EA2EUb M1AY3 01995 Public Disclosure Authorized EnvironmentalImpact Assessement for Hubei Province Urban EnvironmentalProject Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
ChineseResearch Academy of- Enviroiinental Sciences Public Disclosure Authorized TheCenter of Ei4ironmentTIPlanning 8 Assessment \ y,gl295 -40-
____ @ H-{iAXt§
*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~w-gg t- .>s dapk-oi;~~n 1Lj t IW4 4a~~~~~~~~~~
.0.
.. |~~~g., * A 6 - sJe Cuang~~~hou PeoplesRepublic ofChina ,. H. ''~' - n~~rovince i\\ 2 (~~~~~~~~~~~~~~( H uLbeiprovince FORWARD The Hubei Urban EnvironmentalProject Office (HUEPO) engaged the Chinese ResearchAcademy of EnvironmentalSciences to assistin the preparationof the environmental impactassessment (EIA) report for the proposedHubei Urban Environmental Project (HUEP). The HUEPconsists of 13 sub-projectswhich need to prepareindividual EIA reports. Allthe individualEIA reportswere preparedby localinstitutes and sectoralinstitutes underthe supervisionof the Centerfor EnvironmentalPlanning & Assessment,CRAES. with the supportof HUEPO. TheCenter for EnvironmentalPlanning & Assessment,CRAES is responsiblefor the executionof the EIA preparationand compilationof the overallEIA report based on the individualEIA reports.A large amountof effort was paidfor the comprehensiveanalyses and no additionalfield data was generatedas part of the effort. Both Chineseand EnglishEIA documentswere prepared.The EIA report (Chinese version) was reviewedand approvedby the NationalEnvironmental Protection Agencv (NEPA)in May, 1995. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1-1 1.1 Project Background 1-} -' 1.1.2 Frameworkfor EIA Preparation 1-2 1.2.1 Response Government Agencies 1-3 1.2.2 Reference of Regulations 14 1.2.3 References of Environmental Standards 1-6 1.2.4 Scope of EAs for IndividualProjects 1-9 - 1.2.5 EnvironmentalProtection Targets 1-13 1.3 Benefits to the Local Community 1-13 1.3.1 Social and EconomnicalPerspectives 1-13 1.3.2 Urban Wastewater Treatment Projects 1-14 1.3.3 Urban Solid Waste Management Projects 1-15 1.3.4 Industrial Pollution Control Projects 1-15 1.4 Schedule 1-16 1.4.1 Preparation for Project 1-16 1.4.2 Constniction Period 1-16 1.5 Magnitude ofEIA Effort 1-17 . Project Description 2-1 2.1 Urban Wastewater Treatment Components 2-1 2.1.1 Wastewater Treatment Projects in Wuhan City 2-3 2.1.2 Wastewater Collection and Treatment Component in Xiangfin 2-7 2.1.3 Wastewater Collection and Treatnent Component in Huangshi 2-7 2.2 Urban Solid Waste Management Projects 2-7 2.2.1 Solid Waste Management Component in Wuhan 2-9 2.2.2 Solid Waste Management Component in Huangshi 2-12 2.2.3 Solid Waste Management Component in Xiangfan 2-14 2.2.4 Solid Waste Management Comment in Yichang 2-16 2.2.5 Estimation of Leachate and Landfilling Gas 2-18 2.2.6 Noise, Dust and Odor 2-19 2.3 Industial Pollution Control Components 2-19 2.3.1 ComprehensivePollution Control of Echeng fron and Steel 2-20 i 2.3.2 Relocationof JingmenCement Plant 2-24 2.3.3 HubeiPharmaceutical Plant 2-25 2.3.4 Relocationof YichangCement Plant 2-26 2.3.5 XlangfanChemical Plant 2-27 2.3.6 Erxi ChemicalPlant 2-27 3. Baseline Conditions 3-1 3.1 Nature Environment 3-1 3.1.1 PhysicalEnvironment 3-1 3.1.2 Functionsof water Courses 3-4 3.1.3 ExistingWater QualityofRivers 3-7 3.1.4 AirQuality 3-19 3.1.5 GeologyHydrological ofLandfills 3-26 3.2 EcologicalConditions 3-34 3.2.1 Terretria Ecosystem 3-34 3.2.2 AquiferEcosystem 3-36 3.3 SocialEnvironment 3-41 3.3.1 Population 3-41 3.3.2 EconomicPerspective 3-43 3.3.3 Basic MunicipalFacility and Utility 3-44 3.3.4 Waste Loads Controlin SixProposal Cities 3-47 3A4 Quality of Living 3-47 3.4.1 GeneralSituation ofResidents Living Standard 3-47 3.4.2 PublicHealth 3-48 3.4.3 Culture and Recreation 3-51 4. Anticipated Impacts 4-1 4.1 GeneralDescription Impact 4-1 4.1.1 Urban WastewaterTreatmant Projects 4-1 4 112 MunicipalSolid Waste Management Projects 4-2 4.1.3 IndustrialPollution Control (EPC) Projects 4-2 4.2 Iinpactson Water Quaity 4-3 4.2.1 UrbanWastewater Treaunent Projects 4-3 4.2.2 SolidWaste Management Components 4-15 4.2.3 IndustrialPollution Control Projects 4-17 4.3 - Impacton QualityImpact 4-22 .. 4.3.1 Relocationof CementProjects 4-22 4.3.2 EnviromnentalImprovement of the OriginalPlant Site 4-27 4.4 Impacton Groundwater 4-32 4.4.1 Xsai Landfillof Huangshi 4-32 4.4.2 JinkouLandfill of Wuhan 4-34 4.4.3 ShipoLandfill of XaTigfan 4-35 4.4.4 HuangjiawanLandtill of Yichang 4-37 4.5 Impacton socialEnvironmental and PublicHealth 4-40 4.5.1 DrinldngWater and Water Supply 4-41 4.5.2 Impacton PublicHealth 4-44 4.5.3 Impacton Agricultureand Fishing 4-47 4.5.4 Impacton Tourismand Landscape 4-48 4.5.5 Employment 4-48 4.6 Impactof EcologicalEnvironment 4-49 4.6.1 hnpact on AquaticEcosystem 4-49 4.6.2 TerrestrialEcological Environment 4-55 4.7 Effects of Sludge,Odor andNoise 4-58 4.7.1 Wastewatertreatnent Process and Optationof Facilities 4-58 4.7.2 Disposalof IndustrialWastes 4-61 4.7.3 SolidWaste Landfill and Its Operation 4-64 4.8 EzvironmentalImpact during the ConstnuctionPeriod 4-65 4.8.1 Impact of Trafficand Safety 4-65 428.2 Effict of Noiseand Dust 4-67 Sitigation Measures 5-1 5.1 NitigationMeasures 5-1 5.2 PrincipalContents of Migatory Measures 5-2 5.2.1 MunicipalWaste Water Treatnent Projects 5-2 (Wuhan,Huangshi, Xiangfan) 5.2.2 MunicipalSolid Waste Management Project 5-2 (angshi, Wuhan,Xlangfi, Yichang) 5.2.3 IndustrialPolution ControlProject 5-2 6. Review Alternations 61 * 6.1 WastewaterCollection and TreatmentProject 6-1 6.1.1 WastewaterTreatment Process 6-1 i.i 6.1.2 Sludge Treatment Process 6-2 6.2 Solid waste ManagementProject 6-3 6.2.1 Alternative Plan for Solid Waste Landfill 6-3 6.2.2 Landfill Site Selection 6-4 6.3 Industrial Pollution Control Project 6-5 6.3.1 Air Pollution Control Subproject of Ezhou Iron & Steel Plant 6-5 6.3.2 Industry Wastewater Treatment 6-6 6.3.3 Relocation of Jmgmenand Yichang Plants 6-7 7. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 7-1 7.1 - Purpose 7-1 7.2 EnvironmentalManagement 7-1 7.2.1 Principle for EnvironmentalManagement 7-1 7.2.2 Environmental AdministrativeOrganization 7-1 7.2.3 Implementation of EnvironmentalAdministration 7-4 7.3 Environmental Monitoring 7-7 7.3.1 Scope of EnvironmentalMonitoring 7-7 8. Public Participation 8-1 8.1 Public Comnents 8.1 82 Land Acquisition,Relocation and Resettlement 8-4 82 1 Residents Related Land Acqisiton and Resettlement 8-4 8.22 Resettlenent &5 8.2.3 Conclusion 8-7 9. Conclusion and Recommendation 9-1 9.1 Conclusion for Wastewater Treatment Components 9-1 9.1.1 Major Benefits 9-1 9.1.2 Main Adverse Effects and Mitigation Measures 9-2 9.1.3 Recommendation 9-3 9.2 Conclusionisfor Urban SolidWaste Management Components 9-3 9.2.1 Major BeneficialEffects 9-4 9.2.2 Main Adverse Effects and fitigationMeasures 9-4 iv 9.3 Conclusionfor IndustrialPollution Control Components 9-5 9.3.1 MajorEnvironmental Benefits 9-5 9.3.2 Major AdverseEffects 9-7 a . v 1. Introduction 1.1 ProjectBackground On March27, 1993the Governmentof Chinaand the WorldBank signedan agreement for a three year lendingprogram for the for the improvementof the urban environmentin four majorcities as wellas two minorcities in HubeiProvince. The project will provide approximately $ 150million to the municipalitiesof Wuhan,Xiangfan, Huangshi and Yichangfor improvements in wastewatercollection and disposal,nightsoil collection and disposaland urban solid waste collectionand disposal. For the controlof industrialpollution, funds will be providedto several highlypolluting industriesto control both water and air pollution. The project will be an importantfirst effortto cleanup urban lakesand riversalong the middlereaches of the Yangtze as wellas to begindealing with serious air pollutionproblems. The lack of sound environmentalmanagement is now at a criticaljuncture in Hubei Provinceas the paceof industrialdevelopment continues. Routinely, both domesticz-d industrial liquidwastes are dischargedinto rivers,sewers and lakesuntreated. Most of these water bodies haveseriously deteriorated to ClassIII or IV over the past few yearswith severallakes such as EastLake in Wuhanbecoming eutrophic and displayingalgal blooms each summer. Biological diversityin these lakes is also narrowingwith the successionof several speciesof carp and depositionof thick sludgelayers on lake bottoms. Watersupplies must be drawnfrom Class II reachesof the Yangtzeaway from urbancenters. In the realm of solidwaste, little or no sanitarylandfill practices are used. Most solid waste is simplydumped along the peripheryof cities. Thereis no treatmentof leachatewhich enterseither surface waters or groundwater.Collection and transferpractices are generallygood but disposalremains a seriousissue since the price of land has risen sharplyin urban areas. ModemlandfDI practices are thereforenecessary in order to maximizescarce landareas set aside fordisposal. Major investnent in all four projectcities for landfillstransfer stations and vehicles is thereforenecrssary. In the area of water qualityHubei authorities have chosen to apply an interim environmentalstrategy which seeks to maximizethe potentialof the YangtzeRiver for self purificationin the short run becauseof its large flows (23,400m/sec). This strategybasically seeksto improvethe qualityof lakesand streamsby divertingwastewater flows to the river via large collectorsand outfalls. Prior to dischargeinto the Yangtze,pre-treatment and primary treatmentfacilities are providedto removesolids and grit but not biologicaltreatment is planned inthe shortterm for econonicreasons. Hubei authorities propose to go to primaryand secondary treatmentpending additional financing and dependingon the biologicalcondition of the Yangtze Riveras these newwaste flowsare added. Sound solidwaste managementin HubeiProvince is severelylimited by the scarcityof landfillcapacity. InfomWal dumps exist at the peripheryof mostcities which needto be upgraded to sanitarylandfills. The projectwill establish such landfillsin each of the four citiesas an pilot or dernonstrationso that otherlandfills can be developedby localauthorities. The strategyis to developthese sitesso that morerefuse can be disposedof in the futureas waste flowsincrease withpopulation and generaleconomic conditions. Thestrategy associated with the industrialpollution control components is of reducingair pollutionprimarilv and wastewaterdischarges secondarily. In projectcities up to 70 percent of 1-1 wastewatereffluent are fromindustrv discharged into a combinedsewer system or directlyinto lakesand rivers. The componentswere selected on the basisof continuedfinancial viability of the enterpriseand the seriousnessof air and water pollutionfor whichthey are responsible.The relocationof two cement plant and the modernizationof a steel mill will do much to reduce ambientair qualitypollutants such as particulateand SO, in those respectivecities In addition. a pollutioncontrol fund willbe establishedfor smallindustries and the TVIEs which contributc a great share of boLhwater and air contaminantsin the Province but which are difficult to control withoutsuch financialmeans. The proposedproject is a partof the sectionalimprovement of environmentstatus and environmentalmanagement plan in HubeiProvince. Its main purpose is to supply a reliable environrmentalbackground for the futureeconomic and socialsustainable development of Hubei Province.It providesstrong supportfor the industrialdevelopment as well. It concretetargets are: 1. Strengthenthe policy,regulation and administrativearrangements on water pollution controland urbansolid wastesand excrementsmanagement, 2. Carryout the measurementsof atmosphericpollution management; 3. Support environmentimprovement of waterbodies within the province,especially the middlereaches of the YangtzeRiver. so as to meet the drinkingwater, agricultural and other waterrequirements; 4. Supply an overall strategy for the planning, optimizationand financinga combinationof urbanenvironmental basic investments. 1.2 Framework for ELAPreparation - - According to Chinese enviromnental protection law and management regulation, constructionprojects need an ELk The WorldBank's OperationalDirective 4.01: Enviromnental Assessment(OD 4.01) providescomplete procedure and requirements.In 1993,Chinese National EPA, NationalPlanning Committee, the Ministryof Finance and the People's Bank of China co- issued the Circular on Strengthening EnvirorunmentalImpact Assessment Management for ConstructionProjects Financed by Internationalfinancial Organizations (Document No.324, EnvironmentalMonitoring, June 2i, 1993), which raised specific requirements for the managementand report compilationof EIA of loan projects.The EIA requirementsby both documentsare generallysimilar. In accordancewith the requirementsof the Chinesdocument No. 324 and the Bank's OD4.01: Environmental Assessment, EIA is requiredfor bothurban pollution control projectand industrialpollution control project. Specificitems are showedin Tab.1.1.1-I In the lightof WorldBank proposal,environmental protection foreign capital utilization leadergroup office of Hubei Provinceorganized the invitingtenders commnission for the EIA of the WorldBank loan HubeiUrban Environmental Project with HubeiEnvironment Protection Bureau. Accordingto the biddingresult, Hubei project officeentrusted the ChineseResearch Academy of EnvironmentalSciences to prepare the EIA for the proposed Hubei Urban EnvironmentalProject (HUEP). 1-2 1.2.1 ResponsibleGovernment Agencies Specificprojects required EIA are distributedin six major citiesof Hubei Province,as shownin Fig. 1.2.1-I. Allthe urbanpollution preventive treatment projects and industrialpollution preventive treatment projects enterprisesare stare-owned,The project chEaracterand responsible units/executiveunits are listedin Tab. 1.2.1-l Tab.1. 1 1-I An OverallLook at the WorldBank Loan HUEP Project ProjectNamne Prmject InvestmentAmount EIA Component Location Categ ______Total 10D4 R M B C t g r LUrban WuhanWastewater Compreh. Wuhan 121851 B Wastewater Treat, Project. Teatment XiangfanWastewater Treat. Xiangm 43000 B Proect. HuangshiWastewater Treat. Huangnhi 11359.72 B Proiect. _, .Urban HuangshiSolid Waste Manage. Huangshi 3159.3 A SolidWaste Project Manage. Project. WuhanSolid Waste Manage. Wuhan 16527.32 A Projoct. ______Xiangfn SolidWaste Manae. Xiangfan 7841.5 A .PrOect _ ., YichangSolid Waste Manage Yichang 10694.72 A Project. 3.1ndustrial Compreh.Eenvir. Treat. Engi. Ezhou 56381 A Pollution Echeng Iron-Steel Control project. JingmenCement Plant PolluL Jinpinen 11703 A Treat. & Reloc. Engin. HubeiPharm. Plant Wastewater Xiangfan 1880 B Treat Engin. YichangCement Plant PolhL Yichang 11639 A TreaL & Reloc. Engin. Compreh.Treat. Engim of Xiangfan 2428.1 B XiangfanChem. Plant WasteGas & WaterTreat Engin. Xiangfan 4516 B Erxi Chan. Plant 1-3 ( Danjiangkou . FeservoIn r , NNI- Y4D$StMUwb^-5w 14tWWd0.w.t %- .f z 1 ) ~~~PNUW-.Ak)A Hena i Fhat Cb mitcta; lpt X~ a n g tee.a@tt0aisttffXCrngmacmn |r . ) N. nl,_( Anhu i \fi\ S { ~~~~Hubei I bw" Sliasll I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ enl uan~~~~~~- YiangiatIg Jiu3i~~~~~~~u-angC1*gt ^t¢-gFk rdN~~~unan /;T Ji= Jangxi/ Distribution of Proposed Projects of the World Bank Loan for Hubei Urban Environmental Proteetlon l ab. 1.2.1-1 ClharacterResponsible Ilnits/Executmi IniLsnr dheHubei Urban EnviromwnntProicci Project Namn. ProiectChanaier ResTprnsilIcUnitExecutive Unit WuhanSolid WVaasteManage. Project Domestic reIusecollcLtion. tTansferand WuhanEnviron. Health Bureau santtarv landfill NianefinSolid Wate Mlanage,Project. Asabove Xiangfan Environ.Health 1Bureau.Solid wase Company YichangSolid Waste kanatne. Proiect. As above Yiclanm Environ.Health Bureau Huan5hi Solid WasteManaqec Pro cCL Asabow Hu2sahi EnviromHealth Bureau WuhanWastewater Compreh. TreLat Urbanwastewater colle.interept) prnary WuhanUrban Construct ProiecL treat diadurec into lamrewaler body BureauitnateWatwrCompanv Xingfan WaUewaterTraL Project Urbanwastewater collc(intercepL) pretreat.. XiangranUrban Cctstruc disedrge into Han Rivcr BureawWastewaterComtanv HuangshiWastevatr TreaL Project Cihu Lakewasteumir intecept discharp HuangduUrban Conruct intoYalne River BureauuWatewarerCompaY Conipar EnviraL TreaLEngilL of Edceng Rebuildelectric finmra.c & convertNo. I EchengIrn-Steel Plant Irmn-SteelPlant sdeelworLs(vastegas treat) industr.water sntan rehuildine JingnenCement Plat PolluLTrea & Rdocarionrahnologyimprovement JingmnenCeAm PlaIm Reia.: Encim HubeiPharn. PlantWastewazer Trea.L Phiusra.'cwatr trat. & endpipe Hubei PhmnnaLPlant Enfin. YicbangCement Plat Pollut Treat Reloc. Rclocatiomstcchnologyimpnowmnent YichdagCement Plant EneinL CoxupreLTrat Engin.of iangba CheaL Wastegas recovay.trea Xianglin CheaLPlant Wase Gas & Walr Tret Engin of Erm Wac gas recvwrv se wateru a of end End Cheam Plat Cbhm Plant pe __ 1.2.2 Reference of Regulations The EIA report for the World Bank loan HUEP was compiled with reference to the following laws and regulations: "Environmental Protection Law of the PRC' ( Dec 26,1989) "Air Pollution Control and Prevention Law of the PRC" ( Sep. 5,1987) Water Law of the PRC" ( Jan. 21, 1988 ) Law on Water Pollution Prevention and Control of the PRC" ( May. 11,1984) "By-laws on the Water Pollution Control and Prevention of the PRC' (Jul. 12,1989) "Law on Noise Pollution Prevention and Control of the PRC" ( Sep. 26, 1989 ) * "Regulation on Urban Appearanceand Environmental Sanitary Management" by State Council ( May. 20,1992) 1-4 "Regulations on EnvironmentalProtection Design of Construction Project" National Environment (87) 002 - " ManagementMethods of EnvironmentalProtecton of Construction Project" National Environment (86) 003 - " Opinionon EnvironmentalManagement Problems of Construction Project " National Environmental Construction(88) 1 17 - " Announcementon StrengtheningEIA Management of International Financial Loan Construction Project " EnvironmentalMonitoring (1993) 324 - " Regulations on Implementing"Three Meanwhile" of Comprehensive Utilization of Resource Project and New Construction Engineering " (1 989) 1411 - n Outline of the EighthFive-Year Plan and Ten-Year Lancing for Urban Environmental Sanitary " (1992) 322 *"Announcementon the Charge Standardand Management Method of EIA for Hubei Construction Project" (1994 ) No. 50 * nBy-Laws on EnvironrmentalProtection Management of Hubei Construction Project "(88) No. 5 Urgent Announcementon Orgnzng the EIA Work for Hubei Urban Environment Project ofthe World Bank Loan"by the EnvironmentalProtection Foreign Capital Utilization Leader Group Office (1994) No.53 " Proposal for HUEP " ( revised report Nov. 1994) * "EIA Proposal for HUEP of the World Bank Loan " Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, (Nov. 24, 1994) Memorandum of the Proposed HUEP in China for World Bank Preparatory Delegation' (Oct. to Nov. 1994) - " Menorandum ofthe HUBEPin Chinafor World Bank Preparatory Delegation " (Jan. 11-12, 1995 ) * "Hubei Province Urban Planning 1992-2010 " (Feb. 1994) "Hubei Province Industial Pollution Prevention and Control Planning 1992-2010" (Feb. 1994) * " Guidelineof World Bank Loan Project EIA " by world bank (Jul. 1992) Regulations on the Scope Division of Iron-Steel Environmental Protection Installations (85) 1241 * "Regulations on EnvironmentalProtection Design in metallurgical Industries" (85) 1241 * " Feasibility Study Report on EnvironmentalTreatmer,t Engineering of No. I Steel Works of Echeng Iron-Steel" by Wuhan Iron & Steel Design Institute, the Ministry of Metallurgy 1-5 Proposal for Applying World Bank Comprehensive Treatment Project of Environmental Pollution by Erxi Chemical Industry Plant" "PreliminaryDesign of Drainage Works of Hubei Pharmaceutical Plant (Design No. 8817)" * " Project Proposal for Xiangfan Municipal Sewage ComprehensiveTreatment" (Feb. I9'g5) - " FeasibilityStudy Report on Hubei Wuhan East Lake Water Pollution Treatment Engineering" (1993) * "Feasibility Study Report on Huangshi Cihu Lake Water Collection Engineering" (Aug. 1993) * " Raification Opinionon EIA Proposalfor HUEP ofthe World Bank Loan " National EnvironmentAgency (Jan. 1995) Feasibility Study Report on Comprehension Treatment Engineering of Xiangfan ChemicalPlant " by Chinese Wuhan ChemistryGeneral Company 0 " Feasibility Study Report on Waste Gas & Water Treatment Engineering of Erxi Chemical Plant " by Chinese Wuhan ChemistryGeneral Company "n FeasibiEtyStudy Report on HuangshiWastewater Treatment Project " (Mar. 1995) "n FeasibilityStudy Report on Wuhan Solid Waste Management Project " (Jan. 1995) " Feasibility Study Report on Huangshi SoLidWaste Management Project " (Mar. 1995) "Feasibility StudyReport on YichangSolid Waste-ManagementProject "(Jan. 1995) "FeasibilityStudy Report on Xangfin Solid Waste ManagementProject (Jan. 1995) 1.2.3 References of Environmental Standards 1.2.3.1 Water qualitYstandards (a) Urban Wastewater Disposal Components * The class II or III standard water quality in "Surfice Water Environmental Quality Standard"( GB 3838-8 ) and class c standard in " Water Quality Standard for Landscape and Recreation"(GB 12941-91), were employed, in which class II standard for Huangshi reach of the Yangtze River, class m standard for Wuhan reach of the Yangtze River and class II for Xiangfanreach of Han River. * class II standardin " DrinkingWater Hygiene Standard "(GB 5749-85) and (GB 3838- 88 ) were used for domestic water supply sources. * "ComprehensiveWastewater Discharge Standard "( GB 897888 ) primary standard. (b) Industrial Wastewater Disposal Components * Wastewater discharge from new facilities ( including expending and up-grading 1-6 components)will be assessed in accordancewith the first level standard for first type and second type of pollutantsin " ComprehensiveWastewater Discharge Standard "(GB 8978-88) (in which. second levelfor the cement plant movement! reform, first level for Hubei Pharmaceutical Plant. Xiangfan Chemical Industry Plant and Erxi Chemical Industry Plant). - Steel industry project will be assessed in accordance with class I standard in "Water Pollutants Discharge Standard of Steel Industry "(GB 13456-96). - The impact of wastewater discharges on receiving water body will be assessed in accordance with class lL, III or IV standard in (GB 3838-88). in which class IV standard for cement plant relocation, class 1 standard for Hubei Pharmaceutical Plant and Xiang fan Chemical Industry Plant. * The impacton fisheryand landscape will be assessed in accordance with (GB 12941- 91) and (GB 11607-89). - "PollutantsDischarge Standardof SyntheticDetergent Industy" ( GB 3 548-83) second level standard. (C) Urban Solid Waste Management Components. The impact of solid waste landfillon groundwater will be assessed according to ( GB 5749-85). The impactof refise leachateon surfce water will be assessed according to (GB 3838- 88). Water qualitystandard classification will be determined in accordance with the water body function. (Wuhan Solid Waste Management Project executes class IV standard. Yichang, Xiangfan and Huangshi Solid Waste Management Projects execute class IHIstandard) - "AgriculturalIrrigation Water Quality Standard "(GB 5084-92 ), class II. * 'Comprehensive Sewage Discharge Standard t( GB 8978-88 ), primay standard. 1.2.3.2 Air Oualit Stanrds (a) Urban Solid Waste Management Components - "Atmospheric EnvirommentQuality Standard "(GB 3095-82). class I. - "MaximumAllowable Concentration of Atmospheric Pollutants for Agronomic Crop Protection "(GB 9137-88). * "EnvironmentalNoise Standard in Urban Region "(GB 3096-93), class II. - The impact of municipal solid waste treatment and disposal on air quality wil be assessed according to class II or m ( in residential area, using class II standard ) standard in 'Atmospheric Environment Quality Standard "(GB 3095-82). (b) Industrial Air Pollution Control Components * The class m of " Atmosphere Environmental Quality Standard "(GB 3095-82 ); in other areas. using class II standard in ( GB 3095-82 ) were be used for assessment in industrial areas: in landscape zone, using class I standard. * The impact on agricultural area will be assessed according to ( GB 9137-88). 1-7 * The class 11to class IV standard in " Emission Standard on Pollutant Emission for Cement Industries "( GB 4915-85 ) for relocation of cement plants. * The standards for Newly-built facility in " Pollutant Emission Standard in Steel Industries "( GB 4911-85 ). "Dust Emission Standard for Industrial Kilnsand Furnaces "(GB 9078-88) and Standard on Air Pollutant Emission From Boilers "( GB 13271-91 ! (c) Urban WastewaterTreatment Projects * " Atmosphere EnvironmentalQuality Standard "( GB 3095-82), class 11. 1.2.3.3 Solid Waste Standards (a) Urban Solid Waste Management components * n Town and County Refuse Farnland Control Standard "( GB 8172-87). (b) Urban Wastewater Treatment Components "Pollutants in Sludgeof AgriculturalUse Control Standard "(GB 4284-84) were used for agriculture use of sludge. 1.2.3.4 Noise and Vibration Standard (a) Industrial PollutionControl Projects - Duringproduction period, "Noise Standard in Industrial Enterprises "( GB 12348-90 ' and "Noise Standard on Plant Boundary "( GB 12523-90)were be employed. = The classII standardin " Standard and MeasurementMethods for EnvironmentalNoise in UrbanArea "( GB/T 14623-93)was employed. The class m standard was employed fotr the relocation of cement plants. - "EnvironmentalNoise Standard for City Port and River Banks Area "( GB 173-89) was ernployedfor municipalwastewater tmment components.. (b) Vibration Standard - "Urban EnvironmentalVibration Standard "( GB 10070-88). 1.2.3.5 Odor standards - " Odor PollutantsEmission Standard "( GB 14554-93). 1.2.3.6 Others * Environmentalfinctional zoning and corresponding environmern'_standard in Hubei province and project location. "Industrial Enterprises Design Sanitary Standard "( TJ 36-79) * "Technical Methods for Making Local Atmosphere Pollutants Emission Standard" (GBIT 1320-91 ) - Technical Principle and Methods for Making Local Water Pollutants Emission Standard" (GB 3839-93 ). 1-8 * "Removal, collection and transportation with urban environmental health special equipment" (CJ/T 29.1-91 ). * "Solid waste sanitarylandfill with urban environmentalhealth special equipment "(CJ/T 29.2-91). * "Solid waste sanitary landfill with urban environmental health special equipments" (CI/T29.391). - "Genera]technical condition for self-loading refise collection truck " (IBT 59002-88). - "Refise collectiontruck "(13 67-87). * 'Technical standard for sanitary landfill of urban living refise "(JJ 17-87). * "Design standard for urban refuse transportation "( CJJ 47-91). 1.2.4 Scope of EAs for Individual Projects The scope of assessmentfbr individualprojects are given in Table 1.2.4- 1, Table 1.2.4-2 and Table 1.2.4-3. Table 1.2.4-1 Scope of EIA for Urban Wastewater Treatment Projects 1. Projecnmmr ERAor Wuhan Urban Wasewaer Cmprve Treansem Projet Waerbody: st EastLake. Modmib. Lake.Seeds LAke.Naaazihu Lake.tbe areas ofvAick we 35. knm'(war lewd 22.0 i n. 2.5 liS (21.0 m), 390 1Kml(2l m) speively. Propod polutuo ripieI waebody: Su Lake. 33O Kim (21.4m . Fa River,about 28 Kmalkm Yage River. a umaseS. Wiin Trec abut 60 Kne Scope ofasss t on wserquality: Nardaiziha Like. to t appr res 2.5Km hrmad to he lowrdm 7about7K firnim the sewage utaiL rb area around sewage tfall Societv: are relaed to the network of sewage collection pipes and working section of die sewage teatment facor 2. Projeat name EIA of Klsi CIDULake Wastwr Treatment en Project Water body: Ci;U Lake ( abouLt.15tI K)ne Hunli reach ofthe YanglZC River. swage outfall ofport Shengyang. froimdie upper reaches 100 m fario th lower reaches S Kn far. Ecosystem: de same as owofazebody Societv: urban area ofHuanghi 1-9 3. lnjcct nune: EIA ofiXiangfan urban Wsistewuir Trealmnit Project Walerbodv: w r ea XiaoqingRiver 2.2 m ( ,Xigfan inch). NaraquRiver 1 Km ( Pipamountiu road-inletorHan river , Qili River 45 Km ( Zhenhuaroad-outfall ofXiaoqing River). Han River44AKm ( .Xinji-he upperreadcs lOOm far from thc water-using pl of Xiangfantherno-electric power atin) Ecosysae: landarea : built-upar;a of'enginecringincluding urban sewage cotlectian pipe line pumpstation and the built-up rea of Yuliangzhoupretrucaem fcsrmy In whichFInyu seage collectionpipe line 12 ;nL crossing-riverpump station 1900 Km XinxgchQag sewa2ecollection pipe line 00 m .half way ump gatim 350m 5 croming-riverpump sation 1400fre. Yuliangzhoupreireucntfactory 5.00 m: Saciety: river channelbuilt-up are over theriver andunder the river.includ ing -uiver pipe lineat theboatn of Fnvu river. 200 nr mssing-riverpipe line ofXiangfan. wih thebridgc 600 m Tab. 1.2.4-2 Scope of EIA for Urban Solid Waste Management Project Wuhan Solid Waste Management Project Xiagfan Groundwater -groundwaterunder 13.66m deep Solid Waste Strface water- -nearby area of' iaoqin River outfall whee waste water fiom solid waste Management landfill field disharges Prqject Air quality: -take landfill field as center, in the predominantwind direction extend 1.0 Km, in other directions extend .5 Km ______Noise:-built-up area ofthe laMdfillfied of solidwaste tunder station Yichang Groundwater -from andfillfield site to Dujiachong Valleyof Shahe River resevoir Solid Wasee Surfacewater -Dujiachong Vallevand Shake River reservoir Project Air quality: -take landfill fieldas center. [000 m as radius, area is about 4.0 [Ci- Soil: -nearbv area of the landfil field Ecosvstem:-the same as that of atmosphere Huangshi Groundwater: -groundwatr near the landfillfield Solid Waste Smufacewater: -surfacewater near lanfill field( lower reaches of Youjiahe Lake, Fengbo port Management and lower reaches fromoutlet of Fengboport of YangtzeRiver Project Air quality: -for the ansferstation, about 200 m aound station site for the landfill field, I KCm or aromundfield site Noise -nearbv area of the transferstazionand landfill field. 100-300 m Soil: -nearbv area of landfill field groundwaterdownstream about I Km Ecosvstem:-for the transferstationand tranportation, lav particular emphasis on impact on public health, i.e. impact of landfill field on the whole ecosystemmost be considered. main point are people and live stocks within I Km from the field 1-10 Tab. 1.2.4-3 Scope of EIA for Industrial Pollution Control Projects 1. Project namc: EIA for EnvironmentaConprehensive Trcatnent of EchengIron-Steel Plant Atmosphere: centerby the sted-makingeleetric-urnace. akce 6 Km downrind of the predominantwind. 3 Km upwindas well. the rcais about45 Krn Surfacewater: nearbvarea of theplant site. including:(I) Mingqu Ditch 3 Kin: (2) XinganRiver from the crossingplace with MingquDitch to sluice gateof Fankou1 2 Km size): (3) YangzeRivcr Echengreach. from eastouttkll to the lower reachesI Ktn Ecosystem basicallythe smneas thatof atmospheremainly including downtwn areaand landscape zone of EzhouCitv and ChongshiCitv. YanglanLake. Xiangan River andEcheng reach water a-ea of theYangtze River 2. Projectname: EIA for lingfnen CementPlant Pollution Treatment and Rdocation Engineering Almosphere: takethe new plantsitc ascenier. within aboutan uea of 40 Km9 Surfacewater: takcthe recipient water body bank arca as the scopeof investigationand prediction assssmnent Noise: newplant arca and plant boundary meanwhile wziving consideration to the villageand residential area within 0.5 Km Other: centerbv the ncwplant siteS xtending5 Km to the southand nordt 2.0 Km to the eas andwesL the totalarea is about40 Km2 3. Projectname: EIA of HubeiPharmacutical Plant Wastwatr Tnatment Enginecring Atmospherc: 500m outsidethe plant boundarv of swage treatmentplant Surfacewatr: Cuijiavinghvdroelectric hub: before dam-building. from heoutfall. where waste water discharges into Hanjiang. I00 m upstream.5000 m down-stream( Yujia Lakeplace ) afterdam- building.from thesewage outfall. I000 m upstram.5000 m downsticam( damplace) Noise: the sameas tuhtof atanospherc Ecosvstem: the sameas that of surfacewater 1-11 4. Projc*tnamc: EIA of YichangCement Plant PollutionTreatnetil and Relocation Engineering Atmosphere: 38Kin 2 areacenter bv Yaniiachongplce site.besides take Wujiaang district( 5 Km from the plantsitc ) as monitoringand forecasting area. and sensitivc points around the plant site asscope of generalenvironmental statujs investigationand atmospherieinpact prcdictionas well Surface umter: accordingto the drainageline of Yanjiachongplant sitc. take Huavanchongstream. drainage ditch at southside of thc plantand reaches where Huauanchong stream runs into Linjiangstream {Xianglin River) asscope of monitoringand assessment Noisc: Yanjiachongplant site. plantboundaav and rcsidential area widtin 5 Itrn fromthe plant. traffic noisefrom the road andrailway near the plantwill alsobe in thescope of investigationand monitoring 5. Projectname: ETAof ComprchensivcIndustrial Pollution Treatment Engineering of XiangfanChemical Plant Atmosphere: plantsite and northward to Yijiaving.southward to Yuelingwan park westwadto 5713 factorv.castward to Changhongnorth road.altogether 24 Km: Surfacewater: from 200 m upstreamof Toudao ditchwhrc cnginerins sewagedischarges into Xiaoqin River.8.3 KRnaltogether Noise: currentplant site.plant-front site. plant boundary and plant living area Ecos-crn: Fanxiindustrial area and related regions 6.Pojcctnane: ETAof Hubei EndChemical Tduatv PlantPollution Treatment Proect Atmosphere: talc ErxiChnical Plantas the center.from southto north6 Kn. from eoastto west5 Km. within a areaof about30 xm: Surfacewater: reachcsfrom 100m upstram of sewageoutlidi of the recipientriver. manriver.to downstream4 Km Noise: living Tegion.production area plant-front sitc and main communicationline Others: scopeof indusil pollutionsources iwestinzaion and asenent is thewhole plantarea of Exi chenical industry plant 1-12 1.2.5 Environmental Protection Targets 1.2.5.1 Urban ComprehensiveWastewater Treatment Project - Completelycollecting the wastewatercurrent!y discharge to the East Lake. collecting most part of municipal wastewater currently discharge to the Moshuihu Lake, Nantizihu Lake and Cihu Lake. Recovering water quality and water ecological environment of the lakes. The discharged wastewaterfrom primarytreatment plants and pre-treatment facilities have insignificantadverse impacts on currently benefice use of the Yangtze River and the Han River. especially the drinking water sources downstream of the outfalls.. 1.2.5.2 Solid Waste Management Proiect * Improving urban enviromnentalsanitary condition; protecting residents' health * Preventing Shallow groundwater of landfill field and nearest surface water from the effect of leachate. * Landfillwaste gas from landfilLhave insignificantlyadverse impacts on the are quality around the landfill field. - Have insignificant adverse impact on Soil and ecologicial environment around the landfillfield. 1.2.5.3 Industrial Pollution Control Projects Preventing residential area from the effects of waste gas and dust emissions. Reducing the toxicalcontaminations and abating the adverse effects on aquifer ecosystem of the receiving water. The relocation of Jingman and Yichang cement plants have insignificant disruption on ecosystem of the proposed site area, no adverse effiectson the residential area. 1.3 . Benefits to the Local Community 1.3.1 Social and Economical perspectives The six cities assisted by the Hubei Urban Environmental Projects play a major role in the social and economic development of Hubei Province. Wuhan, the capital of Hubei, is one of the famous historical and cultural ancient city in China, and an important hub of communicationsand commerce. Huangshi locates in south-east of Hubei Province, on south bank of middle Yangtze River.is the second biggest city of Hubei. It was ratified to be an opened city along the river by the state council. Man is also a historicaland culturalcity with 2800 years of history. It's an important communication hub. arising industrial and regional central city with an urban population of 584.000. Yichang is an imnportantindustrial base of Hubei Province located the western section ofHubei near Xilingkouof the Three groges of the Yangtze River. It is an important harbor city 1-13 on the lineof demareatonof upper and middleYangtze River. Its Currenturban populationis 380.000. Jingmen is an important communicationhub in Hubei Province with advanced comnunications.Additionally, Han Riverwhich passed Jingmen city is a rather idealfor water transport.In the beginningof 1970s, Jingmen oil refinery,Jingmen Power Plant, and a Cement Plant were established.The current urban populationis 165,600, in which no-agriculture population 1 t6.200. Ezhouis a developingcity in south-eastHubei, located in middleof the YangtzeRiver. It is an importantcomponent of the economiczone of the niddle YangtzeRiver. The populationsand GNP of the proposalcities are shown in Table 1.3.1-I Table 1.3.1-I Populationsand GNP of the ProposalCities in 1991 City POpulation(x 104) GNP(x IO'RMB) Wuhan 677.03 186.34 31.5 Huangshi 133.10 28.38 4.8 Xianzfan 663.4 96.99 16.4 Yichang 46.35 21.41 3.6 Jingmen 105.02 23.54 4.0 IECheng 93.07 15.69 2.7 Total 1717.97 372.35 63.0 Socialand economicdevelopment, environmental improvenents and upgradingof quality offlife are importantsymbols ofthe sustainabledevelopment in the economyin HubeiProvince. 1.3.2 Urban WastewaterTreatment Projects Currently.the sewagedisplacement of the three cities are up to 150 x 104tons /day. In each of the cities,there are many sewagedisposal points whichare unknownand therefore an exact accountingof flows is impossible. In East Lake in Wuhan, there are 11 dischargepoints. Streamsin XiangfanCity haveactually become wastewater channels. The capacityof urbansewage treatment is almostnon-existent. Predominantly sewage of the threecities drained directly to the environmentwithout treatment. It causes seriousimpact to waterssuch as eutrophicationin importanturban lakes,such as East Lake, MoshuiLake and Cihu Lake. In addition,most of these lakeshave majorsludge layers at the bottomwhich will makerecovery much more difficult.With the developmentof urban society and economy,the amountof urban sewagewill increase year by year. The proposed sewage collectionand treatment projects according to the urban constructionand developmentplan, are componentsof a strategicplanning approach of the three citiesand willplay an importantrole in upgradingthe sewagecollection treatment capacity of 1-14 the three citiesand improvingurban environmental situation and life quality. 1.3.3 Urban Solid Waste ManagenmentProjects Urban Solid Waste ManagementProjects includessolid waste collection,delivering equipmentsand landfillestablishment of Wuhan,Huangshi, Xiangfan and Yichangcities. With the developmentof societyand economy,the populationof the four cities will increaserapidly, then urban solidwaste willalso increasefast. It is estimated that at the end of thiscentury, the amounto urbansolid waste in Wuhanwill reach 4589 t/d, Huangshiwill reach 685 tJd, Xiangfan879 t/d and Yichang879 t/d. Currently,each city has samecapacity for collectingand dispose municipalsolid waste. The majorissues in solidwaste managementof the four citiesare the insufficientcapacity of collection,transport and sanitarylandfill. Theincreasing of urban solidwaste, lackof collectioncapacity and sanitarylandfill are urgently need to be soived for reducingthe risks to public health and tne sustainable developmentof the cities. The proposed solid waste managementprojects will increasecapacity of collection, deliveringand disposeof urbansolid wasteall round. to satisfythe requirementsof solid waste managementof the four cities. 1.3.4 Industrial PollutionControl Projects Fiveof all the plantsselected in the 6 industrialpollution control projectsare listedby nationalEPA of Chinain the namesof state 3,000key-pollution enterprises ( Echeng Iron-Steel Plant,Hubei Pharmadcal Plant,Jingnen Cement Plant, Yichang Cement Plant, End Cherical Plant).All the six plantsar state-owned. EcheneIron & Steel: Thedust emission from No. I SteelMaking Factory ofthe Echeng Iron & Steel Plant is up to 2340 tons, accountsfor 40.46% of industrialdust emissionfrom Echeng[ron-Steel Plant, and 22.94%of industrialdust emissionfrom centralregion of Ezhou City. It's one of the direct reason of causingthe atmosphereenvironmental quality in central regionof EzhouCity higherthan classI state environmentalstandard for a longtime. The industrialwastewater of EchengIron-Steel Plant is 4050 x 10' m3/a, accountsfor 93% of industrialwastewater in the city, in which3195 x 103is drainedto YanglanRiver, 75 x IO' m3 is directly drained into Yangtze River. The implementof the projectis extremelyimportant to improveatmnospheric environment quality,water, water quality,situation and livingcondition of workersand residencein Echou City. JinamenCement Plant: The emissiondust fromJingman cement plant is Accountfor 89% of industrialdust emissionin the Jingmanurban area. The existinghighly polluting facilities in the citycenter would be shut down and a new 600 t/d cementclinker plant built outsidethe city withthe samecapacity as the existingunits. 1-15 YichanuCement Plant: The emissiondust from Yichangcement plant is approximately 2601tonslyear, account for 59'?/D of dust emissionin Yichangurban area. The proposedproject is similarto Jingmancement Plant. Hubei PharMacguicPlant: the dischargedcontaminations with nitrobenzeneand nitrophenol from the plant is account for 43.63% of industrialpollutants in Xiangfan city. The projectis for a treatment plantto allow compliancewith discharge standards. XiangfanChemical Plant: The main production of the plant is paratrisodiumphosophate. the projectis for gasand water pollution abatement. Erxi ChemicalPlant: The plantproduces a varietyof chemicalsbased on synthesisgas produced from paricle oil oxidation,The major pollutants are nitric acid andNOx in wastegas, and COD, suspended solids, ammonia, CN andoil in wastewater, 1.4 Schedule 1.4.1 Preparation for Project March, 1995: Pre-appraisal June, 1995: Appraisal Sep, 1995: Negotiation 1.4.2 Construction Period Construction Period is listed in Table 1.4.2-1 Tablel.4.2-1 ConstructionPeriod Proect Name Cmucian Period StalrFinh Time Wuhn WasewaurTreamnt Project 43 1995.1-1995.12: engaing design _.. . .. ~~~~~appraisalt1996-2000: orutiion1 Xianagin Watcuater Treanim Project 36 1995.1-1995.12: enginering design: 1996-1999: cwsuction Humphi Wastwaier Trenatent Project Wubm SolidWaste Management Project 36 1995.21998.1 Yidung SolidWaste Magnem t Project 36 1994-1995:ELA.agincering desiv; 19.6-1999:comnuctan Xigfan SolidWaste Management Project 60 1995-2000 Huangi SolidWaste Management Projet 36 CompreheaivePollPtion Control Engineing of Elung 1mm-Steel 34 1995.2-1993.12 Plant PollutionControl & RelocationEngineerng of JingnenCement Plant is WanewaerTreatmem Engieeing or RubciPhannaceutical Plant 24 PollutionControl & RelocationEnginering of Yidung CnrentPlan is ComprehensivePollution Treatment Proje of XiMang%anChemical 9 FluorineConaining Etu. Treamen Projectof En:dChemiucl 24 Indusr Plait 1-16 1.5 Magnitude of EIA Effort The EIA Report for HUEP are prepared by the Center for EnvironmentalPlanning and Assessment,CRAES, in close cooperation with the local institutes and sectoral institutes under the supervisionof the HlJEPO. Base on the Environmental Screening of the proposed project, The overallEIA of the Project is consideredto full into the Category A. The present document is compiledaccording to a fullEIA requirermentsby Chinese regulation (No.324) and the World Bank's OD401: EA. The period of EIA preparation is from December, 1994 to May, 1995. CRAES has prepared an term of reference for EIA preparation to meet the Chinese (NEPA) requirements. The term of referencefor EIA of the projectwas prepared based on the Chinese requirement and the requirement of OD4.0 1: EA, and has been reviewed and approved by the .pproved by the NEPA at Jan, 1995. The final EIA Report has been reviewed in the early of May and meet the Chinese EIA requirement. The Center for EnvironmentalPlanning and Assessment is also responsible for the supervision and the technical support to the individual EIA preparation. The detailed commentary were submitted to the local institutes and sectoral institutes to assist them to improving the individualETA Report for meeting the Bank's requirement as close as possible. The overall EIA report were prepared based on the ;nformation of the individualEL reports. No additionalfield data was generated as part of this effect. The list of EIA documents is shown in the Table 1.5-1. Specialistsare list below: Contractor for EIA execution: Chen Fu ( legal representative, president) ER- group: Li Yanwu Chai Faihe Liu Feng Cui Jianxiang Han Ymiian Chen Hanli Zhang Defia Zhanghuiqin Yang Zhiing ChaenYizhen Wang Huiting Wang BoB ZhangChangiun Li Xiaomin Shi Donghi Li miin Dai Wennan Hu Bingqin 1-17 Table 1.5-1 List of EIA Documents N o. ' Project ______:_- I OverallEIA for HUEPProject CRAES 2 rIA for HuhanWaster Treatment ProIcLt HubeiEnvironment Protection Research Institute 3 EIA for XzangfanWastewatr TreatmentProject 4 EIAfor HuangshiWastewater Treatment Project 5 EIAfor HuhanSolid Waste Management Project CcntralSouthem China Electric Power 6 EIAfor HuangshiSolid Waste Management DesignInstitutc 7 EIAfor XiangfanSolid Waste Management CRAES& HuhwaUniversirt 8 EIAfor YichangSolid Waster Management CRAES 9 EIAfor EnviromentalCona l Projectof EchengIon BeijingEIA United Corporation & Steel Plant 10 EIAfor WastewaterTreatmt Projectof Hubei The 2nd HarborEngineering Design PharmaceuticalPlant Institute 11 EIAfor Relocationof lingmenCement Plant TianjinCement Indusazv Design Institute 12 EIAfor Relocationof Jingmen CementPlant 13 EEAfor IndustrialPollution Control Project of HuhanChemical Engineering XiangfanChesnical Plant Corporation 14 E|A forPollution Treatment Project of ExiCheiiical CRAES I Plant 1-18 2. Project Description ProposedUrban Environmental Management Project includesl3 specificprojects which needundertaking EIA as mentionedin Chapterone. L1 Urban Wastewater Treatment Components UrbanWastewater Treatment (UWT) components include establishment of wastewater col!ectionsystems, pre-treatment and primary treatment in Wuhanl,Huangshi, and Xiangfan.The maintargets are to improvethe drainagesystem of the three cities,to treat the wastewaterto a preliminarydegree, to improvethe environmentalsituation of urbannatural waters and assist with recoverof theirvarious functions. The main contents of the UJWrproject are shownin Table2. 