation on establishing an elderly care system in Xiangyang Municipality based on the institutional scheme to be developed and implemented under output 1 and the coordination scheme to be prepared under output 3,25 and (b) a strategic development plan of Xiangyang's elderly care sector; (ii) strengthen the relevant bureaus' and agencies' knowledge in elderly care services and management capacity of elderly care service provision; (iii) disseminate a model of infection preparedness and response in elderly care facilities and hospitals; and (iv) support the executing and implementing agencies in managing the project. Further, through its Office of Public–Private Partnership, ADB will assist the XMG in structuring and implementing the development, financing, and tendering of the PPP subproject.

24 The facility will be designed to meet the practical needs of training on caregiving and management, which will be the base for the Technology Institute of Hubei University of Arts and Science to further expand its capacity in elderly care training and education. 25 The policy recommendation will cover issues of a financial framework for elderly care services and a quality management framework, including monitoring of elderly care operations. It will also cover the coordination of primary health with elderly care and tiers of health care. It will be prepared with collaboration with Xiangyang Civil Affairs Bureau to be aligned with the municipal plan of elderly care system policy development. 25

73. The key contents of each engineering subprojects are summarized in Table III-1.

Table III-1: Summary of Engineering Subprojects Subproject Floor Number Name District Plot Area (m2) of beds Target elderly EC1+HC1 Fancheng Plot F of Zhumeng 35,013.22 EC: 194 EC: 50% fully Hengzhuang HC: 150 disabled; Community 30% semi disabled; 15% dementia; 5% independent over 85 years; HC: level-2 hospital focused on geriatric and rehabilitation EC2 Xiangcheng North to the No.4 12,339.67 238 50% fully disabled; middle school 30% semi disabled; 15% dementia; 5% independent over 85 years EC3 Xiangcheng Grain Bureau of 2,481.27 65 50% full-disable; Xiangyang City 50% semi-disable EC4+EC5 High-tech Public rental 2,073.2 72 65% semi-disable, Development housing including dementia Zone community in the elderly; High-tech 35% independent Shenzhen who need day care Industrial Park and/or short care. EC6 Xiangcheng West to the 11,054.99 224 50% fully disabled; Xingguang Avenue 30% semi disabled; and North to the 15% dementia; Xiangyang Road 5% independent over 85 years EC7+HC2 Dongjin Southeast to the 40,277.25 EC7: 304 EC: 50% fully Dongjin New Town HC2: disabled; Hospital 220 30% semi disabled; 15% dementia; 5% independent over 85 years; HC: level-2 hospital focused on geriatric and rehabilitation EC8 Fancheng South to Jianshe 11,148.17 195 50% fully disabled; Road 30% semi disabled; 15% dementia; 5% independent over 85 years Training Xiangcheng Hubei University of 13,000 N/A Training programs Center Arts and Sciences on (a) caregiving and (b) elderly care operation; development of course on elderly care business, targeting entrepreneurs, etc.

D. Design of Engineering Components

74. The proposed project will construct eight elderly care nursing centers, two secondary-

26 level hospitals focusing on geriatric and rehabilitation, and a training building. The site location of each engineering subprojects is indicated in Figure III-1. The engineering design is elaborate in this section.

Figure III-1: Location of Engineering Subprojects

1. Subproject 1: Plot F of Zhumeng Hengzhuang Community (EC1+HC1)

75. The Fancheng Zhumeng Hengzhuang community plot is located on the south side of Qili River and west side of Yunxing Road. The shape of the land is relatively regular and flat. The land area is about 25,731.88 square meters ([m2] about 38.6 mu). A green land in the central separated the plot into north part and south part. A seven-floor, second-class comprehensive hospital (mainly for geriatric treatment) with 150 beds is designed in the north part of the plot. A six-floor elderly care service building is in the south part and can provide 194 beds. The first floor is designed for canteen, senior care, and entertainment. The dementia care, staff dormitory, and dementia care are arranged on the second floor. The third floor is designed for semi-self-care. The fifth and sixth floors are for non-self-care.

Figure III-2: Design of Zhumeng Hengzhuang Plot

Figure III-3: Layout of Zhumeng Hengzhuang Community Plot

Table III-2: Key Design Indicators of Zhumeng Hengzhuang Community Plot (EC1 and HC1) No. Item Amount 1 Site area 25,731.88 m2 2 Floor area 35,013.22 m2 Including 2.1 Ground floor area 24,149.2 m2 -Hospital 17,026.31 m2 -Elderly care building 7,123.11 m2 2.2 Underground floor area 10,863.8 m2 3 Building coverage 18.81% 4 Floor area ratio 0.94 5 Green land ratio 41.3% 6 Parking 404 cars Including -Ground 104 cars -Underground 300 cars

2. Subproject 2: Plot at North to No.4 Middle School (EC2)

76. This subproject is located on the north side of the new campus of the Fourth Middle School of Xiangcheng District, with Hexin Road on the north and Jianjin Road on the east. The land area is 16,786.16 m2 (25.2 mu). Two five-floor elderly care buildings providing 238 beds were designed.

77. For the 1 # elderly care building, the first floor is designed with a medical service room, senior care room, and auxiliary room. The medical service room is connected with the elderly room, providing timely and effective medical protection for the elderly. The second to fourth floors are semi-self-care areas. The fifth floor is a non-self-care area. For the 2 # elderly care building, the first and second floors are designed for dementia care, and the third to fifth floors are non-self-care. In the connection of 1 # and 2 # buildings, central hall, reception, admission assessment, activity room, and employee dormitory are designed.

Figure III-4: Design of North to No.4 Middle School Plot

Figure III-5: Layout of North to No.4 Middle School Plot (EC2)

Table III-3: Key Design Indicators of Plot at North to No.4 Middle School (EC2) No. Item Amount 1 Site area 16,786.16 m2 2 Floor area 12,339.67 m2 Including 2.1 Ground floor area 8,043.47m2 2.2 Underground floor area 4,296.2 m2 3 Building coverage 12.98 % 4 Floor area ratio 0.48 5 Green land ratio 54% 6 Parking 116 cars Including -Ground 24 cars -Underground 92 cars 29

3. Subproject 3: Plot at Xiangyang Municipal Grain Bureau (EC3)

78. This plot is located in Hui’an Lane of Xiangcheng District. The existing office building of Xiangyang Municipal Grain Bureau was built in 1986 and has five floors. The floor area is 2,481.27 m2. The existing building will be renovated to an elderly care center providing 65 beds. The first floor is mainly furnished as an auxiliary room; and the second, third and fourth floors are arranged semi-self-care and disability elderly care room, office, bathroom, multifunctional activity room, etc.; and the fifth floor is arranged as a staff dormitory and multifunctional activity room.

Before renovation After renovation under the project Figure III-6: Design of Xiangyang Municipal Grain Bureau Plot

Figure III-7: Layout of Xiangyang Municipal Grain Bureau Plot (First Floor)

4. Subproject 4: Plot at Public Rental Housing Community in the High-tech Shenzhen Industrial Park (EC4+EC5)

79. The high tech Shenzhen Industrial Park public rental housing community is located in the high tech zone north of Fukang Avenue and south of Nanjing Road, which was built in 2016. The proposed buildings to be renovated are located next to the 16 # and 18 # buildings on the southwest side of the square in the community. The buildings were designed as a two- story frame structure for commercial use. The floor area is 2,073.2 m2. This subproject can provide 89 beds in total.

80. The first floor of the building next to the 16 # building is mainly designed with kitchens, restaurants, entrance halls, multifunction activity rooms, reception rooms, etc., and elderly care is provided; the second floor is equipped with non-self-care care rooms and offices, bathroom, multifunction activity room, etc.

81. The first floor of the selected building next to 18 # building is mainly designed with multi-function rooms, entrance halls, nursing stations and other auxiliary rooms, and dementia care and non-self-care care will be provided; the second floor is equipped with care rooms, offices, bathrooms, multi-function activity rooms, etc.

Figure III-8:Current Status of the Plot at Public Rental Housing Community in the High-tech Shenzhen Industrial Park

Figure III-9: Layout of the Plot at Public Rental Housing Community in the High-tech Shenzhen Industrial Park

5. Subproject 5: Plot at West to the Xingguang Avenue and North to the Xiangyang Road (EC 6)

82. This subproject is located on the plot west of Xingguang Avenue and north of Xiangyang Road in Xianggong Township, Xiangcheng District. The land area is 8,413.44 m2 (about 12.62 mu).

83. There are two elderly care buildings planned. For the 1# elderly care building, the entrance foyer, hospital admission, office, medical room, and senior care room are designed on the first floor. The second to third floors are dementia care, and the fourth to sixth floors are semi-self-care. Each room is facing south that can make use of natural sunlight lighting and ventilation, and a centralized public activity hall is provided at the arrival of each floor for the elderly to rest and communicate with each other.

84. The 2 # elderly care building is designed for semi-self-care, non-self-care, and food supply. Separate kitchen and canteen are set up on the southeast side of the building to provide meals for the elderly and employees. The first to second floors are semi-self-care area, and the third to sixth floors are non-self-care area.

Figure III-10: Design of Plot at West to the Xingguang Avenue and North to the Xiangyang Road (EC6)

Figure III-11: Layout of Plot at West to the Xingguang Avenue and North to the Xiangyang Road (EC6)

Table III-4: Key Design Indicators of Plot at West to the Xingguang Avenue and North to the Xiangyang Road (EC6) No. Item Amount 1 Site area 8,413.44 m2 2 Floor area 11,054.99 m2 Including 2.1 Ground floor area 7,563.15 m2 2.2 Underground floor area 3,491.84 m2 3 Building coverage 17.64 % 33

4 Floor area ratio 0.9 5 Green land ratio 39.86% 6 Parking 69 cars Including -Ground 14 cars -Underground 55 cars

6. Subproject 6: Plot at Southeast to the Dongjin New Town Hospital (EC7+HC2)

85. The main functions of land use are divided into two parts: land for pension services and land for medical service (see Figure III-13). A second-class geriatric and rehabilitation hospital will be built in the medical service part. It is located on the west part of the site, with a main entrance on the south planning road and a secondary entrance on the west planning road. The medical complex has 11 floors, with medical services provided on the first to third floors. The 4th to 11th floor is inpatient area.

86. The elderly care service is designed in the southeast part of the site, with a main entrance on the planning road on the south side, and a secondary entrance on Wenxing Road on the east side. The north side is reserved for long-term development.

Figure III-12: Design of Plot at Southeast to Dongjin New Town Hospital (EC7+HC2)

Figure III-13: Layout of Plot at Southeast to Dongjin New Town Hospital (EC7+HC2)

Table III-5: Key Design Indicators of Plot at Southeast to Dongjin New Town Hospital (EC7+HC2) No. Item Amount 1 Site area 33,699.75 m2 2 Floor area 40,277.25 m2 Including 2.1 Ground floor area 30,996.32 m2 -Hospital 18,110.19 m2 -Elderly care building 12,886.13 m2 2.2 Underground floor area 9,280.93 m2 3 Building coverage 15.2% 4 Floor area ratio 0.92 5 Green land ratio 46.5% 6 Parking 279 cars Including -Ground 75 cars -Underground 204 cars

7. Subproject 7: South of Jianshe Road Plot (EC8)

87. The south Jianshe Road plot is located in the east of Dufu and south of Jianshe Roa, covering 6,800.54 m2. The designed floor area is 11,148.17 m2 with four five-floor buildings that can provide 195 beds. From the south to the north, the venue is followed by Buildings 1 #, 2 #, 3 #, and 4 #. Buildings 1 # to 3 # are the elderly care buildings, and Building 4 # is for logistics.

Figure III-14: Design of South of Jianshe Road Plot (EC8)

Figure III-15: Layout of South of Jianshe Road Plot (EC8)

Table III-6: Key Design Indicators of South Jianshe Road EC

No. Item Amount 1 Site area 6,800.54 m2 2 Floor area 11,148.17 m2 Including 2.1 Ground floor area 8,798.17 m2 2.2 Underground floor area 2,350 m2 3 Building coverage 29.8% 4 Floor area ratio 1.29 5 Green land ratio 35% 6 Parking 61 Including -Ground 15 -Underground 46

8. Subproject 7: Training Center in Hubei University of Arts and Science

88. This subproject is located in the campus of Hubei University of Arts and Science (HUAS) in Yinji East Street. The plot is basically in rectangular shape, with longer east-west direction and shorter south-north direction. The total floor area is 13,000 m2, including 11,000 m2 above ground and 2,000 m2 underground, and the building covers an area of 2,321 m2. The training center has five floors above ground and one floor underground. The basement is 5.4 m high. The first floor is 4.8 m high. The height of the second floor to the sixth floor is 3.9 m each. The total height of the training center is 23.68 m. The basement is designed for parking lots. The canteen and meeting room are arranged in the first floor. The second and third floors are classroom and staff office. The fourth and fifth floors are dormitories.

Figure III-16: Design of Training Center

Figure III-17: Layout of Training Center

E. Associated and/or Existing Facilities

89. Based on SPS (2009) definition of associated facilities, the project does not have facilities that are not funded by the project but (i) whose viability and existence depend exclusively on the project, and (ii) whose goods and services are essential for successful operation of the project.

90. The project facilities will be connected or covered by the existing public utilities which are identified as existing facilities. The availability and reliability of these public utilities are verified and elaborated below.

91. The elderly care, health care facilities and training center to be built under the project are in built-up area that will be connected to the existing water supply, sewage, and power supply system. The Xiangyang Municipal Drainage Facilities Charge Supervision Office has officially replied that agreed to receive the wastewater generated by the project facilities on 20 January 2020. The information of receiving WWTP is summarized in Table III-7. The existing WWTPs have adequate capacity to treat the wastewater generated from the project facilities. The quarterly supervisory monitoring results conducted by the Xiangyang EEP and violation information within its jurisdiction were disclosed on the website of Xiangyang EEP (http://sthjj.xiangyang.gov.cn/). Desktop review of these monitoring results (2017–2019) did not find any emission exceeding the discharge standards.

Table III-7: Due Diligence of Wastewater Receiving Facilities Wastewater Related Discharge Actual Actual Treated Receiving Subprojects Standard Capacity Amount Availability

Facilities (m3/d) Guanyinge EC3, EC6, EC2, Class 1A 150,000 120,000 Yes WWTP and training center Yuliangzhou EC1, HC1, Class 1A 390,000 337,300 Yes WWTP EC4, EC5, EC8 Dongjin WWTP EC7, HC2 Class 1A 100,000 Under Yes commissioning WWTP = wastewater treatment plant.

92. The medical waste will be handled by Xiangyang Wanqingyuan Environmental Protection Co., Ltd. (certification number: Xianghuanwei 002, valid from 1 August 2019 to 31 July 2020 (update yearly)), which is the largest certificated medical waste treatment service provider in Xiangyang City. It has a capacity of 4,000 t/d and uses high temperature steaming disinfection process (around 137 ℃). The actual treatment amount is about 3,271.7 tons in 2019. The medical waste generated by the project facilities are estimated at 91.11 t/a (the details of the estimation is given in Chapter V). There is adequate capacity to receive the medical waste generated by the project facilities. Desktop review on the violation notices issued by the Xiangyang EEP that disclosed on the EEP website did not find any violation against the environmental protection laws and requirements.

Note: red pin-medical waste treatment facility; yellow pin-EC/HC facility Figure III-18: Location Map of the Medical Waste Treatment Facility

F. Implementation Arrangement

93. The XMG is the executing agency. XPMO has been established under the XMG. Through XPMO, the executing agency is responsible for overall planning and implementation of the project. XPMO has experiences in the preparation, implementation, and management of projects funded by international financial institutions. The project leading group, chaired by the vice mayor of the XMG, has also been set up to provide the overall guidance and facilitate the cross-sectoral coordination. HJGT is the implementing agency and responsible for day-to- day project administration of the project.

G. Overall Project Implementation Plan

94. The overall project implementation plan is indicated in Table III-8. The assessment period covers both construction and operation stages. The building works are expected to start from Q1 2023 and completed in Q2 2026. Construction durations range from 24 to 42 months. The operation periods are 19 years based on the loan repayment period and PPP concession period.

Table III-8: Implementation Plan 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Indicative Activities 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 A. Design and Monitoring Framework Output 1: Institutional scheme and capacity in provision of elderly care services developed (1) Elderly care-related institutional setting-up and capacity building Recruit elderly care–health care technical firm Help set up institutional scheme Prepare and provide training on elderly care Recruit design institute (2) Construction of elderly care facilities EC1 (Fancheng); new construction of an elderly care facility Detailed design Procurement Building works and outfitting EC2 (Xiangcheng: middle school): new construction of an elderly care facility Detailed design Procurement Building works and outfitting EC3 (Xiangcheng: grain bureau): renovation for an elderly care facility Detailed design Procurement Building works and outfitting EC4 and EC5 (high tech zone) renovation for two elderly care facilities Detailed design Procurement Building works and outfitting EC6 (Xiangcheng): demolition and construction of an elderly care facility Detailed design Procurement Building works and outfitting Output 2: Public–private partnership subproject for elderly care service provision developed EC7 and/or EC8 (Dongjin and/or Fancheng: PPP) (Indicative plan to be confirmed upon award of the PPP subproject) Launch tender Construction Operate elderly care facility Output 3: Capacity in provision of geriatric acute care and rehabilitation strengthened (1) Hospital functional plan, human resource development, staffing, and capacity building, with the focus on geriatric care and rehabilitation Recruit hospital plan firm 41

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Indicative Activities 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 Prepare hospital functional plan Human resource development, staffing, and training Coordination scheme (2) Two class 2 hospitals with strengthened geriatric care and rehabilitation constructed HC1 (Fancheng): new construction of class 2 hospital with strengthened geriatric and rehabilitation Detailed design Procurement Construction HC2 (Dongjin): new construction of class 2 hospital with strengthened geriatric and rehabilitation Detailed design Procurement Construction Output 4: Support services and capacity for elderly care services strengthened (1) Elderly care–ICT platform Design and specification Procurement Development and piloting Rollout installation and training (2) Strengthen human resource development capacity (3) Develop and help implement short training program and a formal course Recruit elderly care–human resource development firm Develop short training program Develop a formal course Help implement training program and course (4) Training facility in the Hubei University of Arts and Science constructed Detailed design Procurement Building works and outfitting Output 5: Policy and management capacity in elderly care system strengthened (1) Knowledge support for elderly care system establishment and strategic plan for EC sector development Recruit elderly care knowledge policy support firm Policy recommendation on establishing elderly care system

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Indicative Activities 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 Strategic plan on elderly care sector development in Xiangyang Municipality Workshops, seminars, and study visits (2) Project management and implementation support Recruit project implementation support firm Recruit construction supervision firm Recruit environmental and land acquisition and resettlement safeguards external monitoring consultants Project implementation support Construction supervision External monitoring (3) PPP preparation and implementation Transaction advisory support (PPP) Recruit PPP implementation support firm PPP implementation support B. Management Activities Inception/annual/midterm review Project completion report ICT = information and communication technology, PPP = public–private partnership. Source: Asian Development Bank.