1- 1. WuhanEast Lake Wastewater System -The WuhanEast Lake wastewatercomponent is designedto addressthe pollutionof East Lake, which is the source of drinkingwater for the populationof the lakearea, whosebank extendingover 111.5km, is one of the most improtant scenicattaction in Wuhan.The lakehas been receivingsubstaintial quantities od municipaland industrailwastewater for manyyears. The lake is sihnificantelypolluted and experiencinghavy eutrophication. The component provides for the collection,treatment, and disposal of municipal wastewatercurrently discharged to the lake, and in stege 1 providesfor interceptionof all wastewater and primarytreatment at shahu plant to be augrnented,new erlangmiaoand longwanzuiwastewater collection and primarytreatment facilities. Effluents from the facilities flowrespectively to the Luojiagangfor dischargeto the YangtzeRiver and NanhuLake. WuhanHankou Wastewater System - The WuhanHankou wastewater system provides for addtioanalwastewater collectors in wast Hankouto improvingthe standardesof municipal servicesfor a majorcenter of populationcurrently experiencing rapid urban developmentand reducingexisting risks to publichealth and to imrove the standardof amenityin the densely populationurban area. Wuhan Hangan WastewaterSvsteur - The Hanyangwastewater system provides for collection,pre-treatment and disposal of municipalwastewater currently discharged to Moshuihu Lake. and in stage I for interceptionof 75% wastewaterand new Nantaizihupre-treatment facility.Effluent from the facilitydischaeges to the YangtzeRiver. HuangshiChengiiawan Wastewater Systern - The HuangshiChengjiawan wastewater system designedto address the pollution of Cihu Lake, which is a shallow lake located immediatelyadjacent to the centerurban area and businessdistrict of Huangshi. The Chengjiawancomponent provides for the collection,pre-treatment. and disposalof municipalwastewater currently discharged to Cihu Lake. In Stage I developementof the wastewatersystem includes one trunk sewer collectingmunicipal wastewater from southern sectionof the catchmantarea, withpre-treatment, prior to dischargeto the YangtzeRiver, via the existingShayangang canal. XlangfanWastewater System - The Xlangfanwastewater system component provides for collection,pre-treatnent, and disposalof municipalwastewaster currently discharging to Qili, Xiaoqihu.Moat and HanRiver. In stage I the syatemprovides for collectionof all wastewater in Fanchengarea and pre-treatmaentfacility at the YuLiangzhouisland site. A pilot treatmentplant 2-1 Table 2.1-1 The maincontents of urbanwastewater Collection and TreatmentComponent Locations Collectionsysterns Srvicearas Treatmenmplants ReceivingWater Bodies Ivestment (10.000RNIB) Hanyung MoshuiLake Area MoshuiLake Region NanlaihuTreating Plant YangLzeRiver at Wuhan 12185 'Me West South-NorthChangfeng Area Wetn Hankou WcsiernTreating Plant FuheRiver, Ianckou AirportRiver Area Develop.Area At Westemto Yingze YangtzeRiver at Wuhan Wuhan River ShahuJishui Area EastArea ShahuPlant YangkcRiver EastLake Area in Wuchang LongwnmgzuiArea East, NanhuAreas LongwangzuiPlant Nanhu Lake EflangniaoArea Eat Area Erlangiiao Plant YangLzeRiver at Wuhan Huangshl SouthBank bMin Line CihuArea Chetia!wanPlant YangtzeRiver at Wuhan 11359.72 Fancheng FanefttigArea Yulianpe"ouPlant HanRi er 43000 Xiangfan 2-2 would develop a set of practical design criteria for furter stage works. Currently.wastewater flows of the three cities are shown in table 2. 1-2 to part of which is flow. In each of the cities, there are many sewage disposal points which are unknown and therefore an exact accounting of flows is impossible. In East Lake in Wuhan, there are II discharge points. Streams in XiangflinCity have actually become wastewater channels. The capacityof urban sewagetreatment is almost non-existent. Predominantlysewage of the three cities drained directly to the environmentwithout treatment. It causes serious impact to waters such as eutrophication in important urban lakes, such as East Lake, Moshui Lake and Ci Lake. In addition,most of these lakes have major sludge layers at the bottom which wiHmake recoverymuch more difficult With the development of urban society and economy, the amount of urban sewage will increaseyear by year. The proposed sewage collection and treatment projects according to the urban constructionand developmentplan, are componentsof a strategic planning approach of the three citiesand willplay an importantrole in upgradingthe sewage collection treatment capacity ofthe three cities and improvingurban environmentalsituation and life quality. Table2.1-2 The Wastewater Discharges of the Three Cities Cic _ Receiving -WerBodic Watemr .munt Ohtaind(x 0Itn'd) Wuhan Eake IS.16 Mc.huiLAkc .L12 :______- Fube River 20 ;Nuani Gi 1a Like 19.1 Migran Han River.Xiaoqinghe simm. Qili stmm ecw 53.2 2.1.1 Wastewater TreatmentProjects in Wuhan City The WuhanCity urbanwastewater management project consists of wastewater collection systm in East Lake and 3 wastewatertreatment plants in Erlangmiao, Shahu and Longwangzui; a wastewater collection system and wastewater treatment plant in Western Hankou; the wastewater collection system and wastewater treatment plant in Moshui Lake wastewater discharge area in Hanyang Region. In addition, water exchange engineeringin East Lake of Wuchang and Moshui Lake of Hanyangis also included in the projects. The purposesofthe componentsare as foflowing:(1) to solve pollution problems in East Lake to maklethe water quality meet the need for drinking, tourism, breeding and cultivation, . farm irrigationand entertainmentand firther to improve ecological enviromnentof the Lake area; (2) to add wastewater collectingsystems in Western Hankou in order to perfect urban service facilities.to reduce the existingthreatening to the public health and to improve environment in the region,(3) to restore water qualityin East Lake in order to improve the drinkingwater quality 2-3 for more than I million persons in the region and to enhance the sustainable development of industry and tourism. 2.1.1.1 WastewaterCollectionSystems (a) Moshuihu Lake Wastewater Interception System of Moshui Lake in Hanyang The trunk sewers from eastem Hanyangstreet to eastern Moshui Lake along Lanjiang Road are connected with LiantongCanal to the treatment plant at the north to Nantaizihu pre-treatment plant site. The systemintercepts more than 70% wastewater currendy discharged to Moshui Lake. (b) Wastewater Collection System in West Hankou The system include two sections: Changfen North-South Wan Region: A Combined interception wastewater pipes are designed to build for collecting wastewater in the major center of population, with service area of 30 k 2. The collectedmunicipal wastewater, via the existing Xindun canaL Jinkou canal, and Legatine Canal, are drainged into pre-treastment facility site. Air port River Area: The interception trunk sewers is designed for collectiong wastewater ofthe new technologydevelopmental zone in wester Hanlcouwith service area of 24.67 km2, the trunk connectes with Western wastewater Pre-treatment plant (c) Wastewater Collection Systems in East Lake Area of Wuchang Three interception regions are included in networks: Shahu Catchment Area: The rehabilitionof interception pipe lines provides for urban area 16 km2 of Sanbei developingzone as well as Wugelu, ShuiguoLake and Zhuodao Quan area, and the trunk divering wastewater to the shahu primary treatment plant, prior to discharge to the Yangtze River. LongwangzuiCatchment Ara The east and west wasewater rystemsare provide fiorurban area of 34 kan The east tunc sewers is designedfor collectingwastewater currently draining into East Lake, while the weste trunk sewer is designed to build along Nanhu Lake for collecting wastewater currently discharged to Nanhu Lake from Geshinanlu area. The intercepted wastewater will be treated at Longwangzui Treatment Plant prior discharged. Erlanzmiao Catchment Area: The sewer pipes, with a service area of 22.35 knI, provide for collectiong domestic wastewater from the lake area to around Liyuan Gate of East Scenery Region. The collected wastewater is drainged to Erlangmiao wastewater treatment plant. In the project, seven wastewater treatmentplants wil be built or extended, of which 4- plants are new and one extended in Wuhan City, one built in Huangshi City and one built in Xiangfan City. 2.1.1.2 Proposed Wastewater Treatment Plants The technicalcharacters, draining types and accepting water bodies are illustrated in Table 2.1.1-1. 2-4 The technological processes of wastewater treatment engineering: The wastewater treatment plan in Wuhan City, except for process with common active sludge method, includes primary treatment processes in the plants such as those in Erlangmiao and in Longwangzui of Wuchang, those in western Hankou and Nantaizihu plant in Hanyang. The proposed sludge treatment method is lime-stabilization. 2.1.1.3 The Water Replace Engineering in East Lake The target of Water Replace Engineering is tomaintan the water level of East Lake, washingthe Lake and diluting wastewater (including surface flow), improving water quality for irrigation, and finallyrestoring the ecosystem of East Lake. Tatal wastewater amount: 15x I 0'mn/d (5,482x I0 4m1a) Control water level: 19.65m (the level in Huanghai) Water resource: Yangtze River Flow: 2.3m31s Period for water exchange: 275.88 days 2-5 Table 2. 1.1-1 Characteriseof WastewaterTreatment Plants to be builtin WuhanCity Capacily Waslewater BODjmng/L SSmglL Sludge Sludge Drainig Remarks (m0/d) Technoogy - Treatment Treatment in out in out Type WaterBody Wuchang Shahu 50,aO Secondary 1E0 126 196 173 Content,mixing 5 111'nNai AlongBank. YangueRiver Thepresent secondary Common , dehydrogenale, Uravity capacityis SXlIOnId;sludge adivesludge limemethod, tretnmentdoesn't use lime for method sludgestab. stability,exits orpipes iAith ;tavity pressureare at IlOOni oflower reachestram Luojis htarbor. Erlang 160,000 Common 211 148 235 III to beplaned Sameu above YangtzeRiver Exisof Pipes%with gravity miao primary prersureare at 300400mor lowerreaches rrom Luojia Harbor Lorgw 137,200 Common 214 150 242 121 to beplanned Sameas above NanhuLake anpul primary llsnkou West 400,000 Common 236 236 282 282 to beplanned Sameas above FuheRiver Hanko pdmary y River u . South 100,000 Common 225 225 273 273 to beplanned Sameas above YangtzeRiwvr H&nyang TTazi primauy Ifanyang2Lake 2-6 2.1.2 Wastewater Collection and Treatment Component in Xiangfan Wastewatercomponent in XiangianCity consists of wastewater interception engineering in Xiangchengand the pre-treatmentfacility at Yuliangzhou island site. The project provides for collection of existing discharged wastewater and passing the wastewater into wastewater pre- treatment plant in Yuliang island site(the secondaTytreatment plant is planed for the secondary stage of wastewater treatment project), with pre-treatment. prior to discharge to the lower reaches of Han River at Xiangfan.The component would significantly reduce pcllution of the Xiaoqing River and Han River at the urban section. thereby reducing the risk of contamnination of water supply intakes. improvingand enhancec the amenity of waterfront developmentand. All municipalwastewaters currently discharged to Qilihu, Xiaoqinghe and Han River from existing combined sewer systems is designed to collected by additional two trunk sewers. one is the Fanchengnorth trunk interceptng municipal wastewater from the areas of Zhenhua Road, Hanjiang Beilu, Qilihe Road, Chunyuan Road, Qianjin Road and Daqing Road. Another is Fancheng south trunk, constructing along north bank of Hanjiang River, collecting municipal wastewater from areas of Migong Road, Yingxu Road and Hongguang Road. All wastewaters are drainged wastewaterto Yuliangzhoupre-treatment facility, via Qinghukou pump station and prior to dischargeto the Han River. North main pipe at Qinghekou, and then the wastewater will the presure pipe on the the bottom of the River. The estimated wastewater flow is approimately 6.887m3 Is. The pre-treatment facility is located at northern Yuliangzhou island, with fine grid and aerated grit settling tanks. Effulent from the pre-treatment ficility flow into the Han River via a disposal pipe. 21.3 Wastewater Collection and Treatment Component in Huangshi The component provides for inereption, pre-treatnent facility and disposal of municipal wastewater currently disharged to Clhu Lake. one trunk sewers is designed to collecting municipal wastewater from southern section of the catchmnentarea with service area of 14 In; and service populationof 120,000.The intercepted wastewater is approximately 10.54 x l 0cpd The distribution of sewer pipes and pump stations are shown in Table 2.1.3- 1. Table 2.1.3-1 Distributionof sewer pipes and pump stations Waysof Pipe Lines Capacitvof Pump Lengthof Lines Diameterof Pipes Station(X10' Shachang-Garden Punp GardenStation:6.0 main lines: 6.8 d400- 500 Station-Geeral Mech. SteelPlant Stza:9.0 total: 15.4 FaCL--SteelPlant Butildingz Pump Station-Chenjiawan Chenjiavan Area Sta.: 10.0 __ Note: informationas presentedbv the Constuction Institute. 2.2 Urban Solid Waste Management Projects Urban solid waste managementcomponents include solid waste collection, equipments 2-7 and landfillsin Wuhan, Huangshi. Xiangfan and Yichang cities. With continued development of the economy and the population increases in the four cities. urban solid waste will also increase. Table 2.2-1 demonstrates that at the end of this century, the amount of urban solid waste in Wuhan will reach 4589 t/d, Huangshi 685 t/d, Xiangfan 879 tld and Yichang 879 t/d. The weight capacity of Wuban soild waste in gas-fired region, the average weight capacity of solid waste is 387.5 kg/r (totally lOlmeasurements); and in coal-fired region, the value is 461.6kg/.m3 (totally 78 measurements). Average in two regions is 424.6kg/nmi. The weight capacities of solid waste in Xiangfan and Yichang are 567kg/mr3 and 600 kg/m3 respectively.The various of Weight capacity of solid waste in Huangshi is between 630kg/m 3 and 690kg/m3n.The components of solid waste in proposed cities are shown in Table 2.2-2. Table 2.2-1 The Historical, Current and Predicted Quantities of Urban Solid Waste in the Four Cities Wuhansolid wast (year) 11990 1992 I'94 2000 I Wuhansolidwaste.urbanpopulationIO') 334 351 358 385 Totulurbanamount 3879 4051 4195 4 Treatmentanount by EPB [_2715 | 2840 2936 4118 |Huangshisolid waste c year) f_1991 1992 1993 2000 Urbanpopulation (It) 52-3 53.1 57 64 Totalurban solid waste amount j493 521 545 685 Trcalmantamount by EPB j_2501370 260/380 270f410 510 Xiangfansolid waste (vear) 1991 1993 2000 Urbanpopulation ( 10w) 54A 56.7 58.4 80 Totalurban solidwast .mount 477 521 564 879 Treatmentamount by EPB _ _334 1 364 1 395 792 - rYichangsolidwaste(year) 1990 1991 1992 2000 Urbanpopulation(. IO') f36.4 38.3 39.1 60 Totalurban solid xwaste amount ( ton/day) 382 366 380 693 TreatmentLaMount bv EPB 266 255 266 622 Theamoum of solidwaste to be treaedin sum 5459 6846 Currendy,each city has some capacity to collect and dispose of garbage. For example, Wuhan has 3 sanitarylandfills ( withthe treatment capacity of 2225t/d). Huangshi has a sanitarylandfill (withthe treatment capacity of 100-120 t/d). Xlangfan has a simple landfillsand Yichang has a landfill(with the treatment capacity of 250-350 tld). The main problems of solid waste managementofthe Four cities are the insufficientcapacity of collection, transport and disposal The current method of collection, transfer and disposal and current practices cause severe impactsto the urban environment, especially the uncontrolled piling at some temporary landfill or dispose sites, and lack of strict quality control. 2-8 The proposed solid waste management projects will increase capacity of collection, transfbrringand disposalof urban solid wastes, to satisfy the requirements of sound solid waste management in all four cities (See Table 2.2-3). Table 2.2-2 The Contents of Solid Waste in Proposal Cities Unit: % Citv Organic Inorganic Paper Fibk-.- Plastics Metz! Glass substance substance Wuhan 37.70 52.10 3.65 1.00 2.55 0.55 2.30 Huangshi 31.00 3.20 0-34 2.40 0.14 1.18 Xiangfan 25.79 74.21 1.68 0.38 1.54 0.17 0.93 Yichang 14.19 78.77 1 2 0.9 1.5 0.43 3.4 Note: Statistical periods for Wuhan are the average of 1988 and April-June of 1994; Statisticalperiods for Huangsbi and Xiangfan are 1993 and 1992 respectively, Slatisticalperiods for Yichang are the average of I988(Jan.- Nov.). 1991(Jan. - July). 1993(Jan. - Aug). Table 2.2-3 Key Elements of SWM Component Pmposal Vechiles Transfer SanitarvLandfill citv Stations Site Capacity(t/d) Savig Time (year) Wuhan 30 7 JilCou 2000 10 Huanfshi 16 10 Xisai 250 15 Xianfan 35 25 Shipo 630 17 Yichane_ Huangiiawen 500 15 LlA Solid Waste Management Component in Wuhan 2.2.1.1 Vechiles and Transfer Stations Vechiles:It is proposed to equipe 30 compressionvehicles with capacity often-tonnage. The daily transportation capacity will be more than 1000 tons/day. Transfer Stations: Seven new closed transfer stations with daily capacity of 40 tons provide fbr seven blocks in Qiaokou Region and Jianghan Region that have mo tansfer stations yet. 2-9 2.2.1.2 Jinkoulandfill Wuhan Jinkousolid waste Sanitarv Landfill Place is located outside Zhanggong Dike in the northwest suburbs of Wuhan Hankou, with the Airport River on the east and wastewater outfallditch of DongxihuLake on the north. On the southeast it faces Hankou Gas Factory and on the south it is next to Zhanggong Dike. Around the Landfill site there is only a small dwellingarea and a dairv-farmabout 1.2kmfor away on the northeast. without schools, scenic spots and historic resorts. landscapearea and natural protection area in the arca. The proposed land for the Sanitary Landfill covers an area of 74.7 ha and will be constructedin two phases.construction consists of solidwaste landfill reservoir region, leachate collectionand treatmentfacility, enviromnental monitoring and management, residential area and road system. The first-period project lies between Zhanggong Dike and the high tension wire, and is divided into A, B and C three small landfillregions. The administration area lies in the upwindof predominantwind of the wholeyear and summer,without adverse effect by landfilling operation. The daily treatment capacity of proposed landfill is 2000tId, with the capacity of 658.Bx I Om3 and the fixed service period to be 10 years. Design Parameteres are shown in the Table 2.2. 1-1. Table 2.2. 1-2 Global Design Parameters Todalsurface area [74.7 ha !Landfillingarea [68.2 ha Totalvolume ( nett) 6.59xl Dm' avcrag heightof the wastepackagc 12.7m L20 m in FS) Utilizationperiod 10yeasi iandfiig operation ccl method finalcovering laver 0.5 m clav 0.5 m naturalsoil .__. _ ._ __ vegemauion 2.2.1.3 LandfillineOperation The landfillingwill be operated accordingto the cell method, cell will be the size of one or two days supply. The sanitary disposal method is proposed for Jingkou landfill. Landfilling Process is below: The 'Excavation and Stacking ' process is employed in the proposed Jingkou landfill. In the first phase, the landfillarea ia approximately35 ha, with 4.5 meters depth excavation and 17.5 meters height of stack. It's divided into three small landfill regions of D.E and F, with a 1.5m high separation dike between them. Each small region will operate separately, with the landfillcarrying on in tums. Practical operation will be carry out by parts. Each part is divided into several landfill 2-10 units, Landfillingwill use a circulationworking programme consisting of landfill,dozing, compressingand earth-covering by units and bv lavers. Solidwaste transferdd into landfill place bv closed vechilesand compressiontrucks will be weightedfirst, then sent to fillingunit along the temporaryroad for unloading.Using tracked bulldozerto dozethe solidwaste to 0.5 metersthick and then repeatedlyroll it with roadroller untilthe solidwaste density reaches0.95-1.2 ttm 3. whilethe filledsolid waste layer reaches3.0 metersthick, cover a clay layerwith 0.25m. Final capping, cover Lhelandfill with 0.5 meters thick clay and 0.5 meters thick nourishingsoil and afforest the area. 2.2.1.4 Bottom Protection To preventthe leachateimpact on undergroundwater,the landfill bottom requiresgood waterisolation prevention. Based on the infonnationof geohydraulicsurvey in the site in recent time,the bottom soil of the landfillsite is clay withmore than 25 meters(K< I0' to IO) and thegroundwater is confinedin the regions. It is satisfythe requirementsof leachateprevention and artifialleachate prevention measures are unnecessary. 2.2.1.5 Leachateand Landfillingias Collection (a) Leachateand LandfillingGas Collection Wastegas produced from Wuhan Jinkou hygienic landfill is proposedto use permeation drainageand gas leadingsystem with channels on the bottom and verticalstone bars whichare longitudinaland horizontal,up anddown connected. Its horizontaldistribution is the same with permeationsolution collection system. Stone bars are about2m higherthan garbagesurface and increasetogether with garbage landfill. When the designheight of landfillis reached. Stone bars is coverdfrom top by 1.0m thick soil.Gas leading tube is 0.5 m highabove the coveredtop. Thewaste gas id dischargedor used as fue. (b) LeachateCollection and Treatment Thecollection of leachateat WuhanJinkou landfill adopt a combinationengineering with horizontalchannel and verticalstone bars connected. On the bottom of the landfill,a channel is placedevery 50 m along the horizontaldirection (East to West),around the channel,sloped are builton the two sides (East to West).The sipoe is 2.5%. The collectedleachate will treated with bioactivated sludge method(USAB). 2.2.1.6 Run-offDrainage Measures Therun-off by rainand leachatefiom the landfillarea are separatedby drainageditches aroundat landfillsite. The separationdrainage system consists of three parts: run-offdrainage outsidelandfill and run-offdrainage inside system, and run-offdrainage system after landfill enclosed. 2.2.1.7 The Operationof SWMin Wuhan The landfillwill be controledand operated by the WuhanEnvironmental Sanitation Bureau (WESB).The city's seven urban districtESBs will continueto be responsiblefor 2-11 providingmunicipal collection and streetsweeping, under the quidanceand supervisionof the WESB. The proposed staff for SWMproject is 255 persions. As publicand supplementdevices of the engineering,landfill operation must be supplied withautomobile storages. automobile washing plants, ground weightings, multipurpose building, electric supply rooms and repairingworkshop and 3 automobilefor daily use, I electricity generator,4 sets of wirelesstelephones, instruments and meters for various monitoringand analysis,excavating, bulldozer and rolleringmachines, also computerdevices for date analysis, edit and print of documentsand reports. 22.2 Solid Waste Management Component in Huangshi 2.2.2.1 TransferStations The component provides 16 vechilesand 10 transfer stations with capacity of 40 tons/day,distributed throughout the wholecity. 2.2.2.2 XisaiSanitary Landfill Site XisaiSanitary Landfill site is locatedto the east of Huangshiurban area, with an area of 14ha, in whichabout 6ha is the branchof YoujuahuLake and the other part is sloped. It is about 1Okmfar fromthe limekiln region on the west,circled by mountainson three sides and facinga lakeon the otherone. It standsnext to YegangInorganic Salt Factory on the northeast and is less than 200maway from the roadof Huangshito Weiyuankou. There are no residentialdwelling houses and Cultivated Lands in the site and downstreamarea, so generallyno emigrationproblems exsists. Servicetarget of the projectis urban like solid waste treatmentof the LimeKiln Region in HuangshiCity. The Lime Kiln Regionhas a population of 1S.28x0l person and the dailyoutput of various solid waste totals up to 175t.The utwsportation plan is that zrmsferwiucks go out of the Lime Kilm Region, along current Xihe Road to the landfillplace area. The landfillis designedto have a capacityof 73xlO4m3 withdaily treatment capacity of 150t/d and annualtreatment scale of 5.5x104t/d. Its fixedservice period will be 15 years. 2.2.2.3 .Landfillin2Methods Thelandfill will be operatedaccording to the cell method,cell will be the size of one or two days supply. Technologicalprocess of the sanitarylandfill place in this projectmainly are: weighing, filling,rolling covering with day, gas collectionand ueatment,leachate collection and treatment, and afforesting,tec. The landfillis dividedinto A, B and C zones. Bottomtemporary roads (brokenstone road,7 m wide, 0.6 m thick) are set for both parts in operation.Landfill fron the start point of the temporalroad to about60n -and3m thick and roll by layer.Cover it with 0.25 m thick clay on the same day and roll it firmly.Landfill like this along the two sides of temporaryroad repeatedlyuntil the first 3m is finished.Then pave the samebroken stone temporalroad on the solidwaste, and landfillin the sameway till the placeis sealed. 2-12 Wet bulldozerand rollinginstruments are set on the landfillplace. For finalcapping. cover and finishingit with200mm thick clay with 500mmnatural soil overthe claylayer, Finally, put a nourishingsoil layer with I Ommthick on the landfil!site and afforestit with vegetationto protect soil loss. Verticalexhaust ducts are 2m higherthan the top cover,with the top side incliningto the No.2Pit directionwith a slopeof 5%. 2.2.2.4 BottomProtection The leachateon the bottom:to preventthe leachateimpact on undergroundwaterthe landfillbottom requiresgood water isolationprevention. From relative geologicinvestigation data, the soil layersof Huangshilandfill regions are nicewater isolationlayers, can all satisfy the requirementsof leachatepretection. 2.2.2.5 Leachateand LandfillinaGas Collection (a) LandfillingGas Collection A gas collectionsystem is builtin Xisailandfill. It is consistesof 64 verticalg ;s tubes established in landfillregion with serviceradius of 20 meters. The vertical gas tubes are connectedwith horizontal permeation drainage system on the bottomto verticallylead gas and drainpermeation. The verticalgas tubesincrease with the garbagepiling and are generally2 m highabove garbage surface. To avoidcollision to verticalgas leadingtubes by runningmachines and to stablizethese tubes.stone bars are designedat the outsideof the leadingtubes with 1.2 m diameter,around the stonebars are steelwire nets withindustrial cloth coveredinside then crushedstones with 20-30 diameterare thrown in. (b) LeachateCollection and Treatment System The anaerobic and aerobic method is adopted to treat leachate at Xisai landfill.The processis: the leachateis collectedby permeationdrainage channel and drained into adjusting pond,then pumpedup to 2-levelsupfiow anarbic sludgebed to be anaerobicallytreated. After primarysetting, the leachateenters the oxidationpond, then precipitatedin secondarysetting pond. disinfectedby addingchlorine, then poured into naturaloxidation pond and drainedin YoujiahuLake after reachingthe standard. The concentrationof BOD5 , CODarand SS dischargedfrom the sewage treatment system, respectivelyare smallthan <30 mg/L, < 100 mg/Land 2.2.2.6 Run off Measures The drainagesystem for rainwater run offiwillbe builtwith three parts: Drainsaround the landfillsite to interceptrun offfrom enteringthe site; Rain drainage systemin operatiryand non-operatiryzones Drainageand discharge system after closing of the landfill. 2.2.2.7 Operationof the SWMProject The new landfillwill be controlledand operatedby the Huangshi Enviromnetal Sanitation 2-13 Bureau (HESB). The urban district ESBs of Huangshi gang, Shihuiyao. Xialu and Tieshan will continue to be resposible for providing municipalsolid waste collection and street sweeping. 2.2.3 SolidWaste ManagementComponent in Xiangfan 2.2.3.1 Transfer Stations Construction of 25 transfer stations thoughout the urban area to accept MSW from hand carts and small collection vechilesfor transfer to large trucks for transpotation to Shipo landfillsite. 2.2.3.2 Shipo Sanitary Landfill Site Shipo Sanitary Landfillis located in Xiangfan City, 9km away from the urban area of Fanchengon the south and 1ln awayfrom Qingherdianon the southeast. The site is about 4km awayfrom XiangdengRoad to the east and 3.5km away from Xiangbei Railway Station to the southeast, havingtransport facilities.The site lieson the border between the city and the county,' far away from dwelling area and without any cultural historic resorts. The occupited area of Shipo Sanitary Landfill site is approximately 66.22 ha with capacity of 513.2 104m3. The desing service period is 17 years. Shipo Landfillsite is used for urbansolid waste dumping now. No residents lived in the area. Existingtreatment capacity of the landfillis approximately 380 t/d. It is anticipated that the capacityof the landfill will increaseto 630tfd, 740 t/d and 940t/d by 2000, 2005 and 2010 respectively. The design parameters are listed in Table 2.2.3-1 2.2.3.3 Landfill Methods SoLidwaste disposal in Shipo will use sanitary landfill method. In practicaloperation, solid waste is transfered into the place by vechiles and unloaded in planned area after being weighed. It's spread by the bulidozer and rolled by the roller with daily covering. Bottom of the landfillplace is designed to be natrually underlinedwith original clay, on which drainagesysten willbe placed. Landfiuing height of each unit is 3 m, and a layer of about 20 to 25cm thick clay will be covered on after being rolled to prevent mniceand flies from breeding.Landfill each unit by layersand set exhaust ducts vertically every 30m. When the whole landfill place attains designed capacity, cover it with one meter thick clay and seal the place. Finally cover the place with a layer of nourishig soil and afforest it. 2.2.3.4 Bottom Protection Based on the informatonof the geohydraulicalservey in the landfillsite, the bottom of the landfill is a thick clay soil with the vrious from 16 meters to 50 meters thickness. It is assumedto be cow enough to preventthe leachateflow into the groundwater aquifer. So artifial leachate prevention measures are unnecessary. 2-14 Table2.2.3-1 GlobalDesign Parameters Total suface area 35 ha Totalvolume 5 x 0Iml Averageheight of the wastepackage total Ism PhaseI unclear Pbasc2 1 m Utilizationperiod 17 years Phase I 10 Phase2 7 Landfillingoperation cell method(height =3.2 m/cell) Final covering layer 0.5 m clay layer ( k <107I cm/s) 0.5 m finalcovering soil vegtation 2.2.3.5 Leachateand LandfiUigggjas Collection (a) LandfillingGas Collection At ShipoLandfill, a longiudinalgas emissiontube is plasedevery 30m longwith 30 cm diameter.The CH4 and other wastegasesproduced from garbage will emitnaturally to prevent pollutonand fires.The establishment of gas emissionsystem will grow with the landfillsurface increase.The total lengthof gas collectionand emissiontubes are 28400 meters. (b) LeachateCollection and TreatmentSystem On the bottomof garbagelandfill is the drainagesystem which is totally 64000mlong. Wisidethe landfil,the rin drainagesystn is builtThe ram channelis lOOOmlong. Around the bndfillthe floodcontrol fixrow is establishedwhich is 100m long. The surfaicerain outsidethe landfillwill be coOlectedinto XiaoqingheRiver. An oxidationpond with the capacityof 5000 in3 is designed to treat leachate from the landfill. Theproposed leachate treatment system eists of an equalizationtank, a UASB(Upflow AnaerobicSludge Bed) reactor followed by sedimentationtank, a contact oxidationtank and a secondarysedimentation tank after which a natural oxidation pond is situated. After the treatnent the water shouldmeet the standardand willbe dischargedto the Xiaopingriver. 2.2.3.6 Run-offDrainageMeasures (as in Wuhan) The drainagesystem for rainwater run off wil be built,with three parts: Drainsaround the landfilingsite to interceptrun off from enteringthe site. raindrainage system in operatingand non-operatingregions: a rain ditch is built on the top of the site whichwill collect rain waterand dischargesit into the XiaoqingRiver. 2.2.3.7 Operationof the Landfill The landfillwill be controlledand operatedby the XlangfanEnvironmental Sanitation 2-15 Bureau (XESB). The citv's three urban street ESBs will continue to be responsible for poviding municipal solid waste collectionservice and street sweeping. It is designedto construcionof supplementaryfacilitites. Recently, a parking place with 6000 m2 area and a repairi shop for 30 vehicles will be constructed. 2.2.4 Solid Waste Management Component in Yichang 2.2.4.1 Huangiiawan Sanitarv LandfillSite The solid waste landfillsite is locatedin Shahe village of Yaohe country, in the northeast area of Yichang, about gkm away from the center of city, and about 1.51knaway from the communityin Shaohevillage. The desinged capacity of the landfillingis 280x104 m3- and using 26.7ha lands. The serviced population is approximately 40 thousand. By 2000, the daily treatment capacity of the landfillis approximately 500 tons. Its service area includes Xiakou ScenicSpot, GezhouDarn Region, the urban center district (including railway darn region) and most part of Wujiagang Region. The Table 2.2.4-1 shows the design parameters of the Huangjiawanlandfill. Table 2.2.4-1 Global Design Parameters Tolalsurface area | 26.7ha Tolalvolume 2.8 x 106 ml Effectiveutilization factor 85 Effectivevolume 2.75x 10'e Averageheight of thewaste pakag 10.5m Utilizationpenod IS year Landfillingoperation cell method(20 x 11.5 x 2.2 m'l/d) Middle covering laver 0.4 m Final covering laver 0.3 m clav laYer(K c 107m/s) 0.2 m natural soil .______0.2 m finalcovering soil vegetation 2.2.4.2 Landfillin3Methods The landfillwi3l be operatedaccording to the cell method will 20 x 11.5 x 2.2 mr of cell sizeof the average daily supply. The employedtechnological process is filling,rolling, covering with clay. The leachate and waste gas will be collected and treated, and with Vegetation recovery at final capping. The specific operations are below: (a) Working-site divisionpattern 2-16 The landfill area is divided into two parts according to the landformngully area and ravinearea. The gully area is wide with smooth terrain, but the ravine area is narrow with steep terrain. Landfill will be operated by cells. (b) Landfillingprocess The landfilloperation will be pushed upwards by rows in turn. Lift one layer upwards after two rows are filledout for each layer. Take every 5.Omlift (finishingone middle part cover) as a lift height for each stage in the in-site operation. Solid waste landfill working will be operatedusing layersolidification method, with the thickness of each layer to be 0.4 m and daily solid waste layer net accumulationthickness to be 2.2m. Cover the place with soil everydaywhen the solid waste is dumped, cover it with 0.2 m thick clay. Wienever two layers of solidwaste landfillare finished (net accumulation thickness ofthe solidifiedsolid waste attains 4.4 m), rnid-termsoil cover is needed, with a thickness of 0.4 m. The total height (including soil cover) of the solid waste will sum to 5.0 m. When the landfill attains the designed stack height, carny out final covering. Fmal soil cover will consist of two parts: Underlay is osmotic prevention clay that has been rolled by layers,with a thicknessof 0.3 m and the osmnoticcoefficient not more than I O'enis; Then cover it with0.2 m thicknourishingsoil and afforest the place by planting shallow root plants. Place- closing top sides slope is designed to be 1%, in favour of natural drainage of rain. 2.2.4.3 Protection Measures fbr the Landfill (a) Constructionaround LandfillSite Paving a reinforced concrete flood drainage channel in the storage area along current drainage ditch and attached to the hillfoot on the east. Building a solid waste dam at both upstream and downstream of the gully, The major functions of the proposed construction are for interceping flood from the upstream watershed and catching ground water flow direction. post the Constructionsthe groundwater wont flow into pond. (b) Bottom Protection Yichanglandfill is locateds at valley of Shahe River, with high infiltration coefficiency and bad water isolation ability. Artifial leachate prevention measures should be taken, for protecting pollution of the groundwater aquifer from landfillleakage. 2.2.4.4 Leachate and LandfillingGas Collection (a) Landfillinggas Collection (b) Leachate Collection and Treatment System The leachate treatment in YichangHuangjiawan landfill is proposed to adopt upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor (UASB) + oxidation ditch. 2.2.4.6 Operation of SWM inYichang The landfill will be controOledand operated by the Yichang Environmetal Sanitation Bureau (YESB). 2-17 2.2.5 Estimation or Leachate and Landfilling Gas 2.2.5.1 Waste Gas In the landfill place, biodegradation of organic solid waste is divided into four stages: aerobic stage, anaerobic stage, anaerobic methane instable stage and anaerobic methane stable stage. In aerobicstage and anacrobicstage, it main]y generates large quantities of COD,H,O and H,. In anaerobic methane instable stage, the methane concentration begin to increasc. In the stable stage, methanecontent is about 50%, and others are gases such as CO., H2S, NH 3 . CH,, HkSand NH3 are the principal factors of atmospheric pollutants considered in this assessent. Their concentration ratios are H2S: NH3 :CH4 = 1: 36.5: 176.5. So the waste gas quantity is estimated as follows: CH Q., = A-B x Cx5O% A: daily solid waste treatment quantity (t/d) B: solid waste capacity (t/m3 ) C: ratio of solid waste quantity to generation quantity CH4: EnmissionSource Strength QQH= CH4 Ga QuxsMokcdar Wig1,6i+'22.4 Accordingto the concentration ratios of above three kinds of gases, Emission Sources Atrengths of H,S and NH3 are: 3Hs = QCH4÷176.5; 'X4 = QCH4x36.5-176.5 Gas generation quantities of the four landfills are calculated. (See Table 2.2.5-1) Table 2.2.5-1 Estimation of Waste Gas Generated from Landfill Area Trealmat W aight CH,(ktCh) H.S(k h) NH,(cgth) paiy(tld) flkym?) I Wuhan 2000 425 -963 Q.546 19.9 NXianj 630 567 22.73 0.13 4.71 HungW 250 j 630 L8.1 0.046 1.69 Yidi7g _ 600 17.05 0.1 3.53 2-2.5.2 Leachate Qrganicconstituents in the solidwaste stacked in the landfill place will be decomposed to water and other by-products by biodegratlation and chemical oxidization and (or) reduction mechanismMeanwhle, the urban solidwaste itself contains a certain proportional water. Besides, the rainwatermay soak im So after a period oftime,the solidwaste will be decomposed into small pellets,and be solidifiedunder the proessingof its own weight and external mechanic forces, there by releasea certainquantity of interstitialwater. The interstitial water will dissolve in the soluble matter withinthe solidwaste and by-productsof solid waste decomposition, and become polluted interstitial water body. 2-18 Under certain conditions(such as wastes saturated to the capacity limit of soil and the osmoticlimit of the soil under the waste stack, rock broken and insufficient seal of the isolation layer, etc.), primary interstitial water may soak into groundwater or surface water and cause leakage water pollution. Generated leachate from landfillsis showed in Table 2.2.5-2. Table 2.2.5-2 Estimationof leachate Drainage Quantity and Quality BOD, CODcr pH ss TreatmenL l______(mgfL) (mgL) (mg/L) quanfit (ltd) Wuhan 3500 5000 6.5 500 750 Xiangfan 3500 6000 7-8 500 0oo Huaagshi 4000 6000 6-7 500 300 Yichang 1500 3000 6-7 600 300 2.2.6 Noise, Dust and Odor 2-2.6.1 Noise In the period of construction of hygienic landfillsand transfer station, the construiction machinesand transportation automobilesmay produce noise. The instantaneous noise intensity of construction machines may be 90-100 Db(A). In common condition it may be lower than 8OdB(A).The noise intensityproduced by automobiles is generally lower than 65 Db(A). In operation period of hygienic landfills, noise mainly comes from noise produced by landfill operation machinesand transportation automobiles. The noise value of main operation machineslike bulldozer, pressing and excavating machines,garbage pressing and closing cars ia all lower than 85 dB(A). The noise of tranfer station in opeation period mainy orginated from elvating devices, because of using electricity,the intensityof noise source is generally lower than 75 dB(A). 2.2.6.2 Dust In operation period, some amount of dust emission and emissions by wind may be produced in the process of garbage loading and unloading, causing impacts to around environment.In processof garbagetansportation, dust emission, emissionsby wind and garbage leakage may also produced if the enclosed facilities are not utinized. 2.2.6.3 Mosquitos and flies Harniful animals such as flies, mosquitos and mouse may also generated in garbage. 2.3 Industrial Pollution Control Components There are six subprojects in the IPC component dealing with the industrial wastewater reatmentand air pollutioncontrl in plantsand the relocation of heavy polluting enterprises from urban areas to the planned industrialzones. Five of all the plants selected in IPC Components (Echeng Iron-Steel Plant. Hubei Pharmacology Plant, ringmen Cement.Plant, Yichang Cement 2-19 Plant. Erxi Chemical Plant) are major polluting enterprises in China. and on the list of state operated3,000 heavy pollutionenterprises by the NEPA. All of the 6 plants in the IPC are state- owned. 2.3.1 Comprehensive Pollution Control of Echeng Iron and Steel Plant Echeng Iron & Steel Plant, locatedin centralregion of Ezhou City, is a combinediron steel enterprisewith rnine,sintering, coking, ironmaking, rollingand further processing. Because of the crowdedworkshops and backyardequipment, the No. I Steel mill does not have adequate pollution control facilities for both emissions and wastewater discharges. The industrial dust emission is more than 2340 tons, account for 41 % of industrial dust emission, and 23% of industrial dust emissions in the central area of Ezhou City. It is the main reason that the atmospheric quality in central region of Ezhou City is higher than class II state environmental standard. The industrialwastewater of Echeng Iron-Steel Plant is 4050 x 104 m3/a, accounting for 93g% of whole city in which 3195 x IO' m 3 is drained to Yanglan Lake, 75 x IO'm 3 is directly drainedinto Yangtze River annually.The industrial water utilization of Echeng Iron-Steel Plant is 1212 X 10' m3 fyear.Part of the wastewater was recycled without treatment. The wastewater discharges caused a serious impact on surface water quality of the Yanglan Lake, the Xingang stream and the Yangtze River at Ezhou. The Proposed project includes two major parts: Up-gtadeof No.1 Steel Works: three existing electric furnaces and one existing turning furnacewill be discarded, and a 80t super high capacity electric furnace will be built connected to refining furnaces and continuous casting machines.High efficient and stable smoke and dust eliminatingfacilities, water treatmentfacilities and noise controlling instrument will be built. In addition,a steel-slag automatic treatment systemwill be established.By which steel-slag in the wholeplant induding 1 st plant will be changed into useful material such as construction matefial. The environmental management project for No. I Steel mill is the first step of implementationof I 0-year environment-protectionplan in EchengIron-Steel Plant. Reconstruction of Industrial Water Supply System: The cyanic-phenol waste water produced by coking plant will be treated, and then discharged into the Yangtze River though specificdrainage pipelines.In addition, a wastewater treatment plant with a capacity of 25,000 t/h will be built with the wastewater flowing into Mengu channel for recycling. Stone slope protectionand drainage clitch are built along two side of 3 kkilometer- canal to prevent run-off and irrigating water from getting into the canal or Xingang River. Forest are planted to prevent soil erosion. Canal are to be dredged. Check gat are to be built at the end of canal to separate canal fromXingang Stream. All industrialwater supply network will be built ,expanded or reconstructed, including the interceptionof wastewaterswhich are Dischargedinto Yanglan Lake. All of The conventional industrialwastewater will be drawn into the proposed wastewatertreatment plant before recycling 2-20 Table 2.3-1 Introduction of IndustrialPollution Control Projects Name Character Scalc Investment Location (ComprehensivelEnvirunmcntal Protccliun Up-gradeof :elinical Industrialwasewatler treatment total investment EchengIron & Stcell'lant, rxitou of EchengIron & steelPlant process,cnd-pipe treatment withcapacity of 25000rn/h, 563810000 yuan city showedin Figure2.1 -5 Cokingwastcwatcr treatment with Environtnentrotection capacityof 200 mnih, investment1 J600,O000 RcbuldingNu. I stealworkes with yuan 80 tonssuperward direct cunrency store Relocationand Up-gradeof Jingmen Movementto a newsite, 6001Jd 117030,300 yuan Approximately12Km north tn CementPlant Up-gradeproduction Environmentpriection Jingmenci m plmnedbuilding process investment: I 0,050,000 material inauistryzone. locatedat .