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Physical Setting

95. Location. Xiangyang City is located in the northwest of Hubei Province and in the middle of the Han River. It is connected to Suizhou City in the east and Shiyan City in the west. The total area of the administrative area is approximately 19,700 kilometers (km). It is an irregular parallelogram with a total boundary line of 1,332.8 km.

96. Topography. The terrain of Xiangyang City is low in the east and high in the west. The eastern part is low-lying hills that mostly are between 90–250 m above sea level. The central part is hilly land with a few plains. The western part is mountainous region with average altitude is more than 400 m.

97. Geology. With the Fang County–Xiangyang-Guangji deep fault as the boundary, Xiangyang City spans Yangtze quasi-platform and Qinling geosyncline. Baokang County, Nanzhang County, and Yicheng County are located in the south of the fault, and the southern edge of Gucheng County, Xiangzhou County, and Zaoyang County are in the Yangtze quasi- platform, which accounts for about 42% of the total area of the city. The Laohekou City and most of Gucheng County, Xiangzhu County, and Zaoyang County in the north of the fault are located in the Qinling geosyncline, which accounts for about 58% of the total area of the city.

98. Climate. Xiangyang City is located in the north subtropical monsoon climate zone, with distinct seasons. The average temperature is between 15℃–16℃. The frost-free period is about 228–249 days. The annual average rainfall is 820 mm–1100 mm, of which about 400 mm–450 mm is in summer. The annual raining days are about 107–135 days. The solar radiation is relatively abundant, with an average annual total sunshine hour of 1,800–2,100 hours.

99. Seismicity. According to the Seismic Peak Acceleration Zoning Map of the PRC (GB18306-2001) (1:400) (prepared by State Seismological Bureau, 2001), the peak acceleration of ground motion is 0.05 g, and corresponding seismic basic intensity is VI degree. All buildings and structures will be designed in accordance with the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB 50011-2010) (2016 revised), and other codes for anti-seismic design of special structures, as relevant.

100. Hydrology. The surface water system in the territory of Xiangyang City is well developed. There are more than 600 large and small rivers in the territory, belonging to two water systems—Yangtze River and Huai River. The annual total runoff is more than 8.5 billion cubic meters (m3). The city’s largest river, the Han River, flows from Chenjiagang under the dam of Danjiangkou Reservoir into Xiangyang, with total length of 216 km in Xiangyang territory. There are 30 branches directly flowing into the Han River, with a watershed area of 17,357.6 square kilometers (km2), accounting for 88% of the city’s total area. The embankment of Xiangyang urban section of Han River is constructed in 1/50 years and will be upgraded to 1/100 years protection in 2020. The urban drainage system was designed to drain within 24 hours during 1/20 years flood. The south to Jianshe Road plot (EC8) is the nearest site to Han River, about 500 m in the north of Han River and out of the 1/100 years flooding area.

B. Socioeconomic Conditions

101. Xiangyang City has three districts, namely Xiangcheng, Fancheng, and Xiangzhou; three county-level cities, i.e., Zaoyang, Yicheng, and Laohekou; and three counties, i.e., Nanzhang, Baokang ,and Gucheng. Xiangyang City has a national-level Xiangyang High tech Industrial Development Zone, a Xiangyang Economic and Technological Development Zone

(Dongjin New District), and a provincial-level Yuliangzhou Economic Development Zone.

102. Demography. In 2018, the resident population of Xiangyang City was 6,166,700, of which 1,131,600 were over 60 years old, accounting for 18.35% of the city's total population, including 747,900 people over 65 years old.

103. Economy. In 2019, Xiangyang City achieved a regional gross domestic product of CNY481.28 billion, calculated at comparable prices, an increase of 7.9% over the previous year. In terms of different industries, the added value of the primary industry was CNY44.92 billion, an increase of 3.3%; the added value of the second industry was CNY232.92 billion, an increase of 9.1%; and the added value of the tertiary industry was CNY203.44 billion, an increase of 7.6%. The three industrial structures are 9.3: 48.4: 42.3.

104. In 2019, the per capita disposable income of Xiangyang City was CNY28,558, an increase of 9.72%. Among them, the per capita disposable income of urban permanent residents was CNY37,297, an increase of 9.87%; the per capita disposable income of rural residents was CNY18,933, an increase of 9.41%.

C. Ecological Resources

105. Xiangyang City is located in the transition zone between the north part and south part of the PRC. The diverse geological features of Xiangyang City make it rich in ecological resources. The total forest area of the city is about 13 million mu, of which about 9 million mu is timber forest. The land coverage of Xiangyang City is indicated in Figure IV-1.

Source: Hubei Province Geographic Survey Bulletin (2017), Department of Natural Resources of Hubei Province Figure IV-1: Land Coverage of Hubei Province

106. The subprojects are located in build-up urban area or human modified habitat (farmland or orchard). There are no protected areas in the project area and no known records of rare, threatened, or protected flora or fauna. There are no habitats which meet the ADB definition of “critical habitats” (SPS 2009) in the project area. 45

Table IV-1: Current Land Use and Surrounding Environment of Each Subproject Subproject Name Site Description Satellite Image Site Photos EC1+HC1 The site is within the plant F plot of Zhumeng Hengzhuang Community. The current land use is shanty house and cultivated land. North side: road; South side: shanty house to be demolished; West side: shanty house to be demolished; East side: cultivated land (vegetables)

EC2 The current land use is cultivated land for nursery. North side: Hexin Road; South side: cultivated land and village houses; West side: cultivated land; East side: cultivated land.

Subproject Name Site Description Satellite Image Site Photos EC3 The existing office building of grain bureau of Xiangyang City will be renovated to elder care center. North side: dormitory of grain bureau; South side: dormitory and parking lots of grain bureau; West side: Huian alley; East side: Green land within grain bureau.

EC4+EC5 The existing two auxiliary buildings within the public rental housing complex will be renovated to elderly care center. North side: public renting house; South side: Taifukang Avenue; West side: public renting house and small road; East: public renting house and small irrigation canal outside the complex.

EC6 Vegetables are planted in the proposed site. North side: cultivated land (vegetable) South side: Xiangyang Road; West side: cultivated land (vegetable); East side: cultivated land and Xingguang Avenue

Subproject Name Site Description Satellite Image Site Photos EC7+HC2 The current land use is cultivated land. North side: cultivated land. South side: cultivated land West side: cultivated land East side: cultivated land.

EC8 The original houses have been demolished. The current land is vacancy with some demolished waste. North side: Jianshe Road; South side: demolished houses; Hanjiang River is about 500 m in the south. West side: residential building of Zhaojiaxiang; East side: empty house to be demolished.

Subproject Name Site Description Satellite Image Site Photos Training The site is a pit within the existing campus of Hubei center University of Arts and Sciences (HUAS). The pit is excavated during construction of the campus. Surface runoff flows into the pit during rainy days. North side: classroom of HUAS; South side: shops and Dongjie Street; West side: entrance of HUAS; East side: vacancy land.

D. Environmental Quality Baseline

1. Ambient Air Quality

107. Xiangyang Municipal EEP has set automatically air quality monitoring station in Yundong Road of Xiangcheng District, Xinhua Road of Fancheng District, Hangkong Road of Xiangzhou District and High tech Industry Development Zone to measuring the air quality of urban area. The monitoring data of the main air pollutants published in the Environmental Status Bulletin of 2018 released by the Xiangyang Municipal EEB were referred in this IEE to assess the regional air quality. Monitoring indicators include inhalable particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3).

Table IV-2: Air Quality of Xiangyang Urban Area (2018) Monitored Class II of Percentage of Pollutant Averaging Period Data GB3095-2012 Standard (%) Compliance 3 SO2 (μg/m ) Yearly 16 60 26.67 Yes 3 NO2 (μg/m ) Yearly 35 40 87.50 Yes CO (mg/m3) The 95th percentile of 1.8 4 45.00 Yes the 24-hour average mass concentration 3 O3 (μg/m ) The 90th percentile 152 160 95.00 Yes value of the daily maximum 8-hour sliding average mass concentration 3 PM10 (μg/m ) Yearly 90 70 128.57 No 3 PM2.5 (μg/m ) Yearly 65 35 185.71 No

108. In 2018, the concentration of SO2, NO2, CO, O3 in the urban area of Xiangyang City, where the project is located, meets the Class II standard of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-2012); the average annual concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 did not meet the standard with exceeding ratio of 128.57% and 185.71%, respectively. The reasons for exceeding the standard may be mainly the smog caused by automobile exhaust gas, coal burning and the construction dust in the region.

109. As the two secondary-level hospitals focusing on geriatric and rehabilitation (Zhumeng Hengzhuang community plot and southeast to Dongjin New District plot) will be equipped with onsite medical wastewater treatment facilities, hourly hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia gas (NH3) were monitored at these sites according to the requirements of Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines-Atmospheric Environment (HJ2.2-2018) for consecutive 7 days on 9–15 January 2020. According to the statistics of meteorological data of Xiangyang City (1999–2018), the dominant wind direction is north. Monitoring locations were set in the site and 100 m in the downwind direction (see Figure IV-2 and Figure IV-3) as the sensitive receptors are located within 100 m of the downwind direction. The monitoring results of air quality is given in Table IV-3.

110. During the monitoring periods, the hourly average of NH3 and H2S complied with the allowable limits set out in the Appendix D of Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines-Atmospheric Environment (HJ2.2-2018). For Dongjin New District plot, the concentration of NH3 and H2S were lower than the detection limits. For the Zhumeng 3 Hengzhuang community plot, the maximum hourly concentration of H2S was 0.009 mg/m , accounting for 90% of the standard. This was mainly caused by the dumped garbage near the plot.

Ai Noie

Figure IV-2: Air Quality Monitoring Locations-Dongjin New District Plot (EC7+HC2)

Figure IV-3: Air Quality Monitoring Locations-Zhumeng Hengzhuang Community Plot (EC1+HC1)

Table IV-3: Air Quality Monitoring Results of Zhumeng Hengzhuang Community and Dongjin New District Plots Monitoring Results Standard Monitoring 1/9 1/10 1/11 1/12 1/13 1/14 1/15 (HJ2.2- locations Pollutant 2018) A1 NH3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 H2S ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 A2 NH3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 H2S ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 51

Monitoring Results Standard Monitoring 1/9 1/10 1/11 1/12 1/13 1/14 1/15 (HJ2.2- locations Pollutant 2018) A3 NH3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 H2S ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 A4 NH3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 H2S 0.00 0.00 0.008 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 9 6 5 9 5 7 3 Note: ND means not detected. The detection limit of NH3 is 0.01 mg/m , and the detection limit of H2S is 0.001 mg/m3.

2. Surface Water Quality

111. The wastewater of the subprojects will enter into Yuliangzhou WWTP, Guanyinge WWTP, and Dongjin WWTP, respectively. The effluent from Yuliangzhou WWTP is directly discharged into the Han River, the effluent from Guanyinge WWTP is discharged into the Han River through the South Canal, and the effluent from Dongjin WWTP is discharged into the Han River through the Chun River. Therefore, the final receiving water body of the project wastewater is South Canal, Chun River and Han River.

112. The surface water quality data was cited from the quarterly environmental quality report (2019) and monthly Han River Water Quality Report published by Xiangyang EEB: (i) Mainstream of Han River. There are six monitoring sections along mainstream of Han River. The water quality monitoring results in 2019 showed compliance with the requirements of Category II (GB3838-2002). (ii) Main tributaries of Han River (including Chun River). A total of 19 monitoring sections are set up in the main tributaries of the Han River. Among the 19 monitoring sections, 68.4% had good water quality (Category II and III), 24.6% was slightly polluted (Category IV), and6.2% was heavy pollution (Category V). (iii) South Canal. According to the annual monitoring results in 2019, the South Canal was heavily polluted (worse than Category V). At present, Xiangyang City has been listed in the third batch of urban black and odorous water treatment demonstration cities. The Municipal Housing and Urban–Rural Development Bureau has issued the Implementation Plan for Accelerating Treatment of Black and Odorous Water of South Canal and Dali Gully to improve water quality of South Canal.

3. Acoustic Environment

113. Acoustic environment was monitored for all engineering subprojects for 2 consecutive days on 9–10 January 2020 during daytime (06:00 to 22:00) and nighttime (00:00 to 06:00). Monitoring locations were set at four boundaries of each site (see Figure IV-2, 3 and 4). The monitoring results (Table IV-4) showed comply with the Class II of Ambient Acoustic Environment Standard (GB3096-2008).

EC3 (Grain Bureau Plot) EC 6 (Xingguang Avenue plot)

EC4+EC5(Shenzhen High Tech Zone plot) EC2 (North of No.4 Middle School plot)

EC 8 (South of Jianshe Road plot) Training center (HUAS) Figure IV-4: Acoustic Environment Monitoring Locations

Table IV-4: Acoustic Environment Monitoring Results

Monitoring Results Applicable Compliance Leq[dB(A)] Standard 1/9 1/10 Leq[dB(A)]

Monitoring Plot Name No. Location Day Night Day Night Day Night Grain Bureau N1 North Yes boundary 47.5 43.0 48.0 41.8 60 50 N2 East boundary 47.6 38.8 48.6 44.7 60 50 Yes N3 South Yes boundary 50.8 41.9 47.8 44.2 60 50 N4 West boundary 47.7 39.3 48.1 44.6 60 50 Yes Xingguang N5 North Yes Avenue boundary 47.6 36.2 46.3 44.0 60 50 N6 East boundary 47.9 39.9 46.4 39.9 60 50 Yes N7 South Yes boundary 54.4 45.7 53.0 45.0 70 55 N8 West boundary 45.7 35.4 43.7 43.8 60 50 Yes Shenzhen High N9 North Yes Tech Zone boundary 50.8 39.8 43.6 38.7 55 45 N10 East boundary 46.5 34.9 48.8 41.3 55 45 Yes N11 South Yes boundary 49.7 42.9 44.5 39.9 55 45 N12 West boundary 45.5 38.2 47.8 42.3 55 45 Yes North of No.4 N13 North Yes Middle School boundary 52.8 46.4 48.6 46.5 70 55 N14 East boundary 42.5 38.6 43.4 41.4 60 50 Yes N15 South Yes boundary 46.3 41.5 40.5 39.8 60 50 N16 West boundary 47.8 39.1 44.6 36.7 60 50 Yes South of Jianshe N17 North Yes Road boundary 49.5 38.5 45.1 41.6 60 50 N18 East boundary 50.3 41.3 43.2 44.3 60 50 Yes N19 South Yes boundary 51.7 44.6 48.0 43.7 60 50 N20 West boundary 48.4 48.8 51.6 43.9 60 50 Yes Dongjin New N21 North Yes District boundary 45.4 41.6 48.2 41.8 60 50 N22 East boundary 48.9 42.0 48.2 41.8 60 50 Yes N23 South Yes boundary 52.2 40.6 49.7 37.4 60 50 N24 West boundary 57.3 43.1 54.7 42.1 70 55 Yes Zhumeng N25 North Yes Hengzhuang boundary 56.3 46.9 53.9 43.7 70 55 N26 East boundary 53.0 43.5 51.0 39.2 60 50 Yes N27 South Yes boundary 51.7 42.2 46.9 44.7 60 50 N28 West boundary 44.8 42.5 49.9 43.6 60 50 Yes HUAS N29 North Yes boundary 42.8 39.6 42.7 37.4 55 45 N30 East boundary 44.1 41.4 41.2 39.7 55 45 Yes N31 South Yes boundary 46.2 42.8 42.6 40.9 60 50 N32 West boundary 44.7 40.0 42.7 38.6 55 45 Yes

4. Soil Quality

114. The current land use of the proposed site is cultivated land or residential land without history of industry development. Except for the Zhumeng Hengzhuang plot (EC1+HC1) and Xingguang Avenue plot (EC6), there are no industrial enterprises within 500 m of the proposed sites. For Zhumeng Hengzhuang plot, there are one printing company in 420 m southwest of the site and one machinery company in 470 m south of the site. For Xingguang Avenue plot, one textile is about 440 m south away from the site. Due diligence conducted by the EIA institute concluded that these three enterprises were operated in line with the environmental protection laws and regulations. No records of pollution were founded. The soil of proposed sites is unlikely to be polluted.

E. Physical Cultural Resources

115. Xiangyang, with more than 2,800 years history, was approved by the State Council in 1986 as one of the second batch of national historic and cultural cities. The Xiangyang historic city (see Figure IV-5) covers 5.3 km2, including the Xiangyang Ancient City (3.5 km2, bounded by the south bank of the Han River in the north, the outer moat along the west and south, Huancheng East Road in the east, and Zhakou Road in the northeast) and Fancheng Ancient City (1.8 km2, bounded by the outer boundary of the moat on the north, the bridge in the west, the north bank of Han River in the south and the Yuliangzhou Bridge in the east).

116. The proposed site of Xiangyang Grain Bureau plot is located within the Xiangyang ancient city but outside the approved purple line. This subproject will renovate the existing office building of Xiangyang Grain Bureau built in 1986 and does not involve historic heritage. 55

Source: Xiangyang Historic City Conservation Plan (2018–2035) approved by Hubei Provincial Government in 2018. Figure IV-5: Scope of the Xiangyang Historic City Conservation

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Project Area of Influence and Sensitive Receptors

117. The project area of influence is defined as the total area which might be subjected to adverse impacts of the project. This is based on the locations of sensitive receptors, defined as settlements and/or environmental values that might be affected by the project construction and/or operation.

118. The following distances were applied to identify the sensitive receptors: (i) for construction and/or operational noise, according to the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment-Acoustic Environment (HJ2.4-2009), if there are sensitive targets such as Class 0 acoustic environment functional areas specified in GB3096 and protection zones that have special requirements for noise, or the increase in noise level of sensitive targets in the evaluation range before and after construction project construction exceeds 5dB (A) (Excluding 5dB (A)), or when the number of affected population increases significantly, the assessment scope is 200 m outward from the boundary of the construction site; for others, the assessment scope could be narrower. To be conservative, the project adopts 200 m assessment scope; (ii) for construction-related air quality impacts, the assessment scope is determined by the percentage of maximum ground concentration (Pmax) according to the Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment-Atmospheric Environment (HJ 2.2- 2018). The Pmax during operation is less than 1% so it is unnecessary to set assessment scope for operation phase. During construction, the dust dispersion distance is about 100 m. To be conservative, the receptors within 200 m of the source are identified as air environment sensitive targets; and (iii) for ecological resources-the footprint of the project site. These distances, combined with the direct construction sites, were assumed to encompass the total project area of influence.

119. As Xiangyang is undergoing massive new urban development, sensitive receptors may change overtime. The sensitive receptors will be verified during project implementation regularly and recorded in the yearly monitoring reports to ADB.