______:uopeoziling town(figure 2.1-2) Wastewatertreatment of Hubei End-pipetreatmint Trealmentcapacity is 10000-12000 19,194)000yuan In Zhoujiazliang,soutl suburbof pharmaceuticalPlant m1/d Xiangfancity, 7Km to urban regions(Figure) Relocationand Up-gradeor Yichang movementto a new site, 600Tld-lOOOT/d 130,358,300yuan Locatcdin Yanjiachleng huayan, eas cementPlant technicl transformation Environmentprotection suburb of Yichang. I Klrmfrom investmentaccounts for urbanregions, 81rn west to origial 6-8%of total site(Fihurc ) Comprehensivepollutanis treatment of Wastewaterend-pipe (1) wasteivatertreatment capacity 42,281.000yuan Urbanregion of Xiangfan(Fig. 2.2- Xiangfan chemical plant treatmentprocess, iS91.61bh I) Up-gradeof technical (2) wastelas treatmentcapacity is process 62800m/h PollulionControl Project of Erxi Wastewaterend-pipe (1) Sodiumnitrate and sokium 45,019,000yuan Approximately14.6Km from s*rst ChemicalPlant treatment,exhaust clean nitriterecovery: 8000t/a ur regionof Yicheng Xiangfan production (2) Charcoalw~ashing wvater ci' lsst atsaino ehe recovery:83t1/a oniao-xhirailway(Fig.21-I) (3) Sewage Ireatment:250m'h 2-21 for industrialwater sources. Industrialsewa e treatment factorv is lacated in the east side of cannal of Echeng Iron & Steel works, northeastof pump station of the canal,within the boundry of Echeng Iron & Steel works. Coking industrial sewage reforming engineering is located nearby existing coking sewage treatment system. The area for conventionalwastewatre treatment plant is about 4500m2 , and the area for coking waste water treatment facility is 1500m 2 . Usingtranditional physical-chemical treatment process for Conventional industrail waste water treatment. ReducedWastewater Loads: It is anticipated that the discharged wastewatre amount is reduced by 209.79xIO'm3 /a with the project, while the discharged load of SS is reduced by 428.12 tla. The reducingrates are approximately95.3% and 97.8% respectively. The increament of discharged waste Oil is approximately 1.2 t/a. It can be seen from the Table2.3.1-1 that the discharged pollutants such as Volatile phenol. Cyanide, Sulfide, Oil and Ammonia are greatly reduced with the project. Table 2.3. 1-I The Discharged Wastewater Loads Pre- and Post- Project Volatile Cvanide Sulfide Oil | Ammonia Phenol -- __ I-_INitrogen Post-Project 0.45 0.42 1.58 6.58 14.3 Pre-Project 16.96 11.85 31.75 462.5 228.1 ReductionAmotm e 16.51 11.43 30.17 456 T 213.8 ReductionRate (0/.) 98.3 96.5 95 98.6 93.7 ReductionRate Aoumting 87.8 90.9 78.65 61.8 58.3 for Ezhou (%) Reduction of Air Pollutants Emission: It can be seen that the discharge amount of TSP will decreased greatly and reduction rate of that is about 98.1% after the project because eff'ectivefacilities for dust removal are adopted. The emissions of NOx, CO and SO., will increasewhile the dischargedconcentrations of the pollutants are lower than pre-project by high chimney. a lot of cold air mixed in dust collection measures also contributes to drawdown the emissionconcentration. 2-227 Table 2,3.1-2 The Emissionof Air PollutantsPre- or Post- Project Discharge Amount (t/a) Increasing(+) Increasingor Pollution Status Remarks Pollutant or Dccreasing(-) Decreasingrate Pre- Post- Pre-Project Post-Project Project Project Free discharge beliore TSP 2340 projectis replacedby 45- 45 -2295 -98.1 68 times over Meet the Pemnit meter-high cliinncy Standard Standard emissiom after project NOx 42.12 1 X +38.88 +92.3 CO 210,6 450 +239.4 +113.7 Meet Permit Standad S02 0.25 0.48 +0.23 +92.0 2-23 2.3.2 Relocation of Jingmen Cement Plant At the present time. Jingmen Cement Plant with production capacity of 176.000 t/a is locatedat central region of JingmenCity, in an urban area of stores, schools and hospitals. The main environmental problems is the discharge of industrial dust, SO2, NO. and CO. It significantly affects urban atmospheric quality, and health, life and work of local inhabitants. The plant not have enough pollution control facilities with limited area in the plant. The envirornmentalmonitoring data shows that the plant is the biggest dust source in the city. Because of size limits,relocation is the best way to eliminate the pollution. According to Urban EnvironmentalStrategies and Plans of Jingmen City, the Jingmen Cement Plant will be moved from the urban area to the construction material industry planning region outside the urban center. The proposed new project at the construction materials industrial zone, 12 km north to Jingmencity. will have a cement clinker production line of 600 t/d capacity with the new dry productionfiLcility of low block 5-grades cyclone preheaters. A diameter 3.2x52m rotary kiln produced by importing Japanese technology is employed. Efficient and low resist NH five suspending reheaters dry technology will be adopted. All the production facifitiesin the urban area will be removed, and the old factory site will be sold for use as commercialproperty. With the relocation of Jingmen Cement Plant, Advanced and reliable dust collection equipmentswill be employedto reduce emissions. Cost for environmetal prevention ficilities is RMEB10.05 million. It is 8.5% of total fixed investment of the proposed plant. This poduction line produce 180 thousand ton clinker, 210 thousand cement a year. 525# and 425# portlanri cement are 105 thousand ton sepurately. 50% in bags and 50% in bulds. About 500 Workers will be employed for new production line. 11.20ha land will be taken. The construction period is about 18 months- EnvironmetalIssues with the Project:It is anticipatedthat the total waste gas amount is approximately227527Nm3/h. The biggestpowder dust dischargesource is pit end chimney with 55 metershigh, the emissionsource intensityis 2582 mgfs,occupying 38.32% of total source intensityof the plant. The emissionsources intensitiesof the preparation of coal powder and clay drying are 597 mg/s and 577 mg/s. occupying8.97% and 8.67% of total source intensity respectively. It is anticipatedthat the total eissionsource intensityof the proposed projectis 6652 mg/s,and annualdischarge amount of powder dust is 141.66t/a which is 4.61% of existing dust dischargeamount by the verticalpit producingline of the plant. whilethe productionscale is enlargedto 1000tId, total source intensityof powder dust is approximately14473mg/s. It meansannual discharge amount of powder dust willbe 301.33 tons whichis 9.85%of that by existing verticalpit producingline. Reduction of WasteLoads: Accordingto a rough statistics,the existingemission of powderdust is apprxinately3060 tons/year.The dischargedamounts of SO, and Nox are 370 tla and 11.46t/a respectively.After project implementation. the atmosphericquality in central urbanarea of JingmenCity willbe improved. 2-24 Afterthe constructionof proposedproject, the reducedenissions of powderdust, SO2 andNox inJingmen urban area are 3060t/a.;70 t/a and 11.46 t/a respectivelv.The variations of the air pollutantsdischarge are shownin Table 2..3.2-1. Table2.3.2-1 Variationsof Air PollutantsDischarges Pre- and Post- Project Pollutant Prc-Projec Post-Project Emission Discharge Discharge Discharge Site Amount(tia) Site Amount(tia) PowderDust 3060 Urban Area 141.06 IndustrialZone Outsidethe City SOl 370 66.02 NOx 11.46 166.79 It is anticipatedthat the recoveredpowder dust is approximately4590 t/a by recovering faclitiesbased on annualcement production of 21xIO' tons. The recoveredpowder dust will be reusedas productionmaterials. 23.3 Hubei PharmaceuticalPlant Hubei PharmaceuticalPlant establishedin 1963, is_anational enterprise to producing medicines,preparations and medical equipments. The edstig watewata drainagesystem of the plant is combinedsystem, and was set up in 1971. The wastewater of all workshop was drains from west to east into a 700 m long exposed ditch through the Jiaozhi channel via unexposed ditch into the Han River. The disdcargedcontamination include conventional pollutants and some organic pollutants such as nitrobenzeneand ritrophenol.There is only a small wastewater treatment plant with a capacity of 420 mn/d. The implement of this project will increase the wastewater treatment to l00 %, and reduce greatlypollutants, especially organic. A industral wastewatertreatment plant with capacityof 606 x IU4tla is proposed.Wastewater will be treated with active sludge. Sludge will be dehydratedand solidifiedwith gravity concentrating and vacuum filtering. Proposedwastewater treatnent plant is located in Southeast of production zone of the pharmaceuticalfactory. East is near Jiaozhi railwat. Norch is close to asembly hail. This site is just close to the end of the drainage canal. Treatment Process: An activatedsludge process is proposedbased on the effects of the existing small-sizedsewage treatment for two workshops of the plant and experience for pharmaceuticalwastewater treatmenttechnology in the same domesticsector. ReducedWaste Loads: With thw project, the dischargeamount of COD will be reduced 2-25 to 645t/a vith dischargeconcentration of I 50mg/I. The reductionrate of COD is about80% and removedamount of CODis 2580t/a. Annualdischarge amount of BODsis approximately 258 tons with dischargeconcentration of 60 mg/I after the project. The reductionrate of BOD,is about86.7% and reducedBOD, load is approximately1677 tons for the Han River. 2.3.4 Relocationof Yichang Cement Plant At the present, YichangCement Plant is located in east of YichangCity. It was establishedin 1958.The cement production 220.000 tons/year. The major'environmentalissues are the emissionof industral dust, SO., NO,and CO which significantlyaffects urban air qualityand health, and work of the inhabitants.The dust emissionof the plant is approximately 2601 t/a, accountingfor 61 % of dustemission in Yichangurban region. Theproject proposes to movethe existingYichang Cement Plant into HuayanIndustrial Zone whichis 8 Kmeast from its origin site, approximately 15 km awayfrom the center of city, and up-gradethe cementplant witha productionline of 600 t/a. Advanced5-levels suspended pre-heaterreverse kiln techniquewith 95 % reductionof dust emissionis proposed. This projectnot only reducesthe emissionof air pollutants,also improVesproduction quality. The existingplant sitewill be changedinto commercialuse. TechnologicalProcess: The Proposed technical procedures of Yichangcement plant are quite similar to that of Jingmencement plant. Investmentto enviromnentprotection is estimatedto be 7.94 millionyuan. Maior EnvironmetalIssues: Total source intensityof powder dust dischargedby the proposedproject is 7590 mg/s.The annualdischarge amount is approximately156.79 tons. ReducedWaste Loads: While the proposedproject is constructed, the existingcemnent plant willbe compeletelyclosed. The reducedwaste loadsof powder dust and SO in urban area are 260 tla and 76.6 t/a respectively. It is anticipatedthat the recoveringpowder dust by the dedust facilitiesin Proposed YichangCement Plant is approximately3590 t/a. A comparitionof air pollutionemissions by existingcement plant and proposedcement plant is shownin Table2.3.4- 1. Table 2.3.4-i Air PollutantsEmission Pre-and Post-Project Pollutants Pre-project Post-Project Raeoving Discharge DischargeSite Discharge DischargcSite (%) Amount(t/a) Amount(tta) PowderDust 2601 UrbanArea 132.35 Industrialzone -95 outsidethe SO: 7606 33.86 -5ban5.80 2-26 2.3.5 Xiangfan Chemical Plant This plant was built in 1954 and is located in Fanxi Industrial Zone, which its the main production is paratrisodium phosphate. The waste water is above standards reaching more than 1.0 milliont/ a. The pollution load of industrial wastewater takes fifth place among the biggest water pollutingenterprises of the city. The wastewater contains fluorine and high concentrations of suspended matter passed to the Xiaoqing stream. and finallyinto Han River. The urban parn of 3 km long Xiaoqingstream has become a sewer containing waters from industrial wastewater and domestic sewage in the Fancheng region. Because of the serious pollution of the Xiaoqing stream, the water qualityof Han River in Xiangfan becameworse and a long pollution band along the bank has formed. The wastewater treatment plan of Xiangfan Chemical Plant is part of the effect to control pollution in Xiaoqing River and protect the water quality of Han River. The emissionof fluorine gas from the plant is more than 20 millionNn9 annuallywhich is deposited in areas near the plant. It has had a great impact to life and health of more than 20,000 residenceand workers nearby. Comnonents of the Project: Proposed project includes concent in five aspects: * Tailgas treatmentof phosphate rock milling: Drying and milling of phosphate rock are moved to backang county mining district 280 Xm beyond. D. , and mill on the spot. Bah dust cillectors are quiped at the phosphate pawde anarging hopper. * Fluorine recavery: In predustion process. Fluorine containing exhause extracted by phosphoricacid, then took venturi scrubbing,and then spray retums to extracting juice to reduce pollution. Coal gas stationequipment: Diesel oil is substitutedwith gas to heat horizontal rotary kiln, so as to raduce pollution and cost. Poratrisidiumphosphate poklyexhaust treatment: Poly production in powder sputtering tower is pla"ned to replacerotaxy kiln to do drying and polymer production which reduces dust emissionand enerhy consumption and increase production quality. * Sewage treatment: Industrial sewage and domestic sewage of whole factory are to be disposed. Disposed sewage are drained to urban drainagesystem. Reduced Waste Loads: By proposed cleanproduction proces and end-pipe treatment, the discharged amounts of will be greatly reduced. The discharged wastewater will be reduced by 3.327 x104 t/a and the wastewater is proposed to drainage into the proposed wastewater collectionsystem of Xlangtan.Table 2.3.5-I shows the variationsof pre-project and after project. Air Pollutants Emission:The situation of waste gas pollutant diseharge before and after the project are shown in the following table in details. It is shows the discharge amount of air pollutants will be greatly reduced and benefit the local environment(See Table 2.3.5-2). 2.3.6 Erxi Chemical Plant HubeiErxi ChemicalPlant is a comprehensivechemical enterprise. located 50 km from Xiangfan City. It is a key factory in the chemical sector with main production of synthetic ammonia. ammonium nitrate, concentrated nitric acid, high purity methanol, formaldehyde, 2-27 sodiumnitrate and sodium nitrite. etc. The main pollutants are nitric acid. N° in air. and COD... suspended matters, ammnonia,CNand oils in water, Table 2.3.5-1 A Comparition of Wastewater Loads Pre- nad Post- Project Unit: ton/year ______.______CODcr SS fluoride totalphosphorus E.xisungDischarge 69.25 497.10 78.02 135.66 (A) IncreasedWaste 14.4 Loadsbv Proposed TreatmentFacility (B) ReducedAmount by 40.76 447.09 77.52 134.95 Up-grade(C) TotalWaste Loads 28.49 35.61 0.50 0.71 withthe Project D=A+B-C(D) Table 2.3.5-2 Pollutants Discharged with Project and without Project Unit: t/a Fluoride TSP NOx 1 SO2 P,O5 ExistingDischarge (A) 26.64 188.61 25.83 38.74 6.69 IncreasedWaste Loads y iProposedTreanent 9.63 - -18.59 18.59 2 Facilities (B)______ ReductionAmoutt by Up- 24.05 . 168.16 25.82 38.74 5.26 grade (C) ______TotalDischarge Amount afterthe Proiect D=A+B-C 2.59 30.08 18.59 5.43 3.43 The poilutioncontrol project of Erxi Chemical Plant is a combined clean production with end-pipe treatment. The proposed pollution control components include industrial wastewater treatment, charcoal recovery and waste gas treatment. Componets of the Project: The proposed project consists of six aspects: Enlargethe treatmentcapacity of hitric acid end gas: using improved alkali-absorption method (gas distribution method) to recover tail gas of nitric acidi making sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite products; on the other hand, renovating part of the equipments to make the existing facilitiesoperating normally. Carbon black wastewater treatment: After Carbon Iback water in the technologybeing pn%ipitedby the tit tube, carbon Iback mud is dried by filtration spiral and strengthenly boiling, and separated by whirlwind. Bay-type dust collection outlet. 2-28 * Sewagetreatment; to treat industrialwaste water and live sewage oLwhole factory the treated water can be used as supply water oftvapor-makingcycling water. *Stove residuestreatment: completed by thermodynamicsystem. combustion system and residueremoval system, dust collector, also called high efficiency desulfurization dust collector. Residuesin water boiler is removedby dry method. The residues are transfered by automobiles to cement factory as building materials. * Semi water-coal mixedgas desulfurization: To transform raw materials routine, after changedoil into coal, semi water-coalmixed gas desulfurizationis set up and adopt glue-baking desulfurizationplan toremove sulphatein semiwater-coal mixed gas and toreduce desulfurization load by varible gases , ensure safe and stable production. In order to reduce energy consumption,spray reproduction methos is adopted. * Varible gas decarburization: (PC+HS) technolohy, in decarburization process, the sulphatein the gases is removed at the same time. The removed suiphate exists in liquid phase in the state of singlesulfur, whichsulfur composition in rejproduced gas C02. Thus it's benefit to envirmnnnentprotection and to increase efficiency. ReducZdWastewater Loads: Alter the project, the wastewater flow will be reduced from 2329.2xlOma to 1125.8xlOmIa. the reduced pollution loads post project ;s shown in Table 2.3.6-1. Air Pollutants Emission:The reduced air comtaminationsby proposed facilities are list in Table2.3.6-2. It shows that the emissionsof air comtainationa are significantelyreduced post project and benefit the local environment. 2-29 Table 2.3.6-1 Discharged Wastewate Pollutants Pre- and Post- Project Item NI-13 cm S COD BOD oil Pre-Project Amount 325 0.37 1045.5 12.9 403.06 184 16.6 conc. 150 0.17 466.9 5.77 ISO 82.8 8.3 Post-Project Aamaunt 43 0.37 125.5 0.1 180.06 36 16.6 Conc. 24.9 0.21 72.7 0.06 104 20.8 9.6 Reduction Amount 292 0 920 12.8 223 48 0 Table 2.3.6-2 Reduced Air Comtaminationa Post-Project Smokedust Powderdust SO: Nl1, NOx CO Present 290 108.2 547.36 89.8 1496.7 773 After treatment 297.8 108.2 375.6 89.8 713.5 773 Reducedamount -7.6 0 171.76 0 -783.2 0 2-30 3. Baseline Conditions 3.1 Nature Environment 3.1.1 Physical Environment 3.1 1.1 Geographv Hubei Province is located in the middle part of China and to the south of Dongting Lake which is in middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It eKtends across 108'07'- 1 i60 2 I'E and 29025 -33'20'N and covers 710km from east to west and 470km from north to south. It is adjacentto Anhui province in the east. Jianxi& Hunan province in the south, Sichuan province in the west, Shanxi province in the northwest and Henan province in the north. Ttiewhole Provincecovers an area of 185,900km 2 which occupies 1.94%of the country's area and is the 16th largest province in China. The mountainous area is above 104,000 km2, occupying 56% of the province's area the hillyland is above 45,000 kin2, occupying 24% of the whole area, plain and water area is 37,000km 2, occupying 20% of the whole area. HubeiProvince has complicatedgeological structure and intense orogenic movement. Due to its influence,the province has undulatingterrain and various types of landform, includingsuch terrainas mountainousarea, plateau, hillyarea, basin and plain. and such landform as karst, river, glacierand red-bed. The topography of Hubeiprovince: with mountains locating at east, west & north; low and flat in the middle: incompletebasin which is slightlyopen to the south. Jianghan plain located in the middlepart. is the iowest area with average elevation of 50m, around which is surrounded by hillv area with elevationof less than 500m.The area around the hillyarea is low mountainous area with elevation of less than 1000m.around which is Zhongshanplateau and high mountains with elevationof above 1000m.ShennongJia, the so-called " the First Peak in Middle China ', is located in this area. Only the south part of Jianghanplain is connected with Dongtinghu plain. HubeiProvince is located in medium-latitudearea. The solar radiation varies obviously with the season in one year. Obviousmonsoon climate is found in this area. The climate in the province belongsto subtropicalmonsoon wet climatewith four obvious seasons, rainfall and hotness at the same season, and rich sources of lightand heat. Sometimes there is calamitous climate in Hubei province, in which drought, flood, low temperature and much rain in spring, coldness in autumn and hales are commonly seen- Drought and flood are the most disastrous. The mostly conmnonly-seennatural calamity is drought and frequent drought maybe occur in middle summnerand autumn ( July to September ) with long period. extensive scope and big influenceon crops. -Wuhan: Wuhan City is the capitalof Hubei province which is in the east of Hubei province. TheYanrtze River flows into the provincefrom the southwest while Han River from the west. The city is divided into three parts by the Yangtze River and Han River, i.e. Wuchang. Hankou and Hanyang. Wuhan City, with flat terrain and 2-30m above sea level, is mainlycomposed of beaches and alluvialplains. The part 20m below sea level is lakes and ponds. The water area occupies 1/4. The geological structure is from SilurianSystem to the Quatemary. Huangshi: Huangshi City is the 2nd largest city in Hubei province which is located in 3-1 southeastof Hubeiprovince. It is adjacent Lothe Y'anetzeRiver in the northeast. Shihuivao Regzion in the southand HuangshigangRegion in the north. The main lakes in Huangshi are Chi Lake and * QinsshanLake. The area of the City is in hillyarea at the north edge of MufuiMountain. in whicii TaipojianPeak, 840mhigh. ia Dongjiakouof Daye Countyis the highest peak while the lowest area is in the east ( I Im at port bottom ). The landformcan be characterized by high in south and north. low in the middle and with lakes within the area. Yichan: YichangCity is located in the west of Hubei province which is a city in the area of upstream and middlereaches of Yangtze River. It is divided into two parts by the River. The ge,ologicalstructure is settling zone of Jianghan plain. The surface ground is covered with clay as well as smallpebbles. The city area adjacent to the river is flat with elevation of 3 5-80m above the sea level. The elevation of the hinterland mountainarea is 120-300m. -Xlandfan: Xiangfan City is located in the northwest of Hubei province which-is the juncture of Hubei, Henan, Sichuan and Shanxi provinces. It is divided into two parts by the Han River, i.e. Xiang City and Fan City. Han River, the biggest branch river in Hubei province, flows into Xiangfan from the west. The area is in Hanshui Valley plain with flat terrains and average gradientof 1%/r-3%. The area is incliningfrom northwest to southeast. The elevation of Ist-stage bench varies from 65 meters to 68.5meters and elevation of 2nd-stage bench varies from 66 meters to 80 meters. * Ezhou: Ezhou City located in the southeast of Hubei province, on the north bank of YangtzeRiver and downstreamof Wuhan City. The area is located in the transition zone extended from JmgshanMountain ( south branch of Qinling Mountain ) to Jianghan Plain, which belongs to Ezhong Hillv Area. * igmren:Jingrnen City is located in the rmiddlepart of Hubei province and in the HIanRiver vallev. There are both alluvial plain and hilly grounds ip the area. The terrain is higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest and has plain in the middle part. The general elevation is approximately28m for the city. Xishan is the highest peak in the city area which is 168.7m above the sea level. The main meteorological and climate features in six cities with which the project is concerned can be show in Table 3. 1.1-l: Table 3.1.1-1 Main Meteorological and ClimateFeatures in Project Cities Yc1yandymagw Yealy aves5 Ycarlyewapordii Yearlyanrage Prerailinguwind tcmwurc (_-C) preipitation(nun) (Mn) ind velocity ______~~~~(nisl Wuhan 16.3 1200 1500 2.1 Norhas Huangshi 17 1400 1415 2.2 Summer.southeast Winta- nonhweag Yidimng 16.1 1093 1330 Mianglan 15-7 847.1 1607 1Southaswsouth F.lAcu 17.0 1270.1 1.69~ East ulineM 15.9 972 3-v 3 I .1.2 Surface Water Hvdroloey Hubei provincelies in the Yangtze River basin.There are totally 1 193 rivers in the province with total length of above 37.000km, among which 42 rivers are more than 100km long. Accumulatedwater area of rivers is 131,567 km. covering 7 0/o of the total area of the province. The Yanstze River basinis a typical monsoon climate area. with average precipitation over years being 1100mm The precipitationtime in Yanstzc River basin is closely related to monsoon. 70%-90% of annual precipitationfalls during Mav to October. The maximum monLilly precipitation occurs in July & in upstream area and May & June in middle reaches & downstream area. The Yangtze River runs from west to east across 26 counties and cities in Hubei province. It flows in from Pianyuxi in Badong county and out at Binjiang in Huangmei county, with total length of 1061km. The maximum flow rate of Yangtze River is 76100 m31s( Hankou hygrometric station and following is the same ) and the minimumflow rate is 2930 m 3 /s, with average flow rate of 23400 3 m 1s. The theoretical storage of hydraulic resources is about 257,000,000 kw, among which more than 195.000.000 kw is possible to be explored. Han River is the biggest branch at middle reaches of Yangtze River which runs from northwest to southeast. It flows from Baihe county of Shanxi province and into Yunxi county. which runs across 13 counties and cities and into Yangtze River at Wuhan. The length in Hubei province is 878km. The annualmaximum flow rate is 29100 m'/s and the minimum flow rate is 172 m3/s. while average annual flow rate is 1640 m3/s and average annual sediment transport of 127.000.000 tons. There are 320 lak-esat present with water area of 220. km'. In Hubei province with adjustable storage of 3,000,000,000 m'. In wet year they can store water can reach more than 15,000.000,000 m3 which is equal to 15.9% of surface runoff of the province. East lake lieson south bank of Yangtze River which is a shallow lake in Jianhan lake group. The accumulatedarea is 119 km1 and the lake surface area is 30.7 km' at the yearly water level of 19.5m. The volume of the lake is 735.Ox1o0 m3 and the average depth is 2.56m. Moshuihulake is a snall shallowlake. Its accumulated water area is 21.9 km2 and the lake surface area is 3.35 km2 at the yearly water level of 19.0m. The volume is 4,4x 106 m3 . Nantizi Lake lies in southwest of HanyangDistrict. The average water area is 5;3 km2 and 3 the average volume is 200x104m . Nantaizi Lake, Sanjiao Lake and Houguan Laklecomprise East lake in Hanyangcounty ( now calledCaidian region ). The main rain receiving area is 360 km2 and all lakes are connectedwith one another in case of flood. Nantaizi Lake is connected with Yangtze Riverthrough Dongfeng gate & Donghu pump station and flood cannot flow back from Yangtze Riverin flood period. Moshui Lake is connectedwith NantaiziLake through artificial channels such as Six-inport & Jiandi connection port, and the lake water can be discharged into Yangtze River through Dongfeng gate. Nan Lake is located in south of Wuchang District. with surface area of 5.9 km2. It is connected with Xunsi River ( branch of Yangtze River) through a branch channel to the west of the lake. [In winter lak-ewater is discharged by gravity into the River through Wutai gate. but in high-water period it shall be pumped into the River bv Tangxun Lake pump station. The main function of the lake is for storage adjustment and sewage receiving. 3-3 Cihu Lake lies in the centerof Huangshicity with water area of S. 15 kInm,congested water area of 62.8 km2 and volume of 1716x104 mi. The reserving period of water is 200 davs. Water will be discharged by gravity as water level of Yangtze River is lower than that of Chi Lake and discharged by pump when contrary situation occurs. Yan-tlan Lake lies in the center of Ezhou city. which consists of Babaimu Lake. Qibaimu Lake. Wubaimu Lake and Sanbaimu Lake. with surface area of 268 hectares. It is a natural fresh lake with average depth of about 2rn. 3.1.1.3 Ground Water Ground water in Hubei province can be classified into 4 basic types, i.e. pore water. pore/fissure water, fissure water and karstic water. Pore water is mainlydistributed in plain and mound, e.g. Jianghan plain, Ebei mound, Huangguang plain and both banks of Yangtze River and Liushui River. The upper part is QuaternaryHolocene phreatic pore water with aquifer thickness of 0-3m and unit outflow rate for drillhole beingless than 24 m3/day.m;the lower part is Quaternary Pleistocene corfined pore water and Neogeneconfined fissure water ( which is main ground water sources in Hubei ), with aquifer thickness of 50-lIOm and unit outflow rate for drill hole being 240 m3/day.M.and its distributed area is 51916 km2. Pore/fissurewater is found mainlyin hillyarea of Zigui & Dangyang. It is mostly confined water which is stored in porelfissure of detrital rock from Middle & Upper Triassic system to Jurassic systemand from Cretaceoussystem to Paleocene system. The flow rate is mostly less than I Vsand the area is 12761 km2. Fissure water is distributedmainly in hillyarea which is stored in fissures of metamorphic rock and magmaticrock. The flow rate is generally less than 0.1 Vs, the unit outflow rate for drill hole is less than I m3/day.mand the distributedarea is 66809 km2 . Karstic water is distributed in karstic fissures. There are 337 karstic springs and underground river mouths with more than 100,000 m3/day.m, and the yearly natural flow rate is above 8.000.000.000 m3 . The unit outflow rate is usually great and the distributed area of karstic aquifer is 44986 knm2. -The major chemical types of ground water are HCO3-Ca and HCO3 -CaMg. Degree of mineralization of most of water is less than I g/l and that of ground water in basement rock area with better runoff conditionsis usually less than 0.5 g/l. Most of them is soft water to slightly hard water (74.96-299.83 mV/I). in plain with slow runoff, the degree of mineralizationvaries between 0.3-0.8 g/l and most of water is hard water to ultimately hard water. 3.1.2 Functions of Water Courses Table 3.1.2-1 shows the receiving water bodies relative with the projects. 3-4 Table3.1.2-1 ReceivingWaterbody Relative with the Projects CompluinciMsLocations CurrcintReceiving watcrs ProposedReceiving waters River Lake River Lake WWM Wuhan Fit River East Lake,Moshui Lake, YangtzeRiver atWl4han & Furiver NanL.nke Project NanLake, Dongxi Lake, NanlaiziLake I luangshi Ci Lake YangtzeRiver at Huangshi Xiingfitii Soutlichainnel (if I lan I lanigRiver Downstreniii of Xiangfan Rivet, UJrbantributaries SW M Huangshi YiujiaLake Project Wuhimn_ Upstream orFu River Xiangfun XiaoclingRiver to HlanRiver Yichang I luangboRiver & Sha Rivcr IPCPrcoject EchengIron & YangizeRiver, Xingang YanlanLake YangizeRiver at Ezhou SteellPlint River Jingmen IlongRiver miuin sitrunm I langRiver main siream CcmenLtllant Hlubei DlangRiver YangStream Pharmaccutical Plant _ _ . Yichang YangizuRiver Linjiangstream (Bolin River) CementIPlant Xiangfan XiaoqingRiver to Citysewage treatment system ChemicalPlant I4ankoti Etxi Chemical Manhesection of Man Manhesection of ManRiver Plant River 3-5 3 1.2.1 Water Courses with WWM Project The water bodies and their functions concerned with WWM Projects are shown in Table 3.1.2-2. Table 3.1.2-2 Receiving Waters and Their Main Functions I'roiect ltication Receiving waters Main function Wuhan YangLzeRiver Municipalwater suppl,. Industrialwater supplv. Navigation. Fishing.Irrigation Han Rivcr Municipalwater supply, Industrialwater supply, Navigation, Fishing, Swinuning. Rowing. elc. Fu River Fishing,Irrigation MoshuiLake Fishing,Irrigation. Resting NanLake NantaiziLake lluangshi YangmeRiver Municipalwater supplv, Industrialwater supply, Navigation, Fishing,Irrigation Ci Lake Fishing.Swimming. Rowing, Resting DavanLakle Municipalwater supplv. Industrial water, Fishing Xiangfan HangRiver Municipalwater supply, Industrialwater suppiv, Navigation. l______Fishing, Swimming.Rowing. Resting XiaoqingStrean Fishing,Irigation Tangbo Stream Fishing, Irigation 3.1.2.2 Water Courses with SWM Project Water courses concered with the components refer to those for discharged leachate from landfill. (1) Yiujia Lake in Huangshi Yiujia Lake is flood regulation facility at Huangshi section of Yangtze River which is connected with Fengbo port through Xingfu gate and 700m away from Yangtze River. Flood discharge pump station is provided for Xngfiu gate. In dry season, when water level of Yangtze River is lower than that of lake, lake water can flow into Yangtze River by gravity. The lake surface area is about 0.62 km2 and die highest control level is 20.63m ( with depth of 4.5m; Yellow Sea elevation and the same below ). (2) Fu River in Wuhan ( see first part of this chapter) (3) Xiaoqing River in Xiangfan ( see first part of this chapter) (4) Sha River and Huangbo River in Yichang It is proposed that the Sha stream which is a branch of Huangbo River is the receiving water body for Leachate of Huangiiawan Landfill. The total length of Huangbo River is 162 km. It flowsthrough Yichangcounty and Yichang city with river basin area of 1902 km2 and congests 3-6 into Yangtze River at Yichang citv. Average flow rate over years is 41.64 m3/s with maximum flow rate of 6900 m'/s and minimum flow rate of 1.2 m3is. 3.1.2.3 Water Courses with IPC Project Six Industrial pollution control projects are distributed in Ezhou, Jingmen. Xiangfan & Yichang city. Water courses which concerned with industrial wastewater discharges are shown in Table 3.1.2- I. Main functions of water bodies with IPC project are shown in Table 3.1 .2-3 . Table 3.1.2-3 Receiving Waters & Main Functions with IPC Project Name Receivingwaters Mainfimnction EchengSteel Plant YangtzeRiver Citywater supply,industrial water, navigation,fishing, irrigating XingangStream Potablewater for villageresidents and industrialwater Mingqu Industrialwater _ YanglanLakc Fishing,industrial water & tounng JingmenCement Plant Yang Stream HubeiPharmaccutical Plant Mingnanchannel YichangCemnent Plant Jiang strem XiangfanChemical Plant XiaoqingRiver Erxi ChenicalPlant ManRiver Cirvwater supplv & indusurialwater 3.1.3 Existing Water Quality of Rivers 3.1.3.1 Yangtze River Existingregularly monitoring data and specificmonitoring data were assessment of existing water quality of the Yangtze River at Wuhan, Huangshi and Ezhou as shown in Tables 3.1.2- 4-3.2.2-6 . According to the monitoring results, water quality of the Yangtze River at Wuhan and Huangshi are generally good. Water quality at Wuhan section, meet the class II standard of GB3838-88 exceptthat certainindexes such as bacillus coli at Yangsi port exceeded the standard. Water quality at Ruangshi section, meet the class III standard of GB3838-88 and meet the class II standard except total mercury. Water qualityin catch bank area at Huangshi section can only meet type V standard. Major pollutants include BOD, and bacillus coli. Water quality in catching bank area bank can meet class III standard of GB3838-88. 3-7 3 I 2~I i1t 5- @t - i. I l-1- _ l -I - blw_ .D PO PO 9 - o- - I9 e as 'a _ - ,o o - WN 01 -' ft~P __ I-o _ - _1 ______- w v~~~~~~f o ao _ 0 = soo cm~~~~.C Table 3. 1.2-5 Water quality monitoring results at Yangtze River Huangshi cross-section Unit:All others mg/i except bacillus pc/I Name Item COD BOD NH,-N N02-N Volatilephenol Cyanide As Cre Pb rd Bacillus Sanxia Aver. 2.10 2.00 0.63 0.022 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.00005 7048 Type IV T______IV It II II II if U If IV Xisai mountain Aver. 2.27 1.9S 0.48 0.028 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.00005 10565 Type V V II 11 It if 11 11 IV Fengbogang Aver. 2.08 1.76 0.64 0.023 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.00005 12133 Type IV IV = II 11 11 I 11 11 IV Yuanjiagang Aver. 3.77 3.84 0.79 0.027 0.079 0.002 *0.004 0.002 0.001 0.00005 19595 ______Type V V 11 V 1i _I .I .I .I IV Shengyangang Aver. 3.09 4.10 1.23 0.024 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.00005 19596 Type V V .I 11I1 IV 3-9 Table 3.1.2-6 Water qualitymonitoring results at area nearbythe bank of YangtzeRiver Ezhou section Unit: Allothes mg/Lexcept pH Name Item | pH Suspension COD. Volatilepbenol Cyanide Fiuorde Sulphide NH,.N Hg Cd Pb As O 1N Aver. 7.82 3.5. 3,3 0.002 <0.004 0.20 0.015 0.079 I #: upstreamof dischargeoutlet of EzhouSteel Plant 2#: downstreamarea nearby ihe bank 3: 1kindownstream 3-10 5.1.3.2 HanRiver Existingregular monitoring data and specificmonitoring data in 1994were collectedapd summarizedin Tables3.1.2-7. The monitoringresults indicatethat, water qualityat upstream of Han River Xiangfan section,can meet the classII standardof GB3838-88most of indexesfall into class I standard; whileat urbanriver section and downsteam, there are severalindexes exceeding class III and class IV standards. Table3.1.2-7 Waterquality in dry periodof Han Riverat Xiangfan ______~~~HnxdianRiver Index Unil Banjawan Zbakou Qingbhoukou Yujialake pH 8.1 8.1 8 8.1 DO mg/l 10 10 10 10 Pemanganateindex 1.9 2.1 5.2 2.7 COD mg/i I 1 4 1 Ammonia(fire) mg/I 0.06 0.07 0.84 0.4 Niuae mg/I 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 Volatilephenol mgr 0.00I* 0.001 0.001 0.001 Cyanide mg/I 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 Axsenic mgll 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 Mercury mg/ 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Chromium mg/I 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 Lead mgll 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Cadmium mgfl 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 Oil mgd 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 3.1.3.3 Tributaries Existingregular and specificdata were enployed for assessing water qualityof the tributaries in proposalcities urban area. The monitoringdata showsthat: Themajor tnbutaries such as Fu River,Xiaoqing River, Tangbai River & Nanqu, have been 3-11 seriouslypolluted, couldn'tmet class V standardof GB3838-88and main pollutantsare organic pollutants,and suspendedmatter is, causedby dischargeddomestic and industrialwastewater. Waterquality of Fu Riverupstream & HuangboRiver is slightlybetter, which meetclass [V standard.Sha River has the worst water qualitythat exceededclass V standard. XingangRiver, Man River& YanRiver, has also beenpoLuted The water qualitymeets type IV-V standard.Main pollutantsare relatedto types of dischargedindustrial wastewater 3.1.3.4 Lake in Wuhan Monitoring materialsfrom 1992to 1993 were employedfor the assessmentof lakes, as shownin Tables3.1.3-1 - 3.1.3-5. 1. East lake: Indexesof organicpollutants and nutrienthave seriouslygone beyondthe standard. 2. MoshuiLake: Main pollutingindexes for water qualityof Moshui Lake are KN, TP, BOD5, Permanganateand volatilephenol, of whichaverage values for 6 years have exceededthe standardby 9.5,3.3, 2.5, 1.3& 0.1 timesrespectively. Besides, index of Cr+6is 0.86 and approaches water qualitystandard. The pollutionis relativelyserious. Theanalyses shows that besides soils erosion around the catchment,most of depositsat the bottomofMoshui Lake camefromn.vaious suspended solids and corpsesof aquaticorganism carried by city sewage.Average thickness of sludgein the lake is 1.0m,which contains large amountof orgaic mattersof nitrogenand phosphorusand heavymetals. The monitoringat 6 points of the lake showsCu, Zn and ibex Cr are ultimatelyenriched, indicating that bo' )m matters of MoshuiLake havebeen polluted by severl heavymetals. 3. Nan Lake: As shownin the table,main pol}utants in Nan Lake is KN.In averagerain period, BOD 5 at fishingground (1) exceedsthe standard;in dry period,cyanide at fishingground (2) has exceeded the standard. 4. Nantai2iLake: Annualaverage individual event indexes for pollutingfactors of Nantaizi Lakethat have exceeded the standardinclude KN, TP & BOD5. They have exceededby 1.51, 0.62 & 0.23times respecively and NO,-Nalso approaches the standard.Nutrient indexes show the Lake is experiencingmedium high eutrophication. Theover years monitorng reults NanLake indicatedthat water qualityof the Lake is quiet steadywith a slightvariation in dry and averageperiod, KN indexexceeds the standard;sometimes cyanide& BODSalso exceedstandard. 5. CihuLake in Huangshi The monitoringwater qualitydata are sunmnaryzed in Tables3.1.3-6 whichshow. Itemsthat exceedthe standardincluding BOD 5, NH2 and phosphorus. Water qualityof the Lake fallsinto class IV standardof GB3838-88. The monitoringdata for bottommatters ofthe Lake alsobe collectedwhich show south part of the Lake for monitoringresults. 3-12 i Cihu Lake is mainly polluted bv heavy metals of Cu & Pb; while the north part is mainly polluted by total ammonia & phosphorus. It is estimated that slight, heavy polluted bottom cover 50%, 40% and 10% respectively. 3. Yanglan Lake in Ezhou Water quality monitoring data of Yanglan Lake show concentration NH,-N, N and P ides exceeded the permit standard. Concentrationof poDlutantsin sedimentationlayer of YanglanLake, the index of Pb Hg, Cu, As & Cd exceeded the standard. Rank of pollutants is listed from higher to lower as follows: Pb > Hg> Cu> As> Cd > Cr+6 > Cr> pH; 3-13 Table 3.1.3-1 Water qualitymonitoring statistics at mon.!tcringpoints of East lake Time Location TransparencyBacillus Cu Pb DO Pennanganate BOD, NH3 N02-N Zn KN TP Volatile CN As Cd ______~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~I Iphenol 1993 Guozheng Lake 31 .x0l06 0.002 0.008 7.0 7.0 9.7 0.005 0.068 0.01 3.38 0.339 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.001 (Shuiguo Lake) Guozheng Lake 46 1.0x 10 0.00 0.00 8.0 5.5 7.8 0.063 0.057 0.01 1.33 0.126 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.001 (Wuda) 2 8 -- - Guozheng Lake 45 9.13 0.00 0.00 8.6 5.4 7.0 0.032 0.042 0.01 0.94 0.114 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.000 (Mo mountain) xio' 2 8 TanglingLake 58 220 0.00 0.00 8.7 3.6 3.2 0.053 0.013 0.04 0.70 0.031 0.001 0.0 0.0 0.001 a 3 . ~~3-14 Table 3.1.3-2 Statisticsof water qualitymonitoring results in 1988-1993for MoshuiLake Point Parameter Pernanganate BODs NO,-N N03-N Ar-OI-I CN As Cr" Pb Cd Cu Zn TP KN Standard Sall 1.0 2.0 0.01 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.005 1.0 2.0 0.2 2( = lem======-_ S Aver. 15.0 12.6 0.146 0.26 0.0075 0.006 O.OOS50.010 0.014 0.001 0.011 0.06 1.117 16.31 Ratiobeyond % 100 72 = 28 _ = 5.6 - 100 100 Aver.times beyond 1.9 2.1 -. -- - 15.6 8.2 16# Aver. 26.1 43.6 0.019 0.14 0.017 0.005 0.0065 0.017 0.014 0.001 0.012 0.18 1.034 27.78 Ratiobeyond % 94 83 83 5.6 - . 100 100 Aver.times beyond 3.3 7.3 - 1.7 - - - - 5.2 13.9 17# Aver. 16.7 12.2 0.169 0.34 0.006 0.004 0.0057 0.008 0.014 0.001 0.012 0.06 0.626 20.19 Ratiobeyond % 100 89 56 16.7 .= _ - .95 100 Aver.times beyond 2.1 2.0 =._=_- 13.1 10.1 80 Aver. 14.1 14.5 0,275 0,40 0.010 0.006 0.0053 0.008 0.014 0.001 0.012 0.06 0.671 19.46 Ratiobeyond % 89 89 5.6 - 22 - - - - -89 100 Aver.times beyond 1.8 2.4 - - - . - 3.4 9.7 Total Aver. 18.0 20.7 0.152 0.29 0.011 0.005 0.0058 0.043 0.014 0.001 0.012 0.09 0.862 20.94 =Aver. times beyond 1.3 2.5 0.1 3.3 9.5 3-15 Table 3.1.3-3 Water qualitymonitoring statistics and assessmentresults for NantaiziLake in 1994(yearly average) Time Index Perrnanganate BOD, NO,-N NO-N KN TP VolatileCN As Cre Pb lCd Cu Zn phenol _ _ Concentration 2.13- 2.24- 0.085- 0.42- 0.69-5.91 0.028- 0.001- 0.002- 0.004 0.005- 0.020 0.002 0.008- 0.01-0.042 5.62 6.42 0.26 1.04 0.197 0.003 0.004 0.024 0.022 Aver. 3.77 4.09 0.14 0.78 2.51 0.018 0.0015 0.0025 0.004 0.015 0.020 0.002 0.010 0.013 Raliobeyond 0 50 28.3 0 83.3 66.7 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard% Whole Aver.times 0.023 1.51 0.62 . yer beyond standard Waterquality 0.628 1.023 0.933 0.039 2.51 1.62 0.3. 0.0125 0.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.01 index 0.013 No beyond beyond beyond beyond standard 3-16 Table 3.1.3-4 Statistics of water quality monitoring results for Nan Lake fishing ground Itcm Ycai rransparency Crt' Cu Pb DO Peimanganate BODnNH1-N NOQ-N Zn KN TP VolalileC:N As Cd ______~~~~~~~phenol Fishingground Nan Lake 1992 54 0.007 0.031 0.000 8.4 5.8 3.6 0.186 0.026 0.12 2.00 0.058 0.004 o0.000 0.000 0.000 rishingground (l) 1993 43 0.014 0.000 0.000 8.5 6.2 3.9 0.030 0.125 0.04 2.99 0.136 0.O,l 0.004 0.000 0.000 Aver. 53 0.014 0.006 0.003 8.3 5.6 3.8 0.098 0.036 0.09 2.23 0.126 0.003 ).0020.002 l.000 Nan Lake 1992 49 ( 005 0.013 0.000 8.0 0.2 3.7 0.082 0.025 0.15 1.65 0.083 0.002 0.002 0.00(40.000 fishingground (2) 1993 44 0.004 0.000 0.000 6.5 5.9 4.1 0.0307 00.02 2.97 o.13s 0.002 0.005 3 0.u00 . ._. Aver. 54 0.014 0.002 0.003 8.4 5.5 3.4 0.070 0.24 0.07 2.27 0.151 0.004 0.004 0.0 0.00 Table 3.1.3-5 Monitoring results at water quality assessment points of Chi Lake Unit: Allothers mgJl, except bacillus pcAl Period Item COD BOD NH, N0 -N Volatilephenol 1 Cyanide As Cr'6 Bacillus Pb Cd P index Sample 21 21 21 21 21 7 7 7 12 7 7 21 Whole Max. 6.33 7.46 1.73 0.126 0.002 year 0.002 0.004 0.002 24000 0.001 0.00005 0.250 Min. 3.03 0.83 0.14 0.009 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.002 2400 0.001 0.00005 0.093 Aver. 4.40 0.27 0.66 0.065 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.002 4167 0.003 0.00005 0.140 Ratiobeyond 10 43 48 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 standard(%) . .. _ |It( __ _ t 3-17 Table 3.1.3-6 Monitoring results at water quality assessment points of Cihu Lake Unit: All others mg/I. except bacillus pc.A Period Item COD BOD NH2 N0-N Volatilephenol Cyanide As Cr"' Bacillus Pb Cd P Index Sample 21 21 21 21 21 7 7 7 12 7 7 21 Whole Max. 6.33 7.46 1.73 0.126 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.002 24000 0.001 0.00005 0.250 yearIIII Min. 3.03 0.83 0.14 0.009 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.002 2400 0.001 0.00005 0.093 Aver, 4.40 0.27 0.66 0.065 0.001 0.002 0,004 0.002 4167 0.001 000005 0.140 Ratio beyond IO 43 48 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 100 standard(%) I . . . 3-18 3.1.4 Air Quality 3.1.4.1 GeneralCondition Atmosphericenvironment monitoring network in Hubeiprovince was set up in 1982.Up to 1990, 36 monitoring stations were introducedin the network and totally 139 samplingpoints for atmospheric monitoringwere providedwith 127 points for urban samplingand 12 points for cleaningcomparison. Main items to be monitored includeSO 2, NOx and TSP ( Total Suspended Particles).Refer to Table3.1.4-1 for resultsof monitoringatmospheric enviromnent quality in 1990 at sixcities withwhich the projectis concemed. Methodof unitermindex is adoptedfor calculationand assessmentaccording to type II standardof class-2area in GB3095-82.For distributionof atmosphericenvironment in proposalcities refer to Table3.1.4-2. Table3.1.4-1 Air pollutionindex of the proposalcities city_ Unitermindex so, NOx T'SP Wuhan 0.30 0.39 0.60 Huangshi 0.69 0.35 1.09 Yichang 1.90 0.40 0.96 Xiangfan 0.27 0.24 1.12 Ezhou 0.52 0.16 0.95 ~Jiugmn0.15 0X27 1.13 Table3.1.4-2 Monitoringresults of atnosphericenvironment in 1990for proposalcities city Itam Yearly5-dav aver. Dailyaver. concenrabion Daily aver.beyond 3 3 (mg/r______) _(mgla ) suadard f Wuhan SO. 0.045 0.005-0-531 3.0 NOx 0.039 0.003-0.268 5.0 TSP 0.18 0.015-0.86 _ Huangshi SO, 0.103 0.005-0.519 19A NOx 0.035 0.007-0.110 1.1 TSP 0.32 0.066-1.29 50 Yichang SO2 0.285 0.005-0.820 70.0 NOx 0.040 0.0034.174 3.0 TSP 0.29 0.03-0.83 37.0 Xiann SO. 0.041 0.005-0.185 _2_.7 NOx 0.02.5 0.003-0.089 TSP 0.35 0.05-0.90 56.0 Ezhou SO. 0.05 0.005-0.233 17.2 NOx 0.016 0.004-0.054 5.6 TSP 0.29 0.05-0.67 46.6 Jingmen SO, 0.025 0.005-0.127 NOx 0.029 0.009.0.101 1.5 TSP 0.35 0.05-1.10 50.8 3-19 SO,in Yichang,Huangshi & Bzhouseriously exceeded the standard,with the excess rates of 70%, 19.4%and 17%for dailyavenge value respectively; The excess rate of dailyaverage NOx, in each city is less than 6%; TSP also exceededthe standard.Especially in Four IPC proposal cities, the excessrate of daily averageTSP is veryhigh. 3.1.4-2 Solid WasteLandfill Site 1. Xisai landfillsite Specificmonitoring of air qualityaround Xisai landfill was carriedout in Janualy 21-25, 1995. The monitoringindexes include H 2S, NH2, TSP & dust, meet class II standardin 'Atmospheric EnvironmentQuality Standard GB3095-82'. 2. Jinkou landfill Specificmonitoring of air qualityaround the Jinkoulandfill site provide by Wuhan Envirorunent& SamtaryScience Research Institute, with four daysmonitoring period in December26-28, 1994,and four monitoringpoints. Indexesat paintsNo. 1 & 2 exceededthe standard,H2S at pointNo. 3 is exceedthe standard withrate of 20%.At all samplg points,there are significantodors effect exceptthe referencepoint. Themain reason is that the siteis cuaTentlyused for non-standarddisposal and points No. 1 & 2 are located at the very site. 3. Huangjiawanlandfill Specificsampling for air qualityassessment was performedon the Landfillsite in January18-24, 1995.With four samplingpoints around the site. Meteorologicobsfrvation was also madeat the sametime with sampling. The monitored itemsinclude SO, NH3,11S & TSP and the monitoringtime is at 7:00, 11:00, 15:00 & 19:00 every day. The data showsair qualitycan meet the standardexcept TSP. 4. Shipo landfillsite The specificmonitoring of airquality with sampling items are S02, NOx, TSP, H2S, NH2 & CH, at three monitoringpoints providedfor the assessment. The monitoringtime is January25-29, 1995,with successivemonitoring of five days. Samplingand analysisshall be conductedat 8:00, 11:00& 18:00every day. Monitoring sultsshow dailyaverage concentation of S02 NOx & TSP is lower than limit of c]ass-3 standard. 3.2.3.3 IndustrialPollution control project 1. Echeng Iron & Steel Plant Approxmately 7 monitoring points were selected for sampling. Monitoring items are TSP, NOx, SO., CO; meanwhilesuch routine meteorologic parameters as wind direction & velocity and atmospheric temperature & pressure shall be monitored. 3-20 Samplingperiod was December5-9, 1994;successive monitoring for 5 days;sampling 5 timesfor each day,i.e. at 7:00, 11:00,15:00, 19:00 & 23:00. Monitorig statisticsof mainpoDuting factors ( TSP, NOx, SO, & CO ) are shownin Table 3.1.4-3 The extentof pollutionin abovefour pollutantsis TSP>SO2>CO>NOx,and the variation by seasonis w.nter>autumn>spring>summer. 2. New sitefor JingmenCement Plant Sevensampling points were selected in the area, Monitoringitems were TSP, SO2 & NOx. Samplingperiod and frequencyare for 5 successivedays in Dec. 14-18, 1994 and 4 samplesper day. The samplingtime is at 7:00, 11:00,15:00 & 19:00. 3-21 Table 3.1.4-3 Statistics Air Quality of the surrounding area of Echeng Iron & Steel Plant Unit:mg/rn Name TSP NOx SO, p CO Concem | Max.daily 5-day Concemrn Max daily 5-day Concem | Max daily 5-day Concen Max daily _-dy I Yilianpod 0.601-0.705 1 1 0.020-0.048 0.04 0.04 0.029-0.073 0.06 0.05 1.14-3.25 2.4 23 Fankou 0.329-0.443 0 0 0.013-0.050 0.05 0.04 0.005-0.310 0.01 0.09 1.18-3.19 2.6 2.4 ClockPlant Daijiawan 0.223-0.634 1 0 0.003-0.050 0.03 0.03 0.029-0.141 0 0.1 1.14-2.63 2.2 2.1 Xishan 0.281-0.506 1 0 0.009-0.029 0.02 0.02 0.033-0.148 0 0 2.09-3.69 X_iuyua.n 3.2 3.1 Slhikazhou 0.278-0.370 0 0 0.013-0.049 0.04 0.03 0.121-0.296 0 0 1.72-3.91 3.1 3 Lialhus 0.276-0.367 0 0 0.007-0.028 0.02 0.02 0.005- 0.02 0.02 0.9-2.54 2.1 1.7 mountain 0.050 Qilijie 0.378-0.430 0 0 0.011-0.035 0.03 0.02 0.031-0.166 0 0 1.93-3.31 3.2 3 3-22 Table 3.1.4 - 4 Air QualityAssessment of the New Site of JingmenGement Plant Samplingpoint Site Luojiayan Zilingxiang Xiangbizui Meimanyiz Zilingwuzu Jianquin Assessment u Reservoir zone TSP Once Scope(mg/rn') 0.046-0.46 0.124-0.655 0.078-0.487 0.006- 0.118- 0.022- 0.063-0.30 0.006-0655 __.______0.192 0.528 0.295 Ratiobeyond 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standa (%) Daily Scope(mg/r) 0.114- 0.175-0.402 0.204-0.316 0.082- 0.20-0.288 0.093. 0.109-0.152 0.082-0.402 over. 0.206 . 0.145 0.148 Ratiobeyond 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard (%) _Polluting i dex 0.30 0.55 0.49 0.21 0.51 0.24 0.29 0.37 SO, Once Scope(mg/m') 0.005- 0.005-0.024 0.005.0.037 0.005- 0.005- 0.005 0.005-0.042 0.005-0.045 0.045 0.031 0.032 Ratiobeyond 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard(%} Daily Scope(nig/mr) 0.009- 0.011-0.020 0.009-0.020 0.011- 0.008- 0.005 0.005-0.014 0.005-0.(t24 avcr. 0.024 _ 0.018 0.022 Ratio beyond 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 standard (%) .______Polluting i dex 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.03 0_05 NOx Once Scope(mg/m') 0.007- 0.007-0.061 0.010-0.031 0.003- 0.003- 0.003- 0.003-0.018 0.003-0-111 0.11 1 0.034 0.040 0.030 _ Ratiobeyond 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard (%) Daily Scope(mg/rn') 0.012- 0.015-0.032 0.014-0.026 0.009- 0.007- 0.003- 0.006-0.012 0.003-0.060 aver. 0.060 . 0.021 0.021 0.034 Ratiobeyond 0 0 0 0 0 0 standard(°K) 0 0 Polluting index 0.20 0.17 0.13 0.10° 0.11 0.10 0.05 0.12 3-23 TSP:during the monitoring,daily average at points 2# (Luojiawan)& 3# (Zilingxiang)has exceededthe standardwith rate of 40% & 20% respectively.It is estimatedto be causedby dusts dischargedfrom JingmenCement Factory. At other points can meet to class-2standard.(Table 3.1.4-4) SO, & NOx: met the class-2standard during monitoring perod 3. New site for YichangCement Plant Seven samplingpoints which are located in a 3.5 km radius of the proposed site were selected for air qualityassessment. The No.7 samplingpoint at WulinTheater was selectedas a reference. Monitoringitems are TSP,S02 & NOxand with 5 successivedays in Dec. 14-19,1994 and 4 samplesper day at 7:00, 11:00, 15:00& 18:00day time. Table3.1.4-5 showsthe monitoringresults. Duringthis period,primary concentration and dailyaverage concentrationof TSP & NOx at the pointmet the standard,but that of S02 exceededat point 4 with a rate of 20%. Thispoint is located 1.0kamto the southeastof plannedsite. At WulinTheater point between existing site and plannedsite, TSP & SO have exceeded the standardwith indexof 0.93 and 0.85.The dailyaverage values of TSP and SO2 exceededthe standardwith a rate of 40%f& 20% respectively.This lpointis 4.7bn to southeastof the planed site, but is lessthan 2kmaway from the existingsite. 4. XlazwfanChemical Plant Five samplingpoints were selectedfor air quality assessmentin the plant area. Recent monitoringdata are also be employed. Monitoring items are SO., NOx, TSP and fluoride. Themonitorng data showthat Asinfrred fromthe table, TSP is the most seriouspoilution in the assessmentzone, which is mainlygenerated by dense industrialdusts from XlangfanChemical Factoryand fulme& dustsfrom XiangfanCoal-fired Power Plant. Fluoride in productionarea of the factory has exceeded the standard, the average has exceededby 1.31 times. S and NOxare lowerconcentration that GB3095-82class-2 standard limits. 3-24 Table 3.1.4 -5 Air QualityAssessment of New Siteof YichangGement Plant Samplingpoint (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) TSP Once Scope 0.023-0.447 0.022-0.239 0.052-0.235 0.044.0.426 0.011-0.090 0.033-0.279 0.011-0.447 0.089-0.3' Ratiobeyond 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dailyaver. Scope 0.131.0.270 0.115-0.201 0.067-0.171 0.122-0.182 0.048-0.095 0.117-0.217 0.048"0.270 0.221-0.31 Ratiobeyond 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 Pollutingindex 0.61 0.49 0.37 0.52 0.22 0.58 0.46 0.93 SO Once Scope 0.009-0.152 0.005-0.282 0.005-0.224 0.026-0.436 0.005-0.127 0.005-0.168 0.005-0.436 0.056-0.31 Ratio beyond 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dailyaver. Scope 0.028.0.096 0.025-0.098 0.012.0.104 0.049-0.232 0.006-0.082 0.012-0.080 0.006-0.232 0.088-0.1' Ratio beyond 0 0 0 20 0 0 33 20 _ Polluting index 0.34 0.34 0.23 0.38 0.2 0.28 0.3 0.85 NOx Primary con. Scope 0.003-0.063 0.004-0.028 0.003-0.073 0.006-0.079 0.003-0.037 0.004-0.080 0.003-0.080 0.016-0.0: Ratiobeyond 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dailyaver. Scope 0.014-0.038 0.012-0.020 0.008-0.030 0.013-C.036 0.013-0.026 0.010-0.024 0.008-0.038 0.028-0.0 FRatio beyond 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Polluting index 0.3 0.17 0.17 0.24 0.17 0.16 (I) Plantsite 0.2 0.36 (2) Oonghecunelementuy schcol (3) Gonghecun 4th group (4) Dirigfangcwpet plant (5) YuJicchong (6) Uonghecws6th group (7) Average (8) Wxulintheter 3-25 . ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . 5. Erxi ChemicalPlant Monitoringdata obtainedin summnerof 1992 and winter of 1993 were used for the assessment.S02, NOx & TSP were selected. Exceptthat concentration of NOxat personnelhospital and daily averageconcentration of NOx at Zaoshugangexceeded the standard, air qualityat other points can meet class-2 standard. NOxexceeding the standardmay caused by unnormaloperation of nitrictail gas treatment facilityin the plant. 3.1.5 GeologyHydrological of Landfills 3.1.5.1 YingkouLandfill Site A whole-rangedhydrogeology survey was madein Wuhancity by Wuhanhydrogeology EngineeringSurvey Team(also calledEnvironment hydrogeology General Station of Hubei province).The third well of VI line wason the south border of the landfillsite. The secondwell was in northeastof the landfillsite, In August, 1982,a monitoringwell was built in the center area of the landfillsite. The geologicstructure exposed by the VI-3 well, VI-2 well and the monitoringwell is listed in the followingthe Table 3.1.5 - l. Thegeological section plane at VI surveyingline is in the directionof NNE and passing throughthe landfillsite in oblique.Analyzing from the section drawingand informationmaterial of the monitoringwell, surveyingdata show the upper layer of the site is 25 m thick clay layer(QuatemaryPleistocene series Q31'.According to the permeabilitycoefficient test, the permeabilitycoefficient of Q3 clay layer is 1.3-4.5x1(5 /nId(i.e. 1.4-4.5x10 9ms). Thereis an about 5m thick sand gravelconfined aquifer under tlfe claylayer. The depth of groundwateris approximaely3.46m. The groundwaterflows from North to South,from West to Eat Table3.1.5 - 1 GeologyStructure exposed with VI-3VI-2 and monitoringwell GeologySu,cur exposedwith VI-3V1-2 and monitoring well VI-3 VI-2 Monitoringwell 0-3.Omgrayish brown clav 0-5.02mbrownish vellow clay 0-4.0myellow brown clay -I 0.59mbrownish yellow clayev soil -I 2.45msludge clayey soil -24.5msludge clay -18.6 m.redbmwn day - 6.54mcontaining sludge clay -29.5mshade stone soiid -25.00mgreet white clayey soil -18.4m yellow brown clayey soil -32.Omclay rock -29.39msand gravel -19.57msilt welldepth 32m -31.84mmedium sand -25.Mnsmedium sand -33.Omgravel bed -28.mdboulder clay -60.43msilt rock -29.37mgravel bed Welldepth 60.43m -36-48mpurple sand gravel -50.13mgravel bed welldepth:50.13m 3-26 The permeabilitycoefficient of the aquifer is approximately1.26rn/day(i.e. 1.396x I -... 3 5m/s). The estimated flow rate of the monitoringwell is lOOImlday. . .. Thewater of the monitoringwell is colorlessand transparentwith a temperatureof 180 C. ' The CaMgC206 type is of and low mineralizedlight hardwater. 3.1.5.2 XishaiLandfill site Belongingto the rare border of the first YangtzeRiver terrace on the south side of Huangshi,a lakebranch of YoujiaLake in the east, Xishailandfill site is of hillterrace by lake. On its sidesof north,east and southare low hills.In northwest,it is adjacentto YoujiaLake by a soildike. The exposedlayers in the landfillsite are recent artificialaccumulated layer, Quaternary ciffdebris-laustrinelayer, Quatenary residue-cliff debris and Cretaceous-TeriaryDonghu Lake Group.The geologicstructure is simple,that is, Cretaceous-TertiaryDonghu Lake Group sea gravelrock inclining to east. I. Aquifer Aquiferis composedof two layersbased on geologicstructure: a. Quatemnaryresidue--drift bed void perneable rock(WbQel-dl) Mainlydistributes in the slope baseof hill in southeastof the ground in shape of new. moon.With 5% of the totallandfill site area. The thickness varies between 0.5-1.5m with terrain. The lithologicalcharacters appears soil yellow,light wet, plastic-hardplastic, containing sand gravel,medium permeability. The permeabilitycoeflicient is 0.48m/d. b. Cretaceous-TertiaryDonghu Lake Group fissure of weather sand gravel with permeablerock inly distrbutesin the saddleand slope of hill.With 1O%/6of the total landfi;lsite. This layeris dividedinto two layersby groundwater table. The layerunder the groundwater tableis weathered sandgravel fissure aquifer. The upper part of DonghuLake Group sand gravelis Quatemaryresidue-drift bed, the lower part is Cretaceous-Tertiary Donghu Lake Group sand gravelwith uneven thickness between 4-Sm. The void ratio of heavyweathered rock- is 0.55 and permeabilitycoefficient is 0.555md. 2. Waterresistin layer a Quaternarydrift bed-lacustrineclay layer(Q I-di) Mainlydistributes in the area nearthe bank line of YoujiaLake. The thicknessis 0-2m The locationis abovethe Tertiay residue-drift bed. The Githologicalcharacteristics is greet brown,very wet to saturated,soft plasticto plastic.Part of themcontains corroded plantation. In simple hydrologicalsurvey, there is not absolute changes in the hydrodynamiclevel and flushingliquid. b. Cretaceous-TertaryDonghu Lake Group sand gravel(k-R) On ground surfacing,it is distributedin the buryingground and some top and ridge of 3-27 nearbyhill. The geologicsurvey shows that this layer enjoy a large range of distribution.The influenceof geologicstructure movement to this layer is small.The faultedstructure is not developedwell. The changesof layeris smooth.and incliningto east. The componentsof sand gravelis complicated.There is no changesof dynamiclevel and flushingliquid consumption duringthe constructionof drillhole. 3. Hvdrodynamicconnection among layers Theaquifer and peimeablelayer of Quaternaryresidue--Tertiary drift bed and Cretaceous- -TertiaryDonghu lake groupweathered sand gravelcontact directly. The linkagebetween the aquiferand permeablelayer is closed.In addition,known from the geologicsurvey, there is no confinedwater in landfillsite. 4. Groundwater tableand water quantity The depth of groundwater variesbetween 0-3m. The maxdepth is 5m. Thethickness of unifiedaquifer layer in the landfillsite area is about 0.5-0.6m.With thin pemeablelayer and weathered fissure being filled with clay, the water containingquantity is very limited.The recharges unified fissure aquifer layer are mainlyfrom precipitationand runoff. The dischargingarea is the YoujiaLake. 5. Groundwaterquality The samplingtime for ground water qualityis the same as the abovementioned. The water of Qinglongzhuiwell and Wangiiadunwell is sampledfor test. The monitoringresults indicatesthat the water qualityis good. Exceptfor the total numberof bacteriumexceeding the standard,the otherindexes can meet the DrinlingWater StandardGB5749-85, Which means the ground water quality(Table 3.1.5- 2). 3-28 Table3.1.5 -2 Monitoringresults and assessmentfor ground water environmentquality Point Wangjiadun Qinglongzui l Date 0123 0124 0123 0124 pH ______7.81 7.83 7.89 | 7.99 Hardinss D[N 18.1 17.8 23.1 23.3 Volatilephenol mg/L y y y y Cl m-g/L y y y y S2 mgiL y y y y NH2 mg/L 0.10 0.29 0.16 .21 NOL-N mgflL y y 0.064 .128 NO,-N m8gL 1.0 1.0 11.8 11.6 CNm MgL y y y y Crt mg/L y y .004 .004 F- mg8L 0.30 0.30 0.27 0.27 Cu mglL 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Pb MgL/_ 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 Hg Ug/L 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Cd * _ ggL 0.05 0.13 0.05 0.05 As X /I. 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.03 Total bacteria pc/MI 3700 1130 2380 1360 Bacillus coli pcInL _ >230 >230 >230 >230 3.1.5.3 ShipoLandfill Site 1. Hydrogeology The landfillsite is located on the three classes terrain pore confined hydro-geologyunit. There are two classterrain void lightconfined geology hydrological unit and one classterrain voiddouble medium geology hydrological unit. Owing to internalfolding of terrain classby class, the waterof variousunits are connectedto form the geologyhydrological system of Fan Town. The ground water of the systemflows from NNW to SSE. The hydrodynamnicslope of ground water is 1/1000-3/1000.The depthof groundwater at bottom of low lyingland is 13.66m. The surfacelayer soil is Pleistoceneseries upper clay(Q22)with color of yellow,brown red and the characteristicsof havingveins of grayishwhite, yellow white. The main mineral contentsare montmoillonite,hydroniica and quartz.The thicknessin the ground area is 16-50m. The soi grains composition: 0. 1-0.05rmmgrains takes 10.5-14%,0.05-0.005 mnuntakes 46.5-49%/o, withthe diametersmaller than 0.005mmtakes 37-43%.The permeabilitycoefficient of this soil 3-29 layer is closed to zero. * I ? The lower soil layerof the burvingground area is MiddlePleistocene Sires lower part sand g-avel layer(Q27). Ingredient of gravel are quartzite, limestone and amnestied. The diameter of gravel comunonlyis 5-10cm.The prephenic is high. The thickness inside the ground area is about 12.5cm.The coefficient of permeability of the layer is O.98mnd.The outflow rate of drilled hole is 0.3141 UIs.m. The bottom of the landfll! site is great thick Neogene silt sand and clay rock and the bottom of Quaternary Deposition basin. 2. Ground water quality Three welisdrilled in different places of the landfillfor water quality sampling in san 25- 27, 1995. Sampling items are PHK SS, Total hardness, Fe, Mn, Zn, As,Hg, Cr6 ,Cd index of Permanganate, BOD5, NH3-N, N02-N, Volatile phenol, Total number of bacterium, Bacillus, fluoride. Monitoring data are summarized in the Table 3.1.5-5, which shows the ground water quality of this area is in good condition, meet the standard of (GB5749-85. 3.1.5.4 Huangiiawan Landfill Site 1. Geology and Hydrogeology The exposedlayer in the landfill mainly are Quatemary accumulated matters, Cretaceous Sires Pleistooenelayer. In local geologicstructure, they are located on Cretaceous fluviolacustrine deposit red layerwhich tends in the directions of NNE- The layers are of singly incline structure. and tend from north east by 40-50 degree to south east. The incliningangle is 3-5 degree. The fimitieris not developed, in which faulted lay is scare. The lithological characters of Quatenary accumulated matters of the landfill area has changed a lot According to its main genesis, it can be classifiedinto aMuAialand drift bed- Alluviallayer is mainlycontrbuted in Shahe River Valley, composed of sludge silt clay, sludge silt and gravel layer and 4-6m thick layer is mainly distributedin the bottomof stream trench on the right bank of Shahe River, composed of sludge soil and silt soiLsilt clay lined with gravel, and 6-8m thick. Drift bed, is mainly distributed at the slopebase in Psephytedistribution area, composed of gravel lined with clay and I-3m thick. The basement rock is Cretaceous Plestocence layer. According to the lithological characters of the exposed layer, it can be dividedinto the upper and lower layers. The upper layer is sand stone and the lower layer is of psephyte. The hydrogeologycondition ofthe landfillarea and the adjacent area is simple.Except the psesplyteof bed rock contains a little quantity of void and fissure water, the sand rock basically is a relative water resing layer. The ground water in the bed rock mainly is controlled by fissure with bed. Permeabilityand water hading ability.Scarcely flow out. In some local area having clay silt sand or clay rock, there are some springs flowing out But the water quantity is not abundant. The outflow of spring is very small, cormnonly is 0.001-0.011/s. They depend on seasonal precipitation absolutelyand mainly get make-up from rain and flow to Shahe River. The gravel layer under the accumulated layer of the bottom of Shahe VMllage,as well as 3-30 sludge silt, the main aquifers in the landfillarea are rich in ground water. Exposed with drilling well,the water of aquiferingravel layer is pressurewater. The depth of ground water varies between 0.3-0.6m. The permeability coefficient(k) of aquifer is 10.0-12m/d.The hydraulic connection between the ground water and Shahe River is quietgood. The groundtype of water is HCO3-CaMg withoutcorrosiveness to concrete. Theground water flows to streamfrom free slopeof streamsection and to ShaHeRiver aftercollection in stream. Hydraulicslop of ground water in the landfillarea is 0.8%. The averagepermeability coefficientK=4.6ImId. The ground water of ShaheRiver Valleyflows to south by west when getting out of the landfillarea, samplingduring Jan 17-19, 1995 turns to north west near Huangjiawanand turns againat the placeof Zhangbao.Ground water retentionarea is formed at the placesof ShaheReservation and Shahe village. The flowingdistance of ground water from the landfilldike to ShaheRiver Valleyis about 1500m. 2. Ground-waterquality Yichangcity three monitoringwells and a referencepoint were selectedfor the ground watersampling during Jan 17-19,1995. The monitoring wells respectively are the weil group, the No.3 wellin the seweragetreating area in the down sectionof landfilland the No.5 well at the placeof the landfilldyke. The referencepoint is Huangshengin'swell in Hunangjiawan.Refer to Table3.1.5 - 6 for monitoringresults. 3-31 Table3,1.5 - 5 Monitoringresults for groundwater qualityin Shipogarbage land fillmg/L [mmn| | pH |S Hudnws| Fe I Pamauml:te BODO NH, |NO,N |Mm Ve!shl Zn As Ng |b cel |Toaml Cd | t Flufda | Ayes 7.06 2.3 12295 C90 3214 1506 @10341 D00 0.- 0180 29 T 3 0il Aver. 1231 1.1 12.7) 0.70 2.67 11.69 0 TI5 0T99 2 aC) 027 Ays 724 3.7 :2.?) 0.8 26. 1.59 .0.9 042 99 .3 a250 SUn 6 1 4'9 0°1 10 r 00 0.00 G05 0r G0l ma 3 t0 Table3.1.5 - 6 Monitoringresults of ground water JUL.1995 Monitoelnapoinl Date pH Totha1dnes(DIN) Peamapn*ne BOD, TXN NH, NO-N Ground wale Water In Meiliya Group I 17 7.56 20.76 2.08 0.10 0.11 0.01 0.004 18 7.20 16.83 1.10 0.04 0.09 0.01 0.004 19 7.10 20.64 1.33 0.07 0.14 0.01 0.005 Ground water Water in drill well 3 17 7.42 19.07 2.62 1.52 0.87 0.67 0.008 8I 7.53 20.64 2.20 0.35 0.36 0.30 0.002 19 7.24 23.11 1.96 0.61 0.32 0.14 0.003 Ground water Water in drill well 5 17 7.52 16.27 6.26 J.66 0.73 0.63 0.009 I 8 7.38 19.26 5.33 1.12 0.78 0.66 0.005 19 7.39 19.46 6.43 2.22 0.34 0.65 0.003 Ground watoe Well waltr of Huaniphuxin's fnmily I I 7.53 1.02 0.08 0.08 0.02 0.005 (ftf) 19 7.51 1.10 1.63 0.14 0.01 3-32 Continued Table 3.1.5 - 6 len. 1995 Monitoringpoint Date NO1N Cynide HS Cr Pb Cd CuZun Mn No. f bactena ______.species _ Groundwaler Waterin Meiziya Group 1 17 733 0.004 0.00006 0.002 0.003 0.0000 0.00 0.042 0.015 I8 7.23 0.004 0.00013 o.A02 0.004 0.00oa 0.005 0,043 0.016 19 7.10 0.004 0.00004 0.002 0.003 0,0000 0.005 0.044 0.014 Ground water Water In drill well 3 17 0.06 0.004 0.00006 o.002 0.003 0.0000 0.007 0.052 0.017 18 0.33 0004 0.00011 0.002 0.004 0.0000 0.006 0.053 0.017 19 0,13 0.004 0.00007 0.002 0,004 0.0000 0.006 0.051 0.017 Groundwate Waterin drill well 5 17 0.13 0.004 0.00006 0.002 0.003 0.0000 0.006 0.050 0.017 ______13 1.25 0.004 0.00009 0.002 0.004 0.0000 0.006 0.051 0.013 19 0.19 0.004 0.00006 0.002 0.004 0.0000 0.006 0.053 0.016 Oroundwater Well walerof Huanzsuxin's 18 0.004 0.00014 0.002 0.003 family (rOE) 0.0000 0.005 0.045 0.015 _I I_I__ I 9 0.004 0.00005 0.002 0.003 0.0060 .5OOS 0.047_ 0.016 3-33 The resultshows that all the monitoringitems meet the standardsof (GB5749-85).The groundwater has not be pollutedand belongsto highquality ground water. 3.2 EcologicalConditions 3.2.1 Terrestrial Ecosystem The forestarea in Hubeiprovince is 477 .5 thousandhectares, in whichmore than 70% is timber land, 10.5%is economicforest, 10.9%is shelteringwood, 2.3% is fuel wood, and 1538.6thousand hecares is man-madeforest. The average forest landarea person is 0.1 hectare. Theforest coveringrate is 25.7%and the thirteenthin the country. In 1990,2212 thousandhectare forest had been built(calculatedbased on 85% survival rate), in which, 155 thousandhectares is timberland and 34.3 thousand hectaresis economic forest. There are more than 1300kinds of trees in the whole province.The maintrees suitable for aforestationare masonpine, China fir, Huashanpine, Chinesepine, cypress,fir, poplar. The westof Hubeiprovince are especiallyabundant in forest resource.There are a lot kindsof trees which are of high economicvalue and rare precioustimber woods such as conifer of lacebark pine,metasequoia. Thereare fivekinds of grasslandin the province,that is, patchof grass, grassymarsh land, bush clump, sparse woods and marginland by farmlandand forest. The total gross area of grasslandis 655.2 hectaresand 35.2%of soil area of the province.The grass land suitablefor utilizationis 507.1hectares and 77.4 % ofthe grassland area. Theanimal loading capacity of the grassland in the Wvholeprovince is 5473thousand. The proportionof grassland of mostcities and prefecturesin the provinceto the total soil areais between26%o and 40%.It is morethan 4CF/. in the west ofthe provinceand less than 20% in Wuhanand Huangshi.According to study there are almost2000 kindsof wild plans in the whole province.There are 80 kdndsof plantsbelonging to nationalkey protectivewfld plants. There are 25 kinds of terrstrial vertebrate in the whole province, including45 linds of ampphibian,350 kindsof birdsand 106kinds of mammal.Among these wildanimals, there are 69 kinds belongingto nationalkey protectiveanimals. Chinese river dolphin,South Chinatiger, goldenmonkey, macaque, blackbear, white stork and blackstork are the most preciousspecies. Wuhan: The area involvedin the projectof solid wastes control in Wuhan belongsto typicalplain frining area. There is neitherspecial animal, plant, rare or in imniinentdanger species,nor importantforest or plantationand naturalprotective zone. There is no residentialarea in the area of Jinkou landfill.There is a smallvillage and Jmkoucow ground800 m fromthe area of the landfill. Hagshi: Thereis litle forestor grassin a large area. The main plantsare crops (wheat, rice, vegetables),sheltering woods(such as protectivebelt of trees along the embanlanent,the trees around buildings),scatted grass land and a little area for closinghiDl sides to facilitate afforestation.Besides some economnicfit trees, there is little speciesof economicvalue or preciousin imminentdanger. There is no preciouswild animal having economic value in Huangshi 3-34 territory.Its animalresource has the characterof plain area. The mainplants are cropsand timber woods. The animalsare fanninganimals and a little quantityof wild animalssuch as rabbit.The birds are typicalplain inhabitantssuch as sparrow, magpieand swallow. The area involvedin the projectof solidwastes control in Huangshibelongs to typical plainfanning area. Thereis neitherspecial animal, plant, rare of in imminentdanger species, nor importantforest of plantationand natureprotective zone. There is no residentialarea in Xizhailandfill. A little scatteredresidents live 2 km from the landfill area. Yichang:The involvedarea of solidwaste landfillis locatedbetween Yichang city and Yichangcounty. This area mainlyis an agriculturalecosystem. The bottom of ShaheRiver Valley is mainlyused to be fishingpool havingarea of 8.0 hectares and little farmlandand vegetable land.The slopesare distributedwith orangegarden, mason pine and orientalarborvitae forest, seco,ndarybush and grass patchand grass land . In the storingarea, there is 26 hectaresorange gardenmainly on sunslopes and mason and onent arborvitae forest and secondarybush and grass patchmaiy on shadeslopes. Because of stong humaninterference, living capacity is very small and it trendsto be replacedby man-madeforest and vegetableland. In the evaluatedarea ofthe newsite of YichangCement Plant there is a little orangetrees, crops,and fishingpool and no nationalprotective precious wild animal. Ezhou:In the zoneof impactof EzhouIron & SteelPlant, the farmingland is mainlyused forvegetable production as wellas rice, wheatand rape. The hillarea is distributedwith mason pineand bambooforest. From 1981to 1986,5B1362 trees have been plantedin the urban area, 416 flowerbeds have been built. The main trees are France parasoL bauchinia, cedar etc. The main scenery area in the evaluatedterrestrial ecosystem is Xishanscenesy Zone. In 1987, the area of Xishanwas 166.35hectares. The greencovering rate is 75%.It enjoinshaving more than 10 kindsof trees andbamboo, more than 140ldnds of Chinesetraditional medicine and almost 100kinds flowers. Therearea lot of ancientrelics in the sceneyzone, which provides an idealrecreation place. The totalarea of YanglanhiLake SceneryPark is 523 hectares,in which,water area is 268 hectares, land area is 295 hectares. Except Lijiazhui.1200mu land has been green with China fir, cryptonmesia,orange and bery. Thereis no rareprotective animal or plant in the evaluatedarea XingLn: The plannedarea for industrialpollution comprehensive treating project of Xmangfanchemical industry is Han Riverand one class terrace. The terrain is plainand smooth. Theupper part is sand gravel layer.There are manyrare and preciousanimals in the evaluated area In the proposedlandfill site and the zoneof impact,there is little naturalplantation. There aresome pine tee on hilland agricultural plantation on slop. There is no wildanimal, rare or in imminentdanger animal. There is no natureprotective district either. 3-35 3.2.2 Aquifer Ecosystem 3.2.2.1 Yangze River a. Plant plankton There are 16 geniusesplant plankton.which includes 12 geniuses diatom, 1 genus euglena,I genusgreen algae, I genuscyanophyceae and I genus cryptalgae.The livingdensity is 105 pieces/cm2. Mologira,Cyclotele. Syredra, Pinnslazia and cryptomonesEhr enjoy high quantityand appearing frequency. Considered from communitystructure of plant plankton,it is typicalfluvial water body community.The composition of categoriesand dominantspecies are basicallyin accordance with that ofthe Han River,but its quantityis higheris that of Han River and in accordancewith that of ShonghuajiangRiver. b. Attachedoperculum Qualitative method is adopted. Known from the condition of collected attached operculum,the communitystructure takes diatom as principal.It can be said that it is the preventativespecies of attachedoperculum of YangtzRiver. In the collected1 I geniusesdiatom, Medlosira,Cyclotelle, Coscyinodiscus, Symnidra, Gomphonera Nouicule and Accnnanthesenjoy highquantity and appearingfrequency. Besides diatom, I genus cryptalgaewas collected.The above mentionedcommunity structure is in accordancewith attached operculumof Wuhan sectionof the HanRiver. c. Zooplankton Approximately25 geniuseszooplankton including I I geniusesProtozoa, 4 geniuses Rotalia,4 geniusesCaladocera were collected in Wuhansection of YangtzeRiver. The living densityis 103pieces/l, in which,Protozoa take 90%/o. No pollutantreisting plant planktonor zooplanktonhad beenfound. And bottom-living animaldidn't show any pollution. Wet livingplants such as reed artemisiaexcept some live in beach,other kindsof water livingplants are difficultto be seen.Usually these placesare also the livingplace of intermediate host of bloodfluke. For example,they had been foundat the edge of river betweenYujiatou to WufenZha. Wuhan section of the river is the most rich section in fish resource. The fish of Dongtinghulake and the Han Riveralso distributed in Wuhan Sectionof the YangtzeRiver. The major fishes are black carp, grass carp, silver carp, bream, species of Chinese paddle and Dolphine. Knownfrom the abovementioned investigation the aquifer ecosystemof Wuhansection of YangtzRiver is in good condition.The bottom-living of Ezhou sectionof YangtzRiver take fresh water musseland clamas principal.The visibleplankton in edge area of river mainlyare algae,Rotalia and Crustoidea_Free-swimming living mainly is fishand frog. Mainaquatic plant is lotus.The main fishspecies living in this water area is blunt-snoutbream, silver carp. The quantity of plant planktonand zooplanktonis very smallin Huangshisection of YangtzRiver. In this section,no water preciousstock in imminentdanger has been caught.The sectionfrom Huangshi to Wuxueis one ofthe spawninggrounds the fish of Efour fhmilies". 3-36 3.2.2.2 Han River The HanRiver is aboundin aquiferresource and also an importancefish procuringarea. Han River is richin plant plankton,zooplankton and bottom-living. The plant planktonin Xiangfansection of the Han River are 81 genius algae such as Cyclotelle,Synedra with green algae as dominantcolony which is 46.9% of the sampledquantity. Thesecondary is diatomwhich is 28%ofthe whole.14 genusesProtozoa, 23 genusesRotalia and 12 genuseshave beenfound aquatic vascular plants are insufficient. Xiangfansection is richin fish resource.The carp species is the most completedin the section.Until now, 73 speciesfish havebeen found (there are 75 species of fish in Han River). The principaleconomic fish are: 21 speciesof grass carp, capper fish, Changchunbream, carp, silvercarp. The preciousspecies are eel etc. The nationalprotective fish such as, Chinesepaddle fish, YangtzRiver paddlefish haven't been found in this section. The characteristicsof zooplanktoncolony status and backgroundin Wuhansection of HanjiangRiver. (1) Little quantity, the flow of HanjiangRiver in Wuhan section is rapid and deep, commonly,is not suitablefor ordinary Zooplankton to liveand increase.The specieshaving weak swimmingability and floatingfreely disappeared with flow at the same time the water qualityof Wuhansection and little quantityof zoopplanktonshould be taken accountto little quantityof plankton. (2) The speciesand quantityof zooplanktonin spring are higher than those in winter absolutely.Possibly, it is becauseof highflow rate and water levelin Sep. (3) Attachedpodium is difficultto get. On contrarysome attached speciescan be found in sample.This showsflow rate is an importantfactor in aquiferecosystem. (4). Attachedalgae The attachedalgae of Wuhansection of HanjiangRiver takes diatomas its preventative species. 13 genuses had been found in three times sampling,in which, Melosira, Symedga, CympellaGomphinema and Achnathesare dominantand seen frequently.The other speciesos attachalgae are hardlyseen. In September,1989, 2 genusesCyanophyta with little quantitywas found in Landian. 3-2.2.3 MainLakes in WuhanCity 1. EastLake Precipitationreceiving area of East Lake is 119.0 km2 . Normallywater level is 17.7m (elevation of Wushong),the surfacearea of the lake is 30.75 klm2 and responsivecapacity is 7.35xlO7r3. Annualprecipitation is 1150-1190mm,evaporation is 1148mmand sun shining 1950-2050h/a. Annual solar radiation is 443.8-460.5Kj/km 2 and annual averagetemperature is 16.4 "C. 3-37 Lake basin consequent water depth is 2.21 m and Hydraulic retention time is 0.44 year. Waterrenewing rate is 2.27. It belongsto polymicrobiclake. Thereis no temperaturejumping layerand the lowerlayer are almostthe samein the wholeyear. Only under the conditionof being in spring or summer and without wind a small temperature difference between 0.6-1.8 can be measured. Annual average water temp. is 18.6. The water surface is not frizzed in winter. The bottom of lake takes heavystick and saprophyteas principle.61% of the bottom is of that kindof materials. It enjoysmore than 30 years historyin monitoringthe plant planktonof East Lake. In the 30 years,the composition and the quantity of dominant species has been changed. From the middle of the 80s, the quantity of Microcytic flosaquae and Anabaena has decreased obviously,the approvingfrequency of Cryptomonas and chroomonas increased to 80%-90% with their quantitiesincreased to 32-2889 prices/mrn.Before 70s, Oscillatory,Raphidiopsis had not been found. Fromthe 80s it increasedyear by year and became a dominant colony. From 1980 to 1986, annual averagequantity of algae is 2000-8000 pieces/ml, in which only the quantity of Cyclotella was up to 5613 pieces/ml. Duringthe past the 30 years,-thenumber of family and genus has been decreased by a lot. Some are hard to be found, e.g. Chnysophyta & Xanthophyta, while some increased again e.g. Chlorphyta & Cyanophyta (Table 3.2.2 - I) The ecology survey shows, since the 80s, Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta became the dominant.The quantity of plant plankton was 25000 piece in the 80s and increased to the grade of lOxIo, piece in the recent years. The main speciesis changing to water Aphanzomenan in East Lake in summer and fa6lis Microcystis flos-aquae. Maeruginosa, Anabaena spiroides-flos-aquae, Oscillatoria limos and Melosira ganulate. At the beginnin.gof 60's, there were 83 kinds of aquatic plants which belongs to 53 genus and 29 fiamilies.But known from the investigation of plant distribution in East lake, except two aquatic plants, all the quantity and distnrbution area decreased obviously. Some of them had disappeared. Accordingto the investigationof I station and II station firom 1979-1985, the species of zooplanktonhad decreasedto 183, in which protozoa was 89, Rotalia was 57 and Cladocera was 27. Total number for zooplankton is 3223 0 pieces/ml. The monitoringresult shows the distribution of chlorophyll- in the Lake a is uneven. The max. value of chlorophyll-aoccurred at the places of discharging outlet of two pollution source. The content of clorophy was up to 78.4 mg/m3 and 80.2mg/m3 respectively. The min. value of chlorophylla happened at the places with little population livingaround. The aquatic finning area of East Lake fish fann is 30km2 . Silver carp is the main fish for frming. And part of fish is carps and carp. The annual production is almost 000t . It is one of the fish products base for Wuhan city. Nutrition index metnod is adopted for the evaluation of East Lake, the statistics and evaluation of TSI show the East Lake is experiencing heavy Eutrophication. 3-38 Table3.2.2-1 Nutrientindex monitoring and statisticsfor East Lake (XingzhengLake) Item ShuiguoLake Wuda(1) Momountain Wuda(2) Transparency 0.48m 0.78m 0.78m 0.94m TP 466 p4/ 106 g/A 106 ug/l 35 ggl_ COD,. 7.7 mg/I 5.6 mg/l 5.6 mg/l 3.6 mg/I BOD, 10.2mg/I 5.9mg/I 5.9 mg/I 1.8mg/i KN 2.36mgll 1.49mg/I 1.49mg/I 0,78mg/I Chlorophyll 103.02mg/rn 57.78mg/rm 25.16mg/rn 28.65mg/rne Z TSI 402.1 350.3 1 329.4 298 2. Muoshui lake MoushuiLake, located m the southwest of Hnyang District of Wuhan city is a small type swallow water lake in the East lake series. The precipitation area is 21.9km2 when consequent water level is 19.5m, the surface area is 3.35kn2. It is controlled in subtropical season wind weather and enjoys sufficient sun shiningand abound precipitation. 90% of the area aroundthe lake is urban area, where there no natual planation. The water appears brownish green or black green. An investigation and analysis of species, quantity, biomass, production force and chlorophyllas well as total numberofbacteium, water plant has been carried out and listed in the Table 3.2.2-2. Table 3.2.2 - 2 Investigation of aquatic organism in Moshui Lake (1987.6-1988.7) [ten Sampling point ______ ______I______4 5 Average Dominantspecics No.(I 0'pcdL) 6859.3 10831.1 12082.5 9924.3 No.of organism 157.92 169.68 225.13 184.24 Chlorophyll 89.0 170.3 211.7 157.0 Primarvproductvitv (gknz.d) 0.48 2.98 4.37 2.51 Breathingvolume (gWA 2.d) 0.29 D.68 1.01 0.66 Net productiveforce(gW.d) 0.19 2.30 3.36 1.95 Ni. of bacteria(103 pc/m.d) 409.9 1083 43.3 187.2 Aquaticorganism 3.B5 0.56 3-39 Thelake is usedfor fishFiarm taking silver carp, crucian asprinciple. The annualproduction is 7.5x104kg. Summerand fall is the time of planktonalgae propagation.In winter and spring, the proportionof diatomincreases by a smalldegree. The transparencyis only0.16m. The total numberof bacteriumis morehigher. 3. NanhuLake Thestatistics of monitoringresults and the valuesof TSP showthe Lake is experiencing (See Table 3.2.2 - 3). Table3.2.2 - 3 Nutrientsituation of Nan Lake point TSI SD IP KN CODm,, BOD3 Z Type I 0.53m 137wg4 2.32mgtl 5.6mg/l 3.8mg/1 293 Medium/ 62.74 59.68 51.77 61.43 57.18 eutophic It 0.52m 151ug/1 2.27mg/ 5.7 myA 3.4 mg& 293 ______a 63.13 61.08 51.53 61.63 55.96 4. Cihu Lake TheTable 3.2.2 - 4 showsthe nutrientsituation of the CihuLake with monitoringresults. at 14 samplingpoints. As shownin the Table3.2.2 - 4, CihuLake is serouspolluted with N and P. the Lake is experiencingeutrophicatiom 3-40 Table3 .2.2 - 4 Statistics of water quality average value in Cihu Lake (mg/L) Indcx COD BOD,| T-N T.P SD (m) Chlorophvll-a(mgWr 3) Samplingpoint 1 4.8 3.91 4.46 0.12 0.55 8.4 2 4.1 3.19 3.68 0.075 0.63 8.96 3 3.71 3.04 2.88 0.070 0.73 9.92 4 3.79 3.14 2.21 0.070 *0.67 9.92 5 4.81 3.01 2.28 0.066 0.70 11.68 6 3.76 3.71 2.21 0.079 0.78 12.12 7 4.08 3.5 2.18 0.071 0.75 12.18 8 3.63 3.58 2.32 0.113 0.47 10.62 9 3.62 3.57 1.07 0.061 0.77 11.42 t0 3.49 3.48 1.12 0.060 0.80 12.63 11 3.84 3.6 1.26 0.071 -0.76 14.61 12 3.67 3.04 1.23 0.075 0.73 11.63 13 4.07 4.05 2.40 0.146 0.39 13.36 14 3.78 3.29 1.64 0.112 0.47 14.30 3.3 Social Environment 3.3.1 Population The urban population of Hubei province, 4.5 % of the total urban population of the country, is 3276.5 thousand.The populationofthe proposal cities taldng 52.6% of the total urban population of Hubei province, is 171.98 thousand with a density of 868 persons/kin2 which is more than 2 times ofthe urban densityofHunan province. The population and population density ofthe six proposal cities show in thetable 3.3.1-1. Table 3.3.1-1 Population and Population Density List of the proposal cities in 1991 Itemn unit Hubei Wuhian Huangs Yichang Xiangfan Ezh1ioi Jingmnn Subtotal 1_____ province hi 1___ __s Populatom 0 thousand 3267.36 677.03 133.10 46.35 663.4 93.07 105.02 1717.98 Va 100 20.7 4.1 1.4 20.3 2.9 3.2 52.6 Urban KM 64002 1627 179 330.363.15 4412 8414 area .04_ .