Table V-1: Identified Sensitive Receptors Distance from the Sensitive Related project Environmental Receptors Subprojects Features Population Direction site (m) Targets Hezhuang EC1+HC1 Residential 520 SW 100 Air: Class II of primary area GB3095-2012 school Acoustic Hezhuang Under Surrounding 10–200 Environment: community demolishing the site GB3096-2008 Sunjiaxiang EC2 Residential Under S 37 Village area demolishing Xiangyang EC3 Residential 270 Surrounding 15–100 Grain area the site Bureau dormitory Kindergarten School 200 S 70 Luihui Hotel Residential 200 W 40 area Car repair Commercial 50 N 50–100 shop area Public EC4+EC5 Residential Under Surrounding 5–200 renting area decoration the site 57

Distance from the Sensitive Related project Environmental Receptors Subprojects Features Population Direction site (m) Targets house community Shijiamiao EC6 Residential 186 S 90 community area Luoying EC7+HC2 Residential Under S 70 community area demolishing Liangying 100 NE 200 community Wanhu EC8 Residential 10000 N 50 community area Zhaojiaxiang 4000 W 80 community Hanjiang 9000 Surrounding 70 street the site community Xujia Training Residential 3200 NE 200 community Center area, shops HUAS School 2000 NW 20–200 Han River All Surface N/A N/A N/A Category II of engineering water GB3838-2002 subprojects South Canal EC2, C3, Surface N/A SE 2,100– Category V of EC6, water 4,200 GB3838-2002 Training Center Chun River EC7, HC2 Surface N/A S 5,040 Category V of water GB3838-2002 E = east, N = north, S = south, W = west.

B. Anticipated Project Benefits and Positive Impacts

120. The project may significantly ease the elderly pension bed situation in Xiangyang City, relieve the pressure of the local government and the families with elders, provide added values to the pension market, and improve the physical (and mental) health of thousands of project beneficiaries through innovative management/care for the elderly, thereby enhancing overall societal utilities and harmony. Implementation of the project may also relieve the current workload of families with elderly members, freeing up societal resources for more productive development of the economy.

C. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Design and Pre-Construction Phase

121. A number of environmental measures will be implemented in the design and pre- construction phase. These include: (i) Design buildings in compliance with relevant design standards and codes for energy-efficient, safe and green public buildings, including but not limited to: GB 50011-2010 (Building Seismic Design Code); GB 50016-2014 (Code of Design on Building Fire Protection and Prevention); GB 50189-2015 (Energy Conservation Design for Public Buildings), and other applicable national design codes. Parking garages and other underground structures are permitted to be constructed below design flood elevation. (ii) Ensure no-use of VOC-emitting materials (including paints, coatings, adhesives, carpet and furniture's) to ensure high indoor air quality. (iii) Satisfy the "One Star" green building criteria defined in the GB/T50378-2019

(Green Building Evaluation Standard). (iv) Design elderly care buildings in line with the Building Design Standard for Elderly Care Facilities (JGJ450-2018). The following measures are recommended from the lessons coping with the COVID-19 pandemic: (a) install auto-sensing faucets, or faucets that can be switched with wrist or elbow; (b) use automatic doors at the main entrance of the building and a sink should be installed near the main entrance; (c) flexible indoor activity space and public corridor; (d) set up separate toilet in the living room of elderly if possible; (e) provide adequate space for the working staff; (f) each room is equipped with an air vent and exhaust fan in the bathroom; and (g) the room layout can be flexibly transformed to meet the needs of different situations. The elderly in the same room can be isolated from each other during the epidemic. (v) Ensure the indoor noise comply with GB 50118-2010 (Code for Design of Sound Insulation of Civil Buildings). (vi) The design and functional layout of health care buildings shall comply with the GB51039-2014 (Code for Architectural Design of General Hospital) and the WBG EHS Guidelines for Health Care Facilities that ensure: (a) separation of clean/sterilized and dirty/contaminated materials and people flows; (b) development and inclusion of adequate disinfection/sterilization procedures and facilities; (c) selection of heating, ventilation and air conditioning system that provide isolation and protection from airborne infections; (d) design of water systems to provide adequate supplies of potable water to reduce risks of exposure to waterborne pathogens; (e) provision of hazardous material and waste storage and handling area; and (f) selection of easily cleaned building materials that do not support microbiological growth, are slip-resistant, nontoxic, and nonallergenic, and do not include volatile organic compound emitting pains and sealants. (vii) Institutional strengthening, including (a) appointment of XPMO-EO; (b) hiring of LIEC within loan management consultant services by XPMO; (c) contracting of environmental monitoring station by the implementing agency (IA) to conduct environment impact monitoring; and (d) contracting of external environmental monitor by the IA to conduct independent verification of the EMP implementation. (viii) Updating EMP. Mitigation measures defined in this EMP will be updated based on final technical design. This will be the responsibility of XPMO, with support of the local design institutes (LDIs). (ix) Contract documents. Include EMP obligations in tender documents and specifications, referencing the EMP and monitoring plan. This will be the responsibility of the LDIs, with support of XPMO and the LIEC. (x) Public consultation. XPMO will hold public meetings with the support of the LIEC prior to construction to discuss the EMP, project activities, and issues associated with the safety of nearby communities in the vicinity of the construction sites. (xi) Environmental protection training. The LIEC to provide training on implementation and supervision of environmental mitigation measures to contractors. (xii) Grievance Redress Mechanism. The GRM will be adjusted and/or confirmed, and made operational, prior to construction. This will be the responsibility of XPMO, with support of the LIEC. (xiii) Contractor Site-EMP. Following the award of contracts of construction and CSFs, the contractor and the CSF will prepare a construction site environmental management plan (Site-EMP) and an environmental supervision plan (CSF-ESP) respectively, including an emergency preparedness and response plan for construction emergencies and a site environmental health and safety plan, for clearance by the IA. 59

D. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase

122. Building construction includes four stages: land leveling, foundation, main structural engineering, and interior decoration and exterior wall construction. Main impacts during construction, as well as mitigation measures, are discussed below. The total construction period of this project is about 2 years. The number of construction workers required, and construction period of each engineering subproject are indicated in Table V-2. The estimated working days are 330 days a year.

Table V-2: Number of Construction Workers and Construction Periods Construction Period Construction Workers Subproject and Plot Name (months) (population) EC1+HC1: Zhumeng Hengzhuang 24 80 EC2: North to the No.4 Middle School 12 30 EC3: Grain Bureau of Xiangyang City 5 10 EC4+EC5: Public rental housing community in 5 10 the High-tech Shenzhen Park EC6: West to the Xingguang Avenue and 12 30 North to the Xiangyang Road EC7+HC2: Southeast to the Dongjin New 24 80 Town Hospital EC8: South of Jianshe Road 12 30 Training Center: HUAS 12 30 HUAS = Hubei University of Arts and Science.

1. Impacts on Soil

123. The construction sites for the eight elderly care facilities, two secondary-level hospitals, and one training center targeted by the project are relatively small. The potential impacts on soil include (i) soil erosion, (ii) soil contamination, and (iii) inappropriate management of spoil disposal. The buildings will use reinforced concrete frame structure. As mixing concrete onsite will produce significant air and water pollution, the central government has prohibited mixing concrete onsite in urban area since 2004. The contractor will purchase ready-mixed concrete from existing concrete mixing station so the project does not involve any associated quarries.

(i) Soil erosion. May be caused by construction, excavation, and borrow pits, stockpiles, and spoils from earthwork during construction of buildings and grading. The factors that are expected to contribute to accelerated erosion in the project area are winds and rainfall. (ii) Soil contamination. Construction activities may pose the potential for release of petroleum-based products, such as lubricants, hydraulic fluids, or fuels during their storage, transfer, or use in equipment. (iii) Spoil disposal. The subprojects of EC3, EC4, and EC5 will make use of existing buildings without any excavation activities. The excavation amounts are for 16,506 m3 (EC1), 19,526 m3 (EC2), 15,870 m3 (EC6), 42,182 m3 (EC7), 10,681 m3 (EC8), 39,454 m3 (HC1), 42,182 m3 (HC2) and 11,340 m3 (training center). Significant spoil disposal will not be required, and potential impacts will be short-term and localized. The excavated earth can be reused onsite if soil contamination prevention measures are well implemented. If the excavated earth cannot be used out onsite, the Xiangyang Urban Administration Bureau will consider earth balance of the constructions in the vicinity and designate disposal site for the spoils prior to commencement of construction.

124. The impacts on soil will be mitigated through a number of remedial measures which are defined in the EMP, which shall be defined in construction contracts and the site-EMPs, to be developed by contractors: (i) For soil erosion protection. (a) Prepare soil erosion control plan (showing how runoff will be controlled at site perimeter to control soil and water runoff, and how disturbed areas will be reclaimed; (b) minimize active open excavation areas; (c) construct intercepting ditches and drains to prevent runoff entering construction sites, and divert runoff from sites to existing drainage; (d) stabilize all earthwork disturbance areas within maximum 14 days after earthworks have ceased; and (e) properly slop and re-vegetate disturbed surface. (ii) For soil contamination prevention. (a) Store chemicals and hazardous products and waste on impermeable surfaces in secure, covered areas; (b) remove all construction wastes from the site to approved waste disposal sites; (c) provide spill cleanup measures and equipment at each construction site; and (d) conduct training in emergency spill response procedures.

2. Wastewater Management

125. Domestic wastewater. There will be 300 workers in total during peak construction period. The domestic water consumer is estimated at 30 t/d assuming per capita domestic water consumption is 100 liters per day. The domestic sewage discharge coefficient is 0.85. The main pollutants are COD, BOD5, suspended solids (SS), NH3-N, and oil. The maximum amount of sewage generated is 25.5 t/d (8,415 t/a).

126. Construction wastewater is mainly from drainage of foundation and bored pile, construction maintenance, equipment cleaning, and vehicle flushing. The main pollutants are petroleum and SS. The concentration of petroleum is about 10 to 30 mg/l. The concentration of SS can be as high as 1,000 mg/l. If such wastewater is discharged without treatment, it will block the sewers and cause damage to the sewer system in the surrounding areas. Construction wastewater will be discharged into the municipal sewage network after being settled through the temporary sedimentation tank. After pretreatment the supernatant can be reused and sprayed on the exposed topsoil to suppress dust.

3. Impacts on Air Quality

127. The pollution sources which affect the air quality during construction period mainly come from the fugitive dust generation in and around the proposed sites, the exhaust gas of transportation trunks and construction machinery (gaseous CO, CH, and NO2) and decoration.

128. The quantity of dust generated will depend on wind, humidity of the material and earth, and state of site. For the project area, it is estimated that under general onsite conditions (average wind speed 2.5 meters per second, and average humidity of 80%) dispersion distance is 100 m downwind if not taken mitigation measures. For dust generated by transporting earth and other construction materials, the impact zone may exceed 60 m each side of the route. As indicated in Table V-1, the nearest sensitive points (HUAS, grain bureau dormitory) in the vicinity of the project are located in 20 m of the project sites.

129. The following measures will be taken to control fugitive dust from the construction site: (i) Dust-prone materials such as residual soil and sand at the construction site shall be covered with dust-proof nets (cloths) and sprayed. Cement and other fine materials shall be stored in the warehouse or fully covered. The loading height of residual soil, sand, and construction waste shall not exceed the guardrail of the vehicle. (ii) Install perimeter fences at each site prior to construction. The fence shall be at 61

least 2m high. (iii) Spray water at least twice a day where fugitive dust is generated. (iv) Cover trucks carrying earth, sand or stone with tarps or other suitable covers to avoid spilling and dust generation. (v) Undertake regular air quality monitoring in around the construction site in accordance with the monitoring plan. (vi) Regularly consult the nearby residents to identify concerns and implement additional dust control measures, as necessary.

4. Impacts on Acoustic Environment

130. The major sources of noise pollution are movement of construction vehicles, the haulage of construction materials to the construction sites and the noise generating activities at the sites. Concrete mixing and material movements are the primary noise generating activities and will be uniformly distributed over the entire construction period. The noise value of the main equipment during the construction period is shown in Table V-3 and the noise value of the transport vehicle is shown in Table V-4.

Table V-3: List of Major Equipment Noise Strength during Construction Period Sound Strength Construction Stage Noise Source (dB) Drainage pipeline construction Excavators, tower cranes 78–90 Foundation construction Drill, diesel generator 75–100 Structural construction Vibrating rod, tower crane, diesel generator 75–100 Equipment installation Crane, hoist, diesel generator 68–100 Exterior wall decoration Knocking, electric drill, cutting machine 80–90

Table V-4: List of Transport Vehicle Noise Source Strength Sound Construction Stage Materials Transported Vehicle Type Strength (dB) Foundation and structural Reinforced concrete, commercial Concrete 80–90 construction concrete tanker, truck Decoration Various decoration materials and Light truck 75 necessary equipment

131. Construction activities are expected to produce noise levels in the range of 68–100 dB(A). The noise level at 5m outside the construction site is about 87 dB(A) during peak hours, and 78 dB(A) during non-peak hours. The predicted noise level without considering obstacles (such as field walls and trees, etc.) is provided in Table V-5.

Table V-5: Construction Noise Impact Prediction Results Distance (m) 5 10 20 30 40 50 80 100 110 130 150 200 Peak hours (dB(A)) 87 81 75 71 69 67 63 61 60 59 57 55 Non-peak hours (dB 78 72 66 62 60 58 54 52 51 50 48 46 (A)) Noise Emission Standard for Construction Site Boundary (GB12523-2011): 70 dB(A) during daytime and 55 dB(A) during nighttime.

132. In the peak hours, when the distance from the construction site boundary is more than 40 m, the construction noise can meet the requirement of 70 dB(A) sets out in the Noise Emission Standard for Construction Site Boundary (GB12523-2011), but it does not meet the 55 dB(A) at night. When the distance from the construction site is 200 m, the construction noise can meet the standard requirements of daytime and nighttime. Under normal circumstances, when the distance is greater than 80 m, the construction noise can meet the standard requirements of daytime and nighttime.

133. For the HUAS, there are training buildings in 20 m and residential houses in 10 m. Construction peak season shall be arranged during the school holidays to reduce the noise impact. Currently, the village and community near close to EC1 and EC2 are under demolishing due to urban development. The residents will be relocated before commencement of construction. For the EC7 and EC8 plots, there are residential houses within 100 m. The EC3, EC4, and EC5 only involves decoration activities, the noise impacts are less significant. Noise will be mitigated through a number of remedial measures which are defined in the EMP, which shall be defined in construction contracts and the site-EMPs, to be developed by contractors: (i) Maintain equipment and machinery in good working order, undertake regular equipment maintenance, and ensure compliance with the PRC standard of GB12523-2011. (ii) Operate between 0800H–2200H only and reach an agreement with implementation agencies management and nearby residents regarding the timing of heavy machinery work, to avoid any unnecessary disturbances; and nighttime works should only be conducted in exceptional cases, and a permit should be obtained for that purpose. (iii) Inform potentially affected people. including students, staff, and nearby residents in advance. (iv) Install temporary anti-noise barriers to shield school buildings where noncompliance with Category 2 in Environmental Quality Standards for Noise (GB3096-2008) is anticipated/monitored. (v) Locate sites for concrete-mixing and similar activities at least 300 m from sensitive areas, if without any mitigations. (vi) Monitor/observe noise within campus and at nearby sensitive areas at regular intervals (as defined in the monitoring plan). (vii) Seek suggestions from potentially affected sensitive receptors to reduce noise annoyance. (viii) Disseminate information on procedure of handling complaints through the GRM.

134. Noise impacts during construction would be of short duration. Potential sensitive receptors will be exposed to short-term, temporary, and localized impacts. With above mitigation measures in place, potential noise impacts during construction would be reduced to the level within the standards (GB12523-2011).

5. Solid Waste

135. Inadequate disposal of construction wastes could have adverse impacts on soil, water, and health of workers and the community. Waste streams will include inert construction and demolishing wastes (soil, debris, concrete, etc.), municipal-type wastes (construction workers’ food and packaging wastes from construction consumables), and hazardous wastes (fuel containers, oil filters, oily rags, etc.). According to the FSR, all excavated earth and stones could be used for backfilling on site. About 10–80 kg/d domestic solid waste will be produced at each project site assuming 10–80 workers are required and each worker produce 1 kg domestic solid waste per day. The construction solid waste is estimated based on building floor areas as shown in Table V-6.26 The project is estimated to produce 161 tons municipal solid waste and 6216 tons construction waste in total during construction.

26 Assuming 1 m2 floor area (steel concrete structure) will generate 0.05 tons construction solid waste for new construction subprojects and 0.025 tons for renovation subprojects. 63

Table V-6: Estimation of Solid Waste Generation during Construction Estimated amount Floor Area Estimated amount of of Municipal Solid Subproject and Plot Name (m2) Construction Waste (t) Waste (t) EC1+HC1: Zhumeng 35,013.22 1,750.661 tons from new 57.6 Hengzhuang construction and 260 tons from demolishing 2,170 m2 houses EC2: North to the No.4 12,339.67 616.9835 10.8 Middle School EC3: Grain Bureau of 2,481.27 62.03175 1.5 Xiangyang City EC4+EC5: Public rental 2,073.20 51.83 1.5 housing community in the High-tech Shenzhen Park EC6: West to the Xingguang 11,054.99 552.7495 10.8 Avenue and North to the Xiangyang Road EC7+HC2: Southeast to the 4,277.25 2,013.863 57.6 Dongjin New Town Hospital EC8: South of Jianshe Road 11,148.17 557.4085 10.8 Training Center: HUAS 13,000.00 650 10.8 Total 12,7387.80 6,515.67 161.4

136. The construction sites are situated in the urban area that covered by existing sanitation collection system. The municipal solid waste will be collected by sanitation departments and treated by Yujiahu waste to energy plant (see Figure V-1). The Yujiahu waste to energy plant has a capacity of 1,200 tons/d. The municipal solid waste generated by the project during construction is in small amount that will increase the load of the plant.

137. The main components of construction waste are soil, muck, scrap steel, scrap iron wire and various scrap steel fittings, metal pipeline scrap, waste bamboo and wood, shavings, scattered mortar and concrete, broken bricks, and broken concrete blocks. The construction waste will be sorted on site. The recyclable waste materials will be sold to recycling companies. The non-recyclable parts are transported to the slag yard designated by local construction bureaus. Each district of Xiangyang has designated a construction disposal site with area of 10 ha each (see Figure V-1).

Figure V-1: Map of Designated Construction Disposal Site of Xiangyang Urban Area

138. The transportation and disposal of construction waste shall comply with the Regulation on Construction Waste Management of Xiangyang Municipality (2020). The contractor shall prepare a construction waste disposal plan prior to construction commencement. The construction waste disposal plan shall include the following contents: (i) planned production volume and classified reduction measures of construction waste; (ii) construction waste transportation, basic information of consumption unit, transportation route, and disposal time; and (iii) construction waste transportation, special budget for disposal expenses, and information on expenditures. In addition, the following waste management and impact mitigation measures have been defined in the EMP, which shall be defined in construction contracts and the site-EMPs, to be developed by contractors: (i) Maximize reuse/recycling of construction and deconstruction wastes (e.g., iron, bricks, windows, doors, steel bars, etc.). (ii) Provide appropriate waste storage containers for workers’ municipal garbage and hazardous wastes. (iii) Install confined storage points of solid wastes away from sensitive receptors, and regularly haul to an approved disposal site. (iv) Use licensed contractors to remove wastes from the construction sites. (v) Prohibit burning of waste.