______% _ 100.0 2.6 0.2 0.5 0.6 2.3 6.9 13.1 Urban 868 402 2331 2921 1497 619 238 populationpersnslM 2 densi _ Note: Quoted firom'China City Statistics Almanac' 1992 Published by China Statistic Publishing House. Urban population of Wuhan city was 6.77 millions with a density of 800 pensionstkrkm In 1991, the population ofHuangshi city is 1.33 milions,-andthe urban population is 522.9 3-41 thousand, with population density of 2921 persons/lk2 . (See Table 3.3.1-2). Table'3.3.1-2 PopulationGrowthTableofHuangshicity Unit: 10thousand Year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Population 495.3 505.3 513.9 522.9 530.8 570.0 Grovthrate % - 2.1 1.7 1 75 1.51 7.38 In 1991, the populationof Yichangcity was 463,5 thousand with a density of 1405 persons/km. In 1991,the populationof Xiangfancity was 6.634 millionswith a populationdensity of 248 personslknti.In which,the urbanpopulation is 543.5thousand with density 1497 persons/k 2 (See Table3-3.1-3). Table3.3.1-3 PopulationGrowth List of Xlangfincity _ Year Unit 1985 1 9866 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 Item Populatianm teia 4212 4415 4607 4785 5060 5247 5434 5666 ______thousand Annual 0 % 483 43.4 385 57.6 36.8 35.s 42.5 growthrae _ __ __ Naunal persn 2906 3489 4505 4669 5660 3200 3900 3500 population growth Nata.3 % U3 9.3 9.8 ILLS 6.10 7.18 6.189 _ p-ti rate Meclnical person 16326 14140 12240 14300 14900 16900 14000 population growth Mechanical% 38.9 30.7 26.82-7 28.4 31.1 24.7 1owthme I _ I I I In 1991,urban population of Ezhoucity was 930.7thousand andthe populationdensity was 619 persons&n2 . In 1991,both the populationand urbanpopulation of 1ingmencity was 1050.2 thousand and the population density was 238 persons/km2. 3-42 3.3.2 Economic Perspective In 1991.the GNP ofHubei province.taking 4.3% of the national GNP, was 85847 million Yuan. The industrialproduction, 4.0"/a of the national industrial production. was 113603 million i'uan. The GNP of the "Six Cities"taking 63% of the GNP of all the cities in the whole province, was 32710 million Yuan. The revenue of the 'Six Cities" was 31340 million Yuan and 61,8 percentof the cities' revenue of the whole province. The gross industrial production was 62978 millionYuan and 66.0 % of the gross industrialproduction of the whole province. The average GNP per person of 497 cities all over the country was 2177 Yuan. Except for Xiangfan and Ezhou, the figures of the 'Six Cities" were all higher than the average value. And the figure of Yichang got to 4230 Yuan/person, which means that it is one of the best among the same kind of cities.The economicdevelopment ofthe "SixCities" affects Hubei Province in a higher degree. For the comprehensive index of the "Six Cities", refer to the Table 3.3.2-1. Wuhanl the capital of Hubei province and a famous historical and cultural city of China, is an important transportation hub in air, overland and waterway, a communication center and connmecialport. With the extensionof explorationand increasingof national economic benefit, Wuhan is experiencing to develop to a center of industries, commerce, trading, finance, communication,science and technologyand information in the Middle of China even all over the country. In 1991,the gross industrialproduction of Wuhan city was 34000 rmillionYuan and 36.0 percentofthe total urban industrialproduction of 3Ocities of the whole province. The production in home was 18600 million Yuan and 31.5 of that of the whole province. Its econornic development plays an important role in the province. Huangshi.the second biggestcity, lying on the miiddleand downstream of Yangtz River, is a newly developed industrialcity. The city is composed of four districts and a county (Dayie county, Huangshigang district, Shihuiyaodistrict, Xialu district and Tieshan district) with total area of 185 knm. In August, 1950 Huangshi became a city administrated by province, and approved to be an open city by State Council in Febnuary 1993. After more 40 years' construction, Huangshi has prelnimnaly sei up a completed industrial system having industries of metallurgy,construction material, machinery, electricity, chemicals, textile, coal, light industry and electronics. With the rising and developing of the third industry, Huangshi became an importantdistributing center in the addition area of Anhui province, Jiangxi province and Hubei province. Huangshi is changing from a industrialand mining city to a new type industrial and commercial city. At present, Huangshi stands in the front of China modern industries. Yichang, a province-governed city, lying in the west of the province and by the Xlling Mouth of the Great Three Gorges of the Yangtz River, is an important port city on the demarcation line of the rniddle stream and doLmstreainof the Yangtz River. Since the combinationof prefectureand city, Yichang city is governing seven counties of Yichang,Zhijiang, Yuan, XhrL Zigui Changyang and Wufeng, two county classifiedcities of Zhicheng and Dangyang, three districts of Xig, Wujia and Dianjun and two economic and technical developing zone of Dongshan and Huting. The river is passing through the city. And the area of the urban area is 330km2 . 3-43 As an important indusIiHi base of Hubei province. Yichang has 20b enterprises-owned h\ ,hiecitv The industrv of the cirv takes chemicals. textile. metalluruv.construction material. electricitv.paper making and light industrv as its principal part Xianttfan.a national fainioushistorcal and culturalcitv with more than 2800 vears history. an :nportant comnmunicationhub. is a newivdeveloping industrial citYand a local center. Its area is ..2h 26 kii. In 1993. the urban GNP was 3040 million Yuan,and industrial production was o70l) millionY'uan, The urban constructed area is 39 4 km' The urban area is divided into two parts bv HanjiangRiver. XiangTown and Fan Town are combinedto be Xiangfan. The south part is called XiangTown with an area of 15 km>.The north part is called Fan Town. At present, Xianafan city is an economic and trading center havine completed industrial system. It has a stronu industrial.foundation of machinery, automobile manufacture, electricity, construction material.chemical, textile, print. Ii"ghtindustry, paper making. medicine, and foodstuff, According to the urban econ,-mic developing tendency. the urban industrial production will put its main attention in the development of machinery, electronics, construction material, chemical, and medicine industry. i.nd keep the industries of textile. print., light industry. paper making and foodstuff at a certain ,elocitv. It shows cleariv that, with the developing of urban modernization and the proportion of the secondindustrNi and the third industry in the gross national production becoming bigger and biuler. the industrialfoundation of Xiangfingets developed very well and the third industrv such as publicservice is developingquicklv. which providesa very goodservice for the modernization Xianufancitv. It can be expected that wviththe economic development. the third industrv will developrapid and rapid. and its proportion to the grossproduction will become bigger and biauer Ezhou. makes a rapid development in industrv and agriculture. Now there are 13 big industrialbranches takinaz the business of metallurgy, construction material, foodstuff and textile as main body. And there are 54 kindsof products as main products consisting of raw steel, steel, raw iron, iron minestrone, coke, raw coal, cement, shoes, ship, bather, wire, motor, beer and textile. The industrial production is concentrated in the 20 km- center area of the city. The agriculturalproducts are mainlyrice. cotton and oil Ezhou is also used to be an aquatic base. The larve water area from Lianakou to Fankou is verv famous in home and abroad for beingt hometowvnof Wluchanufish. Jingmen. an important communication hub of Hubei province. with No.207 national highway passing through, is developed in water transportation and overland communication. In addition. Han River passing by Jingmen is an ideal inland waterway. From the beginning of the seventies, some large-scaled and medium sized enterprise such as JingmenOil Refining Plant, JingmenCoal-burning Power Plant. No.;30 CementPlant have been built successively in Jingmen citv. Now an industrial structure taken petroleum refininz as principal business and supported with six big industries of electricity, chemical, construction material, machinerv. foodstuff and textile has already been formed. 3.3.3 Basic Municipal Facility and Utility The basic facilityand utilityof the Six Proposal Citiesare at a significant developing level. 344 Currently,Wuhan city is better.In addition,water supplypopularization rate of Yichangis up to 100%;the utilizationrate of naturegas in Jingmenis up to 82.4% and the rate of wastewater treatmentin Huangshicity gets to 19.6%;these indexesare the higherone amongthe cities all over the country. In Huangshicity, since 1992, the area of newly built urban streets is 59.1 thousandm', the area of greenland is 10.9krnm the annualwater consumptionis 481 milliontons and 24400telephones have been equipped and joined into the networkof civillong-distance call. 3-45 Table 3.3.3-1 Municipal Foundation Facilities and Public Engineering Index in Proposal Cities (1993) Item Unit Ilubei Wuhan Huangshi Yichang Xiangfan Ezhou JinTnen province Watersupply Y 92.2 97.8 98.8 100 97.9 90 94.9 Publictransportation 1/104person 6.1 8.8 9.2 3.9 5.6 3.7 4.4 Gassupply OA 52.6 51.3 67.6 61 54 69.9 82.4 Road mOtperson 6.2 3.6 3.6 5.7 4.6 4 8.9 Comprehensive Sewagepipes km=an1 3.7 6.2 3.1 7 2.6 2.8 1.6 index Wastewater treatment ff 14.1 21.9 19.6 .. 2.9 -- -- Vegetationarea km' 3.9 2.4 4.2 4.2 6.8 8 4.2 Nightsoilsoundness % 33.1 56 35 61.3 15.2 69.4 100 Municipalfacility Roadlength kmn5596 1278 173 148 169 77 244 Sewagepipc lenglh kIm 3921 1311 120 211 103 62 145 Wastewaterload 165153 55079 18077 12494 16531 7022 5347 Sanitaly Sweepingarea 4501 1845 264 211 277 144 195 Municipalsolid waste 483 155 19 15 20 15 6 collection Transferof nightsoil 207 38 1 1 1 3 facilities 28 1 2 1 2 2 1 3-46 3.3.4 Waste Loads Control in Six Proposal Cities in 1991,the dischargedwaste water,dusts and solidwastes from the six proposalcities took73.6%,72.% and 82.5%respectively of waste loadsdischarged in the province.The treated industialwaste water amountwas 81.8%of the wholeprovince's quantity. The recovereddust was82.5% of the totalquantity of the wholeprovince. The treated and utilized quantityof solid wasteswas 75.5%. Andthe treatedquantity of waste gas was 80.7%o. 3.4 Quality of livingc 3.4.1 General Situation of Resident's Living Standard In 1993,the annualper capitaincome of residentsin Hubeiurban area was 2453 Yuan, only783 Yuanfor farmer.They weregreater 1.3 timesand 1.2times respectivelythan in 1992. Therate of owningbicycles of 30.87/ 100 was reported in 1993,greater 1.1 timesthan in 1992. Forresidents in urban area, per capitamoney deposit in bankwas 846.4Yuan in 1993,greater 1.3times than in 1992. Averageannual consumptive expenses of one fimilymember in Hubei urban area in 1993 were 2097.6Yuan. A sum of 941.50 Yuanwas spent for foods,followed by 356.30 Yuan for clothes,226.20 Yuan for educationand entertainment.( Table 3.4.1-1) Generallyspeaking, highest-income-familyspent 2-7 timesmoney for each consumptiveitem than lowest-income- fily. Consumptivelevel of non-fiamerin urban and peri-urbanareas was remarkablehigher thanthe leveloffiamer, in the caseof Wuhanto be 3.1 times.General , the differencewas around two timesin other cities, as data presentedin Table 3.4.1-2indicate. Table3.4.1-1 Annual ConsumptiveExpensesperFamily in Hubeiurban area in 1993 Rtem Averageconsumptiveepemes Conmptive lever of highestincome Yuan % mfilyvs lowest one Totalconsumptive expeses 2097.6 100 2.8 Foods 941.50 44.89 1.9 clothcs 356.30 16.99 3.6 Basiccmmodities & service 200.20 9.55 _ 7.3 Medicalcare 53.70 2.65 2.4 Travel& communication 49.40 2.36 29 Education& entertainment 226.20 10.78 3.1 Houing 178.50 8.51 3.0 Other 91.80 4.38 3.5 3-47 Table3.4.1-2 ConsumptiveLevel of DifferentUrban Areas and Per Capita Living-area District Resident's Non-fanner's Farmees Per capita living- consumptive consumpive consumptive area(mI) expenss (Yuan) expenses (Yuan) expenses (Yuan) Wholcprovince 1074 2073 767 8.1 Wuhan 2042 2915 926 G.J HuangShi 1522 2107 1067 7.1 Yichang 1307 2400 974 8.0 Xiangfan 1177 2118 917 6.4 Ezhou 1380 2378 1045 8.6 Jingnen 1474 2249 1243 8.3 3.4.2 PublicHealth 3.4.2.1 Birth and Mortality Accordingto 1992-surveyconducted by Hubei Statistic Bureau, reported in Hubei provincea birthrate of 19.05%/o, a mortalityrate of 6.87 % and a naturalincrease rate of 12.81 % . Thebirth rate dropped1.65 11000 than last year, so that the tend of populationincrease has been controlledefFectively. There were 1,066,500new-born infants in the whole provincein 1992,less 84,600than last year. The situationsof womengiving birth to a child many times rarely happennow. In 1992,mortality rates of 5.27 %, 6.09 % and 7.31 % were reported respectivelyin city,at town and at county. For infantmortality, Wuhan city reporteda rate of- 10.61 1000in 1993;Xlangfan reported an urbanrate of 15 / 1000and a nwalrate of 33 /1 000. The populationhandbook provided data which indicatedthat pneumonia,birth asphy2iaand premtuity were the three commonestcauses of death. Top one of ten causes of death was serious diarrhoeaat villages.Adult mortalityrate of 6.5 / 1000 was reported in Wuhancity in 1992.Main causes of deathwere heart disease,cancer, respiratory disease and accidents.The commonestsites of cancerreported were lung, liver and stomach,with breast and cervicalcancer commonin women. 3.4.2.2 Nutritionin Children Childrenhave a good urnion. However,the childNutrition Study does indicatethat 27- 28 percentof childrenunder age 5 yearsare below3 percentofthe WHOstandard height for age. Thesechildren have appropriate weight for height.The studyalso founda smallnumber ( 9% ) of malnourishedchildren based on mid arm circuTferencebelow 12.5 cm in the 1-2 year age group. Recent researchhas suggestedthat nutritionin the first 2 years of life is importantin detemtin finaladult height and thatfrequent contact with infectiousagents duringthat period, even without overt infection,may alter metabolismto reduce use of nutritionalmaterials in growth. 348 3.4.2.3 InfectiousDisease The three commonestdiseases ( HepatitisA, Bacterialdiarrhoea and Typhoidfever) amongtop ten infectiousdiseases in Hubeiprovince are directlyrelated to water and sanitation, and other diseasessuch as malaria and viral,encephalitisB are also indirectlyrelated. The incidenceof diseasesis presentedin Table3.4.2 -1. Table3.4.2-1 InfectiousDiseases in HubeiProvince ( 1993) InfecttousDisease Rate/ I100,000/year 1.Acute hpattis (A & B) 124.34 2. Bacterialdiarrhoea 87.7 3. Typhoidfever 11.74 4. Measles 9.89 5. Malaria. 8.12 6. Ganorrhoca 6.18 7. Leptospirosis 3.98 8. Viralencephalitis B 3.32 9. ViralHaemrrhagia fever 3.13 10. whoopingcough 0.68 The estmated rates in Table 3.4.2-1 need to be interpretedwith care, as they are a combinationof urbanareas, with moreaccurate reporting, but low rates;rural areas, with much less reliablereporTimg, but higherrates. The incidenceof hepatitisA, bacterialdiarrhoea and typhoidfever in Huangshi,Wuhan and Xlangfanis presentedin Table3.4.2-2. Table3.4.2-2 Incidenceof HepatitisA, Bacterialdiarrhoea and Typhoidfever in Project Cities( 1993 ) (Rateper 100,000pop). City Population Hepatiis Bacterialdianrhoea Typhoidfever Huangsbi !,370.000 239.5 ( all) 303.3 33.1 Wuhan 3,850,000. 79.6 (A only) 269.2 5.8 Xiangfan 583,744 117.5(Aonly) 95.9 4.1 Yichang 3,920,000 80.9(Aonly) 87.4 5.9 Data from rural counties have been excluded in Wuhan and Xlangfnm,but included in Huangshi.The rate forbacterial diarrhoea is highconsidering in urban areas of Wuhan,Hangkou, Hangyangand Wuchang. But the rates for hepatitisA and typhoidfever are high consideringin nuralarea of Wuhan.(Table 3.4.2-3) 3-49 3.4.2.4 Hepatitis A Data from the Hubei Province Anti-Epidemic Station indicated that the children of migratory laborers, adult farmers and pupils make up the largest proportion of cases, Age distribution for Wuhan city indicates higher rates in children and a gradual fall to adult. It is commonest during heave rain season of the year. Hepatitis A can be transmitted readily from person to person. and even can survive for up to six months long. The data suggest that contaminationof food and water by the I [epatitis A virus is occuning particularly in pen-urban and rural areas. Table 3.4.2-3 The Incidence of Disease Related Water and Sacitation in Wuhan in 1993 (1 / 100,000) District Population |lepatilis A Bacterial Typhoid fever diarrhoea Hangkou 1,543.900 67.8 378.5 6.2 Hangyang 362.949 38.3 224.0 1.4 Wuchang 1.646.877 84.9 237.3 3.6 Urban aren 3,553.726 72.7 279.9 7.2 Rural ame 296.291 163.0 141.4 21.6 Whole citn 3.850.017 79.6 269.2 8.3 Table3.4.2-4 The lnci-denceof DiseasesRelated with Water and Sanitation in Huangshi in 1993 (I / 100,000) District Population Hepatitis an) Bacterial Typhoidfever diarrhoea Huangshi 151698 419.3 541.9 25.7 Shivao 172761 383.5 533.6 94.5 Xialu 146952 408.4 468.9 21.9 Tieshan 59377 529.4 783.6 21.2 Urban area 530788 432.4 565.8 48.0 county 822000 120.7 14A.I 24.2 3.4.2.5 Bacterial Diarrhoea Data from the Hubei Province Anti-Epidemic Station indicate that again children of nigratory laborers, adult fbmers and pupils make up the highest proportion of cases. Most cases occur among children aged 0-4 years, where rates in Wuhan city are 1.6 / 1000. Diarrhoea is commonest during the hot summer months ( May to October ). Pathogenic bacteriaare usuallytransmitted throughcontaminated food, by personal contact, even by flies and contaminated articles. 3-50 Highrates of bacterialdiarrhoea suggest poor food hygiene,and contaminationof food eitherby flies, dust or unwashedhands. 3.4.2.6 TyphoidFever Typhoidfever is transmittedthrough contaminated water. The bacteriaSalmonella tophi maysurvive up to 60 days in warmwater. Outbreakof typhoid fever suggest contaminationof drinkingwater by faeces.But Typhoidfever was uncommonin urban area. Conclusions: * Contaminatedwater and poor sanitationare significantfactors to cause infections, particularlybacterial diarrhoea, hepatitis A and typhoidfever. The incidenceof water and sanitationrelated infections is probablyhigher in rural and peri-ruralareas than in urban areas. 3.4.3 Culture and Recreation The six proposal cities have got good conditionin education with 48 colleges and universities,78.8%of the province.Wuhan municipalowns 35 colleges and universities.In addition,more than half of libraries,theaters, and hospitalsare concentratedin these six cities. Accordingto the statisticsmaterials from Huangshi Environmental sanitation Bureau, the recreationfaclity now are composedof 40 theaters,156 Kala OK amusingarenas, near 100 balls, 69 videocinema, 6 gardens,3 culturecenters and 42 sceneries.The variouskinds of recreation placesare all in good operation. The maingarbage disposing grounds are Fengshuaoburying ground with daily disposing capacityof 120tand HuangshiSteel Plnt disposingground with daily disposingcapacity of 150t. Fengshuaois siniticburning ground. And Huangshi Steel Plant disposingground is composing ground.There is a far distancebetween their disposing capacity and the requirementof garbage treatment. The mainroads of Xlangfn city are 47.5kunaltogether. The densityof arterynetwork is 1.5kmAlan2. There are 11 collegesand institutes,15 professionmiddle schools, I I cinemaand theatersas wellas 2 publiclibraries in the urbanarea. The culturalenterprise of Ezhoucity get a successivedevelopment. In 1993,there were 32 filmtheaters, I art showingteam, 1 culturecenter and 1 publiclibrary having book stock of 270273volumes, 1 museum,1 broadcastingstation whichserves 21 hours and 40 minutesper day and one TV station whichserves 35 hours per week. 3-51 4. Anticipated Impacts 4.1 General DescriptionImpact Environmentalimpacts of the projectare the effectson each resourceand valuefrom the project.The scope includes impacts on nature,ecological and social environment,and even living quality.The impactsmay cause by siteselection. potential accidents, bed design,activities during constructionperiod, and normalcondition. Generallyspealking, beneficial effects of HUEPare principle,and they have accumulatively beneficial,There are no great unrecoverableadverse accumulative effects as identification.By identifying,the followingguidelines are chosenin potentialimpacts: * Qualitativeanalysis for short-tcrmeffects caused by constructionactivities; * Comprehensivelyanalysis for both identifiedbeneficial and adverse effects; * A detailsassessment for all key issues. The anticipatedprinciple effects of the proposedproject are describedas folows. 4.1.1 Urban Wastewater Treatment Projects The proposedWastewater treatment comments for three cities provide for wastewater collectingsystems, treatment plants, disposal facilities and water supplementfor the existing receivingwater bodies(lakces)post wastewaterinterception. Water bodies relatedto the project and generalenvironmental situation in the city havebeen described in Chapterm. The principal beneficial effects in Wuhan, Huangshi and Xiangfan caused by the project are: , To improvewater qualityof exitingreceiving waterbody ( lakes such as East Lake, Moshui Lake and CihuLake, and tributariesof Xlangfan,and graduallyrestore their ecosystem. - To improvethe levelof municipalconstruction and enlarge the scope of municipal serviceof thesethree citiesthe effect on source of drnking water causedby wastewater discharge.And to improvescene of city and sanitarycondition. * To reducewaterborne infection and to improvepublic healthlevel. The principallong-term effects of the proposedproject is the adverseimpacts on receiving waterbodycaused by the effluentdischarge from treatment facilities. It has been predictedin the assessmentby usingmathematical model of water quality.The effects on the YangtzeRiver, the Han River and NanhuLake of Wuhanby wastewaterdischarge have been assessed. Potentialefftts of odor and noisedue to operationof wastewatertreatment plants and pumpstations have also beenassessed. The problemof sludge disposalhas been analyzed. The activitiesduring constructionof wastewatertreatment plants, pump stationsand drainge systemmay cause adverse effecting noise, ilust,mechanical tail gas and trafficjam, and soilerosion. But all of theseeffects are temporay. Thereis an integrated systemof construction managementin China Whiletakdng necessary measres, the adverseeffects on environmentand society during the period of construction can be reduced to minimum level. 4-1 In the process of EIA, alternativeor protective measureshave been consideredfor minimizingall adverseeffects. 4.12 Municipal Solid Waste ManagementProjects Theproject provides for transportation, transfer stations and sanitarylandfills of municipal solidwaste. Withthe project,sigrificant beneficial effects will show as follows. * To solvethe problemsof municipalsolid waste collectionand disposalby construction of standardsanitary landfill in four cities; * To reduceenvironmental pollution and adverseeffects on socialenvironment caused by solidwaste dischargingand landoccupied; * To improve appearanceof the cities and to raise managementlevel of Municipal EnvironmentalSanitary Bureaus; * To reduceoppormniies of beingcontagious by diseasescaused by solidwaste disposal, and to improveresident's living quality and healthlevel. Potential adverse effects of the proposed project have been analyzedand predicted comprehensivelyin the processof assessment,especialy for problemscaused by sanitazylandfill, suchas effecton groundwaterby infiltration,effect on surroundedenvironment by gas emission, etc.The problems on odor, noiseand leachatedue to solidwaste collectingand trmsferringare also evaluated. Specialattention has also beenpaid to environmentalimpacts from constructionactivities of tansfer stationsand sanitarylandfill. Generallyspeaking, by employ sanitarylandfill method, perfect gas leading system, wasewae leadingsystem and leachatetreatment facilities with reasonablegeographical and geobydrologicalcondtons of the landfillsite, the adverseeffects of the santary landfillhave already be minimized Monitoringplans for each itemare also proposed. 4.1.3 Industrial Pollution Control (IPC) Projects The project providesfor end-pipetreatment and clean-processproduction of six state omened enterprises. Beneficialeffects from proposed IPC project is principal, including improvementof air and water environmentof cities,and contributiontosocial environment and livingquality. Overall assessments are made for pollutior controlof Ezhou Ion & Steel,Hubei PhamaceutcalPlant, XiangfknChemical Plant and Erxi ChemicalPlant, and the relocationand up-gradeof JungmenCement Plant and YichangCenent Plant. The principaleffects are analyzed accordingto the characteristicsof the specialEPC projects. - Theadverse effects from the IPC projectfor Ezhou Iron & SteeLHubei Pharmaceutical Plant,Xangfan Chemical Plant and Exi ChemicalPlant are limitedin constructionphase. The majoradverse impacts during the operationof the wastewatertreatment facilities inchldenoise, odor and sludge disposal.All the adverseeffects are analyzedseparately. Mitigationmeasures are also proposed. 4-2 * For relocationand up-gradeof JingmenC6nent Plant and YichangCement Plant, the significantbeneficial effects are the abatementof the air pollutioncaused by the two enterprisesfor a longtime, in the UrbanCenter area risksto the publichealth. - Theadverse impacts by the JingmenCement Plant and YichangCement Plant planned on the proposedsites, such as dust emissionsare anticipatedand assessedby usingthe mathematicalmodels. Comparedwith existingimpacts causedby the plants, adverse impactson the proposedlsites would be much smallerthan that of the currentsites. 42 Impacts on Water Quality 42.1 Urban WastewaterTreatment Projects Urban wastewatertreatment projects may affect both current receivingand proposed receivingwater bodies. In the caseof Wuhanand Huangshicities, impactson current receivingwater system will be indicatedimprovement of water quality of the closed waters like the East Lake, the MoshuiLake, the NantaiziLake and the Cihu Lake, as well as the downtownsection of the Fu Riverand the section of the Han Riverat Wuhan. In the case of XiangfanCity, it will be indicated in the improvementof the water quality of the tributaries such as the Xiaoqing Stream. Effluent from the wastewatertreatment plants will be dischargedinto tree types of receivingwaters: - Large rivers (e-g. the Yangtzeand the Han Rivers); - Urban lakes; * Opencanals or small and mediumsized rivers inside the cities; The permit discharge loads depend on the environmentalcapacity of the receiving water. Accordingto the feasibilitystudy of the wastewatertreatment projects, all intercepted wastewaterwill be treated by the wastewatertreatment ficilities, prior to discharge to the YangmeRiverand the Han Riversor urbanlakes such as the Nan Lake in Wuhan. Namesand scales of the proposedwastewater treatment plants and outfall locationsare shown in Table 4.2.1-1. Both the Yangtzeand the Han River have high self-purificationcapacity, yet its utilization is related to the mannerof effluent discharge. Simple near shore dischargesare appliedfor all the designedwastewater tament projects. This will very likely create an evident pollution belt by the river bank. Since water supplysystems usually have their intakesby the edge of a river, the attentionto the negative effects of the drainageon the near shorebody of water should be pay. The position of a drainage outlet vis-a-vis a municipal potable water source is an important factor. It is requiredby 'Regulationsfor the PollutionControl of Potable Water Sources', that two grades protectionzones are to be establishedin municipalpotable water 4-3 sourceregions, and it is prohibitedto placenew drainage outlets withinsuch protectionzones. In this section,The adverse effects of effluentsdischarged from wastewatertreatment plantsto the proposedreceiving water bodies such as the YangmeRiver and the Han River will be discussed,and the possidveeffects of wastewaterinterception to the current receivingwater bodies will also be mentioned. Table 4-2.1-1 GrobalParameter of WastewaterTReatment Plants Mainpolhlula load (cgld) Nameof Capadty Outet Receiving Dicgarged Pl 4mold) vaterv(10 (1ume Ssd) COD BOD 5.0 LUojiaupg Right 21.00 2000 2,000.00 Pbay bank of Treanine PI= Yangtze T______.___ River _ ___. Erlangmiao 16.00 18880 23,680.00 Longwangz1i 13.72 Logwang-zui Nan Lake 13.72 16601 20,580.00 West 40.00 Fu River Fu River 40.00 58800 65,200.00 Hankou Pre- Hmnyag 10.00 Namminbu ~~Baiabaixbe t k PNeauuem of 10.00 14200 15,400.00 fPjjy ______.Y ;a c. . Huangshi 10.00 Sbengyangga Right 10.00 40630 25,563.00 Chenjiawan zg bank of reteazmeuz Yangz Xiangiin 52.44 Southof Han River 52.40 109860 81.250.00 Yoiangzhu Pre-reuziemz iaiigzliou Plant ______ 4.2.1.1 ReducedWaste Load for ReceivingWater Bodies The primaryenvironmental effect of Urban WastewaterTreaunent Projects is the improvementof aquifer ecosystemsof Urban lakes and small rivers by interceptionof wastewatercurrently discharged. Analysis on improvementof urban lake envirommentwill be madein section4.6. 44 4.2.1.2 Impactson Water Qualityof the YangtzeRiver. 1. Water Quality MathematicalModel Effluent from the wastewatertreatnent facilitiesin Wuhan and Huangshi will be dischargedto the YangtzeRiver via existingcanals. Consideringthe possible effects to the water body and as well as the irregularity of natural river courses. A transverse two- dimensionalmathematical mcdel is employed.The fundamentalequation is as follow: aC = a-(Me a )KIU ax WI~ oq. in which: c -concentration q, - cumulative flow coordinate x -ordinate c - transverse mixed parameter (M,=h 2uMK) h - localdepth of water ui - local current velocity -cross diffusivity, M,,= ahu* - non-dimensional cross dispersion u*- frictionalvelocity h -average depth J - coefficient of degradation 0 - average velocity Concentrationdf pollutantin tie horizonalof riversis to be evaluatedthrough solution of finite differencemethod. 2. WastewaterDisposal in Wuhan Effluents from dtree treatmentfacilities will dischargeto the YangtzeRiver via two outfallsbelow: Luojialuoutfall: is located down stream of 300m to the existingoutfall at the right bank, dischargesthe effluentsfrom Shahu Primary treatmentplant and Erlangmiaoprimary treatment plant; Nanmizihuoutfall: is locatd at the northof Baishazhouisland, down stream of 2.4 km to the water supplyintake of the HanyangPaper Mill, dischargesthe effluentfrom Namaizuihu Pre-treannentfacility. Approximatedown stream of 1.6 km to Luojialuoutfall, there is an industial water 4-5 intake of the Qingshan Sulfuric Acid Plant with a capacity of 7200-9600 tonsr per day. Downstream of 7 km to the outfall. there is a municipat water intake, supplying water for industrialand domestic use of the Wuhan iron and steel plant and the population of Qingshan District. a. Conditios for Water Quality Prediction (1) Designed Water Flow The 10-year return period minimum monthly flow is adopted for low water condition, and the average annual flow is adopted for average flow conditions. (2). Water Quality of Upstream BODs upstream flow includes the river's natural background and the contribution value of effluents upstream of the proposed outfall which determined by means of a two- dimensional mathematical model. Show in Table 4.2.1-2. Table 4.2.1-2 The Concentration of BOD5 Upstream the Outfall (unit:mg/L) Average season Dry season Name of Outlits back- by upsrem Total bkgod by upstream Total ground efluemns effluents Luojialu 1-38 0.30 1.68 1.32 0.50 1.82 Nanaizi lake 1.38 0.18 I.56 132 0.57 1.89 (3). ProposedWastewater Loads Luojialu Outfall: BODQload is 34gls at dte present time and 257g1swith project. Nantaizihu outfall: BODs loads is 178g/s with project. (4). Transverse dispersion coefficient Existing results of field research on transverse dispersion are employed. Non- dimensional transverse dispersion coefficients (a) are selected as below: - downstream Luojialu outfall: average flow period: a =0.73 low flow period: cc=0.93 - down stream Nantaizi Lake outfall average flow period: a= 17 low flow period: a = 1.05 - The degradation of BOD5 is neglected in the water quality calculation. b. Impact on Water quality downstream of Luojialu outfall 4-6 Fig. 4.2.1-1 showsthe predictedpollution belt of BODslow flow period for proposed wastewaterload. Table 4.2.1-3 provides for the statisticsof BOD5 in which the water quality exceedeclass Ill standardof GB3838-86. Table 4.2.1-4 shows the statistics of densityoff- bank. Table 4.2.1-3 PredictedPollution Belt DownstreamLuojialu Outfall (waterquality exceedes class-lI ) Season length maxwidth (b) (m) blB %) polluntionama (a) a/A (%) avefna 4.40 15.00 0.60 56500 1.10 flow lowflow 5.00 30.00 4.30 87750 2.70 not: B-River width A-Surfaccarea of the River Table 4.2.14 Predicted BOD5 Concentration Off-Bank Downstream Outfall disancefor BOD,excess 4mgtI (km) disane for DOD,diling to project condon oa() avenageseason dryseason averageseason dry season present 0.6 0.8 6.8 6.4 withproject 6.20 7.80 >10 >10 Low Flow Period: The water qualitymodeling shows the transverse distributionof BOD5 at the water intakeof the QingshanSulfuric Acid Plant and upstreamof 100mfrom the MunicipalWater intakeof WuhanIron & Steel Plant (at the upper boundaryof the first-class drinkingwater protection zone). At water intakesecions of the QingshanSulfuric Acid Pland, the transverse width of BOD5 concentrationexceedes class IV standardGB3838-88 is 15m, while the transverse width of BOD5 exceedes class III standard is 25.5m. It also shows the transverse width of BOD5 exceedes class-[I standard is approximately5m at the upper boundaryof the ftrst-classdrinking water protectionzone at Wuhan iron & Steel Company. It is clear =atdischarge of effluentwater from the wastewatertreatment plant affects the water quality of lower reaches to a certain degree during low flow period. According to the requirementson the first-class water source protectionzones prescribedby " Regulations for PollutionPrevention and Controlof Drinking WaterSource ProtectionZones' as well as the minimumrequirements on drinkingwater sourceprotection zones sanitary standard, the water quality at 1000 meters upstreamof the intake should meet the class-II standard of GB3838-88.It is obvious that effluent from Luojialuoutfall will affect water quality of drinkingwater supplysource downstream at a certaindegree. The impact on water qualityat intakemay not be serious, as the width of pollutionbelt is limited. 4-7 Alternativemeasures include: off shore discharge, i.e. using underwaterdiffuser for gettinga high initialdilution; up-grad of wastewatertreatment level: or extension of drinking water inlet towardsmiddle of the river. c. Impacton Water Quality Belt DownstreamNantaizihu Outfall Fig. 4.2.1-2 shows the predictedpollution belt during low flow period for proposed wastewagerload. Table 4.2.1-S shows the statisticsof pollutionbelt of BOD,. in which the waterquality exceedes class-III standard of GB3838-88.Table 4.2.1-6 shows the statistics of BOD5 pollutionbelt. Table 4.2.1-5 Predicted PollutionBelt Downstreamof Nantaizihu Outfall ( waterqut exceedesclass-I) I season engh (km) max.width (m) b/B (%) area (W2 ) alA (%) avenageflow 4.40 45.001 2.30 30800 0.51 lowflow >7 63 4 14900 1.6 Table 4.2.1-6 Predicted BOD5 Near Bank Downstream of Nantaizihu Outfall distancefor BOD, exceeding 4mg/K(m) dance for BOD, dilutingto background(kmn) aevrage season dry season aveagerseason dry season 6-5 >7 >S >7. Low Flow Period: Ihe DOD,pollution belt in whichwater qualityexceedes the class- III standardof GB3838-88is over 10 kn with 62 m with 62 m width. The impacton water qualityis not seriousand would not affect drinking water sources as dtere is no water intakewithin considerable distance downstream the discharge outfall, and the pollution belt with exceeded class III is limited in 62 meters wide. 3. Wastewater Disposal in Huangshi a. Conditions for Predicting (1). DesignedFlow Condition Table 4.2.1-7 shows designed flow, water level and corresponding gradients. 4-8 Table 4.2.1-7 HydraulicCondidon of the YangtzeRiver at Huangshi scason designd flow desinedwater level* (m) Hydnuiic gradiet. (m/s) (%o) averageseason 22430.0 14.63 0.219 dzy season30(Qw 0) 7300.0 8.37 0.202 * i.e. of tie HuangbaiSea; data fromthe YangtzeRiver Water Consetvation Bureau. (2). DesignedDischarge Bothwastewater loads in 1994and the years 2000 are employedfor assessmentof the impacton water qualityof the YangtzeRiver. Ihe estimatedwastewater loads are shown in Table 4.2.1-8. Table 4.2.1-8 WastewaterLoads Dischargedfrom Chengjiawan Outfall kern wastewatervolume COD. BOD5 (x l0omra) (mg/) (mg/I) e x Siti n g 55488.014 112.20 70.59 withprojec 6716.00 198.68 125.00 (3). Water Quality Parameter Non-dimensional ansverse diffusion coefficient (ai) chosen as 0.72. The degrdation raio of BOD5is neglected. b. Impacton Water Quality Distributionsof CODcr and BOD, for variousdischarge volumesat dry season and averageseason are calculated.Table 4.2.1-9 showsthe statisticsof pollution belt with water qualityexceeding the class-IIIstandard of GB3838-88. Table 4.2.1-9 PollutionBelt DownstreamShengyang Harbor (exceed class III) Seaso eM Existing With project __ur. legth max.wi,t mnaxn leng max.width COD,, dry season 1500 9 2000 45 BOD., 3500 58 4600 98 COD,,, average 600 3 1400 22 season BOD, 1020 18 1600 48 unit meter 4-9 It shows that the pollution belt with project will be limited in 100 meters transverse width.There are no drinkingwater source and other sensitivezones within a certain distance downstream Chengiianwan outfall. With the second phase of Cihu Lake sewage interception project, there shall be significantimprovemem of the water quality of the Yangtze River at Huangshi.As a first stage, the current plan is practicable. 4.2.1.3 [mpactson Water qualityof the Han River 1. PredictionMethods Effluentfrom Yuliangzhou Pre-ueatnent Plantdischarges to the Han River via a pipe. It was proposedto oDnstructthe CuijiayingMulti-Purpose Navigation Project (MPNP) downstream 17 kilomees of the XiangtanCity proper, as a part of the cascadedevelopment programforhydraulic resourcesat the middleand lower reaches of the Han River. So, with the constructionof CuijiayingMPNP, There will be a run-riverof reservoir. With a capacity of 182 million m3and an adjustablecapacity of 27 million m' ( daily adjust only) A two-dimensionalmathematical water quality model with accumulative flow coordinateis employedfor evaluatingthe impactson water qualityof the Han River as above. a. Condetionfor Water Quality Prediction = Designflow - -The10-year return period minimummonthly flow is adoped for low flow condition, and the averageannual flow is adoptedas average flow condition.The low flow and average flow are 560m3/sand 2820m'ts respectively. With the MPNP project, the low flow and averaged flow will be 451nm31s and 831m31s respectively.The concentration of BOD, in upstreamflow are determinedbased on existing monitring data as below: averageseason: BOD5 1.59mg/I; dry season: BOD, 1.60mg/l. As determinedin the feasibility report, the dischargedeffluent and concentrationof BOD5 are 52.44x I04m3/d and 166 mg/l respectively. A valueof 0.6 for non-dimensionaltransverse dispersion coefficient is employed, while degradation ratio of BOD5 is neglected. b. Impact on Water Quality Numerical Solution is used for the calculation by Hubei Institute of Envionment Protetion. Fig.4.2. 1-4shows the pollution belt downstreamoutfall during low flow period. Table 4.2.1-10 shows the statistics of the pollutionbelt sizes at different conditions. Table4.2. 1-11shows the statisticsof pollutionbelts width in which water quality is below the standard of class-III at 8 kilometers downstream from the sewage discharge outfall respectively. 4-10 Table 4.2. 1-10 Pollution Belt Sizes at Different Conditions a 3mg/1(1I) .- Arn126f1M) calcuLationcombinauon L(m) A(In') L(m) A(kni?) L(m) A(IW) dry season, without -18,W00 1.50 -15,000 1.20 -12,000 -0.90 MPNP projea dry season,with 16,000 3.20 11000 2.67 10,000 2.14 MPNP project avrage season, without 1iS,000 0.61 13.000 0.52 9,000 0.43 MPNP project aveage season, with 12,300 2.60 15,000 1.85 7,700 1.10 MPNPprojecta Note: - meamsroughly estiin Table 4-2.1-11 Pollution Belt Width at Different Condition (BOD5> 4mg/L) (isn)mFo cniin Pollutionbelts Riverwidth bB (M i Flow'widths (b) (m) (B) (m) ______ 8.000 dry season, without WPNP project 78 365 21.37 dry scason, widh WPNP project 345 1,812 19.00 averageseason, .wiftout WPN 58 650 8.92 aveage season,widh WPNP project 225 1,812- 1242 The results shows that with the project, a pollution belt with an over 15 kilometers length in the main flow zone of the river is generated with a maximum pollution belt of 3.2 km7.As prediction, the size of pollution belt is approximady 1.3 - 1.5 kilometers length and 0.52 - 1.20 km2 in horizonal area. With the Cuijiaying MPNP project, the length of the pollution belt will be slightly shortened while its area enlarged treatly, with 10-11 kilometers length and 1.85-2.67km' in horizonal area. The water quality of main flow zone of the middle reaches of the Han River downsweam the outfall is affected with the project At the water quality controlling section, the pollution belt width is about 10% and 20% of the river width during average flow period and low flow period respectively. Therefore, there is no significant impact on the industrial and agricultural water supply. 