6. Impacts on Flora and Fauna

139. Field investigations have established that there are no threatened or endangered flora and fauna species within the project’s direct area of influence. The current land uses are open space. Therefore, no adverse impact on such species is likely to occur during the construction activities. All sites will be re-vegetated after construction.

7. Loss of Physical Cultural Resources

140. Xiangyang is a historic city. The proposed site of Xiangyang Grain Bureau plot is 65 located within the Xiangyang ancient city but outside the approved purple line. This subproject will renovate the existing office building of Xiangyang Grain Bureau built in 1986 and does not involve historic heritage. There is no record of important heritage or archaeological sites on the 11 subproject facilities. Contractors will be required to establish chance-find procedure for physical cultural resources. If a new site is unearthed, work will be stopped, and the IA and local cultural relics bureau notified.

8. Risks to Community Health and Safety

141. Construction sites will be located close to existing buildings and residential areas, representing a potential risk to public health and safety, especially to students and staff. This risk will be mitigated through a number of measures defined in the EMP, which shall be defined in construction contracts and the site-EMPs, to be developed by contractors: (i) Prepare traffic control plan within and around campuses during construction, to be approved by institutions’ management, and local traffic management administration before the startup of construction. The plan shall include provisions for diverting or scheduling construction traffic to avoid peak traffic hours, main teaching activities, such as exams, and regulating traffic at road crossings with an emphasis on ensuring public safety through clear signage. (ii) Designate staff members to control traffic during peak hours. (iii) Ensure that all sites are secure, discouraging access through appropriate fencing; place clear signs at construction sites in view of the people at risk (including students, staff, and nearby communities), warning people of potential dangers such as moving vehicles, hazardous materials, excavations, and raising awareness on safety issues. (iv) Return machinery to its overnight storage area/position. (v) In collaboration with the institutions’ management, hold a public meeting prior to commencing construction to discuss issues associated with ensuring the safety of students and staff, as well as nearby communities in the vicinity of the construction site.

9. Occupational Health and Safety

142. The leading safety hazards on site are falls from height, excavation accidents, electrocution, and being hit by falling objects. The following measures have been defined in the EMP to ensure high level of occupational health and safety, which shall be defined in construction contracts and the site-EMPs, to be developed by contractors: (i) Appoint one staff to implement and supervise the implementation of the site- EMP and the performance of subcontractors. (ii) Provide safe supply of clean water and an adequate number of latrines and other sanitary arrangements at the site and work areas, and ensure that they are cleaned and maintained in a hygienic state. (iii) Provide garbage receptacles at construction site. (iv) Provide personal protective equipment for workers in accordance with relevant health and safety regulations. (v) Develop an emergency response plan to take actions on accidents and emergencies; document and report occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents; and organize fully equipped first-aid base at each construction site. (vi) Establish records management system that will store and maintain easily retrievable records on occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents. (vii) Train all construction workers in basic sanitation and hygiene issues, general health in basic sanitation and hygiene issues, general health and safety matters, and on the specific hazards of their work. (viii) Posters drawing attention to onsite safety, rescue, and industrial health

regulations shall be made or obtained from the appropriate sources and will be displayed prominently in relevant areas of the site.

10. Utilities Provision Interruption

143. At the construction sites, construction activities may require relocation of local municipal utilities such as power, water, sewers, and communication cables. Contractors will be required to assess potential disruption to services and identify risks before starting construction. If temporary disruption is unavoidable, contractors will develop a plan to minimize the disruption and communicate the dates and duration in advance to all affected people, in conjunction with the institution management.

E. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase

1. Wastewater Management

144. The domestic sewage mainly includes the administrative management and medical staff of the project facilities, the flushing water generated by the elderly housing, the washing water, the shower water, the kitchen oily wastewater, etc. The main pollutants are CODCr, BOD5, SS, NH3-N, and vegetable oil, etc. Central air conditioning cooling water will be recycled. Medical sewage mainly includes wastewater discharged from medical treatment rooms. The pollutants contained in medical sewage mainly include CODCr, BOD5, SS, NH3-N, and microorganisms such as bacteria and pathogens.

145. The wastewater generated is calculated as 80% of water consumption. Water consumption of the proposed project is estimated according to the water quota in the Code for Design of General Hospitals (GB51039-2014) and the Code for Design of Building Water Supply and Drainage (GB 50015-2003 (2009 Edition)). The wastewater generation of each subproject is summarized in Table V-7. (i) Municipal wastewater. The wastewater from elderly care facilities cannot be connected directly to the municipal WWTP since onsite pretreatment is needed which allows the WWTP to function most efficiently. This will be achieved by a period of anaerobic digestion of the wastewater solids in a septic tank. The wastewater from canteen will be pretreated by oil trapper. The pretreatment tank is impermeable with no seepage function, and with internal facility monitoring on its operation and maintenance (O&M). After this the sewage will be piped to existing centralized municipal WWTP for complete treatment. The volumes of wastewater produced by the facilities can be easily met through the existing municipal wastewater treatment services. (ii) Medical wastewater. The medical wastewater from the two secondary-level hospitals (HC1 and HC2) will be pretreated by onsite medical wastewater treatment station to the standard of Sewage Control Standard for Medical Institutions (GB18466-2005) then discharges into the municipal sewage network. The medical wastewater treatment station uses the process of screen, regulation tank, sedimentation, and chlorine dioxide disinfection to treat medical wastewater. The hospitals at Zhumeng Hengzhuang Community plot (HC1) and Dongjin New Town plot (HC2) will be installed with 120 m3/d and 150 m3/d onsite medical wastewater treatment facilities, respectively. After disinfected, the treated sewage will be piped to existing centralized municipal WWTPs for complete treatment. The facility operator shall establish routine maintenance program and provide regular on-the-job training to the workers.

Table V-7: Wastewater Generation and Treatment of each Subproject during Operation Other Canteen Domestic Medical Wastewater Wastewater Wastewater Subtotal Connecting Subproject and Plot Name (103 t/a) (103 t/a) (103 t/a) (103 t/a) to EC1: Zhumeng 4.72 12.01 0 Yuliangzhou 16.73 Hengzhuang Community WWTP HC1: Zhumeng 0 16.10 19.48 Yuliangzhou 35.58 Hengzhuang Community WWTP EC2: North to the No.4 2.49 14.60 0 Guanyinge 17.09 Middle School WWTP EC3: Grain Bureau of 0.66 2.88 0 Guanyinge 3.54 Xiangyang City WWTP EC4+EC5: Public rental 0.76 3.95 0 Yuliangzhou housing community in the 4.71 WWTP High tech Shenzhen Park EC6: West to the 2.40 13.86 0 Guanyinge Xingguang Avenue and WWTP 16.26 North to the Xiangyang Road EC7: Southeast to the 7.13 20.97 0 Dongjin 28.1 Dongjin New Town Hospital WWTP HC2: Southeast to the 0 17.74 28.39 Dongjin 46.13 Dongjin New Town Hospital WWTP EC8: South of Jianshe 2.13 12.71 0 Yuliangzhou 14.84 Road WWTP Training Center: HUAS 11.32 18.90 0 Guanyinge 30.22 WWTP HUAS = Hubei University of Arts and Science, WWTP = wastewater treatment plant.

2. Impact on Air Quality

146. The main sources of air pollution during the operation period include cooking fume from canteen, parking lot exhaust, and smell from sewage treatment station.

147. Cooking fumes from canteen. The TEIA estimated the fume emission rate assuming the average per capita consumption of animal and vegetable oil of 0.15 kg/d and the canteen operated 6 hours per day (see Table V-8). After purification by the cooking fume purification system with more than 85% purification efficiency, the discharge concentration is low to 2 mg/m3, which can meet the requirements of Standard of Dietetic Fume Emission (Trial) (GB18483-2001).

Table V-8: Estimation of Fume Emissions Fume Fume (kg/d) Emission Canteen Before After Rate Subproject and Plot Name Capacity treatment treatment (kg/h) EC1+HC1: Zhumeng Hengzhuang 608 3.65 0.55 0.09 EC2: North to the No.4 Middle 238 1.43 0.21 0.04 School EC3: Grain Bureau of Xiangyang 85 0.51 0.08 0.01 City EC4+EC5: Public rental housing 98 0.59 0.09 0.01 community in the High tech Shenzhen Park EC6: West to the Xingguang 309 1.85 0.28 0.05

Fume Fume (kg/d) Emission Canteen Before After Rate Subproject and Plot Name Capacity treatment treatment (kg/h) Avenue and North to the Xiangyang Road EC7+HC2: Southeast to the Dongjin 919 5.51 0.83 0.14 New Town Hospital EC8: South of Jianshe Road 195 1.17 0.18 0.03 Training Center: HUAS 1,460 8.76 1.31 0.22 HUAS = Hubei University of Arts and Science.

148. Exhaust gas from the parking lot. The underground garage will be equipped with mechanical ventilation. The air exchange frequency is more than 6 times/h through special exhaust vent. The pollutant emission concentration of underground garage involved in this project can be controlled within the limit standard of Table 2 of Integrated Emission Standard for Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996).

Table V-9: Estimation of Exhaust Gas Emissions from Underground Garage Pollutant Emission Capacity of Underground (mg/m3) Subproject and Plot Name Parking Lots (cars) CO HC NO EC1+HC1: Zhumeng Hengzhuang 300 5.30 0.137 0.069 EC2: North to the No.4 Middle School 92 1.62 0.042 0.021 EC3: Grain Bureau of Xiangyang City No underground parking lot. There is one ground parking lot nearly 30 meters away on the south side. The exhaust gas is small and easy to spread under in open place. EC4+EC5: Public rental housing No underground parking lot. community in the High tech Shenzhen Park EC6: West to the Xingguang Avenue and 55 0.99 0.026 0.013 North to the Xiangyang Road EC7+HC2: Southeast to the Dongjin New 204 3.60 0.093 0.047 Town Hospital EC8: South of Jianshe Road 46 0.81 0.021 0.011 Training Center: HUAS No underground parking lot. HUAS = Hubei University of Arts and Science.

149. Odor from the sewage treatment station. The two secondary-level hospitals (HC1 and HC2) are installed with onsite medical wastewater treatment facilities. In the operation of the sewage treatment equipment, the odor pollutants are produced by the metabolism of microorganisms, protozoa, and micelles that can be a nuisance to workers and the surrounding community. The main components are NH3 and H2S, and the emission form is unorganized. The concentrations of NH3 and H2S from Hengmeng Zhuangyuan plot and Dongjin New Town plot are predicted (Table V-10 and 11) using the AERSCREEN Model recommended in the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment-Atmospheric Environment (HJ2.2-2018).

150. According to the prediction results, the concentrations of NH3 and H2S at downwind direction are very small and can meet the limits stipulated in the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment-Atmospheric Environment (HJ2.2-2018) (0.01 mg/m3 for 3 H2S and 0.2 mg/m for NH3). The odors will contain virus and bacteria that are harmful to humans. The regulation tank and aeration tank of the sewage treatment stations shall be covered.

Table V-10: Predicted Pollutant Diffusion Results of HC1

Distance to NH3 H2S the pollution source (downwind Predicted Ratio to the Predicted Ratio to the direction) Concentration (mg/m3) Standard (%) Concentration (mg/m3) Standard (%) 10 0.000895 0.45 0.000333 3.33 22 0.001337 0.67 0.000497 4.97 100 0.000423 0.21 0.000157 1.57 100 0.000423 0.21 0.000157 1.57 200 0.000128 0.07 4.75E-05 0.48 300 6.29E-05 0.03 2.33E-05 0.23 400 3.8E-05 0.02 1.41E-05 0.14 500 2.59E-05 0.01 9.68E-06 0.10 600 1.91E-05 0.01 7.09E-06 0.07 700 1.48E-05 0.01 5.52E-06 0.05 800 0.000012 0.01 4.45E-06 0.05 900 9.89E-06 0.01 3.68E-06 0.03 1,000 8.39E-06 0.01 3.13E-06 0.03 1,100 7.23E-06 0.01 2.71E-06 0.03 1,200 6.34E-06 0.01 2.37E-06 0.02 1,300 5.64E-06 0 2.1E-06 0.02 1,400 5.05E-06 0 1.89E-06 0.02 1,500 4.57E-06 0 1.7E-06 0.02 1,600 4.16E-06 0 1.54E-06 0.02 1,700 3.8E-06 0 1.42E-06 0.01 1,800 3.5E-06 0 1.3E-06 0.01 1,900 3.25E-06 0 1.21E-06 0.01 2,000 3.02E-06 0 1.12E-06 0.01 2,100 2.83E-06 0 1.05E-06 0.01 2,200 2.65E-06 0 9.82E-07 0.01 2,300 2.49E-06 0 9.27E-07 0.01 2,400 2.35E-06 0 8.73E-07 0.01 2,500 2.22E-06 0 8.25E-07 0.01 Maximum 0.001337 0.67 0.000497 4.97 concentration

Table V-11: Predicted Pollutant Diffusion Results of HC2 Distance to NH3 H2S the pollution source (downwind Predicted Ratio to the Predicted Ratio to the direction) Concentration (mg/m3) Standard (%) Concentration (mg/m3) Standard (%) 10 0.001313 0.66 0.000488 4.88 22 0.001961 0.98 0.000729 7.29

Distance to NH3 H2S the pollution source (downwind Predicted Ratio to the Predicted Ratio to the direction) Concentration (mg/m3) Standard (%) Concentration (mg/m3) Standard (%) 100 0.00062 0.31 0.00023 2.30 100 0.00062 0.31 0.00023 2.30 200 0.000188 0.10 6.97E-05 0.70 300 9.22E-05 0.04 3.41E-05 0.34 400 5.57E-05 0.03 2.07E-05 0.21 500 0.000038 0.02 1.42E-05 0.14 600 0.000028 0.02 1.04E-05 0.10 700 2.17E-05 0.01 8.09E-06 0.08 800 1.76E-05 0.01 6.52E-06 0.07 900 1.45E-05 0.01 5.4E-06 0.05 1,000 1.23E-05 0.01 4.59E-06 0.04 1,100 1.06E-05 0.01 3.97E-06 0.04 1,200 9.3E-06 0.01 3.47E-06 0.03 1,300 8.27E-06 0 3.08E-06 0.03 1,400 7.41E-06 0 2.77E-06 0.03 1,500 6.7E-06 0 2.49E-06 0.03 1,600 6.1E-06 0 2.26E-06 0.03 1,700 5.58E-06 0 2.08E-06 0.02 1,800 5.14E-06 0 1.91E-06 0.02 1,900 4.77E-06 0 1.77E-06 0.02 2,000 4.43E-06 0 1.64E-06 0.02 2,100 4.15E-06 0 1.54E-06 0.02 2,200 3.89E-06 0 1.44E-06 0.02 2,300 3.65E-06 0 1.36E-06 0.02 2,400 3.44E-06 0 1.28E-06 0.01 2,500 3.26E-06 0 1.21E-06 0.01 Maximum 0.001961 0.98 0.000729 7.29 concentration

151. Indoor air quality of the interior of the buildings respect to emission of VOC such as benzene and formaldehyde from decorative items and furniture in new buildings especially during the first 6 months of occupancy has been already considered during design stage. Indoor air quality will be monitored for the new building for assessing suitability for occupancy.

3. Noise

152. The noise source during the operation period of the project mainly comes from the central air conditioner, underground parking lot fan and the aerator noise of the sewage treatment station, such as various pumps and fans, and traffic noise from vehicle entering and leaving the elderly care nursing centers and hospitals.

Table V-12: Noise Level and Mitigation Measures

Sound source Noise Source strength Mounting Name (dB (A)) locations Measures to be taken to reduce noise Air conditioner 70–80 Underground room Low noise products, the use of flexible or roof joints, indoor placement, underground installation, sound insulation, muffler, vibration reduction, and distance attenuation Ventilation 70–75 Underground Low noise products, the use of flexible garage joints, indoor placement, foundation damping, and duct installation muffler Water supply 80–85 Basement Indoor placement, foundation damping, Pump and indoor insulation Sewage 80–90 Sewage treatment Underground placement, foundation treatment room (only HC1 damping, and indoor insulation station aeration and HC2) Car driving 66.2–85 Internal road Speed limit driving and prohibition of sirens

153. The noise level prediction results (see Table V-13) indicated that after taking these measures, the operation of project facilities will not cause significant increase of noise. The noise level at project site boundary can satisfy with the Noise Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Boundary (GB 22337-2008).

Table V-13: Predicted Noise Level at Site Boundary during Operation Subproject East South West North and Plot Name Period Day Night Day Night Day Night Day Night EC1+HC1: Background 52.0 41.4 49.3 43.5 47.4 43.1 55.1 45.3 Zhumeng Contribution 32.7 27.9 26.7 21.4 Hengzhuang Cumulated 52.0 41.5 49.3 43.5 47.4 43.1 55.1 45.3 EC2: North Background 43.0 40.0 43.4 40.7 46.2 37.9 50.7 46.5 to the No.4 Contribution 26.3 20.4 14.3 15.7 Middle Cumulated 43.0 40.1 43.4 40.7 46.2 37.9 50.7 46.6 School EC3: Grain Background 48.1 41.8 49.3 43.1 47.9 42.0 47.8 42.4 Bureau of Contribution 16.0 17.5 33.0 22.8 Xiangyang Cumulated 48.1 41.8 49.3 43.1 48.0 42.1 47.8 42.4 City EC4+EC5: Background 47.7 38.1 47.1 41.4 46.7 40.3 47.2 39.3 Public rental Contribution 31.7 12.9 25.2 20.2 housing Cumulated 47.7 38.3 47.1 41.4 46.7 40.3 47.2 39.3 community in the High tech Shenzhen Park EC6: West Background 47.2 39.9 53.7 45.4 44.7 39.6 47.0 40.1 to the Contribution 20.2 13.7 13.4 19.8 Xingguang Cumulated 47.2 39.9 53.7 45.4 44.7 39.6 47.0 40.1 Avenue and North to the Xiangyang Road EC7+HC2: Background 48.6 41.9 51.0 39.0 56.0 42.6 46.8 41.7

Subproject East South West North and Plot Name Period Day Night Day Night Day Night Day Night Southeast to Contribution 18.8 28.8 19.3 18.6 the Dongjin Cumulated 48.6 41.9 51.0 39.0 56.0 42.6 46.8 41.7 New Town Hospital EC8: South Background 46.8 42.8 49.9 44.2 50.0 46.4 47.3 40.1 of Jianshe Contribution 21.9 13.0 22.9 29.8 Road Cumulated 46.8 42.8 49.9 44.2 50.0 46.5 47.4 40.3 Training Background 42.7 40.6 44.4 41.9 43.7 39.3 42.8 38.5 Center: Contribution 26.3 15.6 18.2 35.0 HUAS Cumulated 42.7 40.6 44.4 41.9 43.7 39.3 42.9 38.7 HUAS = Hubei University of Arts and Science.

4. Solid Waste Management

154. The solid waste generated during the operation period of the project mainly includes general solid waste and hazardous waste. The general solid waste is mainly domestic garbage, and the hazardous waste is mainly medical waste generated during the diagnosis and treatment process and medical waste treatment station sludge at the two secondary-level hospitals. The solid waste generation is summarized in Table V-14. According to the Manual of the First National Pollution Source Census of Urban Living Sources Discharge Coefficient, the amount of medical waste generated in inpatient wards is calculated at 0.5kg / bed per day. The kitchen waste and other domestic solid waste are estimated at 0.5 kg/person respectively.

Table V-14: Solid Waste Generation of each Subproject during Operation Municipal Medical Number Solid Waste Waste Sludge Subproject and Plot Name of staff Beds (t/a) (t/a) (t/a) EC1: Zhumeng Hengzhuang 262 194 158.79 3.54 HC1: Zhumeng Hengzhuang 346 150 0 27.38 23.72 EC2: North to the No.4 Middle School 321 238 117.16 4.34 0 EC3: Grain Bureau of Xiangyang City 85 65 31.02 1.19 0 EC4+EC5: Public rental housing 98 72 35.78 1.31 0 community in the High-tech Shenzhen Park EC6: West to the Xingguang Avenue 309 224 112.78 4.09 0 and North to the Xiangyang Road EC7: Southeast to the Dongjin New 413 304 243.09 5.55 0 Town Hospital HC2: Southeast to the Dongjin New 506 220 92.35 40.15 30.75 Town Hospital EC8: South of Jianshe Road 274 195 100.02 3.56 Training Center: HUAS 1,460 0 532.9 0 0 Total 4,074 1,662 1,423.89 91.11 54.47

155. Hazardous waste. According to the National Hazardous Waste List, medical waste and sludge from hospital are classified as hazardous waste (HW01). The project facilities will generate 91.11 tons medical waste and 54.47 tons sludge yearly. The medical waste shall be managed in accordance with the Medical Waste Management Regulation (2003).

156. The medical waste shall be packed in accordance with the requirements of Standard on Packaging, Container and Warning Labels for Hospital Wastes for sorting and collection. Disinfection is carried out on the same day before packing. WBG EHS Guidelines also recommend measures on medical waste management:

Onsite Handling, Collection, Transport, and Storage: (i) Seal and replace waste bags and containers when they are approximately three- quarters full. Full bags and containers should be replaced immediately. (ii) Identify and label waste bags and containers properly prior to removal. (iii) Transport waste to storage areas on designated trolleys/carts, which should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. (iv) Waste storage areas should be located within the facility and sized to the quantities of waste generated, with the following design considerations: (a) Hard, impermeable floor with drainage, and designed for cleaning/disinfection with available water supply secured by locks with restricted access. (b) Designed for access and regular cleaning by authorized cleaning staff and vehicles. (c) Protected from sun and inaccessible to animals/rodents. (d) Equipped with appropriate lighting and ventilation. (e) Segregated from food supplies and preparation areas. (f) Equipped with supplies of protective clothing, and spare bags/containers. (v) Unless refrigerated storage is possible, storage times between generation and treatment of waste should not exceed the following: (a) Temperate climate: 72 hours in winter, 48 hours in summer. (b) Warm climate: 48 hours during cool season, 24 hours during hot season. (vi) Store mercury separately in sealed and impermeable containers in a secure location. (vii) Store cytotoxic waste separately from other waste in a secure location. Store radioactive waste in containers to limit dispersion, and secure behind lead shields.

Transport to External Facilities: (i) Transport waste destined for off-site facilities according to the guidelines for transport of hazardous wastes/dangerous goods in the General EHS Guidelines. (ii) Transport packaging for infectious waste should include an inner, watertight layer of metal or plastic with a leak-proof seal. (iii) Outer packaging should be of adequate strength and capacity for the specific type and volume of waste. (iv) Packaging containers for sharps should be puncture-proof. (v) Waste should be labeled appropriately, noting the substance class, packaging symbol (e.g., infectious waste,), waste category, mass/volume, place of origin within hospital, and final destination. (vi) Transport vehicles should be dedicated to waste and the vehicle compartments carrying waste sealed.

157. Medical waste temporarily stored in special storage room cannot be more than 2 days. The IA shall entrust Xiangyang Wanqingyuan Environmental Protection Co., Ltd. to carry out the collection and disposal work. During transferring of the hazardous wastes, the provisions of the Management Methods for Transferring Hazardous Waste shall be strictly implemented, and the hazardous waste transfer joint form (triple list) shall be filled out.

158. Xiangyang Wanqingyuan Environmental Protection Co., Ltd. is the largest certificated medical waste treatment service provider. It has capacity of 4,000 t/d. The actual treatment amount is about 3,271.7 tons in 2019 that it has adequate capacity to receive the medical waste generated by the project facilities.

159. The septic tank sludge shall be disposed by a qualified unit after being treated with lime and disinfected. Sludge disposal shall strictly follow the provisions of Sewage Control Standard for Medical Institutions (GB18466-2005) to ensure that no pollution is caused to the surrounding environment.

160. General municipal solid waste. It is estimated that 1,423.89 tons municipal solid waste will be generated from the project facilities in total. The municipal solid waste will be collected and transported by local sanitation department then handled by Yujiahu waste to energy plant. The Yujiahu waste to energy plant has a capacity of 1,200 t/d. The municipal solid waste generated by the project during operation is in small amount that will increase the load of the plant.

5. Occupational and Community Health and Safety

161. The risks that will affect occupational and community health and safety during operation are mainly from (i) failure of onsite medical wastewater treatment, (ii) chlorine dioxide will be used for disinfection—there is risk of chlorine dioxide leakage, (iii) risk-related to storage and usage of oxygen in the hospitals (HC1 and HC2), and (iv) exposure to infections and disease.

162. The following measures will be taken to control the risks: (i) In the event of medical wastewater treatment operation failure, the untreated wastewater will be stored in the regulation tank temporarily; dosing disinfection agents manually in time to prevent infectious wastewater entering into the municipal sewage network. (ii) The main equipment, such as fans, pumps, sludge valves, disinfection device shall be backed up and the power supply system should be dual-loop. (iii) Strengthen training for the medical wastewater treatment facility operators. (iv) Oxygen is strictly prohibited to contact with grease, fireworks, and other flammable and explosive products. (v) The storage of oxygen must be far away from the fire source and equipped with fire-fighting facilities, and there should be fire prohibition signs outdoors. (vi) Oxygen storage, use, transportation, and storage are strictly prohibited from collision to avoid explosion. (vii) The equipment installation, commissioning, and maintenance of the oxygen supply room must be carried out by trained technical personnel or a special maintenance company. Other personnel are not allowed to enter without permission. (viii) Measures to control chlorine leakage risk include: wear self-priming filter gas masks (full cover) and rubber glove, keep away from flammable and combustible materials, the technical staff shall be trained and following the operation instructions, keep good ventilation in the workplace, avoid contact with reducing agents, and equip with leakage emergency treatment equipment. (ix) Formulate an exposure control plan for infectious disease, provide working staff and visitors with information on infection control policies and procedures, establish standard precautions to treat all blood and other potentially infectious materials with appropriate precautions, and set up isolation room with protective equipment and good ventilation in case of epidemics.

163. Traffic safety. In addition, the operation of project facilities may result in an increase of traffic-related accidents and injuries to working staff, elderly people, and local communities. The incidence of road accidents could be minimized through: (i) education and awareness- raising to the working staff and elderly people, (ii) planning and segregating the people flow and vehicle flow, and (iii) and setting up speed limits in entering and exiting the project facilities.

164. Emergency preparedness and response. Establish preparedness plan and operation plan under emergency conditions, such as fire, flood, earthquake, wind, storm, water contamination, epidemic, air contamination, infestation, explosion, etc., to ensure a safe environment for all elderly people, faculty, staff, and visitors. 75

VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

A. No Project Alternative

165. As mentioned in Section III, Xiangyang Municipality has been facing significant population aging. Its total population increased only by 2.8% from 2010 to 2017. Meanwhile, the elderly population aged 65 years and above increased by 21% from 2010 to 2017. There were more than 565,000 elderly people and the aging rate already reached 10% in Xiangyang Municipality in 2017. Such substantial differences in the increase rate between the total and elderly populations indicate that the traditional family support systems for elderly people have substantially weakened. In fact, the average number of family members in a household was 3.15 in 2015, which is smaller than that of Singapore (3.35 in 2016) and getting close to that of Japan (2.47 in 2016), the world’s most aging society. It has become critically challenging for many families to provide the needed care for their elderly family members in Xiangyang Municipality. The “No Project” alternative would be shortage of elderly care facilities and the potential socioeconomic benefits of implementation of this project will not be achieved so that the “No Project” alternative is not considered.

B. Alternatives Considered

166. Site selection. The sites selected consider the following elements: (i) flat terrain; (ii) not in natural disaster-prone areas; (iii) convenient transportation; (iv) give priority to areas with relatively large population of elderly people and close to medical institutions; (v) away from sources of pollution; (vi) away from expressways and areas with heavy traffic flow; and (vi) access to public utilities, such as power supply, sewage collection, solid waste collection, etc. The sites were selected from more than 100 alternative sites that are in compliance with the above requirements, city master plan and Special Plan for Elderly Care Facilities in Central Urban Area (2018–2035).

167. Alternative of design scheme. After design review, an optional design scheme is proposed by the TRTA architecture for the plot at west to Xingguan Avenue and north to Xiangyang Road (EC6). The original design (option A) and TRTA recommended design (option B) are indicated in Figure IV-1. It can be seen from Table VI-1 that option A requires less land but option B has more green land. In addition, all rooms of option A are facing to the south that can better use natural light and ventilation. Therefore, option B is selected.

Option A Option B Figure VI-1: Comparison of Layout for Plot at West to the Xingguang Avenue and North to the Xiangyang Road (EC6)

Table VI-1: Comparison of Options for Plot at West to the Xingguang Avenue and North to the Xiangyang Road (EC6) No. Item Option A Option B 1 Site area 4,790.7 m2 8,413.44 m2 2 Floor area 10,316.68 m2 11,054.99 m2 Including 2.1 Ground floor area 7,962.48 m2 7,563.15 m2 2.2 Underground floor area 2,354.2 m2 3,491.84 m2 3 Building coverage 33.1% 17.64 % 4 Floor area ratio 1.7 0.9 5 Green land ratio 31.1% 39.86% 6 Parking 60 69 cars Including -Ground 8 14 cars -Underground 52 55 cars 77

VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

A. Legislative Framework for Public Consultation and Information Disclosure

168. Meaningful public participation and consultation in the evaluation of project planning, feasibility study, design, and implementation are an important environmental safeguards’ requirement; it can directly reflect the public’s perceptions on environmental quality in the project’s area of influence.

169. Asian Development Bank requirements. ADB’s (2009) has specific requirements for information disclosure and public consultation. Relevant information, including those documented in environmental assessment reports, should be provided in a place, language, and form that are accessible and understandable to affected people and other stakeholders. This process shall commence early in the project cycle and continues throughout the life of the project. To make key documents widely available to the general public, ADB requires that the borrower/client submit the following documents for disclosure on ADB’s website:

Category A projects: (i) Draft EIA – at least 120 days prior to ADB Board consideration, and/or environmental assessment and review framework before project appraisal, where applicable. (ii) Final EIA upon receipt. (iii) Supplementary reports, if required during project implementation. (iv) Corrective action plan/s (for major noncompliance, if any) prepared during project implementation. (v) Environmental monitoring reports.

Category B projects: (i) Final IEE (upon receipt or Board approval, whichever is earlier). (ii) A new or updated IEE, if required during project implementation. (iii) Corrective action plan/s (for major noncompliance, if any) prepared during project implementation. (iv) Environmental monitoring reports.

170. The proposed project is classified as environmental Category B. the relevant disclosure requirements for Category B is applied.

171. The SPS (2009) requires the borrower/client carry out meaningful consultation with affected people and other concerned stakeholders, including civil society, and facilitate their informed participation. Meaningful consultation is a process that (i) begins early in the project preparation stage, and is carried out on an ongoing basis throughout the project cycle; (ii) provides timely disclosure of relevant and adequate information that is understandable and readily accessible to affected people; (iii) is undertaken in an atmosphere free of intimidation or coercion; (iv) is gender inclusive and responsive, and tailored to the needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups; and (v) enables the incorporation of all relevant views of affected people and other stakeholders into decision making, such as project design, mitigation measures, the sharing of development benefits and opportunities, and implementation issues. Consultation will be carried out in a manner commensurate with the impacts on affected communities. The consultation process and its results are to be documented and reflected in the environmental assessment report.

172. PRC requirements. The Environmental Protection Law of the PRC (2015) requires that for project that shall compile an EIA report, the construction unit shall solicit the opinions of the public that might be affected by the project during EIA preparation. After receiving the EIA report of the project, the department in charge of examining and approving the EIA

78 document of the construction project shall disclose the full text except for matters involving state secrets and commercial secrets. The Measures for Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment (2018, Ministry of Ecology and Environment) provides technical guidance on the procedures of public consultation during EIA preparation.

173. The consultation process for this project therefore shall follow both the ADB and PRC requirements.

B. Information Disclosure to Date

174. Two rounds of information disclosure for the proposed project were conducted by the IA through the website of IA, which are illustrated in Figure VII-1 and Figure VII- 2 in Chinese.

175. The first round of information disclosure was conducted by the IA beginning 8 January 2020 after entrusting the EIA institute. The information disclosed include (i) the name and major content of the project, (ii) contact of the IA, (iii) name and contact of the EIA institute, (iv) internet link of the public comment form, and (v) ways of submitting the public comment form. The second round of information disclosure was undertaken on 26 April 2020 when the draft FSR and TEIA were available. The contacts of IA and EIA institute, major findings of the IEE and TEIA, and proposed mitigation measures were disclosed to the public. The public can submit comments to the IA and/or EIA institute in the process of TEIA preparation. No comments were received as of May 2020.

https://www.hjgtjt.com/content/detail_40_771.html Figure VII-1: First Round Information Disclosure via IA’s Website 79

https://www.hjgtjt.com/content/detail_40_832.html Figure VII-2: Second Round Information Disclosure via IA’s Website

C. Public Consultation to Date

176. A total of 50 questionnaires were distributed by the IA with support of the EIA institute and TRTA consultant to potential affected persons from different age groups and educational backgrounds and project affected organizations (Figure VII-3 and Table VII-1) in January 2020. Of these, 50 questionnaires were returned with a return rate of 100%. The survey result is summarized in Table VII-2).

Table VII-1: Respondents of Questionnaire Survey Item Number Percentage (%) Pie Chart Gender Male 28 61 Woman

18 39

Degree Bachelor Degree or 16 35 above High School 14 30 Junior School 11 24

Item Number Percentage (%) Pie Chart Primary School

5 11

Occupation Farmer 5 11 Company 7 15 employee Others

34 74

Age <20 7 15 21–40 22 48 41–60 13 28 Above 60

4 9

Groups Wangzhai Street Office of Xiangcheng District; Shijiamiao Community of Xiangcheng consulted District; Zhaojiaxiang Community, Hanjiang Street of Fancheng District; Zhongye Huaya Construction Group Co., Ltd.

Figure VII-3: Questionnaire Survey Coverage

177. Before the survey, only 18% of respondents have heard about the project. As part of the questionnaire process information was provided introducing and describing the project, its potential environmental impact and relevant mitigation measures, and the purpose of the public consultation. The most concerns during construction are noise (40%) and solid waste (40%) generated by the construction activities. During operation, the most concerns are noise 81

(16%) and medical waste (16%). 66% of the respondents are satisfied with the mitigation measures proposed in the IEE and TEIA. The remaining are not sure. In general, 76% of respondents expressed support to the project.

Table VII-2: Results of Questionnaire Survey No. of Percentage No. Question Options Respondents (%) Pie Chart 1 Yes 9 18 Don’t know 10 20 much about Did you hear about this project before this consultation No 31 62

2 0 m–50 m 8 16 What is the 50 m–100 m 12 24 approximate distance between your current residence or work and More than 30 60 study place from the 100 m project site?

3 Good 19 38 Normal 26 52 Are you satisfied with the current environmental status of your place of Bad 5 10 residence?

4 Water 3 6 pollution What do you consider Air pollution 7 14 Ecological the major 3 6 environmental issues deterioration in the project area? Noise 11 22 Solid waste 8 16 No 18 36 5 Dust 4 8 Wastewater 4 8 Which of the following Noise 20 40 will be the major Solid waste 20 40 environmental issues during construction? Unknown 2 4

6 Odor 4 8 Wastewater 5 10 Which of the following Noise 8 16 Medical will be the major 8 16 environmental issues waste during operation? Unknown 25 50

7 The TEIA and IEE Not satisfied 0 0 have proposed Not sure 17 34

No. of Percentage No. Question Options Respondents (%) Pie Chart measures to mitigate the negative environmental impacts (see the introduction section of this Satisfied 33 66 questionnaire). Are you satisfied with the measures described?

8 Promoting local economic 8 16 developmen t More job What do you think is opportunitie 24 48 the main impact of the s project on the local Improving economy and society? the local 9 18 (Multiple choice) investment climate Improve local 4 8 infrastructur e Other 13 26 9 Support 38 76 Not support 0 0

What is your attitude towards this project? Don’t mind 12 24

10 Do you have any other comments towards the During construction, the construction waste shall be cleaned up timely. proposed project? Please specify. IEE = initial environmental examination, TEIA = tabular environmental impact assessment.

D. Future Information Disclosure and Public Consultation

178. Information disclosure and public consultation relating to environment safeguards will continue throughout project implementation. The project’s environmental information will be disclosed by the local EEB and ADB as follows: (i) The project IEE will be disclosed on the project website at https://www.adb.org/. (ii) The TEIA will be disclosed on the website of Xiangyang EEB at http://sthjj.xiangyang.gov.cn/. (iii) All environmental monitoring reports during project implementation will be available at https://www.adb.org/. (iv) The project information and GRM entry points will be disclosed on the information board of each construction site.

179. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was at the end of January 2020. As of 5 May 2020, there were 68,128 confirmed cases in Hubei Province and 4,512 deaths, of which 1,175 83 confirmed cases were in Xiangyang City. Hubei Province declared Level I emergency response—the highest level for public health emergency on 24 January 2020. Public meetings and face-to-face surveys have been strictly prohibited since then. XPMO will hold public meetings with support of the LIEC prior to construction to discuss the EMP, project activities, and issues associated with the safety of nearby communities in the vicinity of the construction sites once the health and disease control authority lift the emergency response level.