4.2.1.4 CumulativeImpacts on Water Ouality of the Yangze River and the Han River The Yangtze River is the largest river system in China, draining a watershed of 4-11 approximately1.8 x 106km 2. The middleand the lower reachesof the River, where Wuhan, Xengefanand Ezhou are situated, has recentlybeen designedas a priority area for future ebcnoniicdevelopment in China.The Han Riveris a largestone of primarytributaries, draining a catchmentof approximately15.9 x 104km2. Thewater quality of the YangtzeRiver and the Han Riverin the Hubeiregion is general good as mentionedin the ChapterIII. The water qualityof the YangtzeRiver in the Wuhan reachmeet the ClasslI or better accordingto the ChineseSurface Water Quality Standard (GB 3838- 88 ). Thewater qualityof the YangtzeRiver at Huangshisection can meet the ClassIII standard.The water qualityof the Han Riverin Xiangfanreach meet the ClassII standardor better. The adverseeffects to the riversare mainlyfrom the following: - Untreatedor partlytreated municipal wastewater discharges - The environmentalcapacity reducingcaused by construction of the hydraulic engineeringsuch as the Three Gorges Project and the Interbasin Water Transfer engineering 1. WastewaterDischarge At the presenttime, the domesticwastewater in the citiessituaed at the River banksare directlydischarge to the River without treatment.Although the industrialwastewaters should treated by the enterprisesowner prior to dischargedto the nature water bodies as the requiementsfor industnalwastewater discharger, a large amountof industrialwastewater from varioussectors of the proposal cities is dischargedto the YangtzeRiver and the Han River withouttreatment or with lowertreatment. In the urban area of Wuhan, the existingtotal quantity is approximately 10 me/s; due to the growth ofthe urban area overthe periodto the year 2010,the volumeof the wastewateris exected to increaseapprotely 70 %. As the result of the project,a wastewatervolume of 73.74x 10 r3/d wiltbe dischargedfrom 3 dinage basinsto the riverat the year 2000, which is approximately23% total municipalwastewater At the year2005, the wastewaterfrom the Chengjiawanpre-treatment plant willbe 12 x 104 m3/d, accountfor B0%of total municipal wastewatervohnne in Huangshi urban area Withthe project,the dischargeswastewater volume is approximately52.4 x 104'm/d in Xanfan city. 2. MajorHydraulic Project Upstream of the ProposalCities Thehydroelectric capacity of the YangtzeRiver is abundant.In 1970's,the Gezhoudam was constructedupstream of Yichang.Other hydroelectricprojects are being assessed and plannedon the tributariesand mainstreamof the River.The principalproject to be built in the nearfiture is the ThreeGorges Project. The interbasinwater transfer from upstream of the Han River to the north of China are proposed or built, to alleviateproblem of shortage and decreasingquantity of water in the northernChina with a total maximumvolume water of 325 rnIs.A multi-purposenavigation project are alsoproposed at the downstreamof the Xlangfan reachof the Han River to improvingthe navigationconditions of the River after the interbasin watertransfer 3. PotentialImpact on Downstreamof WuhanReach The implementationof the Wuhan wastewater treatment Project will have the 4-12 consequencethat the approximately23 % of the wastewater discharged from the three drainage basins io the Yangtze River. which is currently discharged to the other bodies. As discuses in above section, the wastewaterdischarged from the Luejialo outfall and the Nantiazihu outfall will cause the pollution belts that may affect the water beneficial use directly downstream of the outfalls. A two-dimensional wvaterquality equation was employed for assessing the effect of the discharged wastewater to downstream area of Wuhan and Huangshi. The calculation of the distanceand width for a 100times dilutionand 200 times diution and the relative concentration of BODs at a control point are shown in the Table 4.2.1-12 and 4.2.1-13. Table 4.2.1 -12 Estimated Distance and Width for a 100 Times Dilution Outfall Width (% flow volume) Distance(km) Concentration at control point ( mg/A) Nantiazihu 1.08 8.51 2.25 Luejialu 2.07 6.31 1.42 Shenyangang 1.53 9.1 0.63 Table 4.2.1 -13 Estimated Distance and Width for a 200 Times Dilution Outfall Width (% flow volume) Distance(km) Concentration at control point (mg/l) Nantiazihu 2.16 34.04 0.97 Luejialu 4.13 25.23 0.64 Shenyangang 3.06 36.4 0.27 Wuhan Reach: As shown in the Table, the required distance for a 100 times minimum dilution id approxinately 10 km. The maximum width with the river flow volume is various between I % to 2 %. The requireddistance for a 200 times minimum dilution is varying between 25 - 40 km. The maximum width flow volume is various between 2 % to 4.5 %. Base on the concentration of discharged BOD5 , it is estimnatedthat the increments of BODs at the downstream boundary of Wuhan region are 0.97 mg/l for the left bank and 0.64 mgeI for the right bank with a 1% to 2% width ofthe flow volume. Accounting the wastewater discharged from the West Hankou, the concentration of BODs will be significantly increasedat the left bank zone. Huangshi Reach: Base on the dischargedconcentration of BOD3,the increment of BOD5 at the downstream of 9 km is approximately0.63 mg/I near the right bank. It is also anticipatedthat if the permit utilization zones for wastewater discharger are 5% 4-13 flow volume and 10 % flow volume for the left bake and the right bank respectively. correspondeddistance would be 182km and 148km respectively.At the boundaryof the permit utilizationzone, the maximumconcentrations of BOD5 mg/Ifor the Nantiazihuoutfall and 0.28 mgAfor the luejialuoutfall respectively. The Shanyangangoutfall is located 105 km of downstream Wuhan region, So the wastewater from the luejialu outfall may has a accumulativeeffect to the Huangshi section downstreamof the Shlanyangangoutfall. The maximumincrement of BOD5 at sha.yangang by luejialu outfall is approximately0.23 mg/I. Accountingfor a 80 % complementmixed, the effectedwidth is approximately11.0 % flowvolume. While for a 90 % complementmixed the effectedwidth is approximately7.6 %. 4. Impactof the Tree GorgesProject Theeffect of Three GorgesProject to water qualityof the YangtzeRiver was identified. Downstreamflow regimeswill be moderatelyaffected in terms of the dispersionand dilution capacityofthe riverwith a reductionof peakflood volumesand an increasein dry period flows. Asanalyses in the EA report of Wuhanwastewater treatment project, the construction of ThreeGorges Project may havea slighteffect to the dispersionand dilutioncapacity in near the bankzone. 5. Impactof the InterbasinWater Transfer Project As the preliminaryplanning for the Middle Route Schemeof the Interbasin Water TransferProject, the water wouldbe transferfrom the Han Riverwith a total maximumvolume of 15bilions per year. Withthis project,the flow of the Han River willbe reducedby one third. The principalconcern ofthis schemeis the impacton the Han River with regardto hydroelectric, navigationand water supply. As a partof the inteasin water tansferproject, a multi-purposenavigation are proposed mainlyfor comainiagthe navigationcondition. The impact assessmentfor the multi- purpose navigationproject was preparedby the localinstitute in the earlythis year. Asthe implementationof this projectwill change the flow conditionand the dispersion and dilutioncapacity of the river. the effectedzone of the dischargedwastewater to the Han Riverwith the wastewatertreatment project of Xiangfanmay differentfrom that at the existing hydrauliccondition. the estimatedpollution belt is shown in the Table 2.4 .1-14. Table2.4.1 -14 BOD5 PollutionBelt With the MPNP Standard Pollutionbelt PoUutionbelt Pollutionarea Rate ( b / W) length (km) width (m) (kIn2) ( % ) ExceedingClass I 16 443 24.44 3.2 Exceeding Class 1 345 19.04 2.67 Comparingwith the estimatedpollution belt withoutthe MPNP, the pollutionarea will significantlyincrease with a surface area of 2.60 to 3.20 km 2, as the flow velocity are 4-14 significantlyreduced in the river-runof reservoir. *^ Downstreawof the MPNPdarn, the pollutedwater maycompletely mixed with ambient water. the mnixedconcentration of BOD, is approximately3.70 mg/l. exceeding Class II Standard.So thewastewater discharge may aflect the waterquality downstream of the Xiangfan sectionof the Han River. 4.2.2 SoUdWaste Management Components 4.2.2.1 LcachateDischarge from Huangiawan Landfill Leachatefrom solid waster landfillwill be treated with UASBplus Oxidation ditch, discharge to the middle reache of Shahe River. The concentration of contamination in inffluent and effluent are estimatedin Table 4.2.2-1. The capacityof treatmentfacility is 300m'/d. - Table 4.2.2-1 The Inffluentand EffluentIndex of LeachateTreatment Plant terms influemwaer quality effent waterquality BOD, 1500 s30 CODcr 3000 sI10 SS 600 s70 pH 6-7 1. Impacton the Shahe River An one-dimensionalwater qualitymodel is adopted. The calculationresults indicatedthat concentrationof BOD exceeded the class-III standardof GB3838-88,and has a adverseeffect to the Shahe River. It is estimatedthe 20-year return period flood in Huangjiawanlandfill catchment is 24 m'/s. For preventing the run off ersion and overflow of the leachate from treatment facility,some mitigationmeasures should be taken. * Divertingrun off from leachateflow. e Strengthenmanagement of the runoffingdrainage system. . Establishingleachate collection and monitoringsystems. * Plantingtrees so as to avoid loss of wasterand soil erosion. 2. Crack Control Measures HuangjiawanLandfill, chosen by tiorough investigation,must enhancethe technical supervisionin constructionof imperviouslayer. During the operation,pay attention to the productionof leachate.This is becausethe crack of imperviouslayer may happen when the 4-15 leachatedecrease suddenly. Once the imperviouslayer cracking, it is necessaryto find the trouble position as soon as possibleand take remedial measure. The collectionsystem is used for reducing leachateleaching to subsurface soils and groundwater. Efforts are to be madeto avoid accident in the following fields: inefficiency of verticalcollection system, erosionof leach, maintenarceof diversion components.etc. It is suggestedthat a few pumpsare fixedwithin the verticalconduists for emergency. 4.2.2.2 LeachateDischarge from Xisai Landfill The estimated effluent of leachate is 300m3 /d. It will be, first treated by a UASB process plus Natural Wxidation tank, then discharge to Youjiahe lake, at last join into Yangtze River. A briefly analysisof the impact on nearestsurface water was made which shows the leachate has insignificant.Because of dilutionand decomposition, it cause less influenceimpacts on the surfacewater. Completelyhomogenous mode is used for forecastingthe potential effect of leachate discharge in a accidentof once 20-year storm on Youla Lake. For preventingthe runoff erosionand leachate flow from affecting the surface water duringrain season,a series mitigationmeasures were proposed in feasibility report, including constructionof the flood-regulatingpond with storagecapacity of 10,000 m3 which can meet the requirementof 20-year return period flow controll, divertingrunoff from leachate flow, and constructionof proper leachatecollection system. The most importanteissues are ensuringall the facilitiesan working. The mitigation measures mentioned for Yichang Huangjiawan landfill are also available for the Xisai landfill. 4.2.3.3 Leachate Dischargefrom Shipo Landfill Estimatedeffluent of leachatefrom Shipo landfill is 85.3 mnld with a activated sluge processplus Oxidationpond, priorto dischargeto the XiaoqingheRiver. The storage capacity of Oxidationpond is 500m3Id. The flow of the Xiaoqinghe River is appoximately I.1m3 /s during dry season, a dilution model is employed for the analysis of impacts. The estimated concentrationsof CODcr, BOD5 and SS are 3.01mg/l, 2.23mg/I and 15.95 mg/l respectively, so there is insignificantimpacts on water qualityof the XiaoqingRiver. It is estimated that the maximum runoff amount is 20,300m3 per day, 64,500m3 per monthrespectively. The leachateamount will be largely increasedwithout diverting runoff during rain season. Therefore, it is urgent to constructditches, canals for diverting runoff from leachate in the field. 4-16 4.2.2.4 LeachateDischarge from Jinkou Landfill Estimatedeffluent of leachateform Jingkou landfillarea varies from 80 m3/d to 100 m'ls witha UASBprocess plus NaturalOxidation pond prior to dischargeto upstream reach of the Fuhe River.The designedcapacity of leachatetreatment facility is approximately750 m'3d,the designedconcentrations of BOD, in inffluentvaries between2500 mg/l and 3500 mg/I, the designedconcentration of CODir in inffluentvaries between3500 mg/l and 5000 mg/l. The dischargedleachate with proposedtreatmen processcan complicewith the permit dischargestandard, and may cuse a insignificantimpact on water qualityof the Fuhe River as a rough estimated. A dilutionequation was also employedfor analysisof the leachateimpacts on water qualityduring rain seasonwith a 10-yearreturn period flood condition. The landfill, which total area of effectivefield is 68.22, is open in three sides. It is necessaryto comstructdam in east, west and north for devertingrunoff from leachate. It is estimated that the 10-year return period maximum 20 daily runoff is approximately 14904m 3. The designed storage capacity of proposed requlating pond is 1.5x 10 m ,3 which can requlate the maximum daily runoff from the landfill without overflow. 4.2.3. Industrial Pollution Control Project 4.2.3.1 EzhouIron and Steel With the comprehensivetreatment, the total wastewaterflow of EzhouIron & Steel Plantis 11830.2m 3/h, including11650.2 m3/h of industrialcomprehensive wastewater and 180 m 3 /h cokingwastewater. The industrial comprehensive wastewater will be completely reused while the cokingwastwater will be dischargedto the YangtzeRiver via specialpipe after biochemicaltreatment. The indexesof water capacityand waterqualityof the coking wastewatertreatment system are Iisted in Table 4.2.3-1 The dischargedconcentrations of volatile phenoLCN( and S2 can meet the permit dischargestandards. However, the dischargedconcentrations of BOD, COD, SS and NH3-N cann'tcomplice with the permit dischargestandards, as shown in Table4.2.3-2. Table 412-3-2shows that the dischargedvolatile phenol is reducedby 1.08 t/a. The decrementof cyanide,sulphide, oil and ammonianitrogen is 70.4 %, 23.7 % and 93.7 % respectively. 4-17 Table4.2.3-1Indexes of WaterCapacity and Qualityof CokingWastewater Treatment System Bmnchs Coarse AmmoniaDistiUalion Tar Seperation Others Total Be=ne Waterflow (mnId) 8 120 30 22 1 180 WaterQuAlry BOD COD Volatile CN' S SS NH, -N phenol inffluems High 540 1500 300 40 28 200 30 (mgII) LOW 432 1040 260 18 15 130 10 Mean 486 1270 281 28 20 160 20 Cls I Standard 30 100 0.5 0.5 1 70 15 Effluen (mg/l) 56 144 0.47 0.5 1 140 20 Table. 4.2.3-2 PollutantDischarged into YangtzeRiver Beforeand After Transformation PollutantLoad (tla) _ Volailphenol Cyanide Suiphd Oil NH,-N After 0.45 0.42 1.58 6.5 143 Before 1.53 1.42 2.07 32.38 228.1 polla 1.08 1 0.49 25.88 213.8 ReduedRm 70.6 70.4 23.7 79.9 93.7 (b) Impacton YangtzeRiver at Ezhou The existingmonitoring shows the principalpollutant of the EzhouIron & Steel Plant which has significant impacton the YangtzeRiver is volatile phenol. So choosingvolatile phenolas the assessmentfactor. PredictedResults are shown in Table 4.2.3-3 and 4.2.3-4 Table4.2.3-3 MaximumAffected Scope Unit: mg/A Volablcphenol Discarging Cx lowerlimit C (0.SCX X Y(m) Affecion (couM) of detecto) (m) Ar(m2 ) Witut project 2.55 0.002 0.001 470 330 10.8xlO' Withproject (comply 0.5 0.002 0.001 380 300 7.9x10' with stand) AffectedAtea 26.% 4-18 Table4.2-3-4 MaximumAffected Area by Effluent Unit: mg/I Volatilephenol Discharging Cx (lower limit C X y Affection concennration of detcction) (0.5C.) (m) (m) Area (m-) Without project 2.55 0.005 0.002 330 280 6.5xIO' With project (comply 0.5 0.005 0.002 240 140 4.2x10' with standards l Affected Area 35.4% The resultsshow dhat the effectionscope of pollution belt caused by Ezhou Iron & Steel Plant will decrease from 10.8xlO mn2 to 7.9x10' m2 with reduction rate 26.9%, and the pollutionscope will be decreasedfrom 6.5xlO m'2 to 4.2x 10I m2 with reductionrate of 35.4% with coking wastewatertreatment projecL Withproject, the wastewatercurrently discharged into Xingang River and YanglanLake wiElbe treatedprior to reuse.There will be a great improvementof water quality of the Yanglan Lake with project. 4.2.3.2 Jinmen Cement Plant The total wascewaterflow of Relocated Jingmen Cement Plant is 481 m3Jd, including 129 m3/d domestic wastewater and 352m3/d industial wastewater. The wastewater will be discharged into the Yan River. According to present wastewater quality and compared to the analytical results of wastewaterdischarged by similar cementplant, the water qualityof the project listed in Tab[e 4.2.3-5. Table4.2.3-5 Comparisonof Water Qualityof Drainage Unit:mg/l pH SS BOD COD Oil Discharges 8.3 29 5 6.2 2.42 SCanda& 6-9 SO 30 100 10 The discharged wastewater can meet the permit standards. Table 4.2.3-6 lists the pollutant concentration change after the drainage mixed with flow of Yan River varies with project The Maximum increment with a rate of 3.35%. After receiving the wastewater from the project, the water quality of Yan River comply with class IV standard of GB3838-88, except the index of pH, which exceeds the standard a little bit. 4-19 Table 4.2.3-6 WaterQuality Changeof YangtzeRiver SS BOD COD Oil Backpound (mg/I) 19.5 3.84 2.14 0.358 Recmivedconcenration of wastewater 19.55 3.8S 2.15 0.37 from this project incrment ncreMem 0.0026 0.0026 0.0047 0.0335 note: received concentrationof wauiewaterfrom this project 4.2.3.3 Hubei PharmaceuticalPlant Thewastewater from Hubei PharmaceuticalPlant is organic wastewater,with capacity of 6474.6 10 tta. The wastewaterwill be trated by the proposedwastewater treatnent plant. Prior to dischargedto Han River via a 100m longopen channel. The detail of the pollutant is mensionedin Chapter 11. With project, both CODcr and BOD5 can comply with the standardand nitrobenzene doesn't. A two-dimensionalmathematical model is employedfor predictingthe benefit effect on water qualityof the Han River. Theprediction for water qualityof the HanRiver downstream discharge point shows the existingpollution belt will be abated with project The inpact of zoneby the dischargedloads of Nitro-phenoland Nitrobenzeneis limited in initial mixingzone directly downstreamof the dischargepoint, with increamentsof 0.005 mgIland 0.01 mg/l respectively. 4.2.3.4 YichangCement Plant The tomalwastewaer flow of RelocatedYichang Cemen Plant is 735.1 mn/ld,including 37.9 m3/d domesticwastewater and 697.2m 3ld industrialwastewater. The combinedwastewater are dischargedto Linjiang Stream via Huayanchongditch. The condition of wastewater dischargedis listed in Table 4.2.3-7. A dilutionequation was employed for calculatingthe water qualityof the Linjiangstream downstreamthe dischargepoint. The wastewaterdischarge can meetthe permit standards. At outll of the LinjiangStream, the valueof predictionof SS has no change compared with presentvalue but the valuesof predictionof CODcr, BOD5 and oil are a little bit lighter thanpresent values, without exceedingstandard. It shows that the drainage from themovement and constructionhas little effect on LinjiangBrook. 4-20 4.2.3.5 XiangfanChemical Plant The dischargedwastewater with project is shown in Table 4.2.3-8, which can meet the permit dischargestandards. The industrialwastewater is dischargedinto municipalsewage system after treatment, and then treated by YuliangzhouWastewater Treatment Plant. Prior to discharge to the Han River without 3dverseeffect on Xiaoqirg Stream. Table4.2.3-7 WastewaterDischarge Statues | pH SS(mgl)| COD,,(mgQl) BOD,(mgfl) oa(mgiI) fiow(mW/d) indust 6-9 20 11 2 3.5 697.2 wustewaer domestic 6-9 200 200 120 - 37.9 wastewater combined 6-9 29 21 8 3.3 735.1 wastewater discharge 6-9 200 150 60 10 stdard Table4.2.3-8 WastewaterLoad with Project tem Pnmit sandad Concentatio Polht load Method of Iranut CODcr 100 40 3.156 biochemicl SS 70 50 3.95 TP 0.5 0.5 0.0395 F 10 0.7 0.7 4.2.3.6 Erxi ChemicalPlant After completionof the project, the effluent from the plait will reduce from 2239.2xlO0tta to 1725.8x 103tla. Sulfide in the wastewaterwill have a great reduction.The oncentrationsof dischargedBOD 5and NH1-N are reducedfrom 82.8 mg/l and 200 mg/I to 20.8 mg/Iand 24.9 mg/l respectivelywith project. This will havegreat beneficialeffect on improving water quality and lightenthe pollutionof Man River. A two-dimensionalwat qualitymodel was employedfor prodictingthe beneficialeffect of the project to water qualityof the Man River. 4-21 The predictingresults show that the ammonia(free) at downstreamof 80 meter can meet class-Ill standardof GB3838-88. 4.3 Impact on Air Quality 4.3.1 Relocation of Cement Projects 4.3.1.1 Waste Gas Emission The annual exhaustemissions of the Jingmenand Yichangcement plants are shown in Table 4.3.1-1. Table 4.3.1-1 AnnualWaste Gas Emissionof Jingmenand YichangCement (t/a) items TSP S02 NOx Jigmen CementPlant 141.06 66.02 166.79 YicbangCement Plant 132.35 33.86 138.69 4.3.1.2. Air Quality Assessmentfor Jinmen CementPlant at new site 1. Pollution meteorologyanalysis JingmenMunicipal Meteorological Station is located 9km to the south of the locationof the prposed site. The terrain'sof the siteare quite similar, while there is no high mountainfor separation.The monitoringdate of the stationare used in EIAksof the proposedproject. Wind dwectionand velocity:The yearly dominant wind directionof this area are north, its frequencyis 31%. The northwind direction frequencies of every montlisare the biggest.The north wind directionfrequencies from Augustto the next March are all over 32%. Especially in September,the value is 41%. From April to July, the south wind appears rather frequendy, which is only smallerof north wind. JingmenCity is influencedby the narrow effect of the terrain. The wind speed is quite big. The year meanwind speed of manyyears is 3.4 m/s. The strongwind frequencyover 6 m/s is 11%.No wind frequencyis 17%.Generally, the wind velocity of April is the biggestduring the wholeyear. Monthlymean value is 3.7 mls; the one of June is the smallest, 2.8 m/s. From the site inspectioninfbrmation of the project, we can clearly find out that, mean wind speed is biggerthan the one of municipalmeteorological station, while the statistic frequencyis smaller, and the lasting period is usuallyshort. - Atmospheric stable degree condition: According to the regulation of National Environmental Protection Industry Standards (HI/T 2.1-2.3-93), and the meteorology informationof JingmenMunicipal Meteorology Station in the past 5 years, make the statistics on the winter and whole year atmosphericstable degree of 1986-1991by the Pasquill-Turner Stable Degree Classificationas Table 4.3.1-2 and 4.3.1-3. In Table 4.3.1-2, it can be foundthat D Wpestable degree occurs mostlyin Jingmen. The second and third places are E and F types respectively.The D type frequency of the 8 o'clock during the four time periodof 2, 8, 14, 20 o'clock is as high as 74 %. E and F occur 4-22 mainly in the morningand evening. B and C mainlyappear around noon. Table 4.3.1-2 StabiiityFrequency of Jingmen (1986-1991) Stability time A A-B B BC C C-) D E F 2 30 35 35 8 5 11 74 9 14 3 13 9 34 2 38 20 35 38 26 Table 4.3.1-3 Stability Frequencyof the Seasons 06) (1980-1991) A B C D E F spring 0.9 9.0 13.0 42.8 19.0 15.2 Summer 1.2 7.6 16.3 40.9 20.8 13.3 Autnmn 1.0 7.7 10.3 42.8 21.6 16.6 Wmiter 0.2 3.8 7.0 52.5 21.1 IS.4 anmal 0.8 7.1 117 44.7 20.6 15.1 In Table 4.3.1-3, it reflects at D typeappears frequently in winter,the second and third placesare E and F. The most rare type is A; its frequencyof winter is 0.2 %, summer, 1.2 %. Becausethe wind speedat Jingmenis quite big, C typestable degree occurs frequently. The one of C in the summer is even bigger than F. - Jointfrequency of wind directionand wind speed: The whole year joint frequency of wind directionand wind speed is calculatedaccording to ground monitoringdata of Jingmen MunicipalMeteorology Station. Under the conditionof north wind and wind speed 3-5 m/s, D type frequency is the biggest. * Diffusionparameters: Atmosphericdiffusion experimentsat southem of Yingchun PrimarySchool and 330 projectsite are held in Jan., April, July and Oct. of 1992. At the near hilly area, detecting tests were made in recent years. All the data are carefully analyzed and compared.Generally, they are higher than the nationalstandards, about I to 2 degrees higher in the near distance. 2. Impacton Air Quality The calculations,carried out by EA preparatDrof individualproject, provided for the 4-23 downwindconcentrations of TSP, SO3,and NO, caused by the emission from Newly Jingmen CementPlant, and the daily averageconcentrations of TSP, SO, and NO, with or without the proposedproject at new site under the mean meteorologicalcondition. The specific dispersion modelswere selected for the calculations. The dispersion parameterand wind outline index from the actual monitoring data are used.The coefficientof calmdispersion parameter, flue gas rise height and parameter are from (HJIT2.1-2.3-93). (1) DownwindConcentration Duringthe normaloperation, under every stable degree, TSP have intense concentration distribution around 200 m. The maximum is 0.0939 mg/Nm3, which is only 6.26% of the standard value. Comparedwith the current TSP down-wind once concentraion maximum contributionvalue, the one in the future is only 3.32 % of the former one. SO2 is in compliance with.-destandards under every stable degree. Among them, the maximum is only 0.68 % of the standard. NO. concentrationsare in complianceat different stability. The maximum value is only 8.9 % of the standardvalue. When ignitingthe turretkfln. TSP concenuationis increasing.This is because in the short time CO is so high that ESPcan not be started.Maximum TSP concentration is 0.3320 mg/Nm3 which is only 22.1 % of the secondlevel of the standard. - Superpositioiivalue: The calculationshows that the situationof ones concentrationof TSP, SO, and NO. of each assessmentpoint in the monitoring period. All values are in compliance.The plant site is the maximumproportional contributor of TSP contributionvalue, whichproportion is 64.29%. In this time, the backgroundvalue is small and contributionvalue is small too. SO2 concentrationsare all in complianceat every sites. The 1# plant site is the maxnimumproportioral contnbutor of SO2contribution value, which proportion is 73.26%. For NO1 , is the same as SO., the proportion is 75.45 %. (2) Daily mean contnbutionconcentrations (i) Contributionvalue Accordingto the meteorologicalmonitoring data of the meteorologicalstation of Jingmcn City, Jan.5 and July 10. 1993 were selected as the typical days for pollutants daily mean concentration distribution calculating. On Jan.5, 1993, the wind direction are: NNW-N-NNE-N-NNE-N-NNW,the mean wind speed is 3.1 mls, the atmosphericstability is class D. On July 10, 1993, the wind directionare: S-SSW-SW-SSW-S-SW,the mean wind speed is 4.3 mIs, the atmosphericstability is from class C to class E. _ TSP: The concentrationof Jan.5 is 0.0576 mg/Nm3 and July 10 is 0.0362 mg/Nm3, whichare 11.52%and 7.24% of the third level of the standard. On Jan. 5, the contour line of 0.025 mg/Nm3 coveringarea is about 0.033 km2and July 10 is 0.04 kIC2, which concentration is only.5.0 % of the third levelof the standard. SO,: On Jan. 5, the contourline of 0,0003mg/Nm 3 coveringare is about 0.075 km2. On July 10, the contourline of 0.0003mgln 3 coveringarea is about 0.061 km2. This concentration is only 0.12% of the third level of the standard. NO,; On Jan. 5, the contour line of 0,0005 mg/Nm; covering area is about 0.17 km2. 4-24 On July 10, the contour line of 0.0005 mg/m3 covering area is about 0.18 km-. This concentrationis only 0.33 % of the third level of the standard. (ii) Superpositionvalue TSP: After superposition;on days of 17 and 18 the maximumconcentrations at the site 2#, Luojiayan is 0.4056 mg/Nm3. Relatingthe background,the increasingrate is only 0.9%. This contributionvalue is very small. SO2 : SO. superpositionvalues of every assessingsites are lower than the value of the standard. The maximumsuperposition value appears in the fron area of plant and its value is 0.0430 mg/Nm3.All of the them are backgroundvalue which is 17.2% of the third level of the standard. NO.: After superposition,NO, superpositionconcentration of every assessingsites are lowerthan the valuesof the standard.The maximumvalue appears in the front of the plant and its value is 0.0599 mg/Nm3. The increasing rate is only 0.01%. The superposition value is 39.93% of the third level of the standard. - Prediction result summary The relocation constructionis locatedat Zilingzhen, Luopuo. According to prediction results, there is no influencesof differentpollutants emitted by New Plant to Jingmencity. Downwindonce concentrationand daily meanconcentration contribution value of TSP, S0. and NO, are small. After the superpositionof daily mean concentrationand background value, TSP, S02, NOx concentrationsare in compliance.The maximumsuperposition value of NOx is 39.93% of the third level of the standard. 4.3.1.3 Air Ouality Asessementfor YichaM Cement Plant at New Site 1. Pollution meteorologyAnalysis Wind diection: the mostfrequent wind direction is SE. wind frequency is 14%. Second ESE. SSE. The frequenciesare also high, 9% and 8%. The static wind frequency of this area is high, 31 %. The statistic informationshows that is similar of four seasons wind direction variationin this area. The dominantwind direction is almost same in four seasons. Wind speed: the mean wind speedsof over the years of this area is 1.6 mIs. The mean wind speed of the fall and winter is small, spring and summer big. - - Stability Category and FrequencyStatistics: Using the stability category method of atmosphere,HJIM.2, the meteorologicalinformation of YichangCity from 1986 to 1990 were classifiedand counted. The Summer unstable frequency is higher than winter time. The Summer unstable frequencyis lower han wintertime. Annualsub stable frequency is 42.2%. The neutralstability frequencyis 34.8%. - Joint frequency:The able for the joint frequencydistribution of stability, wind speed 4-25 and directionof Yichangcity that the appearancepossibility of wind speed lower than 1.5 mls is almost zero and 0.64% when the wind speed is higher than 5 m/s at class c stability. - Meteorology of typical days_: According to information of over the years and short-terminformation analysis, combinedwith wind directionsand speeds, stability sensitive points. Jan. 18 and July 17, 1993 were selectedas the typical day of winter and summer. 2. Impacton Air Quality The calculation carried out by EA preparator of individual project. provided for the downwindconcentrations of TSP. SO, and NO. causedby Newly YichangCement Plant, and the dailyaverage concentrations of TSP, SO and NO, with or without project at New Site. The specificdispersion models were selectedfor the calculation. Parameters of wind profile power index, dispersioncoefficient, plume rise height are selected from HJ/12.2. The horizontal dispersion coefficient is ay =MI1Xrl. The vertical dispersioncoefficient is a The calmdispsion coefficient,index are selected from the testing results (by Mr. Chen Changhe, Lanzhou University). (1) Once Concentration The maximumvalue af TSP is 0.423 mg/Nm3 and meetsthe Class 2 standard of National Air Quality Standard(NAQS).With no or light wind the maximumvalue of sulfur dioxide is 0.0309 mg/Nm3 and 6.18% of Class 2 of NAQS. The maximumvalue of nitrogen oxides is 0. 1266 mg/Nm; and exceeds 84.43% of Class 2 of NAQS. With wind condition:The maximumvalue of sulfurdioxide is 0.0057 mg/Nm3 and 1.13% of Class2 of NAQS.Themaximum value of nitrogenoxides is 0.0231 mg/Nm3 exceeds 15.43% of Class 2 of NAQS. (2) Daily average concentrationcontimbution value to pollution situation TSP: In typical day of winter, the 0.03 mg/Nm3 concentrationisopleth covers 0.5km2 around the plant place. The area includedby 0.01 mg/Nm3 concentrationisopleth is 1.6 km2. It affect 6# point ( Gonghe village the sixthgroup). In typicalday of summer,the 0.03 mg/Nm3 concentrationisopleth covers 0.55km2 around the plantplace. The area includedby 0.01 mg/Nm3 concentrationisopleth is 1.8 km2. It affect 6# point ( Gonghevillage the sixth group). Theseresult illustratethat the affectedzone by the low concentrationisopleth is big, the pollutiondegree is very low. 3 2 SO2: In typical day of winter, the 0.002 mg/Nm concentration isopleth covers 0.55km near the plant place. The area includedby 0.001 mg/Nm3 concentrationisopleth is 0.9 km2. In typicalday of summer,the 0.002 mg/Nm3 concentrationisopleth covers 0.15km2 near the plant place. The area includedby 0.001 mg/Nm' concentrationisopleth is 1 km 2 . The above descripton show the contributionvalue of sulfur dioxide is very low. The points near the plant are polluted lightly. 4-26 NOx:In ypical day of winter. the 0.005 mg/Nm3 concentrationisopleth covers 0.5km2 near the plantplace. The area includedby 0.003 mg/Nm3 concentrationisopleth is 0.9 km2. In typicalday of summer,the 0.005 mg/Nm3 concentrationisopleth covers 0.7km2 near the plant place. The area included by 0.003 mg/Nm3 concentrationisopleth is 1.9 km2. The above descripdonshow the contributionvalue of sulfur dioxide is very low. The points near the plant are polluted Iightly. (3) Brief PredicationSummary TSP: In the normal productionperiod, while the clinker storehousechnges to a circular one )the strengthof the sourcereduces from 570 m/s to 194 mls, and the height of exhaust port adds from 12 m to 32 m, the maximumonce concentrationis 0.421mg/Nm3 and 42%of the secondlevel of the standard.At concernedprints, the superpositionvalues of once concentration are among 0.01-0.426 mg/Nm3. the superposotionvalues of daily average concentrationare among 0.048-0.283mg/Nm3. All meet the standard. In addition, the plant effices are located in the northwestof the productionarea and in the downwindof the dorminat wind. From the place figure. It's easy to be polluted. We wuggestthe plant offices had better to move to the south of the productionarea. When igniting, the concentrationcontribution values of the area within the 2500m distance all exceed the standard.The maximumvalue is 11.39592mg/Nm3 and exceed 10.40 times than Class 2 of NAQS. the pollution is vrey serious. The concentrationin the wind is lowerthan that in no wind. Through the amount of iginitingis a little, when iginiting, the big wind and well diffusecondition should be selected in order to decreasepollution. SO,:The onceand daily concentrationcontibution values don't exceed the standard. The once concentrationsupexpo:.tion value don't exceed the standard.In the daily concentration superpositionvalues, the rates of exceedingthe stndard in 4# point ( Carpet Plant) and 7# point (Wujian Theater) both are 20%. The exceeding times are 0.55 and 0.31 times respectively.However,theaverage rate of contributionis 0.64% and 0 respectively.Thereason of exceedingthe standardis due to the present monitoringvalues. NO,:The onceand daily concentrationcontibution values as well as superpositionvalue don't exceedthe standard. The maximumof the once concentrationis 0.12664mg/Nm3 and 84.43%of Class 2 of NAQS. The appearingmeceogogical frequency is 26.05%. 4.3.2 Environmental Improvement of the OriginalPlant Site 4.3.2.1 PollutionControl of Ezhou Iron & Steel Plant 1. MeteorologicalCharactiestics According to the statistical informationof the ground wind field in Ezhou during 1989-1993,the annual no wind frequency is high and 24% in the city. The annual no wind frequency in the winter is up to 26%. That in the summer is 17%. Except no wind ,east and northwestwind are dominanteach year. The appearingfrequency of east wind is 13%. That of the northwestwind is 9%. In the winter, the dominantwind is the east wind and the frequency is 11%.The east wind is dominantin the summerand its frequency is 15%. The annual average windvelocity is 1.69mls.The average velocitiesof the winterand summer are 1.39 and 1.95 4-27 m/s respectively.The summer is more beneficialto the dilution and diffusionof air pollution. The stability of this area is dominatedby the neutrality(D). The frequencyof stability category(E-F)is higherthan that of instabilitycategory(A-B, C). Followingcontents were calculated by EA preparatersfor the project: - The ground concentrationdistribution on the different axis line of wind direction is predictedunder thc differentstab ility and annualaverage velocity. - The ground instantaneousconcentrations of assessingplaces are predictedunder the annualdominant wind direction. -The ground insantaneousconcentration distribution is predicted under the no wind and fumigationdiffusion. - The annual averagedaily concentrationand its distributionof the assessingplace and all-directionis predicted. Accordingto the relativeregulation of GBlT13201-91,thedifferent diffusionmodels are selected respectivelycombining the characteristicof pollutants, meteorologicalcondition and atmosphericdiffision topographiccondition. 2. The Air Quality impactassessment (1) Long-termconcentration The annual daily averageconcentration contribution values of the pollutants with and withoutthe project,the annualdaily average concentration decreasing values and decreasingrate after reformationto these beforeare listedin Table 4.3.2-1. Table 4.3.2-1 Contrastof the AnnualDaily Averge ConcentrationContribution before and after upgrade (unit mg/m3) _SP NO. Co So. befre at removalrt befofe air remval b aflu_for remova befre aftr (%) RMe rte 2d 0.078 0.002 98.1 0.001 0.0002 60 0.002 0.001 50 0 0 34 0.092 0.002 98.1 0.001 0.0003 57.1 0.003 0.001 54.5 0 0 4X 0.122 0.002 91.5 0.002 0.0002 82.6 0.011 0.001 89.6 0 0 SM 0.019 0.001 93.5 0.001 0.0002 60 0.003 0.001 57.7 0 0 64 0.061 0.001 9t2 , 0 0.0001 66.7 0.001 0.000 46.2 0 0 7Y 0.092 0.001 932 0.001 0.0003 57.1 0.004 0.001- 51.4 0 0 a 0.078 0.001 91.1 0.001 0.0002 75 0.004 0.001 70.7 0 0 4-28 (2) Short-termconcentration TSP. the main pollutantemitted by the engineering,is selectedas the factor of conlrast analysis.TSP instantaneousconcentration contribution values on the downwindaxis before and after the upgrade are calculated under the memeorologicalcondition of D type stability and annualaverage win velocity. The result is listed in table 4.3.2-2 Table 4.3.2-2 The TSP InstantaneousConcentration Contribution Before and After Upgrade disranc 50 200 35 500 650 800 950 1100 1250 1400 C. X m) befbre 32.5 12.24 6.47 4 2.8 2 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.3 54.27 0 upga2deI_ after 0 O O 0 2.0e 3.0e5.0e 9.0Ck 0 0 0.01 1400 upgrade 3 3 3 3 removal 100 100 00 100 100. 100. 100. 100. 99 99 99.9 With the average wind velocity and the D type stability estimated, TSP maximum falling-groundconcentration appears at the place 1400mfar from the source is 0.01 times of the standardand much lower than the standard value, NO, maximum falling-ground concentration appears at the place 1329mfar from the source and far lower han the permit standard concentration. No-wind diffusion: Under no-wind diffusion, all-together direction concentrations includingassessing points are compliancethe standardconcentration limit value. Fumigationdiffusion: Any concentrationof assessingplace and on the fumigationaxis is far lower than e standardlimit value. - The conclution The annual daily average TSP concentrationcontribution value of the engineering emissionbefore the reformationaccount for 22.8% of the present air quality value in Ezhou. NOx, CO, SO. account for 3.1%, 0.2%. 0.0% respectively. The assessingareas aren't pollutedwith SO 2 fin. hie NO.1 steel-makingplant before and after the upgrade. The annual average TSP concentrationat the assessing area with project is 0.2932 3 mg/Nm. The pollutioncontribution of annualaverage NO1 is 0.8%. The engineeringpollution contnrbutionof annual averageCO concentrationaccounts for 0.1 %. TSP, NO., CO pollution contributiondecreases 98.1%, 75% and 70.7% respectivelyafter the reformation. The TSP averagedecreasing concentration at the assessingarea is 0.0762 mg/Nm3. The TSP short-term instantaneousconcentration at the assessing area with project decreased by 99.9%. Under the adverse conditionssuch as no wind and fumigation, the instantaneousconcentration contribution value is far lower than the permit standard. 4-29 The upgradeof the NO.1 steel plant has the significant benefit for the improvementof qualityof the Ezhoucity, speciallythe West Mountainscenic spot. 4.3.2.2 The Orizinal Site of the JingmenCement GeneralPlant Focus on air quality improvementin surrounding area of Old Plant Site with the relocation, the TSP, SOS,NO, and CO once concentradon contribution of the old plant LOurban air qualityunder averge meteorologicalcondition; daily mean concentrationchanges of the city center with and withoutproject. At the presenttime, the mainpollutants of Jingmen Cement General Plant, such as TSP, S02 and NO., have significantlyimpact on the city air quality. The TSP once concentration contributionexceeds the permit standardunder all kind of stability. The air quality is quite bad in the scope with a radius of 2.2 km from plant site, the one of 1 km, even worse. The local dominantwind directionis north, the seconddominrnt one is south. The southern and northern parts of the plant are heavily polluted. In this area, there are factories, schools, hospitals, centralized residentialarea, commercialarea and cultural central area. When the plan; is shutdown, the TSP once concentrationwill be decreased 0-3.6254 mg/Nm3; S02.. 0_0.0287 3 3 mg/Nm; NO1, 0-0.0009 mg/Nm as the estimation. The TSP daily mean concentrationof downtownarea will reach the secondarystandard. 4.3.2.3 The Original Site of YichangCement General Plant For quantativelyanalyses of the environmentalbenefit for air quality with the relocation of Yichang Cement Plant, the dispersion models were employed for calculating the concentrtionsof TSP, S%, and NO1 in surroundingarea of the existingcement plant site with ExistingEmissions as discussedin EA docum-entfor the relocationof YichangCement Plant. 1. Impactwith no or light wind condition Withinthe 600 m surroundingarea the plant concentrationof TSP does not conformto the standard. The maximum valueoccurs at about 120m. Under the instabilitycategory of of E-FX,the max. concentrationis 15.388871mg/Nm 3, exceedingthe level II standardwith 14-39 times. Underthe three type of stability.The max. concentrationof S02 valuesare 0.18 mg/Nm, 0.207 mg/Nm3 and 0.194 mg/Nm3 respectivelyappearing at 120m; while the biggest one is 41.37% of the level-IIstandard. The concentrationsare quite big from 80 to 200 m. 2. Impactwith wind condition: Concentrationof TSP withinthe 2500 m surrounding area of the plant the standard. The maximum value occurs at about 80m. Under the instabilit categoryof exceedes EF, the max. concentrationis 14.959 mg/Nm3, exceedingthe level II standard with 13.96 times. Max. concentrationof SO2 occur under the four stability appear at 300m, 600 m, 1000 m and 1500 m respectively. The max. values are 0.072 mg/Nm3, 0.063 mg/Nm3, 0. 058mg/Nm3 and 0.047 mg/Nm3 respectively;while the biggest one is 14.44% of the secondary standard. 4-30 In the regionwithin 2500maway from the plant. the once concentrationof TSP caused by the existingcement plant exceededthe permit air qualitystandard. Near the site there is maximum which is over 14 times of the level-Il of air quality. The maximumonce concentrationis 0.20683mg/Nm 3, whichis 41.35% of the secondary standardoccurring at 120m.With construction of newlyYichang Cement Plant, existingcement plant will be shutdownand the air pollutionsurroundinig area of the plant will be abated. 4.3.2.4 IndustrialWaste Gas RecoveryEngineering of XiangfanChemical Plant Accordingto the monitoringdata of XiangfanMunicipal Meteorology Station. The dominantwind in the wholeyear is SSE, its frequency is 20%; the secondone is NW, its frequencyis 10%. The dominantwind in winter is SSE with frequency of 16%, the secondone, N, 13%. The frequencies of the type-D stability are over 50% for different season. Annual frequencyof the type D stability is 52.13%. The dispersionmodels were used for analysesthe Environmentalbenefit of the project for the improvementin air qualityof the surroundingarea of the Xiangfan ChemicalPlant Site. Annual and long-term mean concentrationsof fluorides and TSP are compliancethe secondlevel of the standard.The onceand daily meanpredicted concentrations of ground level of fluoridesand TSP in the assessmentarea are compliancethe level-If of the standard. The concentrationof fluoridesat generalfumigation condition is approximately91 % of dte standardsin the area which 300m distancefrom the source. TSP concentrationexceeds the standard in the area of 300m distance from the source. The calculationshows tat with the project once maximumconcentration of fluorides reducing to 0.0067 mg/mn from the original 0.0453 mg/rn. Once max. concentaton of TSP reducing to 0.652 mg/r 3 from the original 2.641 mg/rn. The ambient air quality of Xiangfan ChemicalPlant area will be improvedsignificantly. 4.3.2.5 Waste Gas Treatmentenaineering of Erxi ChemicalPlant Accordingto the five years meteorologicaldata and statistic analysis of the extending constructionarea. The dominant wind direction is NNW, subdominantone is SSE. The frequenciesare 18% and 16% respectively. Five years data of Yicheng County's MeteorologyStation were used to classify the atmosphericstability. The max. appearancefrequency of seasonaland the whole year is Class D(48.3%)and next Class E(19.5%). The downwindconcentrations of TSP, NO., S02, the daily averageand the annual daily averageconcentrations of TSP, NO1, S., surroundingarea of the plant site were calculatedby employingthe dispersionmodels. The calculationshows the downwindconcentration of S02 is significantlydecreased over 4-31 50% with the project. The maximumdaily average contributions of TSP, SO,and NO, emitted by the dant after the projectare 0.1l8mgINm 3, 0.114mg/Nm3 and 0.007mg/Nm3 in the impactzone respectively. Plusing the current backgroundof TSP, SO2 and NO,. The daily average concendurationsof SO, and NO, surroundingarea of the plant comply with the permit standards. while the concentrationof TSP exceedesthe standardat some site. 4.4 Impact on Groundwater 4.4.1 Xisai Landfillof Huangshi 4.4.1. I Geohydrologicalcondition The groundwater of Xisai Sanitary Landfill can be divided into two water-bearing zones:Quaternary eluvial-slope pore permeablelayer (WbQel-dl)and chalk-TertiaryEast Lake weatheringgrit-conglomeraate fissure permeablelayer [Wb(K-R)I. The two permeablelayers have close hydrologicalrelation, and can be treatedas a unified layer. In addition, the geologicalexploration shows that no artesian aquifer exists underthe landfill. The water isolationlayers of the landfillfield are QuaternaryslopeOlacustrine deposit clay layer (QI-dl)and chalk-TertiaryEast Lake grit-conglomeratelayer (K-R). Quaternaryslope-lacustrine deposit clay layer (Ql-dI).Chiefly distributednear bank of YoujiaLake. over the Quaternaryeluvial-slope layer. Chalk-Terfiary East Lak-egrit-conglomerate layer (K-R). Distributedat Surface layer in the landfilland the top and ridgeof hillyland nearby,under the permeablelayer. With a widely distribution. 4.4.1.2 Impacton Groundwater 1. Water qualityof leachates Referringto domesticand internationaldata of solid waste landfill, and compositionin domesticgarbage of HuangshiCity, it's determinedthat in the leachates, the concentrationof COD is 6000 mg/l, BOD, is 4mg/l, SS is 500 mg/l and pH is 6 to 7 in the feasibilitystudy of the project. 2. Predictionof groundwaterpollution The geohydrologicalcondition of Xisai landfillHuangshi City is relativelysimple The naturalflow field is relativelystable and the aroundgroundwater nearly haven't been exploited. The transferringprocess of the pollutantin the groundwatercan be simply calculatedby the followingformula, one-dimensioncontinuous dispersion model. Analytscalmodel of 1-Dcontinuous dispersion of pollutantsource: ,C(Z 0 (IG)fX-UPR C( 2 ,t-)DI322rD . 