180. The measures to address the public concerns will be incorporated into the updated EMP and final design, if necessary. An indicative consultation plan was developed (Table VII- 3) to instruct XPMO to organize meaningful consultation throughout project implementation.

Table VII-3: Public Consultation Plan Organizer Format No. of Times Subject Attendees Pre-construction phase XPMO and Public Once before Introduce the project Residents HPMO consultation construction activities, proposed adjacent to workshop and commences mitigation measures, entry subproject sites site visit points of the GRM (Table V-1) Construction phase XPMO and Public Once each year Adjusting of mitigation Residents HPMO consultation during measures if necessary; adjacent to workshop and construction construction impact; and subproject sites site visit comment and suggestion (Table V-1) Operation stage XPMO and, Public Once in the first Effectiveness of mitigation Residents HPMO consultation year measures, impacts of adjacent to workshop and operation, comments and subproject sites site visit suggestions (Table V-1) GRM = grievance redress mechanism, HPMO = HJGT project management office, XPMO = Xianyang project management office.

181. XPMO shall announce the time, place, theme, and registration method of the meeting to the public through the website and post announcements in places where the public can easily be informed 2 weeks prior to the meeting. XPMO shall disclose the minutes and measures to address the public concerns truthfully to the public through the website, WeChat group, community posters, etc., within 5 working days after the consultation forum.

VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

182. An environmental safeguard GRM was defined in compliance with ADB’s SPS (2009) requirement to prevent and address community concerns. A separate GRM will also be established to address resettlement and social-related issues. Public grievances addressed by the GRM will most likely be limited to environmental issues during the construction phase. Grievances will most likely relate to dust emissions, construction noise, disposal of waste materials in inappropriate places, and inadequate construction site safety. In consultation with XPMO and the IA where construction activities are planned, it was agreed that a public complaint center (PCC) will be established within XPMO. The PCC will instruct contractors, implementing agencies, and the IA if people complain about the project. The PCC will coordinate with the local government and environmental protection bureau, as necessary, and will be supported by the LIEC and external environment monitor.

183. The contact persons for different GRM entry points (contractors, CSF, IA, and PCC) will be identified prior to construction. The contact details for each entry point (including phone numbers, email addresses, and postal addresses) will be disclosed on information boards at all construction sites.

184. Eligible complaints include those where (i) the complaint pertains to the project, and (ii) the issues arising in the complaint fall within the scope of environmental issues that the GRM is authorized to address. Ineligible complaints include those where: (i) the complaint is clearly not project-related, and (ii) the nature of the issue is outside the mandate of the environment GRM (such as issues related to allegations of fraud or corruption). Complaints ineligible to the GRM will be recorded and passed onto relevant authority. Meanwhile, the complainant will be informed of the decision and the reasons for rejection.

185. Grievance redress mechanism procedure and timeframe. Procedures and timeframes for the grievance redress process are as follows:

(i) Stage 1 (maximum 10 working days). Affected persons can submit a written or oral complaint to the contractor, CSF, or the IA. Complaints received by any other institutions will be referred back to the IA for action. The IA will notify the XPMO-EO of the complaint within 2 days. The XPMO-EO will enter the complaint in the Complaints Register. (a) The contractor, in consultation with the IA, attempts to resolve the issue directly with the affected person. Within 5 working days of receiving the complaint, the agency will provide clear advice to the affected person on the proposed corrective action and by when it will be taken. The corrective action will be implemented not later than 10 working days from receipt of the complaint. The XPMO-EO will enter the resolution in the Complaints Register. (b) If quick corrective action is not possible, or the IA is unsure how to proceed, or the complainant is not satisfied by the initial corrective action, then the complaint will be referred to the XPMO-EO for Stage 2.

(ii) Stage 2 (maximum 5 working days). For complaints not resolved in Stage 1, Stage 2 is initiated. The XPMO-EO, contractor, CSF, and the IA will meet with the affected person and together discuss the issue and identify possible solutions. At the meeting, a possible solution will be agreed upon. The contractor or the IA, as appropriate, will implement the agreed solution and report the outcome to the XPMO-EO.

(iii) Stage 3 (maximum 10 working days). If Stage 2 is unsuccessful (i.e., no 85

solution can be identified, or the affected person is not satisfied with the proposed solution), the XPMO-EO will convene a multi-stakeholder meeting and involve the project leading group to ensure that any needed inputs from other project agencies are coordinated. The workshop will identify a solution acceptable to all. The agreed solution will be implemented and a report on the outcome provided to XPMO and ADB. (a) The above steps relate to the construction phase, where most complaints will be directed in the first instance to the contractor, CSF, or the IA. During initial operations, complaints will be received by the O&M units of the facilities. (b) XPMO will inform ADB of all complaints and actions under the GRM and include all relevant documents in its progress reports to ADB.

186. The IA, contractor, and PCC shall accept the complaints/grievances lodged by the affected person free of charge. Any cost incurred should be covered by the contractor or the contingency of the project. The grievance procedures will remain valid throughout the duration of project construction and until project closure.

ADB = Asian Development Bank, AP = affected person, EEB = Ecology and Environment Bureau, GRM = grievance redress mechanism, IA=implementing agency, LRB = Land Resources Bureau, PCC = public complaint center, XPMO = Xiangyang project management office. Figure VIII-1: Environmental Grievance Redress Mechanism 87 Appendix

IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

187. An EMP has been prepared for the project. It is an essential document to ensure the implementation of mitigation measures. The full EMP will be attached to the project administration manual (PAM) of the project.

188. The EMP defines all potential impacts of different project outputs and the mitigation and protection measures with the objective of avoiding or reducing these impacts to acceptable levels. The EMP also defines the institutional arrangements and mechanisms, the roles and responsibilities of different institutions, procedures and budgets for implementation of the EMP. The EMP draws on the findings of the project IEE, TRTA, and ADB review mission discussions and agreements with the relevant government agencies.

189. The EMP, presented in Appendix 1-EMP, defines: (i) responsibilities and authorities for the EMP implementation, (ii) summary of impacts and mitigation measures, (iii) environmental monitoring and inspection plan, (iv) institutional strengthening and training plan, (v) reporting requirements, (vi) public consultation plan, (vii) cost estimates, and (viii) mechanism for feedback and adjustment. The EMP will be included as separate annex in all bidding and contract documents. Contractors will be required to develop site-EMPs that are fully responsive to the EMP. The XPMO-EO will be assigned with the responsibility to ensure contractors’ compliance with the site-EMPs and the EMP.

X. CONCLUSION

190. The IEE concludes that as long as the environmental mitigation and management measures, as defined in the EMP, are properly implemented, all adverse environmental impacts associated with the project will be prevented, eliminated, or minimized to an acceptable level. The project is feasible from an environment safeguards point of view. Appendix 88

APPENDIX 1-Environmental Management Plan

A. Objectives

1. This project environmental management plan (EMP) is developed for the Hubei Xiangyang Elderly Care Service Development Project (the project) in Xiangyang Municipality of Hubei Province, the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The EMP is prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB’s) Safeguard Policy Statement ([SPS] 2009) on the basis of the domestic tabular environmental impact assessment prepared by Zhongnan Safety and Environmental Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. and the initial environment examination (IEE) conducted for the project.

2. The EMP defines appropriate mitigation measures for the anticipated environmental impacts, and defines the institutional responsibilities and mechanisms to monitor and ensure the compliance with PRC’s environmental laws, standards and regulations, and ADB’s SPS. The EMP specifies (i) objectives; (ii) mitigation measures; (iii) implementing organization and responsibilities; (iv) inspection, monitoring, and reporting arrangements; (v) training and institutional strengthening; (v) a feedback and adjustment mechanism; and (vi) the grievance redress mechanism (GRM).

3. The EMP will be reviewed and updated at the end of the detailed designs, as needed, in order to be consistent with the final design. The EMP (or its updated version) will be included as a separate annex in all bidding and contract documents. The contractors will be made aware of their obligations to implement the EMP, and to budget the EMP implementation costs in their proposals.

4. The EMP supervision and monitoring results will be used to evaluate (i) the extent and severity of actual environmental impacts against the predicted impacts, (ii) the performance of the environmental protection measures or compliance with related rules and regulations, (iii) trends of impacts; and (iv) overall effectiveness of the mitigation measures.

B. Environmental Management Plan Implementation Arrangement

5. The overall EMP implementation arrangements and responsibilities of governmental organizations are summarized in Table EMP-1.

6. The Xiangyang Municipal Government (XMG) is the project executing agency responsible for supervision and guidance of the Xiangyang project management office (XPMO) and the implementing agency (IA) during project implementation. A project leading group has been established, chaired by the executive vice mayor of the XMG, including high-level officials from Xiangyang Finance Bureau, Xiangyang Development and Reform Commission, Xiangyang Health Commission, Xiangyang Civil Affairs Bureau, Xiangyang Human Resource and Social Security Bureau, and senior administrators of lower-level districts and chairman of Hanjiang State-Owned Capital Investment Group Co., Ltd. (HJGT) to facilitate interagency coordination.

7. XPMO, established under the XMG, will be in charge of project coordination. XPMO will have the overall responsibility for supervising the implementation of the EMP, coordinating the project-level GRM and reporting to ADB. XPMO will internally assign one environmental officer (XPMO-EO) to supervise the effective implementation of the EMP. The XPMO-EO will take charge of (i) coordinating the implementation of the EMP and developing implementation details; (ii) supervising the implementation of mitigation measures during project construction and operation; (iii) ensuring that environmental management, monitoring, and mitigation measures are incorporated into bidding documents, construction contracts, and operation management plans; (iv) submitting internal and external environmental monitoring reports to Appendix 89

ADB; (v) coordinating the local GRM; and (vi) responding to any unforeseen adverse impact beyond those mentioned in the project IEE and the EMP.

8. HJGT is the IA. HJGT project management office (HPMO) has been established under HJGT. HPMO is led by the vice president of HJGT and is represented by managers and officers from its subsidies and departments, including Hengtai Health Ltd., Intelligence Investment Ltd., the Information Center, Department of Land and Resources Development and Department of Engineering, etc. Through HPMO, the IA is responsible for day-to-day project administration of the project. It will be also responsible for the implementation of the public–private partnership (PPP) subproject, following the PPP concession agreement.

9. HPMO will assign one environmental specialist (HPMO-ES) to (i) review and approve contractors’ site-EMPs; (ii) conduct site inspections monthly during construction; (iii) act as local entry point for the project GRM; (iv) assess the contractors’ compliance with the EMP and the PRC) environmental quality standards for ambient air, water, and noise quality; (v) submit quarterly inspection results to the contractors for information, and HPMO and XPMO for verification and confirmation.

10. Construction contractors will be responsible for implementing the mitigation measures during construction under the supervision of the construction supervision firms (CSFs), HPMO, and XPMO. In their bids, contractors will be required to respond to the environmental management requirements defined in the EMP. Each contractor will be required to develop site-EMPs and will assign a person responsible for environment, health, and safety. After acceptance of the constructed works, environmental management responsibilities will be handed over to the implementing agencies.

11. CSFs will be selected through the PRC bidding procedure by HJGT. CSFs will be responsible for supervising construction progress and quality, and implementation of the EMP on construction sites. Each CSF shall have at least one environmental engineer on each construction site to (i) conduct regular site inspection, (ii) supervise the contractor’s EMP implementation performance, and (iii) prepare the contractor’s environmental management performance section in monthly project progress reports submitted to HPMO.

12. Loan implementation environment consultant as a member of the project implementation support firm. Under the PMC firm, one national loan implementation environment consultant (LIEC) will be recruited to support the effective implementation of the EMP. The LIEC will (i) assist XPMO and HPMO in conducting consultation meetings with relevant stakeholders as required, informing them of imminent construction works, updating them on the latest project development activities, GRM, contact information of HPMO, contractor, and XPMO; (ii) assess the project components’ environmental readiness prior to implementation based on the readiness indicators defined in the EMP; (iii) update the EMP including mitigation measures, monitoring program, institutional arrangements, and training plan, as necessary, to reflect the final project scope and detailed design, and submit to ADB for review and disclosure; (iv) support XPMO, HJGT, and HPMO to ensure that the bidding documents and works contracts contain provisions requiring contractors to comply with the mitigation measures in the EMP and that relevant sections of the project EMP are incorporated in the bidding and contract documents; (v) support XPMO-EO and HPMO-ES in reviewing and approving contractors’ site- EMPs and conducting periodic environmental site inspection; (vi) assist XPMO and HPMO to establish a GRM, and provide training for XPMO, HPMO, and GRM entry points;

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(vii) conduct regular EMP compliance monitoring, undertake site visits as required, identify any environment-related implementation issues, propose necessary corrective actions, and reflect these in a corrective action plan; (viii) assist XPMO in preparing environmental sections of quarterly project progress reports to ADB; (ix) assist XPMO in preparing annual internal environmental monitoring reports to ADB; (x) provide training to XPMO, HPMO, and contractors on environmental laws, regulations, and policies (ADB’s SPS), the EMP implementation, and GRM in accordance with the training plan defined in the EMP; (xi) participate in ADB review missions, when required, and assist XPMO and HPMO in discussing environmental issues with the ADB mission members; and (xii) conduct rapid assessments of project facilities after project completion and approximately 1 year of operation to confirm compliance with the EMP, as well as sound management practices (environment audit).

13. External environment monitor. HJGT will appoint one independent environment monitoring consultant as an external environment monitor (EEM). The EEM will provide technical guidance and monitor the implementation and effectiveness of all the environmental safeguards activities. The EEM will (i) review the IEE (including the EMP and environment monitoring and inspection plan (Table EMP-3) and all monitoring reports prepared for the project to understand the environmental issues in the project area, and mitigation and monitoring requirements of the project; (ii) review the EMP for the inclusion of all site-specific issues and make necessary amendments if any issues are not covered; (iii) review the environment monitoring and inspection plan, and ensure that the location and timing of checking/testing all environmental parameters are in accordance with the site conditions; (iv) prepare monitoring checklists for monitoring implementation of the EMP by the contractor; (v) include test results of environment impact monitoring and advise/support the contractor in taking remedial actions if any of the test results are not within the required limits; and (vi) review all environment reports, including quarterly environmental impact monitoring results, the annual internal environmental monitoring and quarterly project progress report, and prepare a concise external environmental monitoring report and submit to ADB and HPMO.

Table EMP-1: Environmental Responsibilities by Project Phase Responsible Phase Agencies Environmental Responsibilities Design Incorporation of environmental mitigation measures and green institutes building design in detailed designs Review the design and confirm that mitigation measures have been Detailed XPMO, HPMO, included in the engineering detailed design. design and LIEC Update the EMP before the start of construction according to the detailed design, if necessary. ADB Review and approve the updated EMP, including disclosure. XPMO, HPMO, procurement Incorporate the EMP clauses in tender documents and contracts. Tendering agency, and and contractors contracting Engage CSFs and ensure the CSFs have dedicated and qualified HJGT (through staff. HPMO) Engage external environmental monitor. Appendix 91

Responsible Phase Agencies Environmental Responsibilities LIEC and ADB Review bidding documents; and confirm project’s readiness. Develop site-EMPs and assign EMP implementation Contractors responsibilities; ensure health and safety; and implement mitigation measures. Coordinate GRM; supervise EMP implementation; and prepare XPMO environmental sections of project progress report and internal environmental monitoring report (with support of the LIEC). Assign one environmental specialist (HPMO-ES); conduct HPMO (CSF) environmental inspections; prepare quarterly environmental inspection reports; and act as local GRM entry point. Advise on the mitigation measures; provide comprehensive technical support to XPMO and HPMO for environmental Construction LIEC management; conduct training; conduct annual EMP compliance review; support XPMO in preparing environmental sections of project progress reports/internal environmental monitoring reports; Conduct independent monitoring of the effectiveness of the EEM implementation of environmental mitigation measures and prepare monitoring reports. Conduct review missions; and review and approve environmental ADB progress sections of the project progress reports, and internal and external environmental monitoring reports, including disclosure. Conduct periodic inspections of all construction projects relating to EEB compliance with the PRC regulations and standards. Conduct EMP compliance review, instruct HPMO and implementing agencies on environmental management requirements; and XPMO prepare an annual internal environmental monitoring report for the first year of operation. Operation HPMO Implementation of mitigation measures as defined in the EMP. Conduct periodic inspections to confirm compliance with the PRC EEBs standards and regulations. Review and approve environmental progress/monitoring reports, ADB and disclose on ADB project website. ADB = Asian Development Bank, CSF = construction supervision company, EEB = ecology and environment bureau, EEM = external environmental monitor, EMP = environmental management plan, GRM = grievance redress mechanism, HJGT = Hanjiang State-Owned Capital Investment Group Co, Ltd., HPMO = HJGT project implementing office, LIEC = loan implementation environmental consultant, PRC = People’s Republic of China, XPMO = Xiangyang project management office.

C. Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

14. Table EMP-2 summarizes the potential impacts and environment safeguard issues of the subprojects during pre-construction, construction, and operation as identified by the environmental impact assessments and set out in the project IEE, as well as corresponding mitigation measures designated to minimize those impacts and address these issues.

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Table EMP-2: Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Potential Impacts and Implementing Supervising Monitor Item/Media Issues Mitigation Measures Agency Agency Indicators Pre-construction Phase 1. Preliminary Institutional - XPMO to appoint XPMO-EO; XPMO, HPMO XPMO, ADB Project readiness and detailed strengthening - HPMO to appoint HPMO-ES; assessment by design stage - HPMO to engage PMC, including LIEC. LIEC Design complying with - Design buildings in compliance with relevant LDI XPMO, PMC Approved detailed relevant applicable design standards and codes for energy- designs health, safety, and efficient, safe and green public buildings, environmental codes and including but not limited to: GB 50011-2010 standards, including (Building Seismic Design Code); GB 50016- green building, energy- 2014 (Code of Design on Building Fire efficient building codes Protection and Prevention); GB 50189-2015 and specifications (Energy Conservation Design for Public Buildings), and other applicable national design codes. Parking garages and other underground structures are permitted to be constructed below design flood elevation. - Ensure no-use of VOC-emitting materials (including paints, coatings, adhesives, carpet and furniture’s) to ensure high indoor air quality; - Satisfy the “One Star” green building criteria defined in the GB/T50378-2019 (Green Building Evaluation Standard); - The design and functional layout of health care buildings shall comply with the GB51039- 2014 (Code for Architectural Design of General Hospital) and World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Health Care Facilities that ensure: a) separation of clean/sterilized and dirty/contaminated materials and people flows; b) development and inclusion of adequate disinfection/sterilization procedures and facilities; c) selection of heating, ventilation and air conditioning system that provide Appendix 93

Potential Impacts and Implementing Supervising Monitor Item/Media Issues Mitigation Measures Agency Agency Indicators isolation and protection from airborne infections; d) design of water systems to provide adequate supplies of potable water to reduce risks of exposure to waterborne pathogens; e) provision of hazardous material and waste storage and handling area; f) selection of easily cleaned building materials that do not support microbiological growth, are slip-resistant, nontoxic, and nonallergenic, and do not include volatile organic compound emitting pains and sealants. - Design elderly care buildings in line with the Building Design Standard for Elderly Care Facilities (JGJ450-2018). The following measures are recommended from the lessons coping with the COVID-19 pandemic: a) install auto-sensing faucets, or faucets that can be switched with wrist or elbow; b) use automatic doors at the main entrance of the building and a sink should be installed near the main entrance; c) flexible indoor activity space and public corridor; d)set up separate toilet in the living room of elderly if possible; e) provide adequate space for the working staff; f) each room is equipped with an air vent and exhaust fan in the bathroom; g)the room layout can be flexibly transformed to meet the needs of different situations. The elderly in the same room can be isolated from each other during the epidemic. Noise - Ensure the indoor noise comply with GB 50118- LDI HPMO, PMC Approved detailed 2010 (Code for Design of Sound Insulation of designs Civil Buildings); Meaningful consultation - Hold a public meeting prior to construction to HPMO, LIEC XPMO, ADB Approved discuss the EMP, project activities, and issues updated EMP and associated with the safety of nearby communities final design.

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Potential Impacts and Implementing Supervising Monitor Item/Media Issues Mitigation Measures Agency Agency Indicators in the vicinity of the construction sites. The measures to address the public concerns will be incorporated into the updated EMP and final design if necessary. Updated EMP - Review the mitigation measures defined in the LIEC, EEM, XPMO, ADB Approved EMP and updated to reflect the final design if HPMO updated EMP and necessary; disclosed on ADB website 2. Bidding documents and - Include an environmental section in the technical LDI, HPMO, XPMO, ADB Technical Construction contractors specifications for bidders; LIEC specifications, preparation - Ensure that construction contracts are bidding stage responsive to EMP provisions, and mitigation and documents, monitoring measures are adequately budgeted. construction contracts GRM - Establish a GRM, appoint a GRM coordinator; HPMO, XPMO, ADB Operational GRM - Brief and provide training to GRM entry points; LIEC - Disclose GRM to affected people before construction begins. Capacity building - Provide trainings to XPMO, HPMO, and LIEC, HPMO XPMO Evidence of contractors on implementation and supervision of training provided, EMP, GRM, and reporting in compliance with the satisfaction training plan (Table EMP-xx) survey of participants Site-EMPs - Develop Site-EMPs, responding to all clauses Contractors, HPMO, XPMO Approved Site- and requirements of this EMP; CSF, LIEC Xiangyang urban EMPs and - Develop construction waste disposal plan as management construction required by the Regulation on Construction authority. waste Waste Management of Xiangyang Municipality management plan (2020). Construction Phase Soil Soil erosion - Prepare soil erosion control plan (showing how Contractor HPMO, CSF, Inspection reports runoff will be controlled at site perimeter to LIEC of HPMO-ES control soil and water runoff, and how disturbed areas will be reclaimed); - Minimize active open excavation areas; - Construct intercepting ditches and drains to Appendix 95

Potential Impacts and Implementing Supervising Monitor Item/Media Issues Mitigation Measures Agency Agency Indicators prevent runoff entering construction sites, and divert runoff from sites to existing drainage; - Stabilize all earthwork disturbance areas within maximum 14 days after earthworks have ceased; - Properly slop and re-vegetate disturbed surface Soil contamination - Store chemicals/hazardous products and waste Contractor HPMO, CSF, Inspection reports on impermeable surfaces in secure, covered LIEC of HPMO-ES areas; - Remove all construction wastes from the site to approved waste disposal sites; - Provide spill cleanup measures and equipment at each construction site; - Conduct training in emergency spill response procedures. Surface and Pollution of surface and - Install water collection basins and sediment traps Contractor HPMO, CSF, Inspection reports Groundwater groundwater resources in all areas where construction equipment is LIEC of HPMO-ES washed; - Wastewater generated from the washing down of mixer trucks and drum mixers and similar equipment should wherever practicable be recycled; - Surplus wastewater and wastewater generated from building construction activities, including concreting, plastering, cleaning of works and similar activities should be discharged into sewer after removal of solids in a silt removal facility; - Sewage from temporary toilets, kitchens, and similar facilities should be stored in an onsite facility (such as septic tank), emptied regularly, and transported to a designated wastewater treatment plant for further treatment. Solid waste Construction and - The transportation and disposal of construction Contractor HPMO, CSF, Inspection reports domestic wastes solid waste shall comply with provisions of the LIEC of HPMO-ES generated on Regulation on Construction Waste Management construction sites of Xiangyang Municipality (2020) to approved sites;

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Potential Impacts and Implementing Supervising Monitor Item/Media Issues Mitigation Measures Agency Agency Indicators - Maximize reuse/recycling of construction and deconstruction wastes (e.g., iron, bricks, windows, doors, steel bars, etc.); - Provide appropriate waste storage containers for workers’ municipal garbage and hazardous wastes; - Install confined storage points of solid wastes away from sensitive receptors, regularly haul to an approved disposal site; - Use licensed contractors to remove wastes from the construction sites; - Prohibit burning of waste. Noise Noise from construction - Maintain equipment and machinery in good Contractor HPMO, CSF, Inspection reports activities working order; undertake regular equipment LIEC of HPMO-ES maintenance, ensure compliance with PRC standard of GB12523-2011; - Operate between 0800H-2200H only and reach an agreement with implementing agencies management and nearby residents regarding the timing of heavy machinery work, to avoid any unnecessary disturbances; nighttime works should only be conducted in exceptional cases, and a permit should be obtained for that purpose; - Inform potentially affected people including students, staff and nearby residents in advance; - Install temporary anti-noise barriers to shield school buildings where non-compliance with Category 2 in Environmental Quality Standards for Noise (GB3096-2008) and World Bank Group’s EHS noise standard (daytime 55 dB and night time 45 dB) is anticipated/monitored; - For the Hubei University of Arts and Science (HUAS), there are training buildings within 100 meters. Construction peak season shall be arranged during the school holidays to reduce the noise impact. Appendix 97

Potential Impacts and Implementing Supervising Monitor Item/Media Issues Mitigation Measures Agency Agency Indicators - Locate sites for concrete-mixing and similar activities at least 300 meters from sensitive areas if without any mitigations; - Monitor/observe noise within construction sites and at nearby sensitive areas at regular intervals (as defined in the monitoring plan); - Seek suggestions from potentially affected sensitive receptors to reduce noise annoyance. - Disseminate information on procedure of handling complaints through the GRM. Ambient Air Dust generated during - Dust -prone materials such as residual soil and Contractor HPMO, CSF, Inspection reports construction sand at the construction site shall be covered LIEC of HPMO-ES with dust-proof nets (cloths) and sprayed. Cement and other fine materials shall be stored in the warehouse or fully covered. The loading height of residual soil, sand and construction waste shall not exceed the guardrail of the vehicle. - Install perimeter fences at each site prior to construction. The fence shall be at least 2m high; - Spray water at least twice a day where fugitive dust is generated; - Cover trucks carrying earth, sand or stone with tarps or other suitable covers to avoid spilling and dust generation; - Undertake regular air quality monitoring in around the construction site in accordance with the monitoring plan; - Regularly consult the nearby residents to identify concerns and implement additional dust control measures as necessary. Air emissions from - Store petroleum or other harmful materials in Contractor HPMO, CSF, Inspection reports construction vehicles and appropriate places and covering to minimize LIEC of HPMO-ES machinery fugitive dust and emission; - Maintain vehicles and construction machinery in good condition.

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Potential Impacts and Implementing Supervising Monitor Item/Media Issues Mitigation Measures Agency Agency Indicators Physical Damage to known or - Establish chance-find procedures for physical Contractor HPMO, CSF, Inspection reports cultural unknown above or cultural resources; LIEC of HPMO-ES resources below-ground cultural - If a new site is unearthed, work must be stopped relics immediately and the implementing agencies and local cultural relic bureau promptly notified, and construction will resume only after a thorough investigation and with the permission of the appropriate authority. Flora and Protection of vegetation, - Preserve existing vegetation where no Contractor HPMO, CSF, Inspection reports Fauna re-vegetation of construction activity is planned; LIEC of HPMO-ES disturbed areas; - Remove trees or shrubs only as a last resort if greening of sites they impinge directly on permanent structures and replant to appropriate places if possible; - Properly re-vegetate disturbed areas after completion of works; Health and Occupational health and - Appoint one staff to implement and supervise the Contractor HPMO, CSF, Inspection reports Safety safety implementation of the Site-EMP and the LIEC of HPMO-ES performance of subcontractors; - Provide safe supply of clean water and an adequate number of latrines and other sanitary arrangements at the site and work areas, and ensure that they are cleaned and maintained in a hygienic state; - Provide herbage receptacles at construction sites; - Provide personal protective equipment for workers in accordance with relevant health and safety regulations; - Develop an emergency response plan to take actions on accidents and emergencies; document and report occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents; organize a fully equipped first-aid base at each construction site; - Establish Records Management System that will store and maintain easily retrievable records on occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents. Appendix 99

Potential Impacts and Implementing Supervising Monitor Item/Media Issues Mitigation Measures Agency Agency Indicators - Train all construction workers in basic sanitation and hygiene issues, general health in basic sanitation and hygiene issues, general health and safety matters, and on the specific hazards of their work; - Posters drawing attention onsite safety, rescue, and industrial health regulations shall be made or obtained from the appropriate sources and will be displayed prominently in relevant areas of the site. Community Health and - Prepare traffic control plan within and around the Contractor HPMO, CSF, Inspection reports Safety proposed sites during construction, to be LIEC of HPMO-ES approved by implementing agencies’ management, and local traffic management administration before startup of construction. The plan shall include provisions for diverting or scheduling construction traffic to avoid peak traffic hours, main teaching activities, such as exams, regulating traffic at road crossings with an emphasis on ensuring public safety through clear signage; - Designate staff members to control traffic during on-school and off-school hours; - Ensure that all sites are secure, discouraging access through appropriate fencing; place clear signs at construction sites in view of the people at risk (including students, staff and nearby communities), warning people of potential dangers such as moving vehicles, hazardous materials, excavations, etc. and raising awareness on safety issues; - Return machinery to its overnight storage area/position; - In collaboration with the IA, hold a meeting prior to commencing construction to discuss issues associated with ensuring the safety of students

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Potential Impacts and Implementing Supervising Monitor Item/Media Issues Mitigation Measures Agency Agency Indicators and staff, as well as nearby communities in the vicinity of the construction site. Interruption to utilities’ - Assess potential disruption to services and Contractor HPMO, CSF, Inspection reports provision identify risks before starting construction; LIEC of HPMO-ES - If temporary disruption is unavoidable, develop a plan to minimize the disruption and communicate the dates and duration in advance to all affected people, in conjunction with the school management. Operation Phase Noise Prevention of noise from - Select low noise equipment; use flexible joints; Facility Local EEB Number of air conditioner, fans indoor placement; underground installation; Operator complaints installation of mufflers; foundation damping. Noise from vehicles - Speed limit driving; Facility Local EEB Number of entering and leaving the - Prohibition of sirens. Operator complaints EC and HC facilities Air Canteen fume - Install and operate the fume purification system Facility Local EEB Number of with purification efficiency greater than 85%. Operator complaints Exhaust gas from - Maintain good ventilation. The air exchange Facility Local EEB Number of underground garage frequency is more than 6 times/h through special Operator complaints exhaust vent. Odor from onsite medical - cover the regulation tank and aeration tank of the Facility Local EEB Number of wastewater treatment sewage treatment stations Operator complaints station (for HC1 and HC2) Wastewater Improper sewage - Ensure the connection of new buildings to onsite Facility Local EEB No evidence of management (for all EC pretreatment facilities (septic tanks) and Operator illicit wastewater and HC facilities) municipal sewage collection and treatment discharge on site system; during site - Periodically monitor (visual inspection) on sludge inspection accumulation in septic tanks and request licensed companies to de-sludge as needed. - Establish routine maintenance program and provide regular on-job training to the workers. Improper sewage - Provision of dual power supply; Facility Local EEB No evidence of management (for onsite - Ensure equipment in good working order; Operator illicit wastewater Appendix 101

Potential Impacts and Implementing Supervising Monitor Item/Media Issues Mitigation Measures Agency Agency Indicators medical wastewater - Spare parts for key components; discharge on site treatment stations of - Provide operational training to technical staff; during site HC1 and HC2) - Establish routine maintenance program and inspection provide regular on-job training to the workers. Solid waste Inappropriate - Provide adequate solid waste collection facilities Facility Local sanitation No evidence of management of non- in all buildings; operator department illicit waste hazardous solid waste - Provision of separate collection bins for paper, dumping during biodegradable wastes, metallic waste, and other site inspection waste; - Regularly clean and disinfect waste collection facilities. Inappropriate - Medical waste shall be managed in accordance Facility Local sanitation No evidence of management of with the Medical Waste Management Regulation. operator department and illicit waste hazardous wastes - The medical waste shall be packed in hazardous waste dumping during (medical waste and accordance with the requirements of Standard on management site inspection sludge from medical Packaging, Container and Warning Labels for authority wastewater treatment Hospital Wastes for sorting and collection. station of HC1 and HC2) Disinfection is carried out on the same day before packing. - Medical waste temporarily stored in special storage room cannot be more than 2 days. - Entrust certificated agency (Xiangyang Wanqingyuan Environmental Protection Co., Ltd) to carry out the collection and disposal work. During transferring of the hazardous wastes, the provisions of the Management Methods for Transferring Hazardous Waste shall be strictly implemented, and the hazardous waste transfer joint form (triple list) shall be filled out. - The septic tank sludge shall be disposed by a qualified agency (Xiangyang Wanqingyuan Environmental Protection Co., Ltd) after being treated with lime and disinfected. Sludge disposal shall strictly follow the provisions of Sewage Control Standard for Medical Institutions (GB18466-2005) to ensure that no pollution is

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Potential Impacts and Implementing Supervising Monitor Item/Media Issues Mitigation Measures Agency Agency Indicators caused to the surrounding environment. Health and Health safety of the - Ensure compliance with relevant health and Facility Local disease Number of Safety elderly people and safety regulations on ventilation, indoor air Operator control authority incidents and working staff (for all EC quality, lighting, noise, fire escape, etc.; and emergency complaints and HC facilities) - Establish preparedness plan and operation plan response under emergency conditions, such as fire, flood, department earthquake, wind, storm, water contamination, epidemic, air contamination, infestation, explosion, etc. to ensure a safe environment for all elderly people, faculty, staff, and visitors. Risk to community health - In the event of medical wastewater treatment Facility Local disease Number of caused by failure of operation failure, the untreated wastewater will Operator control authority incidents and medical wastewater be stored in the regulation tank temporarily; and emergency complaints treatment station (for dosing disinfection agents manually in time to response HC1 and HC2) prevent infectious wastewater entering into the department municipal sewage network. - The main equipment, such as fans, pumps, sludge valves, disinfection device shall be backed up and the power supply system should be dual-loop. - Provisions of training to the medical wastewater treatment facility operation staff; Risk related to chlorine - wear self-priming filter gas masks (full cover) and Facility Local disease Number of dioxide leakage (for HC1 rubber glove; Operator control authority incidents and and HC2) - keep away from flammable and combustible and emergency complaints materials; the technical staff shall be trained and response following the operation instructions; department - keep good ventilation in the workplace; avoid contact with reducing agents; equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment. Risks related to oxygen - Oxygen is strictly prohibited to contact with Facility Local disease Number of storage and usage (for grease, fireworks and other flammable and Operator control authority incidents and HC1 and HC2) explosive products; and emergency complaints - The storage of oxygen must be far away from the response fire source and equipped with fire-fighting department facilities, and there should be fire prohibition Appendix 103

Potential Impacts and Implementing Supervising Monitor Item/Media Issues Mitigation Measures Agency Agency Indicators signs outdoors; - Oxygen storage, use, transportation, and storage are strictly prohibited from collision to avoid explosion; - The equipment installation, commissioning and maintenance of the oxygen supply room must be carried out by trained technical personnel or a special maintenance company. Other personnel are not allowed to enter without permission. Exposure to infections - Formulate an exposure control plan for infectious Facility Local disease Number of and diseases disease; operator control authority incidents and - provide working staff, elderly people and visitors complaints with information on infection control policies and procedures; - Set up isolation room in EC facilities in the case of epidemic, with protective equipment (protective clothing, medical masks, gloves, etc.) in a relatively independent, well ventilated single room, with separate toilets. - establish standard precautions to treat all blood and other potentially infectious materials with appropriate precautions. Traffic safety (all project - Separate the people flow and vehicle flow; Facility Local traffic Number of facilities) - Education and awareness-raising on traffic safety operator management incidents and to the working staff and elderly people; authority complaints - Speed limits entering exiting the project facilities. ADB = Asian Development Bank, CSF = construction supervision firm, EC = elderly care, EEB = ecology and environment bureau, EEM = external environmental monitor, EMP = environmental management plan, GRM = grievance redress mechanism, HC = health care, IA = implementing agency, LIEC = loan implementation environmental consultant, XPMO = Xiangyang project management office.

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D. Environmental Inspection and Monitoring

15. Environment safeguards monitoring will include (i) project readiness monitoring, to be conducted by the LIEC whom is included in the team of the project implementation support firm, engaged under the project; (ii) environmental impact monitoring, to be conducted by a licensed environment monitoring station; (iii) internal environmental monitoring conducted by XPMO with assistance of the LIEC; and (iv) external environmental monitoring during project implementation and the first year of project operation, to be conducted by an EEM. Monitoring and reporting arrangements defined for this project are described below.

16. Assessment of project readiness. Before construction, the LIEC will assess the project’s readiness in terms of environmental management based on a set of indicators (Table EMP-3) and report it to ADB and XPMO. This assessment will demonstrate that environmental commitments are being carried out and environmental management system (Table EMP-3) are in place before construction starts, or suggest corrective actions if the project readiness indicators cannot satisfy.

Table EMP-3: Project Readiness Assessment Indicators Indicator Criteria Assessment EMP update The EMP updated after detailed design, and approved by Yes ADB No Environmental supervision LIEC is in place and has trained environment consultants Yes in place No Qualified external environmental monitor contracted by Yes HPMO No Environment officer assigned by XPMO (XPMO-EO) Yes No Compliance with loan The borrower complies with loan covenants related to Yes covenants and assurances project design and environmental management planning No Public involvement Meaningful consultation completed; construction Yes effectiveness activities publicized at construction sites No GRM established with entry points publicized Yes No Chinese version EMP EMP translated and distributed by XPMO Yes distributed to all parties No Contracts with Bidding documents and contracts incorporating the Yes environmental safeguards environmental activities and safeguards listed as loan No assurances Site construction planning Site-EMP prepared for each work site by the contractors Yes (environmental) and cleared by the implementing agencies No EMP financial support EMP budget established, and required funds set aside for Yes EMP implementation by each implementing agency No ADB = Asian Development Bank, EMP = environmental management plan, HPMO = HJGT project management office, GRM = grievance redress mechanism, LIEC = loan implementation environmental consultant, XPMO = Xiangyang project management office.