4-32 where: Co - Initialconcentration of pollutant; 13= (u+41DLR)I2 1-attenuation coefficientof pOllUtant;,LCoD=B0OD=O.0035/d; DL -- longitudinaldispersion coefficient DL= 17.5 m2/d; R -- resistance coefficient, for BODs and COD, R= 1: u -- pore velocityof groundwater; The calculationof pollutanttransfer in groundwaterare listedin Table 4.4.1-1 Tab. 4.4.1-1 The Distnbutionof COD in Groundwater distance(m) 200 400 600 800 1000 2000 aocmrwatzo (mgfl 24.5 0.146 8.69x104 S.17x104 4.62x104 3.45xl0O t.m to reach maXim 7 9 115 13.5 14.00 23.00 Estimationby simple matiemeticalmodel shows the scope of effect on groundwaterby leachateis relativelysmall. Alongthe directionof the groundwaterflow to 600m, where is the edgeof the landfill,COD concentrationwill reduce to below lx1O3 mg/l. So it's consideredthe leacheswill have no effect on the residentnearby tbrough-groundwater. 4.4.1.3 ProtectiveMeasures for Groundwater (a) To reduce the productionof leachate,solid waste should be stratifidelycovered and pacted. (b) Properly prevent leachateof dam, gather leacheatesystematically and improvethe drainagesystem. Be aware of the hermetizationof drainage pipe line to reduce leachate to groundwater. (c) Periodicallymonitor groundwater quality of the landfill field and nearby area, to discver problemsin timeand takenecessary engineering measums to precent groundwaterfrom pollutionand maintainnormal operation of landfill. 4.4.1.4 EngineeringMeasures to Prevent Leakae (a) Leakageproof of landfillbottom: TD prevent groundwaterpollution from leachate, the bottom of landfill is requiredto have good water proof course. According to data of geologicalexploration in hand, field aroundthe landfill has 2m deep Surface layer, and about 3m clay layerbeneath iL The coefficientof permeabilityof surface layer K=2.,x1Ol cm/s and 4-33 thatof clay layer is 3.6xI07 cm/s. Both layers are good water proof courses and can meet the design requirementof leakageproof. (b) leakageproof of dam: All the damsare earth-rockdams. Geotextileis laid on the side of dam against landfill, coveredwith quarry stone and sketch the contours of cracks on the surfac. 4.4.2 Jinkou Landfill of Wuhan 4.4.2.1 GeohydrologicalConditions Approximately25m clay layer coveres the field of linkou landfillof Wuhan City at the top. The coefficientof permeabilityof clay layer is 1.3-4.5x104 m/d. A sandy gravel aquifer is beneaththe clay layer, witi depth of about Sm and drtesiancharacter. The hydrostaticlevel is 3.46munder ground surface. Main direction of the flow is from north to south, west to east, that is, flow to the directionof Han River and YangtzeRiver. The coefficientof permeabilityof aquifer is 1.206m/d(1.396x10 4 m/s). Estimatedflow of the monitoringwell is about 100 tJd. Waterin moniaringwell is transparentwith temperatureof 18°C.Chemical type of water is Calcium/MagnesiumBicalbonate, belonging to low mineralizedslight hard water. 4.4.2.2 Impacton Groundwater 1. Water Quality of Leachate Referring to domesticand internationaldata of garbage landfill, and compositionof domesticsolid waste of Wuhan City, it's determinedthat in the leachate, COD is 5000 mgtl, BOD5 is 3500mg/I, SS is 500 mg/I and pH is 6-7 in the feasibilitystudy report of the project 2. ImpactAnalysis Existingtest show that a rate removalof BOD5 and CODare 95% and 85% respectively throughsurface soil and sub-aerationzone with a 2-4m depthes. At the field of Jinkou landfill, a 25m clay layer cover over the aquifer, with permeability coefficient is 1.5-5.2x104 m/s. No natural hydraulic connection between groundwaterand surface water present surroundingarea of the landfillsite, expect the wells. Leachae willhave no effecton goundwaterquality if the surfikcelayer of well is leakageproof. The monitoringshows groundwater quality in this area is quite good. It also demonstratesthe adsorption,degration and isolationof pollutantby water proof clay layer from another aspect. So, since clay layer near Jinkou Solid Waste Landfill is thick and uniform, and also widely distributed,it is anticipatedthe leachatehave no significanteffect on groundwater. 4.4.2.3 ProtectiveMeasures for Groundwater (a) Compactngthe overburdenlayer to reduceleachaze production and settlementafter 4-34 landfillclose. (b) Be aware of dredgingof floodcatching-drain to avoid clogging by alluvium. To guarantee systematicalgathering of leachateand reinforce monitoring of the groundwater, surroundingarea of the landfillsite. (c) Do well in water proof of surface layer of well; to prevant leachatefrom going to' well and polluting groundwater. (d) Solidwater are forbiddento be buriedto somedistance of the observationwell, for example,a scope of 15min radius,to avoid groundwaterpollution by leachategoing through observation well. (e) Under the overburdenlayer of closed landfill is 0.5m compact water proof clay layer, which can prevent rainfall from percolating landfill body. Above the cover is O.5m nutritiveclay for the landfillafforesting. Meanwhile, two rain off drainge systems,around the crest of landfilland a damn,to avoid incrementof leachesafter final close of landfill. 4.4.2.5 EngineeringMeasures to Prevent Leakage To increase landfill capacityand prevent leachatefrom polluting environment, dams are designedbe built at east, west and houth sides of the landfill. With 3.0m high and 4.Omwide at the tp. 4.4.3 Shipo Landfill of Xiangfan 4.4.3.1 Geo_ydrologi Conditions The surfae layer of landfillis top clay of mid-pleistocene(0]). The thicknessis 16- SOm. The coefficientof permeabilityclose to zero. 'Te lowerlayer is sandygravel layer of mid-pleistocene(Q0). The thickness is about 12.5cm. The coefficientof permeabilityis 0.98 m/d. Watersising capacity of boring is 013141 I/s.m. The bottom of landfillfield is Tertiary silty sand layer and clay layer, which is very thick, an quaternarydeposit basin. The landfill field locatesat the third terrace of geogydrologicalunit of pore confined aquifer. From south of it to urban area of Fan City, there are second terrace of geohydrologicalunit of pore slight-confinedaquifer, and first terrace of geohydrologicalunit of pore double meduim. Since the terrace overlap one by one, the principal aquifers of each unit are connectd each other, and form the geohydrologicalsystem of the area of Fan City. Groundwaterin the system move from NNW to SSE. The hydraulicgradient of ground water is 1/1000-3/1000. The landfill field locates at upper reaches of groundwater of this geohydrologicalsystem. Depth of groundwaterat bottom of the depression is 13.66m. The water level is 66.40m. 4-35 4.4.3.2 Impacton Groundwater 1. Pollutantsin leachate Leachate from landfillhas complex chemical composition. According to the report from existinglandfill, contents of BOD5, COD, organic carbon,and nitrogenare relativelyhigh. The followingis pollutantcontents from feasibilitystudy of the XiangfanSWM project, done by Chinese WuhanChemical Engineering Compapy: BOD5: 3500 mg/l CODcr: 6000 mg/I SS: 500 mg/I pH: 7.00-8.00 2. Predictionof GroundwaterPollution In order to study possible pollution from pollutant of leaches, the following mathematicalmodel is employed. X_ VI X+ VI C Ro Co V RI 2 2JL 2 D, 41 RID RD where: Co - initial concentration of pollutant (mg/1) V - avemgetransferring velocity of pollutant (mis) x- coefficientof dispersionat direction x, (ne/s) - detentionfactor of pollutant (no dimention) The concentrationof Zn, Pb, Cr+, Hg, COD and BOD5 in zone of aeration were calculated. Table4.4.3-1 show the calculationfor Pb, in the aeration zone. The resultsshow that during transferring of Zn, Pb, Cr6 and Hg at zone of aeration, concentationdecreases with distance, while at point of fixed distance, concentrationincreases with time passed. Heavy metal will be detainedby soil of aeration zone, and will not go into groundwater. A little amount of COD and BOD5 may have a insignificantlyeffect on water quality. 4-36 Table4.4.3-1 Distribution of Pb at Aeration Zone (mg/I) Time t(a) discance X fm) 1).5 1 2 6.4xl()' 6.4x10 '° 4 6.4x 1O' 6.4x10'° 6 6.4xlOIn 6.4xl0.. 8 6.411030 6.4xlO 'e 10 6.4xlO' 6.4xl'e 12 6.4xlO '' 6.4x10 '° 14 6.6xlO0 6.4xl0'° 16 9-16xl0| 6-4x010' 1aI.67x10 4 6.4xlO'° 20 1.07xlO0 ______ 4A.4 Huangjuawan LPndfdl of Yichang 4.4.4.1 GeohydrologicalCondition The geohydrologicalcondition is simplearound the landfill field. The bedrock only contain a little void crevicewaterinside conglomerate. The grit layer is basicallya water proof layer. Groundwaterinside bedrock aremainly wontrolled by fissure. But since fissure in bedrock of the landfillfield is unnatrued,so the charcters of permeabilityand accumulationof rock are poor. 'Me spring seldomappear. Mainaquifer in he landfil fieldis the sandygravel layerunder piled materialsof Sha River valley, and the secondis the muckysilty sand layer. The aquifer is bound of groundwater. Discoveredfrom drilling hole, groundwaterin sandy gravel layer has the characterof confined water, with water level of 0.3-0.6m, and coefficient of permeability (K) 10.0-12 m/d. Groundwaterin aquiferhas closerelation to surface water of Sha River, and is suppliedby Sha River and water from nearby brooks. The flowing direction of groundwater is basically consistentwith that of surface water. It flows from hillside to brooks and then to Sha River. The groundwaterdirection at the sandygravel aquifer of Sha River valley is basscallyconsistent with the directionof valley. The sandy goavel layer is affectedby upper muckysoil and lower water proof bedrock. The water level is relativelyhigh. The hydraulicgradient J = 0.8%. The weightedaverage coefficientof permeabilityk=4.61 mid. Averagegroundwater velocity U = 0.167 m/d. From landfill field, groundwater flow along Sha River valley to southwest, and turn to northwest near Dongiiawan,then tum to southwest at Zhuanbao zone. Groundwaterform detentionoverflow belt at Sha River village,Sha River resovior. The length of flow distance is about 1500mfrom garbagedam to Sha River village. 4-37 Geohydrologicalparameters of aquifer are listed in Table 4.4.4-1. Tab. 4.4.4-1 GeohydrologicalParameter of Aquifer Aquifer Coefficicnt of permeability Thickness Porosity _u_d) (mi) () Mucky silty sand layer 0.35 1.85(0.3-3.4) 17.5(15-20) Sandy gavel layer 11.0(10.0-12.0) I.0(O.5-1.5) 27.525-30) 4.4.4.2 Possibilityof Leachateinto Groundwater In the landfillfield, Muckysoil is used as the materialof the imperviouslayer t oprevent vertical leakagewith thicknessof 1.0-2.4m.. The peTmeabilitycoefficient of the soil is K =5x107 cmls. Assuming1/3 of the field is in use at the same time, water level difference betweengroundwater and satruatedwatr levelof the landfillis approximatelyI meter; then 32 m3ld leachateswill percolateinto groundwater,which is about 10% of leachatesproduction. If the permeabilitycoefficient of the imperviouslayer K can reach 1.OxIO7 cm/s, then the leachatewill be 6 m31d. As a good hydraulicconnection between groundwater and surface water of the Shahu River,the groundwaterdischarge to the River in dry seasion, while recharged by the River in the wet seasion. So the leachatefrom surface water to the groundwater may be the serious enviromental issue. 4.4.4.3 Impacton Groundwater (a) The Concentrationof Contamination in Leachate Since lack of practical informationof leachatefrom solid waste garbageof YichangCity, referringto domesticand internationaldata, water qualityof leachateis predistedand listed in Table 4.4.4-2. It showsthe concentrationof contaminationis relativelyhigh in the leachate. Not only organic pollutant,but also inorganicheavy metal and bacteriaof E-Coli are in the leachate. 2. Prediction of GroundwaterPollution As mentionedabove, ground water of Sha River valley is obstructedby side hills, and has consistent flow directionof surface water. Also, landfill distributedat whole width of valley, so an one dimentionalpollutant transferring potion modelwas used for the prediction The pollutionsource is consideredas point source. Choose 20 m as the width (W) of aquifer along the Sha River valley. Since groundwaterflows slowly, adsorption action of stratumto pollutantis not considered. Detention factorR= 1.0. Attentionconstant of organic pollutantis zero, while it is 0.0035 I/d for COD and BODs. 4-38 The usuagelife of landfillis about 15years. Intensityof pollutantsource 5 years after final closure will be the same as that of the operationperiod. So 20 years can be chosen for calculation. Risk period of each pollutant to each protective target can be got itf strinkingwater standard is used. Over 100 metersdownstream of the garbagedam, it is anticipatedthat no effect of Cu will be fondas the attenuationof the soli, concentrationof organic pollutant will decrease under 5 mg/Lafter reachingTanshuzui. So groundwaterat Sha River valley of Sha River village will be safe at mostof conditions. Even if specialindexes can't reach Drinking Water Standard", the multipleof standardexceeding is relativelylow. Accordingto the calculationof groundwaterpollution caused by leachate, the leachate would seriously pollutegroundwater of the Sha River valley within 300m downstream of the garbage dam, and would hardlyhaveharm to groundwaternear Sha River village. Tab. 4.4.4-2 Water Quality of Leachatefrom Sanitey Landfill of Huangjiawan Leachata pH 7.74 BOD, (mgL) IS00 CODcr (mg/L) 3000 SS(mgIL) 600 Fe (ppm) 12.4 ma (ppm) 1.87 esfrp.i 0.19 Zn(pin) 0.85 As (ppm) 0.407 Hg (ppm) 0.032 Cd (ppm) 0.017 Cr (ppm) 0.03 Pb (ppm) 0.21 E-CoIi(bed/mi) 4xI0'-4.3xl0' cdcmcas guyaddt ordor and _uts foul smeu visiMe tca YCS uirbodou nottanspart 4-39 4.4.4.4 Protective Measuresfor Groundwater (a) Before the landfill being put into use, a preper shoulder ditch system for divring overflowinto the middleof the hill shouldbe built to prevent soaking of landfill. Also, vertical curtainwall should be set up to cut off groundwater. (b) Do well in horizontalleakage proof, icludinglining and overbardenlayer. The 1-2.4 m muckysoil has perneabilitycoefficient of about 5x I 7 cm/s, and can't meet die requirement of 1.Ox107 cm/s. Also, the natural leakageproof layer is not uniform. In some places, the thicknessis less than 1 meter. This may cause trouble in the utinization of the land fill, and a detail rosk evaluationshould be carried out in the next designing hase of the project for this permeability. Middle overburden layer and final cover should be finished on time to guarentee quality. Vetegationon the final cover should be restored as soon as possible, to reduce soil erosionand adverseeffect on solid waste, while increaseevaporation and reduce productionof lechate. (c) Collecting system for leachateat the bottom should be designed and constructed carefully in order to grarantee catching and transferring of leachates in time, so that the percolatinghead and leakageof leachateto groundwatercan be reduces. Groundwatermonitoring well shouldbe set up on the surroundingarea of the landfillsite withperiodically (eg. once a month) sampling.. Becareful in using groundwaterfrom transitionsection of Lujiawanand Zhuanbao. It can only be used when the water qualitycomply with requirement. Verticalcurtain wall is plamnedto be built at upperreaches of Sha River under garbage dam founationalong longtutinalaxis of dam. As grounwaterfrom upper reaches of Sha River can be cut off grounwaterdischarge into wastewaterpond. Vertical curtain wall is to be built at lower reaches of Sha River under wastewarr dam foundaiion, and along longitudinalaxis of dan and beside wastewater pond. So polluted groundwaterwithin landfill will not flow out of the landfill field. 4.5 Impact on Social Environment and Public Healtb Implementationof the environmentalproject in Hubei Province will treat municipal wastwater 672 milliontta and solid waste 86.4 million t/a, dispose of industrialsewage 186.2 milliont/a, reduceCOD, BOD, suspendedmater, carbonblack and other pollutants 63,000 tla, decreasecement dust emission55,034 tla. Details of pollution reductioncan be seen in Table 4.5-1. Reductionof contaminantswill make contnbutionto the environmentalprotection in relevant areas, especially municipal wastewater treatment will play an important role in protectingheadwaters, improvingwater quality of lakes and tributeries, and guaranteeingthe drinking water quality for the cities. Besides, the reductionof air pollutants will improvethe qualityof regional atmosphericenvironment. In short, improvementof water and atmospheric environmenttirough the constructionof the projectwill not only benefit millions of people, but also greatly enhance the health condition of people, espercialywomen and children. 4-40 4.5.1 Drinking Water and Water Supply 4.5.1.1 Beneficialeffect The Table4.5. 1-1shows the situationsof drinkingwater and water supply in Wuhan, Huangshiand Xiangfanat the presenttime. Leveland popularizationof domesticwater intakingper capita in three proposalcities are higherthan the other cities in Hubei Province. 1,070 million tla of water is suppliedto the three cities from the Yangtse River, Hankou and East Lake, including580 million tta of domesticwater. There are 24 waterworksalrogether. Comprehensivewastewater treatment project in Wuhanis a magnificentone combining administrativeconstruction and environmentalprotection. Drainage has been improvedand expandedin projectarea Andin this way drainingcapacity has been largelyenhanced, the scrap discharge has been transformed to concentratedtreatment prior to discharge with several wastewateroutfalls. A newly-addedsewage treatment plantwill play a good foundationfor a large-scaleadvanced treatment of wastewater. With implementationof the project, almost all the pollutionsources around East Lake and 75% of the pollutionsources around Moshui Lake have been dammed, and the water has beenconsistently supplemented and replaced.So water qualityof East Lake, Moshui Lake and NantaizihuLake will be improvedin the nature of sensoryorgans and physics and chemistry etc.. the concentrationof the pollutantswill be constandy decreased, and finally the water quality will be obviously bettered. CihuLake wastewater treatment project in HuangshiCity will meet the class III of the Water Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-- 88) class B of Landscape and Enteainment Water Standards(GB12941 -93). First stage of wastewater closure in Ci Lake has brought some changes to the contmiated belt of its bank. In the lower reaches of-wastewateroutfall within200m from the bank, concentrationvalue in some parts of the bank is a bit too high. But since the waters there is the major cargo berth wharf of Huangshicity and there is no drinking water source, the impactin generalis not big. Water qualitywill be obviouslyimproved after implementationof the secondstage of the project. The implementationof wastewatertreatment project in Xiangfan will thoroughly improving the present wastewater discharging system used in industrial enterprises and residemialareas. 4-41 Table 4.5-1 Reduced Pollution Loads by the Hubei Urban Environmental Project (Unit: 1O,OOOt/a) Reductionof Pollutams Remarks Treatmeat Categories Projecls Capability COD BOD SS Dust Wastewater treatmentIn Wulian 26,900 21,300 36,000 Municipal Wastewater Wastewater Ireatnent in Huangshi 6,000 Treatment . _ _ Wastewater treatmeat in Xiangfan 34,300 82.0 108.9 Solid Waste Wuhan,HuangsWl, 86.4 (SW) Treatment capability is the total of ti Managemnet Xiangfan, Yichang four cities EzhouIron & Steel 58 (water) 428 ntinmLtCement 2,919 Gas treatment capabililies is 62,800 Industrial Yicbang Cement 2,479 Tail gas treatment capability is 36,000 Pollution Xiangfan Chemical 72.2 (water) 41 461.5 106 Capabilities is 36.000m/h Control l Erd Chemical 180(water) 223 148 920 ______------Xiangfan Phannaceutical 360 (water) 3,038 Total 678,770 (water) 3,302 21,S30 37,918 5,504 200 million people in service sector 4-42 Table4.5.1-1 WaterSaurces and Supplyln 3 Cities Cities waterIntaking Water Supply Water Sources Water Wor; s Population (um ber) Demesticwater pe Popularizationof Toialamount Waterfor Domesticwater capita(kg/d) waterincaldng (%) (10000 t) production inaing Hubei Province 1054.7 279.7 92.2 305,739 166,777 107,666 (urban) Wuban 357.0 308.9 97.8 99,228 36,146 40,249 YangiseRiver 41,4 % 4 EastLake 7.2% 3 HanRiver 41.4% 5 Huagishi 56.5 430.9 98.8 49,336 39,328 8,886 Yange River 100% 7 Xinangfan 58.0 398.2 97.9 21,753 12,234 8,460 HanRiver 100% 5 Sub-total 471.5 170,317 87,708 57,59S 24 !..o~ ~ ~ -4 The wastewaterLbffancheng District will be treatedat Yuliangzhoupre-treatment plant prior to discharge tojthe lower reachesof the Han River. Pollutionsource$ in the upper reaches of Xiangfansection of Han River will be abated, and water pollutionin someparts of the upper reacheswill le completely eliminated and benefit for municipalwater supplyof the Xiangfancity and drinkingwater sources of Xiangfancounty and Townshipin the upper reachesof Xiangyangsection of the Han River. With the industrialwastewater treatment of hubei pharmaceuticalplant will eliminate pollution belt, and improvewater qualityalong the banksof the Han River. 4.5.1.2 Adverse Effects The wastewaterdischarged from the luojialuoutfall would impact the water qualityof the drinking water source, approximately7 km downstreasmof the outfall, which have a potentailadverse effects to the healthof residentsling in the Qingshan district of Wuchang. The wastewaterdischarged from the yuliangzhoupre-treatmnent plant would cause a pollution belt in the main flow zoneof the Han River, the water quality of the Han River will be affectedfor a long reach, and thun may hav *.,otentialeffects to the health of the resitents who using the river's water as drinking water immdentely. It is recommentedthat an off-shoredischarge at the proposedLuejialu disposedsite or secondary wastewater treatmentprocess could be taken for Wuchang wastewatr pollution control, and secondary wastewatertreatment process wouldbe katen for elimiting the adverse effect to water quality of the Han River. 4.5.2 hIpact on Public Health Solid waste managementprojects in Wuhan, Huangshi,Xiangfan, and Yiclang, and wastewatertreatment projects in Wuhan, Huangshi,and Xiangfanhave solved the problemof inorganizationalexposed piling of solidwaste in proposalcities, and industrialpollution control projects in Ezhou, JingmenYichang and Xiangfan will reduce the air pollutants. Wastewater treatmentprojects provide for improvingthe drainage systemsin the three cities, intercptingthe mostpart of wasteatercurrently discharged to urban lakes and tributeries, reducing the potential carcinogens,toxic and haemfulsubstances, bacteriums and parasitesin the contaminatedwater, reducingincidence of diseasesin womenand children, and improvingpublic health conditions. 4.5.2.1 WastewaterTrea_ment Projects 1. Benefits Impactsof the relevantprojects on public health are separately explained as fcllows: It is investigatedthat runningwater in East Lake water works in Wuhan has hig mutagenisity whichis relatedto the contaminateddegree of water sources. Water replacement enginering in the East Lake will protect the drinking water sources there. Wastewater interceptionand trnent activitieswill eliminatemajor pollution sources for drinking water sources of the lake, 4144 and dammed the influxchannel of pathogenicmicroorganism and other substanceswhich is harmfulto humanbody fromthe water.Besides. With a great decreasingof nutrientin the lakes, the spreading of water bloom will be abalted. The cost of drinking water treatment will be reduced and the qualityof drinking water would be get better. It is expectedto decrease the incidencesof cancer and hypertension,and improvethe public health in the East.Lake area. It will also replace the original dispersedand open ditch discharge with centralized treatment and closed conduit discharge of wastewater, and eliminate several pollution belt cachtingthe banks. Water landscapeof East Lake, Moshui Lake, Ci Lake and tributaries in XiangfanCity willbe significantelyimproved. it will build tha a cleanerand more comfortable environmentfor the resitents. a. Reductionin DiarrhoealDisease Reduction in diarrhoeal disease, particularly in children under the age 5 years, is availablethrough a combinaionof improvementsin water supply,hygiene education and excreta disposal. Closureof open sewagedrains, and improveddrainage of sewageand stormwaterwill reducefaecal containation of urban environments,especially where low lying floodingoccurs followingheavy rain. Improveddrainage of sewageand stormwater,particularly with wastewatertreatment will reduce faecal contaminationof surface water and soil in peri-urban and suburban environments. Reductionof faecalcontaination of localenvironment will reducetransmission of faecal pathogens through dust, flies and food, and potentiallyreduce the incidenceof diarrhoea diseases, particularlybacterial diarrhoea, in both urban and peri-urbanpopulations. This will particularlybenefit children under the age of 5 years. b. Reductionin Other Water RelatedDiseases Improveddrainage of faecallycontaminated wastewater, particularly with wastewater ement, willreduce Ifecal contamination of surface waters in peri-urbanand suburbanareas. and has the potential to reduce the incidence of typhoid fever and hepatitis A in those populations- Wastewatertreatment will reducefecal contaminationin urban lakes and tributeries,and potentiallyprotect the populationsof rural townsfrom outbreaksof typhoidfever due to use un- treatmentof contaminatedriver water. Reductionof these infectionswill primarilybenefit older children and young adults. c. Reductionin IntestinalHelminths and Parasites Wastewatertreatment has particularlyeffectivenes in controllinghelminth and parasite infection. Studies have shown up to 70 percent reductions. Improvementsin wastewater drainage and reducedfaecal contamination of the peri-urbansurface wate has the potentialto reduce intestinal parasitism both in peri-urban dwellers, and urban consumers of peri-urban produce. d. Improvementof Nutrite Situation 445 .1::: It ispossible that reductionin fhecalcontamination of urbanand peri-urbanenvironments will reduce exposureto pathogensin youngchildren, and result in improvementsin growth. 2. PotentialAdverse Effects With the water replacementengineering, It is possible that the schistosomulumbe inducedto the East Lake from the YangtseRiver. In accordancewith an investigationthat up to now oncomelaniaand schistosomiehave not been foundyet in East Lake,Nanhu Lake, Moshui Lake and HougongLake. However,they have been found in many parts of Yangyuanback scarp and beach, Baishazhou,Mucaichang, Tianxingzhouin HongshanDistrict infected with schistomiasisalong the YangtseRiver. In the autumnof 1992,3072 patients were foundout in YangyuanDistrict of Wuchang, and 1604of themwere acutely infected. Since the water supplementand intake section is a epidemicareas, schistosomesmight be brought into East Lake. Great attention should be paid to this issue. Possiblesolutions might be to intake the water from the main folw zone of the YangtzeRiver. At the sametime, preventionof schistosomiasisshould be strengthened.It is importantto wipe out orcomelania in the spring, cure the disease in the autumn, break off spreadingways of schistosomiasisand put an end to sucha diseaseso as to guaranteethe health of the people living around the lakes. 4.5.2.2 UrbanSolid Waste Managementprojects At present, the ways of solid waste collectionin the four cities are backward. Quite a largeamount of solidwast is accumulateduncovered. In some authorizedsolid waste collecting points, solid waste are thrown absent-mindedly,not only leading to the birth of flies and mosquitoesand odor, but also makingit easier for the spreading of diseases.the air pollution causedby the spreadingof dust during the operationof transfer stations, the odor from rotted materialsof solidwaste, materialsblown up by wind. and the solid waste droppedby trucks in u~nsporanonhave endagered dte healthof urbanresidents. The implementationof the projects will change the ways of solid waste collection, the sitaton of serious shortage and backwarduessof facilities,thus preventingthe birth of flies and mosquitoes,rat hazard, and spread of diseasescaused by the uncoveredpiling up of solid waste. With the implementation of the projects,solid waste will be collectedand transferredin closedways. Those will reduce the unhealthypsychological effect on residents,the stimulationon senseorgans and the rate of diseasespreading caused by solid waste. The implementationof the projectsin the citieswill improvethe presentoperation system of solid waste collection; establish new systems of classified collection and direction transportation,which will meet the requirementsof the developmentof moderncities; greatly improvethe capabilityof solidwaste collection and transportation;reduce the intensityof labor; preventodor, dust, leachatein solid waste accumulationand collection;reduce the dirty water spreadingon the steet causedby the blockagesin the drainpipesin rainy season;ensure the solid waste being cleanedout every day; solve the problemsof environmentalpollution from solid waste; improvethe sanitationin the urban areas thoroughly. 4.5.2.3 IndustrialPollution Control. Projects IPC projectsin four proposal cities provide for the elimilationof air pollution and 446 ' ' 'i:*industrial wastewamrpolludon caused by heavypolluted enterprises. With the waste gas treatment components,the toxicand harmfulgas, such as dust, NO,, SO, and fluoride etc, emitted by the enterpriseswill be abalted with end-pipe treamentor clean-process. The industrial wastewater containing cyanogen, phenol and nitrobenzeneetc. will be treated the discharged toxic and harmfulsubstances will be greatly reduced. It will be benefitto reciving water bodies and the resitentslive around the urban lakes or river banks using the untreatedwater as drinkingwater immitentely,or live on the surroundingarea of the plants. It will also be benefit to the workers workingin the plants. With the relocationprojects of the two cement plants, the existing pollution caused by the plants in the urban areas with a high density of populationwill be abalted. The resitentes living on the surroundingarea of the existing site would get a clear, peace and quiet living condition.The interferingwith the traffic from the raw materialand production transprotations will be also removed. As a newly techenicalprocess are used, the impacts on the resitentes livingon the surroundingareas of the new sites are insignificanL Fluorideand industrialdust emittedfrom Xiangfan Chemical Plant affects life and health of the residentsnearby. The plant inquired542 peopleand investigatedthe following itemssuch as dust on courtyard and furniture, influenceon drying clothes, bad smell, sensation of skin stimuli,dryness of nasalcavities and throats,and headachesetc. Investigationresults shows that the average rate of being affected amounts to 37%. Implementationof the comprehensive treatmentproject of the plant will reducea great deal of the discharge quantity of the pollutants, and a significant benefit to the health of the resiretesand employeeliving on the surrounding area of the plant will be provided. The benefitto the public health by the projectsare summarizadbelow: ReductionEmosure PotentialCarcinogens and Toxins:Currently, drinking water sources haveincreasing levels of organic materialand industria chemicalsresulting from the discharge of large amounts of untreated wastewater into river sources.Reductionin levels of organic- materialand chemicalsin rivers from improvedwasewater treatmentfwillbring the following healthbenefits: Reductionin orgic loadon water treatmentplants. esulting in reduced use of chlorine and productionof potentiallycarcinogenic chlorinated organics. Reductionin exposureto heavy metals and industrialchemicals currently in wastewater ftom industrialpollution. Cancer, liver, renal and reproductiveorgan diseases can result from exposureto these chemicals.Reduction in contaminationof water supplies by these chemicals will benefit all the population, as contaminationof water leads to contaminationof soil and hencefood. 4.5.3 Inpact on Agriculture and FLshing Wasewater treatmentwill improvewater environment,enhance the qualityand economic and ediblevalue of the bred-fish,reduce or eliminatethe damageand contaminationof the toxic and harmfulsubstances like heavy metals towardsthe fish. It will directly or indirectlyprotect the edible fish and people's health. 447 Completionof the comprehensivetreatment project of the XiangtanPlant will enable wastewaterinflux into the municipalsanitation from the plant. The first vegetable growers benefitedfroi4i the project livingin both sides of the first sewageditch will grow vegetablesof fine quality with losses decreased and economic income increased. At the same time contaminationto the cropson bothsides of DalugouDitch and XiaoqingStream will be reduced and the output will be increased. However,there are also someunfavorable impacts for the project. For example, on one hand the improvementof nutrition in East Lake brought by the sewageclosure project will reducethe contaminationof toxic and harmful substancesand pathogenicmicroorganisms, on the other hand the fishing output of the East Lake will be decreased,since the ba;t will be influencedby the influxof nutritionalsalt like nitrogenand phosphorus,and the quantitiesof organismswill be reduced because of the decrease of the nutrition. So it will bring some unfavorableimpacts on raising bred-fish(especially silver carps and variegatedcarps). But this can be solved through regulation of bred-fish varieties to enhance the fish quality and compensatethe economiclosses. 4.5A Impact on Tourism and Landscape Wastewaterinterception and treatment, solid waste disposal,relocation of the cement plantsand comprehensivetreatment of the chemical plantsand iron-steelplant in the six cities willgreedy improve the municipalenvionment of publichealth, reduce the unfavorableimpacts of the solid wastEand wastewateron people's life, give the cities a completelynew look, and promotemunicipal development and tourism. WastewaterTreatment Project in Wuhan will change the-water quality and landscape, improve natural look of the lakes, eliminate 'sensational pollution", give full play to the entertainingand touring functionsof the water in regulatingpeople's life, and have an obvious socialbenefit for fishingand tourism. 4.5.5 Employment The tomalinvestment on the wastewatertreatment projects of the three proposal cities is 1.51 billion yuan. The construction period is 5 years - Approximately300 million yuan investmentis accomplishedeach year and the averagecost for each wokers is 10,000 yuan per year, then more than 30,000 workers are needed at the site each year and employement opportunitiesare providedfor the sociaty.The largeamount of the cubitmeter of earth and stone createdby the constructionof the trunk sewrge and wastewatertreamnent plants also provided favorableoppormnities to rural surpluslabors. During the operationpriod, several hundred persons will involve in the management activitiesof the wastewaterpump stationsand treatmentplants. 4-48 4.6 Impact on EcologicalEvironment 4.6.1 Impact on Aquatic Ecosysten 4.6.1.1 WastewaterTreatment Projects The effectof wastewatertreatment projects in Wuhan,Huangshi, Xiangfan on the aquatic ecologicalenvironment is showed in the improvementof the aquatic ecological environmentfor the current receptive water body (municipal lakes & tributarys) and the potentially disadvantageousimpact on the aquaticecological environment of the prospective receptivewater body t YangtzeRiver, Han River, Nanhu Lake). With the wastewaterinterception, the nutrientsalt and other pollutantsentering municipal lakessuch as East Lake, MuoshuiLake in Wuhan, and Ci Lake in Huangshi will be obviously reduced. It can be forecastedthat the eutrophicationfor these lakes will be improvedand theaquaticecological environment will begraduallyrestored . While wastewaterdischarged into YangtzeRiver, Han River and other waterbodys,tie enviromnentof the offshorewater and benthonsmay be affectedsince only less amountof the wastewateris treatedsecondary treatment, and the most is treated through the pretreatmentand primarytreatment in whichthe nitrogenand phosphorusare nearly not reduced. 1. Benefitto the AquaticEcosystem of the East Lake and the MuoshuiLake With the wastewaterinterception in Wuhan,the total pollution load entering East Lake is cutoff.Based on the feasiblitystudies, the totlI quantityof wastewaterintercepted at East Lake is 54.82x106mT/a with total phosphorusquantity of 54.89 tla, total nitrogen quantityof 604. 39 t1a, BOD5 quantityof 3461.7 tla; the total quantiy of wastewater interceptedat Muoshui Lake is 29.63xIO' m3/a with the total phosphorusquantity of 76 tla, total nitrogenquantity of 1454t/a . Afterthe inteception, the nutrient salt loadfrom external resoures will be reduced. the excessgrowth of algea suppressed,the amountof chlorophyll-amuch reduced, meanwhile the ransparency wifl be increased. (a) The changesof Total PhosphorusConcentration After the interceptionof the nutrient salt sources into the lake. the importantfactor influencingthe eutrophicationmay be the phosphorusrelease from sedimenL The uniformmixed model is adopted to estimatethe changeof total concentrationof phosphorus in lake after the interception. V (dc/dt) =Q,,.C,, - Q.C + A (R-S) where: V - lake volume; C - nutrient concentation; Qin - inflow; Qout - outflow; Cin - nutrient concentration of the inflow;- A - bottom area: R - releasedconcentration of sedimentnutrient; 449 S - resuspended rate of sediment. The estimatedresults are listed in Table 4.6.1-1 based on the above formula. Table4.6.1-l EstimatedConcentration of TP in the EAst Lake with the Project I Time(Year) I I I0 TP (mgtn) 60.00 32.10 25.80 24.04 In the caculation,the TP concetrationof 0.01 mg/rn5 is assumed,the initailconcentration of TP is 0.1 mg/mn,3 the phosphousrelease rate for sedimentationand settlementrame ( R-S )=0.07 mglm3d. It is shownthat the restoreof aquaticecological system would need more than ten years time exceptthe sedimentationexcavation be considered. (b) The Good Cycle AmongHydrophyte, Planktonand Benthosin East Lake When a large amount of sewage is cutoff, the excess nutrient salt will enter the lake body, the water qualitywill be obviously improved, the excess growth-of algea will be gadually suppressed,the biologicaldiverse indexsof ecologicalsystem will be increased, the structure of hydrophytegroup will change, the hydrophytecoverage rate will gradually be increased,the stinksmell along lale willbe removed,the numberof benthos in lake will slowly increase,the groupsprone to fresh water will graduallyreplace the pollution resistantgroups . (c) AquaticEcosystem of the Moshui Lake The 90 percentaround the lake is urban area, there is not basicallynatura vegetaion, fte laklewater is browngreen or blachishgreen, the water quality has belongedto the extreme veutrphication. Wih the sewagecutoff treatment and introducing the fresh water into the lake, the nutrient salt input will be largely reduced , the nutrition of the lake water must be improved,the good cycleamong hydrophytes, plankton, benthos, microorganism,and between the nutrition excrementand the release must be also improved.However , the lake has been under the extreme eutrophication,the sediment nutrientwill gradually be released after the externalload cutoff, so the restore of the lake ecologymay undergofor long time. 2. Impacton AquaticEcology of the Nanhu Lake Nanhulake is a culturewater body. With the projectthe wastewatercurrently discharged to the East Lake willbe drainegedto the Nanhu lakeafter the primary treatment. the nutriem inthe municipalwastwater may havethe temporalaccelerating the fulnctionon culture fishery in the Nanhu lake. However,the long term input of nitrogen,phosphorus and other nutrition would lead to the eutrophicationof the Lake, and the LAke may lose the existingbeneficial functions. Currently,the detailedquantitive study has not been done. Baseedon the experience, the eutrophicationof the Nanhu Lake is unavoidableas a large amount of domesticsewage is dischargedto the Lake. In general, the primary trearment.haven't ability to remove nutrient in wastewater. 4-50 The influencedegree to the aquatic ecosystemat Nanhu Lake depends on the duration of the primary treatmentstrategy adopted. 3. The Impactof Water Supplement-Engineering The watersupplement engineering for the East Lake will bring the beneficialeffect and adverse effects, these include: * Keep the water amount balance and lake leve; in order to prevent the gradual deterioration caused by losing exess water, and supply the enough water for the fisheryand agricuture irrigation. * Supplyand exchangewater continuously to accelaratethe improvmentof water quality and the removal of total eutrophication.The domestic& foreign experiencesindicate that the lake restore speed can be greatly increased,if the water supply and sediment removal are carried out at the same time. - The impactof silt from the water supplementengineering is dealt with as follows: The watersupplement engineering at East Lake includesthe scheme of gravel settlement, after the project,the amountof mud& sand containedby the inflow water is 0.03 kg/m 3 . Based on the designexchange amount of 54.87millian m3/a, assuming that grains of sand in water are completely settled, the amount of mud and sand brought from the annual water exchange is about 1646t, the volume is about 1093 m3, occupying only 1.2/10000 of east lake volume 3 (94.18 millian m with water leve 121.05 m), it is clear that there is not the problem of silt sediment. 4. Benefitto Ecosystemof the Cihu Lake (5) Eutrophication The nutrient load withinthe servicearea of the intended sewage collectionsystem is shown in the Table 4.6.1-2 . Table 4.6.1-2 The Nutrient Load within the Service Area of the Chengiiawan Sewage CollectionSystem Servioe Area Wastewater TP TN SS Timle (10' person) (10* M3/d) (kgJd) (kgfd) (OWld) Existng 19.0 15.24 144.32 2417.77 F 2000 23.0 19.02 18&69 3016.66 1016.66 * The sewage cuwoffdesign amount is 204,500 m'Id in the fis term cluding the sewage penetaiion amount 14,300 meld. A predictionmodel for eutrophicationis employedas follows: p=X{1-R,) 4* z 4-51 Where: Lp - area load P - average concentration of total phosphorus(mg/1) Rp -- retard coefficent of total phosphorus(T/a) -hydraulic retention coefficient(1/a) The caculatedresults of the nutrient index changeare given in Table 4.6.1-3. Table 4.6.1-3 The Nutrition Concentrationof the Cihu Lake with and without the Projectt Totat TOtal Tota chbro- Transr- Pbmphm lPospmhs Pospho phyI erlc cot errazio Surie Load load (a) ('OW Wm2 . a) (mn.a) (mg/me) (m). anCeMT 3.64 0.983 3.64 14.3 0.4305 Witpou 2000 0.182 .55 4.542 163.79 0.29 forcast 0.027 0.23 0.109 10.32 ).9 Withproject sarim= releas 0.00035 0.0003 0.00038 + 1.99 -0.21 _ supeposino 0.0305 2.0408 0.97 12.31 1.69 *1: Takingdte modcte nutrientype valz as de refemanc. e1 he vales of sedvm reklasea sbason the aveage cocetian value of dre sedim phosphorus rekaseby Huei Evirnl Proeto Insite The table 4.6.1-3 indicate that at the year 2000, the total phosphorus o ation *representingthe important limit factor of eutrophicaion would increase by 25% before the sewage cutoff, decrease by more than 79% after the sewage cutoff. The transparencywould increasefrom 0. 43 tD 1.69m,the amountof chlorophyll(a)also decrease to 12.31 mg/m 3 which is fundamentallyclose to moderate nutrienttype. the eutrophicationdegree of the lake will be significantelyreduced with the project. (2) The Factors RestrainingMarsh Phenomenon Becauselarge amount of suspendedsolids is discharged into and settled near the point source, the marsh phenomenonnear drainage outfall is gradually serious. Acoording to the statistics, Ci Lale is lost by near 0.1 kma2 yearly, It is estimated that only 7.0 lank is remained after 2000 year. Therefore, about 9,222 tons suspendedsolids is interceptedby year with the project, which may effectivly restrain the continuousextension of marsh phenomenon. (3) The Impacton Aquatic EcologicalEnvironment Based on the water quality prediction, the eutrophicationin the Cihu Lake will be controled with the project With the dsecrease of eutrophication degree, the amount of chlorophyt and cyanophyta will be kept comparativelystable and gradually reduced. The popullationof algea will increase, thexanthophyta,pyrrophyta, chrtopyta adaptable for clean 4-52 water will occur. The totalamount of zooplanktonwill correspondelydecrease, especiallythe, protozoonamount will decrease, the biologicalproperty of total water.body will increase,the ecologicalenvironment will be restored. (4) The Impacton FisheryEcological Environment After the project, the marsh phenomenonwill be restrained, fish has a better habitat environmcnLHowever, with the decreaseof sewageamount and the nutrition in water body, the total amount of zooplanktonand phytoplanktonwill decrease, which will affect the bait of rich water fish and reduce the product of rich water fish. It is estimated that the types and amount of fish will all change. (5) The Impacton Aquadc Ecosystemof the YangtzeRiver In Wuhan, the mostof wastewatercurrently discharged to the East Lake and the Moshui Lake in Hanyang District will be dischargedto the YangtzeRiver after treated with primary treatmentprocess and pre-trment process. The hydrauliccondition at the Luojialudrinage outfall and Nantaizi Lake drainage outfallwith the deep water, fast current and high dilution& dispersioncapacity are preper for wastewater disposal. The forecasted results of pollutant concentration indicates that the disclhrged wastewater can be quicklydiluted and dispersed. With the primary and secondarytreatment, the suspended solids, especially coarse particles, will be obviouslyreduced. Therefore, the quantity of particulate sediment near drainageoutfall is very limited.It is estimatedthat the ecologicalenvironment near drainage outfall will be not obviouslyaffected in short time . The available biological& geologicalinvestigation results for Wuhan section in the Yangtze River indicat that the pollution resistantbenthos has not been found at the river section near drainageoutfall . 