17. Environmental impact monitoring by monitoring station. The IA will contract a local licensed environmental monitoring station to conduct environmental impact monitoring in accordance with the monitoring plan (Table EMP-4). Monitoring will be conducted during construction and operation period, until a project completion report is issued. Quarterly monitoring results will be prepared by the environmental monitoring station and submitted to HPMO and XPMO.

18. Internal environmental monitoring and reporting. The LIEC will review project progress and compliance with the EMP based on field visits, and the review of the environmental impact monitoring conducted by the environmental monitoring station. The findings of the LIEC will be reported to ADB through the annual internal environmental Appendix 105 monitoring report and quarterly project progress reports. The reports will include (i) progress made in the EMP implementation; (ii) overall effectiveness of the EMP implementation (including public and occupational health and safety); (iii) environmental impact monitoring and compliance with allowable emission limits; (iv) institutional strengthening and training; (v) public consultation (including GRM); and (vi) any problem encountered during construction and operation, and the relevant corrective actions undertaken. The LIEC will help XPMO prepare the reports and submit the English report to ADB for appraisal and disclosure.

19. An EEM will be engaged by HPMO to conduct independent verification of the project’s compliance with the EMP and the relevant PRC regulations and standards. The EEM will review all environment reports, including quarterly environmental impact monitoring results, the annual internal environmental monitoring and quarterly project progress report and prepare an external environmental monitoring report and submit to ADB and HPMO. The report should confirm the project’s compliance with the EMP and the PRC legislation standards, identify any environment-related implementation issues, and recommend corrective actions.

Table EMP-4: Environmental Monitoring and Inspection Plan Monitoring Frequency Monitoring Monitoring and Implementing Supervising Item Parameter Location Duration Entity Entity Construction Stage Dust and noise TSP, LAeq At four Quarterly EMS HPMO boundaries of LIEC all EEM construction sites TSP, PM10, At entrance of Continuous Contractor HPMO LAeq the online LIEC construction monitoring EEM site Construction SS, petroleum Outlet of Quarterly EMS HPMO wastewater temporarily LIEC sedimentatio EEM n tank Soil run-off (i) adequacy of Visual Weekly Contractor HPMO and soil runoff inspection of during peak CSF LIEC contamination prevention the construction EEM measures; (ii) construction period, and adequacy of sites. monthly soil after contamination prevention techniques. Solid and (i) adequacy of Visual Weekly Contractor HPMO liquid waste solid and liquid inspection of during peak CSF LIEC management waste the construction EEM management, construction period, and storage and sites. monthly containment after. system; (ii) presence of solid waste dumps, waste fires. Construction Site inspection Visual Weekly Contractor HPMO site health and of occupational inspection during peak CSF LIEC safety health safety and construction EEM

106 Appendix

Monitoring Frequency Monitoring Monitoring and Implementing Supervising Item Parameter Location Duration Entity Entity checklist in interviews period, and site-EMP with monthly construction after. workers and contractors at construction sites Community (i) adequacy of Visual Weekly Contractor HPMO health and construction inspection of during peak CSF LIEC safety site signage the construction EEM and fencing; (ii) construction period, and adequacy of sites informal monthly temporary interviews after. noise mitigation with nearby measures; residents (iii) accidents involving public and workers; (iv) emergencie s and responses; (v) public complaints about noise, air pollution, construction site safety, localized flooding, etc. Operation Phase Wastewater pH, color, SS, Outlet of Quarterly EMS EEB CODcr, BOD5, sewage EEM NH3-N, TP, TN; treatment LIEC facilities (all number of fecal EC and HC Yearly coliforms, facilities) residual chlorine CODcr, NH3-N Outlet of Real-time Facility EEB medical operator EEM wastewater LIEC treatment station (HC1 and HC2) Exhaust gas NH3, H2S At the Semi-annual EMS EEB medical EEM wastewater LIEC treatment station and four boundaries of the plot (HC1 and HC2) Indoor air Temperature, Randomly Once before EMS EEB quality relative select one the use EEM humidity, air room at each LIEC Appendix 107

Monitoring Frequency Monitoring Monitoring and Implementing Supervising Item Parameter Location Duration Entity Entity flow speed, floor; the new wind number of volume, SO2, monitoring NO2, CO, CO2, points is Ammonia determined (NH3), O3, by the room Formaldehyde area: <50 m2: (HCHO) 1-3 points; Benzene 50-100 m2: 3- (C6H6) 5 points; Methylbenzene >100 m2: at (C7H8) least 5 Dimthylbenzen points. e(C8H10) (=xylol) Benzo[a]pyrene [B(a)P] (C20H12) Respirable suspended particulate (PM10) Total volatile organic compound (TVOC) Total bacterial colony count Radon (222Rn) Noise LAeq Four Quarterly EMS EEB boundaries at EEM each plot; LIEC Incidents Occupational All facilities Ongoing, Facility Local disease record and Community record once operator control and health and incidents safety safety incidents occur authority during LIEC; operation to be EEM recorded with respect minor incident, fatal accident etc. Training Training All facilities Ongoing Facility LIEC; record conducted in operator EEM accordance with the Table EMP-6. CSF = construction supervision firm, EC = elderly care, EEB = ecology and environment bureau, EEM = external environmental monitor, EMP = environmental management plan, EMS = environmental monitoring station, HC = health care, HPMO = HJGT project management office, LIEC = loan implementation environmental consultant, SS = suspended solids.

E. Environmental Reporting

20. The executing agency will provide ADB with project quarterly progress reports in a format consistent with ADB’s project performance reporting system, including (i) progress

108 Appendix achieved by output as measured through the indicators’ performance targets, (ii) key implementation issues and solutions, (iii) updated procurement plan, and (iv) updated implementation plan for the next 6 months; and (v) a project completion report within 6 months of physical completion of the project.

21. The environmental section of quarterly project progress reports and annual internal environmental monitoring reports will present the EMP implementation status, results of inspections conducted by HPMO-ES, problems encountered during construction and operation, if any, and the relevant corrective actions undertaken. The annual environment monitoring report will be compiled by the LIEC, on behalf of XPMO, and be disclosed on ADB website. The effectiveness of the EMP implementation and public satisfaction to the solutions of environmental concerns and complaints will also be assessed in the project completion report.

22. The EEM will report on an annual basis to ADB to verify if sound environmental management practices were followed during implementation. In case the implementation of EMP measures is not satisfactory, the EEM will recommend actions to enhance environmental compliance. The external environmental monitoring report will be submitted to ADB through XPMO 30 days after the internal environment monitoring reports are submitted to ADB by the XPMO, and as needed, when compliance/grievance issues occur. The external environmental monitoring report will be disclosed on the ADB website.

23. Table EMP-5 summarizes the reporting requirements.

Table EMP-5: Reporting Requirements Disclosure Reports Purpose From To Frequency requirements Site inspection Confirmation of Contractor, HPMO Quarterly N/A and monitoring contractors’ CSF results compliance with EMP, presentation of monitoring results Project progress General project XPMO ADB Quarterly N/A reports progress, including a (including summary of EMP environmental implementation section) Internal Adherence of XPMO, ADB Annually (30 days of the ADB website environment environmental LIEC end of reporting period) monitoring covenants and EMP, during construction until reports presentation of project completion report internal monitoring results External Confirmation of XPMO ADB Annually (30 days after ADB website environment project’s compliance the submission of internal monitoring with the EMP and environment monitoring report verification of internal reports) environmental monitoring report. ADB = Asian Development Bank, CSF = construction supervision firm, EMP = environmental management plan, HPMO = HJGT project management office, LIEC = loan implementation environment consultant, N/A = not applicable, XPMO = Xiangyang project management office.

F. Institutional Strengthening and Training

24. The capacity of XPMO's and the IA’s staff responsible for the EMP implementation and supervision will be strengthened. The project will address any lack of capacities and expertise Appendix 109 in environmental management through (i) institutional strengthening, and (ii) training.

25. Institutional strengthening. The capacities of XPMO, the IA, and HPMO to coordinate environmental management will be strengthened through the following measures: (i) The appointment of a staff member within XPMO (XPMO-EO) in charge of the EMP coordination, including GRM. (ii) The appointment of one national environmental consultant under the loan implementation consultancy (the LIEC) to guide XPMO, the IA, and HPMO in implementing the EMP and ensuring compliance with ADB SPS. (iii) HPMO to conduct regular site inspections and coordinate local environment monitoring agencies periodic reports.

26. Training. The executing agency, XPMO, the IA, HPMO, and contractors will receive training in the EMP implementation, supervision, and reporting, and on the GRM. (Table EMP- 6). Training will be facilitated by the LIEC, with the support of other experts under the loan implementation consultant services.

Table EMP-6: Training Program - Summary of Training Needs Frequency Training Recipients/ or Target Topic Summary of Training Purpose and Content Participants Date Induction to Overview of EMP, including site information, pollution XPMO, At beginning EMP risks and controls, and programs; and preparation of HPMO, of project site-EMPs and training on implementation to staff of contractor, contractor(s) and CSF Review of EMP monitoring, supervision, reporting, procedures, XPMO, 1 year after EMP, and and review of EMP, including new changes and HPMO, project start refreshers' updates contractor, or more training on and CSF frequently if EMP required GRM GRM roles and responsibilities, and procedures XPMO, Once prior, HPMO, and once the contractor, first year of CSF, and project other operation stakeholders Environmental Sludge treatment and disposal process; occupational IA, and Once at first aspects of and community health and safety; and storage, facility year of facilities transportation, and disposal of medical waste. (A operators operation, operation series of training modules on good practices in health and yearly care waste management of WHO can be referred).a after Emergency Organize drill on emergency conditions such as fire, IA, and Once at first preparedness natural disaster, epidemic, explosion, etc. facility year of and response operators operation, drill and yearly after CSF = construction supervision firm, EMP = environmental management plan, HPMO = HJGT project management office, GRM = grievance redress mechanism, WHO = World Health Organization, XPMO = Xiangyang project management office. a https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/facilities/waste/training_modules_waste_management/en/

G. Consultation, Participation, and Information Disclosure

27. Information disclosure and public consultation relating to environment safeguards will continue throughout project implementation. The project’s environmental information will be disclosed by the local EEB and ADB as follows:

110 Appendix

(i) The project IEE will be disclosed on the project website at https://www.adb.org/. (ii) The tabular environmental impact assessment (in Chinese) will be disclosed on the website of Xiangyang EEB at http://sthjj.xiangyang.gov.cn/. (iii) All environmental monitoring reports during project implementation will be available at https://www.adb.org/. (iv) The project information and GRM entry points will be disclosed on the information board of each construction site (in Chinese).

28. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of January 2020, public meetings and face-to-face surveys have been strictly prohibited during project preparation. XPMO will hold public meetings with support of the LIEC prior to construction to discuss the EMP, project activities, and issues associated with the safety of nearby communities in the vicinity of the construction sites once the disease control authority lift the public health emergency response level. The measures to address the public concerns will be incorporated into the updated EMP and final design, if necessary. An indicative consultation plan was developed to instruct XPMO to organize meaningful consultation throughout project implementation.

Table EMP-7: Public Consultation Plan Organizer Format No. of Times Subject Attendees Pre-construction phase XPMO and Public Once before Introduce the project Residents HPMO consultation construction activities, proposed adjacent to workshop and commences mitigation measures, entry subproject sites site visit points of the GRM (Table V-1) Construction phase XPMO and Public Once each year Adjusting of mitigation Residents HPMO consultation during measures if necessary; adjacent to workshop and construction construction impact; and subproject sites site visit comment and suggestion (Table V-1) Operation stage XPMO and, Public Once in the first Effectiveness of mitigation Residents HPMO consultation year measures, impacts of adjacent to workshop and operation, comments and subproject sites site visit suggestions (Table V-1) GRM = grievance redress mechanism, HPMO = HJGT project management office, XPMO = Xianyang project management office.

29. XPMO shall announce the time, place, theme, and registration method of the meeting to the public through the website and post announcements in places where the public can easily be informed 2 weeks prior to the meeting. XPMO shall disclose the minutes and measures to address the public concerns truthfully to the public through the website, WeChat group, community posters, etc., within 5 working days after the consultation forum.

H. Environmental Management Plan Cost Estimates

30. The budget for implementing these measures in this project is $657,000. The details of estimated EMP costs are specified in Table EMP-8.

31. Those that will permanently become part of the infrastructure such as medical wastewater treatment facility will need to be included in the design, otherwise they will not be built. The costs of building and maintaining these systems included in the infrastructure construction and operating costs, and therefore, are not to be double counted as part of the EMP costs. Those that are temporary measures particularly during the construction stage, such as dust suppression, use of quiet/low-noise powered mechanical equipment, etc., will need to be included in the tender documents, otherwise they are not budgeted by the Appendix 111 contractor and they will not be done. The cost for implementing these measures are included in the EMP.

Table EMP-8: Cost Estimates for EMP Implementation and EMS Capacity Building Item Unit cost ($) Total ($) Source of Funds Environmental protection during Calculated based on 572,000 Works contractors construction works: the floor area and cost - Erosion control of civil works - Dust and noise control - Waste management - Site safety, traffic management EMP and GRM training Lump sum 5,000 XPMO through PMC firm package LIEC: national 6 person-months, 6,000/month 36,000 XPMO through PMC firm including consultant fees, travel package costs) External environmental monitor / 14,000 Implementing Agency counterpart fund EMS for environmental impact / 30,000 Implementing Agency monitoring counterpart fund Total 657,000 EMP = environmental management plan, EMS = environmental monitoring station, GRM = grievance redress mechanism, LIEC = loan implementation environment consultant, PMS = project management consulting.

I. Grievance Redress Mechanism

32. A GRM) was defined in compliance with ADB’s SPS requirement to prevent and address environmental safeguard issues. A separate social GRM will also be established to address resettlement and other social issues. Public grievances addressed by the GRM will most likely be limited to environmental issues during the construction phase. Grievances will most likely relate to dust emissions, construction noise, disposal of waste materials in inappropriate places, and inadequate construction site safety. In consultation with XPMO and the IA, where construction activities are planned, it was agreed that a Public Complaint Center (PCC) will be established within XPMO. The PCC will instruct contractors, implementing agencies, and the IA if people complain about the project. The PCC will coordinate with the local government and environmental protection bureau, as necessary, and will be supported by the LIEC and external environment monitor.

33. The contact persons for different GRM entry points (contractors, the IA, and PCC) will be identified prior to construction. The contact details for each entry point (including phone numbers, -mail addresses, and postal addresses) will be disclosed on information boards at all construction sites.

34. Eligible complaints include those where (i) the complaint pertains to the project, and (ii) the issues arising in the complaint fall within the scope of environmental issues that the GRM is authorized to address. Ineligible complaints include those where (i) the complaint is clearly not project-related, and (ii) the nature of the issue is outside the mandate of the environment GRM (such as issues related to allegations of fraud or corruption). Complaints ineligible to the GRM will be recorded and passed onto relevant authority. Meanwhile, the complainant will be informed of the decision and the reasons for rejection.

35. Grievance redress mechanism procedure and timeframe. Procedures and timeframes for the grievance redress process are as follows:

(i) Stage 1 (maximum 10 working days). Affected persons can submit a written or oral complaint to the contractor, CSF, or the IA. Complaints received by any

112 Appendix

other institutions will be referred back to the IA for action. The IA will notify the XPMO-EO of the complaint within 2 days. The XPMO-EO will enter the complaint in the Complaints Register. (a) The contractor, in consultation with the IA, attempts to resolve the issue directly with the affected person. Within 5 working days of receiving the complaint, the agency will provide clear advice to the affected person on the proposed corrective action and by when it will be taken. The corrective action will be implemented not later than 10 working days from receipt of the complaint. The XPMO-EO will enter the resolution in the Complaints Register. (b) If quick corrective action is not possible, or the IA is unsure how to proceed, or the complainant is not satisfied by the initial corrective action, then the complaint will be referred to the XPMO-EO for Stage 2.

(iii) Stage 3 (maximum 10 working days). If Stage 2 is unsuccessful (i.e., no solution can be identified, or the affected person is not satisfied with the proposed solution), the XPMO-EO will convene a multi-stakeholder meeting and involve the project leading group to ensure that any needed inputs from other project agencies are coordinated. The workshop will identify a solution acceptable to all. The agreed solution will be implemented and a report on the outcome provided to XPMO and ADB. (a) The above steps relate to the construction phase, where most complaints will be directed in the first instance to the contractor, CSF, or the IA. During initial operations, complaints will be received by the O&M units of the facilities. (b) XPMO will inform ADB of all complaints and actions under the GRM and include all relevant documents in its progress reports to ADB

36. The IA, contractor, and PCC shall accept the complaints/grievances lodged by the affected person free of charge. Any cost incurred should be covered by the contractor or the contingency of the project. The grievance procedures will remain valid throughout the duration of project construction and until project closure.

Appendix 113

ADB = Asian Development Bank, AP = affected persons, EEB =ecology and environment bureau, XPMO =Xiangyang project management office, GRM = grievance redress mechanism, LRB=land resources bureau; PCC = public complaint center; IA=implementing agency.

Figure EMP-1: Environmental Grievance Redress Mechanism

J. Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment

38. Based on site inspections and monitoring reports, including internal and external environmental monitoring reports, the XPMO with the assistance from the LIEC will decide whether (i) EMP is adequate and effective and further mitigation measures are required as corrective actions, or (ii) some improvements are required for environmental management practices.

39. The effectiveness of mitigation measures and monitoring plans will be evaluated by the external environment monitoring expert’s report on EMP implementation. The need to update and adjust the EMP will be reviewed when there are design changes, changes in construction methods and program, negative environmental monitoring results or inappropriate monitoring locations, and ineffective or inadequate mitigation measures.

40. XPMO will play a critical role in the feedback and adjustment mechanism with the support from the LIEC and external environment monitoring expert. Where unanticipated environmental impacts become apparent during project implementation, XPMO shall update the environmental assessment and EMP or prepare a new environmental assessment and EMP to assess the potential impacts, evaluate the alternatives, and outline mitigation measures and resources to address those impacts.

114 Appendix

41. Adjustment to the EMP will be made, if necessary. In such cases, the XPMO will inform ADB promptly on any changes to the project and needed adjustments to the EMP. The updated EMP will be submitted to ADB for review and approval, and will be disclosed on the ADB project website. XPMO will assess whether further mitigation measures are required as corrective action, or improvement in environmental management practices are required with the support from the LIEC and external environment monitoring expert.