6. The Impacton AquaticEcosystem of the Han River There are the positiveand negativeeffects of wastewatertreatment project in Xiangfan on the aquatic ecosystemof the Han river. The positive effect is that the ecosystemof the rbuteis of the Han River(Xiangfansection) and the waters near the shore of Han River will be improved, the negative effect is that an large amount of sewage with simple treatnent is concentratededlydischarged to the Han river, which may cause a discruption to aquatic ecosystem. (1) Impact On Plankton _ With the improvementof water quality along shore after the project, the plankton popullation will correspondingly change, for die biocenosium, the chlorophyta and bacillariophytawill dominatein phytoplankton,the diversityand amount of benthosalong die shallowwater ranges and at the branchof north tributarywill increase . The habitatenviromnent for the previousplankton in pollution zone will be destroyed, the speclesof biota will be reduced, the interactionamong of biota will also be decreased,the amount of pollution resistantpopulation will increase. Therefore, the diversity of biota in pollution zone will be less. Althoughpollution occur in local waters, there is no obvious 4-53 influence becauseof great exchangeamount of water, fast substition speed and less kinds;of phywoplanktonin the Han river.. (2) Impacton Fish Resources The wastewatedischarge will affect the fish habitat environment for the lower down reaches of the wastewateroutfall. however,the width of river occupied by the pollutionzone may not be large, It will not cause the great impacton fish migration. (3) Impacton Fish Propagation Amongmost kinds of economicfish in Han River,the floatingspawn is dominant.From the currentspawning situation for the waters,we can learn that Tangbai River makesup 56.3%, there is the great possibilityfor fry to flow into the pollutionzone. If the spawn and fry enter the high pollutionwates, it will lead to the retard growth of unhatchedembryo and occurrence of malformationfry. Therefore,the implementof the engineeringwill produce some impacton fish propagation. (4) Impactof Silt Sedimenton AquaticEcology With the concentratedwastewater discharge through pretreatment, there will be some unremovabledepositional suspension that is dischargedinto Han River accompanyingwith the wastewater. The silt sediment near the drainage outfall will change the previous habitat environmentof benthosand produce some impacton the kinds and amount of benthos. (5) MitigationMeasures It is proposedthat the secondarytreatment engineering should be implementedas early as possible.With the implementof secondarytreatment work, most of sedimentand suspension may be removed, the adverseeffect causedby silt sedimentmay be effectivelyreduced. According to the water qualitymodelling, With a secondary treatmentprocess, Water quality of the Han Rivercould meet the class 1Isuadard of GB3838-88. 4.6.1.2 SolidWaste ManagementProjects Solid waste managementprojects will produce the beneficial effects to the quatic ecological environmentwithin the service area. the non-pointpollution sources in urban area will be decreased. In general, the pollutionload in urban area makes up 60% of the nutrients load for lakes.There is a amountof COD, total phosphorus,suspension, heavy elements and odter dangeousmaterials in the urban runoffs during heavy rainning. The concentrationof the pollutants is closely relatedto street sweep and garbagepiles. The implementof the projects will reduce the pollutionloads currently drainage to the Fu River, the Cihu Lake, and the tributeries in Xiangfanurban area causedby surface runoff. 4.6.1.3 IndustrialPollution Control Projects 1. Beneficial effects of the industrial wastewater treatment components of Hubei PharmaceuticalChemical Plant r S4-5 The waste water dischargedby Hubei Pharmaceuticalplant includes the poisonous organicmaterials such as nitrobenzene,nitrophenol, et al. besidesconventional pollutants. The biologicalinvestigation for the directedownstream of the discharge point shows that the aquatic environment within the 100 meters at the loWer reaches of the outfall has been seriously contaminated.Compared with the servey at upstreamof the Han river, the kinds of protozoon and Margalerdiverse indexeshave the obviousdifferances with the area of about 500-600n; With the treatment for the pharmaceutic waste water, the discharged amount of nicrobenzeneand nitrophenolwill be largely reduced. Under the existing hydrauliccondition duringthe dry season,the existingpollution belt caused by the dischargedwastewater from the plant will be elimilted. The impactof the pharmaceuticwastewater is limited in the zone ofthe outfall. 2. Benefitsof the Coking WasteWater Treatment of Ezhou Iron &Steel Plant At the presenttime, the cokingwastewater contining cyanogenaz 1d phenol is dischargedto the YangtzeRiver. Accordingto the monitorringat the outlet of industrialwastewater effluent in 1994, the average wastewaterflow directly to the Yangtze River was 2,845.8 m3Id, the concentrationsof volatilephenol and cyanidewere 2.55mg/Iand 2. 14mg/l reptctively, with the highest values of 3.51 mg/I and 1,014mg/l, which exceeded the permit standardswith 4-5 times. Phenolmay restrain photosynthetic acton and enzymeactivity, which obstrutsvegetable function, destroysthe formationof vegetablegrowth term . With an amountof wastewater containing cyanogen !nd phenoldischarged in long term, it is unavoidablethat the aquaticecosystem environment near the drainage outfall is affected. With the treatmentfor the cokingwasewater, the dischargedvolatile phenol, cyanideand petroleumwill be redudedby 70% to 80 % as the estimation. the adverse impact of the coking wastewater on the aquaticecosystem of the YangtzeRiver will be abalted. 4.6.2 Terrestrial EcologicalEnvironment 4.6.2.1 Solid Waste Managenent Projects The impactof the municipalsolid waste managementprojects on terrestrial ecosystem may ocuured both in the constructionand operation phases of the sanitary landfills. The major impact of the solid waste landfills on the vegetationand agriculturearound the landflls is the changeof landutilization property. The existingfish pond, orchard, vegetable land, partof forest, minorshrubbery will disappear.The substitutionis the landfillsand various accessary facilities. The great change will occur for the measures and performanceof land utilization, ecologicalscenery . According to the generalprinciple for the site selection, sanitary landfillswouldn't be locatedat the ecologicalfragile zone of naturalprotection area. Therefore, the disadvantageous influencewill not be brought by the constructionfor the local ecosystems. The possible impactsof the sanitarylandfill on soil may appear on two aspects, one is that the scrapes rising in air will cause the impact on around soil during the refuse transport 4-55 process.the secondis that duringthe refusepile up, the rain pouring and leachatewill cause the impacton the undergroundof landfilland aroundsoil. For the Jinkou sanitarylandfill and Xisaisanitary landfill, with the water sprayingand moving railing capture, the afforestingaround landfills, et al., the impact is fundamentally limited within the scope of landfills. Huangjiawan landfill lies in the valley, with the separation by mountains, die soil pollution may be centralied at the inlet. During the refuse pile up, the scouring may produce the impact on the soil and subground. At the landfillarea, the correspondingmeasures of the penetratior.prevention is adopted in the designs, throughthe water conductingsystem the leachateis dischargedto the leachate treatmentplant . The impact of constructionactivity on the terrestrial ecosystemaround the landfill is mainly the earth excavationand the dust in earthwork . The earth excavationand pile up will makethe vegetationand surfacesoil disappearand destroyed completely.The landfill area itself is occupied by landfill body, the surface soil within the requiredareas occupied by refuse pile up or other accessory facilitiesis dug out and speciallyremained. Once the earth for cover is used up, the previous surfacesoil is refilled to speedup the restoreof the soil and vegetationecological system. The earth pile up will produce the hillockshape pile and will form the dust fly point of wind erosion, therefore, the selection of earth pile locationshould be at the downwindof the site or side. If at the upwind, the surface compactand spayingfrequently should be adoptedto prevent the dust fly with wind. Theselection of the constructiontime for the fundamentallayer is very imporant. The constructionin windy & rainy seasoncan causethe disadvantageouseffect on environment In windyseason, the dust fly willpollute air & farmland,increase dust deposition.In rainy season, the waterlose and landerosion can be caused,for the constructionof fundanental layer, there is more adverseeffect . In the feasibilitiesand pre-designingfor the intendedconstruction sanitary landfills, the problem of top sealed is all considered. The excavation and storage soil in the primary constructionmay be used for the fill- back topsoil. This is the condition required by vegetation recovery.The investmentrequired by the vegetationrecovery is also drawn up. Therefore, the vegettion and landscapewill be expectedto be recoverd after the closure. 4.6.2.2 IndustrialPollution Control 1. The comprehensiveenvirommental treatment project of the Echeng Iron & Steel Plant The main air pollutantsemmiued by the plant are suphur oxide, fluoride, smog and power dusL These pollutantshave the direct and indirect impact on vegetation,the former functionsthrough leaves and the later thlroughsoil & water body pollution.The obstructionfor plant growthcaused by annosphericpollution have the visible and invisiblereactions. Based on the concentrationdifferances of atmosphericpollutants, the visible reaction may be divided into the acute harmthat is showedthe poisoningsympton with yellow leaves, withering,bad growth 4-56 : i:undilessproduction, and the slow harm. The invisiblereaction is showed that the plant growth * mis slowed downand the resistantcapacity to plant diseases& insect pests is reduced. After the x.t.uimplementof the reconstructionengineering, with the enhancementof technicaland economic 11".indexes by the equipmentwith smoke purification system and improvementof smoke emmission method, the concentrationof pollutants in the atmosphericenvironment within the evaluation area will be largely decreased.The contributionvalue of TSP will be reduced 93.5%- 98.5, with NOx 57.1-82.6% and CO 46.2-89.6% The emissionof HF is also reduced. These wiil be benefit for the plant growth and the enhancement of production & quality of agriculturalproduct. After the project, the air quality at Xishan landscapewill be significantlyimproved, which is favourableforthe good cycle of the ecological system at Xishan landscape, the protectionof the faurmand flora, alleviationof the erosion ofatmosphericpollutants on cultural relics. 2. The relocationengineering of Jingmen/YichangCement Plants Jingmencement central plant and Yichangcement central plant will be movedfrom the urban areas. Around the intended sites there are not natural protection areas and ecological sensitiveareas, but farmland.According to the pollutionfactor analysis, the main effect of the relocation projects on terrestrialecosystem is the impact of powder dust emitted on soil , the landscape destruction caused by mining and water lose & land erosion. When cement dust enter soil, there will be a series of chemical, physical, biological structure changeswill occurring,and bring some benefitsto soil. The soil within the evalluationarea is brown earth and moisture soil with low nutrient components. There are poisoningelements such as Cd, Cu, Zn , As et al.. However, their amount is much less at they will not cause the disadvantageouseffect on soil . There are varioussilicates and sodium, calcium ions.that can nutralizethe acidity and alkalinity of soil when absorbedby soil colloid. On encountering with water the sodium and calcium in dust will be ion state, which can be absorbed by soil, making the soil move to alkaline. The elementsSi, S, Al and others may get soil alkaline in short time. Through the percolationaction for longtime, the aciditymove- of soil is benificialfor various yellowsoil and brown soil with slight acidity in short time, but IL will cause little impact in long time . The topsoil within the evaluation area is generally loose, when the cement dust is deposited on it, there are thin layer hard shell formedwith differrent thickness.With the land cultivation, irrigation,rainfall scouring, the cementdust will be settled and may nor cause the obvious destructionon the soil structure . 3. The Impactof mineralexploiting on ecologicalenvironment The impactfrom miningon environmentis the dust, noise, quake causedby explosion and detachedwaste earth and stones and others. Among these, the effects from the pile up of broken stones, noise and quakeon environmentare significant. Most of the current mining methodsfor limestonemine are backwardwith the mining and transportingby people. 4-57 The noise and quake caused by rock drill, explosioncan all produce the effect on the aroundwild animal. As the investigationinformation about the wild animal in the area has not beencollected, it is difficultto determinethe impacton the wild animal. Becausethe quarry has beenoperated for manyyears, it is estimatedthat mostof the affected wild animal has migarated Duringthe quarrying,the strippingof surface coverageand the pile up of broken stones may all producewater lose and earth erosion. 4.7 Effects of Sludge, Odor and Noise 4.7.1 Wastewater Treatment Process and Operation of Facilities In the operationphase of the municipal wastewatertreatment facilities, the principal adverseeffects are sludge,odor from wastewatertreatment plants and pump stations, and noise caused by facility operation. 4.7.1.1 Sludge Disposal The compositionof sludge has close relation to characteriesof wastewater. In the three proposal cities, the plants distributeat different districtsof the cities and different types of industrialwastewater are gatheredby each wastewatercollection systems. So the composition of sludge will change with the character of waste from different districtsand the process of wastewater treatmentand the contentsof heavy metal and other hazardoussubstances in the sludge will also be different. Accordingto feasibilitystudy of each subproject,the sludge from Wuchang municipal wastewater treatmentplant will be stabled by lime, and buried at landfills after drying. The screenings and disiltings from Chenjiawanwastewater pre-treaunent plant of Huangshi and Yuliangzhouwastewater pre-treatment plant of Xiangfanwill be treated at landfills. 1. Analysisof Quantityand Compositionof Sludge (1) Wuhan Sludge mainly come from drying sludge of waist treatment plant. The output and moisturepercentage are listed in Tab. 4.7.1-1 Tab. 4.7.1-1 Outputand MoisturePercentage of Sludgefrom Waist Treatment Plant Plant Shamu ErLangmiao L|ngwagzi tama West Hankou Ouqu (i 3 /h) 5.41 T 9.2 unesmated Moisture 82 73 Pernge (%) Pre-treatmentprocess is to be used in West Hankouand Nantaizihuwastewater treatment 4-58 plants. So the sludge output weren't estimated. Contentof hazardouswastes in sludge is determinedby compositionand concentration of hazardouspollutants in wastewater,and also relatedto methodof adsorptionand accumulation time. The existingShahu wastewatertreatment plant mainlytreates domesticsewer (75 % of totolwastewater capacity). Compositions of sludge listed in Tab. 4.7.1-2, which are cxamined by AgriculturalTesting Centre of Hubei AgriculturalScience Institute. Tab. 4.7.1-2 Analysisof Sludge from Sha Lake Wastewater TreatmentPlant Unit: mglkg | Poh TP 1 TN 1 Cu- 7|n" lCrt j Cd+' IHC l Conc 10300 1300 105.3 543 57.55 0.57 .065 The compositionof sludge from the wastewatertreatment plant which mainly treat industrial wastewater is hard to determine before survdy of the source and content of the wastewater. (2) Xiangfan The coarserack is constructedwith pump station. It's cleaned by mechanicalmethod. The screeningsare gathered into head flumeand finally transportedto comminutor, and then reurn tO influentand go into fine rack house. So the screeningsare mK'nlyaccumulated at fire rack house. The output of wet screeningis 50 m3/dbased on data of preliminarydesign. With sedimentationof the influentat aeratedgrit chamber;the dilsItingsgo into separator for sand and water. The estimated quantity of dewatered grit is 44 t/d. Mainremovals after preliminarytnunent of rack and grit chamberare large skimmings and grits. Since the wastewaterdetention time is short, the outputof sludge is small and mixed with grits. Although the industrial wastewateris the main part of the municipal wastewater in Xiangfan. with the industrial wastewatertreatment by the plant's owners, the hazardous contaminationssuch as heavymetal, surface reactive agent, strong acid and alkaline will reduce greatly. So contentof hazardouswaste amongscreening and grits will not high. (3) Huangshi The treatmentprocess of Chenjiawanwastewater preliminary treatmentplant of Huangshi is fundamentallysame as that of Yuliagzhouwastewater preliminary treatnent plant of Xiangfan. The municipalwastwater is also mainlyconsist of the industrialwastewater. It's estimated the outputof wet screeningsis about 19.6 m3/d and dewateredgrits 17.2 ttd. 2. Impact of Sludge Disposal (1) According to the feasibilityreport of Wuhan wastewatertreatment project, the sludge from wastewatertreatment plant will be stabled by lime, and be buried to landfill after dewauring.By this method,the harmof parasiteand pathogencan be avoidedand the pollution 4-59 of heavymetal to agriculturalenvironment can also be avoided.The odor of unstablesludge can be releasedand the dust, odor and seepage of wastewaterproduced through sludge transportation canalso be prevented.But the sludgevolume is relativelylarger by this kind of disposal, so the quantityand cost of transportationand landfill will increase. Adverse effect on surrounding environmentwill appear if discardwilfully caused by impropermanagement. To treatsludge by lime fixingmethod must strengthen management, such as formulating rationalplan ot transportationand piling, programminglong term landfill site (over 200 -300 m3/d dewateredsludge for 5 plannedplants), and monitoringperiodically. (2) Use sludge as farm fertilizer is a traditionalmethod of sludge disposal for local wastewatertreatment plant. During the operation of existing Shahu wastewater treatment plant last year, the dewateredsludge were transportedto GardensBureau of East Lake, and used as fertilizer for afforesting.an eveluationwas madebythe local institute.Althogh most part of the pollutant contents (exceptZn) of the dewateredsludge from Shahu wastewatertreatment plant camply with the standardsof 'Pollutant ControlStandard of Sludgefor Farming' (GB 4284-84). The differenceof sludge composition,sludge shouldbe carefully analysedbefore used as fertilizer to avoid farm pollution or effects of odor during transportationand wastewater seepage. The sludgegenerated by wastewatertreatment plants in Wuchangarea will be disposed to an existinglandfill located in HongshanDistrict of Wuchang.It will minimizedthe impact of odor and traffic discruptionby a short nansferdistance. (3) Screeningsfrom Yuliangzhoupreliminary treatment plant of Xiangfanwill be treated togetherby municipalgarbage treatment unit. The grits remainat the island for landfilland tree planting.Screenings from Chenjiawanwastewater preliminary treatment plant of HuangshiCity wiil be ransporedto pilingarea. Sludgewill be used as fertilizerafter drying in the sun, As no detailifonmaion about the sludgetreatment be found in the feasibilitystudy reportof the two cities, the followingenvironmental problems which will be aware of their appearanceare offeredfor referenceof the engineeringdesign units: * effectof odor, wastewaterseepage and screeningslosing during transporation * disinfectionof screeningsand disiltingsbefore landfill/piling * impacton surface water and groundwater from screeningsand disiltings * farm pollutioncaused by sludgeand disiltingused as fertilizer * transportationline, facilities,cost and site of landfill/pilingof screenings 4.7.1.2 Effectsof Noise Majorsources of noiseduring the operationare fron pump stations, aerators and pumps inside wastewatertreatment plant. The pump stationsis usuallybuilt 10 under ground. The averageequivalent acoustic pressure grade is lowerthan 60 dB (A) over 10 m on the ground and operated in close or semi-close condition. Some equipmentsfor noise reduction and sound 460 insulationare generallyset up. The apratical operation experiencesillustrate that there are no adverse effectson surroundingcommunity caused by noise from aerators and pump. According to the rule about noise function area division of "EnvironmentalNoise Standard in Urban Area" (GB 3096-82), the surroundingarea of Shahu wastewater treatment plant belongsto Class ll mixing zone with environmentalnoise standard less than 60 dB (A). Surroundingareas of wastewatertreatment plants of Erlangmiao,Longwangzui, Nantaizihu and west Hankou are mainly farms, and belong to class 11mixing zone. Chenjiawanwastewater treatmentplant of Huangshibelongs to Class 1I mixing zone. In Yuliangzhouisland there is no sub districton the surroundingarea of the wastewaterplant site. So there would be no impact of noise on community. 4.7.1.3 Effect of Odor The odor in wastewatertreatment plant principallycomes from chemical compoundof amino-group or amine, hydrogensulphide. alcohol sulphide, ether sulphide and aldehyde, etc. The analysis of source of odor in this assessmentwas refering to on-site testing two wastewatertreatment plant at Hechuan,Japan. Accordingto analogicalanalysis, the concentrationof pollutantwith odor will comply with Class II standard "DischargeStandard of Odor Pollutants' (GB 14554-93). New residentalarea is not suitableto be built within250m around the source of odor . There is no effect on surroundingenvironment 25Dm from the source. For preliminarywastewaer treatment plant in Huangshiand Xiangfan, the effect of odor is relativelysmall, bur in considrationof the further treatment,the constructionof a surrounded residentalarea should be convincedin the city programming. 4.7.2 Disposalof IndustrialWastes 4.7.2.1 ComprehensivePollution Contrl Project of EzhouIron & Steel Plant The projectincludes the rebuiltof the No. I steel worksand the up-grade of the industrial watr supplysystem. Sources of solid wastefrom no.1 steel worksengineering and the treatment approachesare listed in the Tab. 4.7.2-1 Tab. 4.7.2-1 Sourcesof Solid Wastes from No.1 Steel works and Treatment Sources sled slag from dust residual slag from oxideiron sludgewith ta electric firnace cllected steelcasting sheet iron Quatity 30000 8400 14551980 285.9 45121 (t/a) ______ neamnt paving to sig make cement coolantfr to dreg field plat sted maling Solid wastes from the industrialwater supply systemare mainly bottom sludge by silt * ~~~~~4.61 clean-up aCLivityof existing open channelsilt clean-up and, from sedimenation tank of the newlyconstructed wastewater teatment planLThe quantityof sedimentationsludge is 16425 ita, chiefly used as farm hilling up and project backfill. At the present time, the quantity of silt dregedfrom open chainel is 13365tla. Sedimentationsludge from coking wastewater treatment facilityis 28.5 t/a, which will be dewateredby sludgedewatering field and then reused by mixed with cokingcoal. Accordingto the assessmentto the toxicityof the sludge, the concentrationof Cu in the sludgeof the open channeland sedimentationpond exceede the permit standardseriously, so the sludge couldn'tbe used as fertilizer. It is suggestedto be sent the sludge to Qilijie filling field after dewatered. The existingdreging approach for Silt clean-upof open channel will also be used in the futureas proposedPumping the bottomsilt and sent to dewateringfield near the bank by special phreaticpump on the dredger. With a periodof storage,the dewateredsludge will be transported to rubbish field of Ezhou City for unifieddisposal. As mentioned in the chapter lII, the wet season is long with heavy raining. So the existingtnratment approach of the sludgemay causeenvironmental issues during the wet season. A new approachshould be found. 4.7.2.2 WastewaterTreatment Project of Hubei PharmecenticalPlant Accordingto treaunentprocess, approximately 400 ton sludgewill be produced annually. TIheywill also be transported to solid landfilloperated by of the municipal. 4.7.2.3 hensive IndustrialPollution Control Project of Xiangfan Chemical Plant 'Te industrialsolid waste generatedby the project and disposal are shown in the Table 4.7.2.-2. Tab. 4.7-2-2 Disposalof Solid Wastewith the IPC Project of Xiangfan Chemical Plant Items QuantityCt(a) MainComposition Renarks phosphorylasepLse 151400 (wet) total fluorine 0.06 L/htotal phospho unified treatment (P20,) 0.09t/h alkalinedregs 12000 totalfluorine 0.0 lOt/h for sale freeP10, 0.078tlh coaldregs 8640 C= 18% for paving sludge 14400 CaF2.CaCO, ed tretrnent Phosphorus plaster and sludge of the plant will be unifiedly treated by Environmental Bureau of Xiangfan at 20 Mu field at Liyuan, Xiangyang County. 4-6 4.7.2.4iRelocation of Jingmen/Yichang Cement Plants Duringmining process, the strippedcover layer and stone couldn't be used and will be discarded as wastes. During design of mines,suimable waste stone field should be chosen to prevent mud-rockflow and soil erosion. 4.7.2.5 PollutionControl Projectof Erxi Chemical Plant The annualheap amount of cmshedcoal of source material is 2000 ton. Annualfurnace dregsfrom gas makingis 1.02 x 10' ton. Annualfurnace dregs from heat and power station is 2.6 X 10' ton. The dregsare put intoboiler of circulatoryvulcanizing bed for combustionat the scale of: dregs from gas making: crushed coal stone: dregs from heat and power plant = 1:2:2.6. The boilerdregs will be gathereddryly, that is to use scraping transporterto transport dregsto dreg bucket, and then transportto cementplant for constructionmaterial by trucks. The summeryabout Industrialsolid waste and sludgeof IPC project is listed in the Table 4.7.2-3. Table. 4.7.2-3 Summeryof IndustrialSolid Wasteand Sludge with IPC Project Unit Source Quanti (tVa) Disposal Eheng Iron & Steel * steel slag from electricfurnac 30000 * for paving dusncollecte 4455 * transport to sisteringplant lto make nes ' residualslag from steelcauiag 8400 * coolant for stel maing * oxide ironshe * to dreg field sldgtcwith iron 19D0 vto farm dimentationsludge 285.9 * silt tm openchael 16425 raise _memalionsludge fm coking 13365 ______~~~~~~ ~~28.5______ Hubci ' Costruction wanes * local buriedor to rubbish field Pbarmacuuical * Productionand domesticwastes 35 ' sludge * tandfi ______~~~~~~~~~~~~400 Xangfan Chemical phosphomsplaster 151488 unified trcated alinc dregs 12000 fbr sale sludge 14400 unifiedtreated coal dregs 8640 for paving li.gmen Cmn waste stone from mining keeping (bc awair of mud-rockflow) Yichang wane - from mining keing (be awareof Cement md-rock flow) ExiChuncl! furnae drp fromgas-aking 1.02 x 10, for conrction materal of ccen boilerdregs from beat and powerstation 2I6x 10 plant 4-63 4.7.3,: Solid waste landfilland its operation This section will focus on other effect on environment, for example, gas and odour exhausted from landfill, noiseproduced by the constructionsite. .4.7.3.1 Effecton Air Quality The harnful gas exhaustedfrom landfill is of random surface source. The proportion of H2S:NH3:CH4 is 1:36.5:176.5. Approximately54% of total waste gas is methane. The capacityrate of the refuse-producingand the gas-producingis 1:1.375 (see Chapter11). 1. Jinkou SanitaryLandfill Table 4.7.3-1 shows the anticipatedconcentration of NH3, H2Sin axial direction. Table.4.7.3-1 Concentrationof NH3 and H2S in Jinkou Sanitary Landfill Concentratic Distance (m) l a (mglim) 10 50 100 300 S00 700 900 1000 1500 NH3 1.74 1.37 0.68 0.18 0.093 0.055 0.037 0.031 0.016 HLS 0.048 0.037 0.02 0.005 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.001 0 The concentrationof NH3 at distanceof 1Omexceed standard, that of H2S (amounting to 79.2% of standard)exceeds the stundards. - The predictedconcentrations of NH3 and S in Jinkou dairy and Hankou gashouse around andfill show that for the gashouse in downwind condition, NH3 is 0.03mg/r, H6S=0.0003mg/m3 , both are below 0.001mg/nl. Predictionfor dairy averageconcentration 3 3 show that in downwinds,H 2S<0.0015mglm, NH3<0.055mgm are insignificante. 2. Xisai SanitaryLandfill Table 4.7.3-2 shows the concentrationof NH3 and H;S in axial direction. Table 4.7.3-2 Concentrationof NH3 and H2S in Xisai Sanitary Landfill Coenati3 Distance(m) aWm3) so10 10 0°° 300 iSo00o 700. 900 1000 1500 0.34 0.221 0.09 0.09 0.02 O.04 0.003 0.002 0.001 H5_ 0.01 0.006 0.000 0.0001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 It is concluded from the Table that both NH3 and H2S are up to GB14554-93 requirement. 4-4 A few sensitive placesaround landfill are made on-the-spotinvestigation of NH3 and 3 H2S, the results(NH3=2.32ug/m , H2S=0.06ug/M3)are far less than standard. 3. HuangjiawanSanitery Landfill The concentrationsof NH3, SO2, and CH4 were calculatedby a dispersionmodel under the conditionsof D-Stabilityand average wind speed. as show in the Table4.7.3-3. The mainodorous gas are H,Sand NH3. Theeffects of H2S and NH3 are limited in 1 km radiuesfrom landfill.Both maximum concentration of H2Sand NH3meet the national standards for odor discharge. Table 4.7.3-3 The Concentrationof NH3,S02, and CH4 dismce(m) 10 50 100 | SO 1000 1500 2 4 NH2cOL 0.1675 0.704K 10 0.1S2XI0 0.33Xx1V 0.1x10 0.5 XO.10 SO. con 0.0693 0.29x 10 0.63xlO'3 0.13x10 0.4x10' 0.13x I0r 4 CH.Com. _0.8089 0.034 0.73X10 0.16x 10' O.5x10 0.18xloZ 4. Shipo Sanitery Landfill The calculations show that even if in the condition of F-stability and 500kn downwind, the concentrationof H1S and CH4 maintains low. The environment is mostly not affected by-the harmfulgases. 4.7.3.2 Noiseeffect Noise are mainlycoming from operationmachine and tanporttion vehicles. The former noise is less than 85dB(A), the latter less than 65dB(A). Becauseof relativelylow source strengdi of noise, it brings about almost no negative impacton the environment.Because while the workers who operatethe machinarieswith over 85 dB(A)of noise,protecion measuresshould be taken such as wearing earplug or earmark to weak the noise pollution to them. 4.8 Environmental Impact during the Construction Period 4.8.1 Impacton Traffic and Safety 4.8.1.1 UrbanWastewater Treaunent Projects 1. WastewaterTreatment Project of Huangshi The construction activities'would involve much road surface excavation work. Meanwhile,vehicles need to be employedin ansportingpipelines and building materials.Thus, the amountof trafficwill increase, causingpossible traffic jam and temporarilyholding up the local traffic. Certainadverse effect on safety would also.arise as a result of the construction. 465 2. ComprehensiveWastewater Treatment Project of Wuhan Pilingof excavatedearth, stacking of building materials,spoil and cinder as well as the layingof pipelinesacross the mainline will occupy part of the roads temporarily, and cause an adverseeffect to taffic and safety.The East Lake sewagetreatment project in Wuchang will be carriedout in an area coveringEast Lake New ResidentialArea to the east of Wuchang's August I Roadand XiaohongHill, ShuiguoLake HongshanRoad, the middlesection of Zhongbei Road and other mainlines to the west. During the constructionperiod, the west end of Hankou's Jianshe Boulevardwill have impeded traffic and other driving difficulties. It will also cause inconveniencesfor pedestrains, especially the aged, weak, sick and disabled. In terms of different weather conditions, the impact during rainy days might be more serious than that during clear days becauseearth washed away by rains would make the road muddy. 3. WastewaterTreatment Project of Xiangfan Pipe networkconstruction of the project will be carried out along the rivers around the city proper. Constructionof pump staions, crossriverpipelines, conduit bridges and sewage treatment plants will put additional amount on the local traffic. However, the relatively developed downtown transportation facilities and the relatively small workload in the transportationof the projectconstruction would help minimizethe impact on the local traffic. Traffic jams might be caused when laying pipelines in downtown areas, creating temporaryimpact on the traffic- 4.8.1.2 IndustrialPollution Control Projects 1. ComprelensivePollution Control Project in Ezhou Iron & Steel Plant Some of the existing buildings on the site of Ezhou Iron & Steel Plant need to be leveled. At the same time, a main steelmakingworkshop will be erected on a 5.65 X 10 in2 premise together with a stell scrap treatment and piling yard as well as facilities for dust elimination, wastewater reanent facilities repair, production management office. Transportation of building materials during the construction period would employ a great number of transportingvehicles which will in turn largelyaffect the traffic in a short period. 2. RelocationProjects Jingmen and YichangCement Plants Scale of the construction projects are considerably large, involving not only the transportationof buildingmaterials, but also machinery,electrical equipmentand construction machinery.Traffic load will be increasedin a short time which might bring about short-term traffic jam. 3. WastewaterTreatment Project in Hubei PharmarceuticalPlant As a small-sizedindustrial construction project, it employs relativelysmall amount of vehicles, thus it won't cause very serious problemsto the traffic. 4. ComprehensiveIndustrial Pollution ControlProject in Xiangfan Chemical Plant As a small-sizedindustrial construction project, only a few transporting vehicles are neededdaily, thus it won't cause any problems to the traffic. 4-66 5. PollutionContol Project in Erxi Chemical Plant Nitric acid tail gas treatmentproject and druss recovery projectwill involveteardown of equipmentand installationprocess. Possible leakage and the release of pollutants in the replacedequipment will cause NO. and druss pollution to the constructionarea. The pollution, smallscale as it is, carriespollutants of highconcentration which will be harzadousto the health of the constructionpersonnel. Therefore, it is suggestedthat certain practical measuresshould be taken in the processof installationand constructionso as to prevent the leakageof NO gas and druss dust. Approporiate labour protection measures should also be applied to the constructorsincluding wearing respirators to ensure the good health of them. Anothersuggestion is that the constructionshould be carriedout during the overhaul of the plant to minimizethe enviromentalpollution of NOxand druss dust in the constructionprocess. 4.8.2 Effect of Noise and Dust 4.8.2.1 Urban WastewaterTreatnent Projects 1. WastewaterTreatment Projectof Huangshi (1) Noise During the constructionperiod, dredgers. pile engines, compressorsand transporting vehicles would produce dB(A) in various sound levels in the process of pipeline laying. The noise wouldbe more serious in pump stationand treatmentplant sites. Roaringmotors, clamouring horns and hubbubingvoices would bring about quite serious noisepollution in someareas. Noise value in areas along the pipelines might be lower. So long as the constructionduring night time and that in noise sensitiveareas are well arranged, no serious disturbanceswould be resultedto the nearby resident. (2) Dust Largescale of road surface excavationwill be carried out along the bank of Cihu Lake during the constructionperiod. Meanwhile,transportation of pipelinesand necessarybuilding materialswould cause dust and tail gas. Besides, in windy days, constructionspoil piling on the site -wouldbe blown in huge cloud in the constructionand nearby areas. The rising of content of particle substancesin the air would adverselyaffect the atmosphericenvironment. In rainy. and snowydays, dust and spoilwould be washedaround. As a result,the constructionsite would becomemuddy after beingground by vehicles.This would cause difficultiesand inconveniences to both pedestrainsand nearby residents. Negative impacts to the local air qualityand other aspects can be more obviouswhen the constructionis concentratedin downtownarea. In the constructionof serveralpump stations and pre-treatmentplants, limeand sand rinsingwould also have adverse effecton the local air qualityalthough the scale and extent are much smaller. 2. UrbanWastewater Treatmem Project of Wuhan (I) Noise An analoguesurvey shows at the operatingnoise source intensityof major transporting machinery(medium-dutytrucks) in the constructionranges between 88 and 95 dB(A). During daytime, the maximum noise value in the two flanks 7.5m along the mainline could reach 4-67 approximately77dB(A). Noise at this value would affect pedestrainswithin 50mdistance to the mainlineand have no obviousimpact on those outside this range. (2) Dust Dustraised in transportationis the majorsource of constructiondust while machinerytail gas mainly comes from transportingand digging machinery. Analoguesurvey shows that the dust source intensityat a wrafficflow density of 9 vehicles/h is 20.Omg/s.mand the dust is confinedto an area within lOm from the road. Under F-Stability,the maximumfallout density of TSP in the atmosphereexceeds 0.50mg/cubic metre. Since the project is rather dispersedand the maximumtraffic flow density is only 4-5 vehicles/h, the dust source intensityis not likely to exceedthe analoguefigure above. However, on the roads to the constructionsite'and in the smallarea aroundthe constructionsite, the dust raised might increaseand affect the pedestrains to someextent Nevertheless,no adverse impact would be produced to the buildings,residents, institutionsor schoolsalong the main traffic road. 3. UrbanWastewater Treatment Project of Xiangfan (1) Noise Variousmachineries and equipmentsin the constructionarea are distributedmostly in the pipeline networkworking area and concretemixing area. According to field measuredvalues in the same-kingprojects in the country, noise of most equipment stands above 100dB(A). Duringpeak construction period, the noise in the constructionarea will be increaseddue to the small space of the site, the narrow road and the increasingnumber of passing vehicles. Noise may affectthe humanbody in manyways as deaf, tinnitusand significantimpact to nerve system and cardiovascularsystem. Preventionmeasures are as follow: * Labour protection measures shall be taken for constructors includingwearing earmuffs, noise-proofhelmets and other protectivedevices; * Sound-proof room or accoustical enclosure shall be applied to stationary noise sourcesabove lOOdB(A); * Transportingvehicle drivers shall lower speed and refrain from blowing the horn. (2) Dust Air pollution in the constructionarea mainly comes from the tail gas of construction machinery,dust from the constructionand road transportation,floating dust, auto tail gas and wastegas fromdomestic coal burning. Automobileand constructionequipment are all powered by gasolineand diesel. Burningof oil would produce poisonousgases and suspendedparticles. This pollutousgas containslarge amoum of suspendedparticle substances. When the smoke-dustand poisonous gases dischargedfrom the constructionreach a certaindensity, temporary air pollutionwill be formedin someareas, which is harzadousto both humanbeingsand plants and animals. During the constructionperiod, the frequent traffic of tansportingvehicles would produce dust and auto tail gas pollution to residentsalong the road. 468 Dust reductionand preventionmeasures: * Regularwatering of the transportingroad; * Moreattention should be paid to the pollutionprevention on the constructionsite. Simpleworkshed might be set up to process sand and buidingstones; The number of people on the construction site should be minimizedduring constructionperiod. 4.8.2.2 UrbanSolid Waste ManagementProjects 1. SolidWaste ManagementProject of Huangshi (1) _ Noise Majorsource of the noisein constructionperiod is the construcyionmachinerry including excavating machinery, transporting machinery and architectural working machinery. The instantaneousmaximum noise value could reach 90-lOOdB(A)while the normal noise value is no more than 8OdBWA). Noiseon the constructionsite is ratherstrong. Whenthe constructionis in actual process, variousnoise sources would superimpose and create even stronger noises in a much larger area. In accordancewith China'sNoise Sanitary Standards for IndustrialEnterprises, it might be regardedthat machinerynoise has negativeirnpact on eperatorsto some extent during the on- site operation. Some machineries(such as mixer) cause noise values higher than the labour hygenicstandards(2 hours) and labourhealth protective measuresshould be taken. Machinery noise affects litde to- the surrounding environment The attenuation law of construction machinery noise is appproximately10-15dB(A) lower in noise level for 50 metres of further distance So, affectedarea by machinerynoise (i.e. more than 45dB(A))should not exceed200 mes aroundthe constructionsite. Even if the superimpositionof machinerynoise sourcesby various(sets of) machinesin the constructionwould expand the scope of noise impact, the area underthe machinerynoise impact should not exceed1km. Therefore, the machinerynoise in the constructionperiod only affect operatorsand on-site managementers.No significant impact effectson the surroundingarea. In summery,following measures should be takento relieve the environmentalimpact of the constructionperiod: Machineryin compliance with the relavant national noise standards shouldbe applied;and peopleworking on the constructionsite shouldbe equippedwith earplugs and earmuffs. (2) Dust Constructionsite of the relaystation should be sealedup with fencesto reduce the spread of dust with the wind. The piling of earthworkwould cause hillock-liketafts. Long-time piling would turn it intoa wind-erosiondust raisingpoint. Therefore, earthworkshould be piled on the leewardor sideface of the constructionsite. If it is on the windward side, the skin layer should be compactedand should be frequentlywatered to prevent wind-raiseddust. 4-69 Timingof the foundationconstruction period is very important.Construction in windy and rainy seasonswould exert adverseinfluence to the environment.This is particularlytrue in windyseason when the raiseddust wouldpollute the surrounding atmosphereand farmland and increase dustfall content. In rainy season, it will cause soil erosion. Besides, foundation constructionin rainy seasonwould be more disadvantageousto the architecturalstructure. Preventionmeasures: Constructionsites that can be sealed up such as the relay station shall be sealed up to reducethe spread of dust with the wind. 2. Solid Waste ManagementProject of Wuhan (1) Noise In the constructionperiod, the environmentalimpact comes mainlyfrom the noise of earth excavatingmachinery. However, as the sphere of the machinerynoise won't exceed lKm, it mainlyaffects the operatorsand on-sitemanagement personnel, exerting little impact on the surrounding environment.Traffic noise in the construction period has little impact on the environment. (2) Dust The environmentalimpact in theconstruction period of the project also comes from dust fromearth excavationand earthwork.Since the dumping ground is locatedin the joint between the city proper and the outskirts, there are very few residents nearby. The area has some fish farmand lots pond, thus the trafficdust and constructiondust can be spread quite easily in this flatarea. Besides,the dust inthe constructionperiod is from the backgroundsoil, containing no particularpollutants. No seriousenvirownenal problems will arise. 3. Solid Waste ManagementProject of Xiangfan (1) Noise The constructionnoise of the solidwaste relay station in the proposedproject might have adverseeffecs on the urbannoise environment during the constructionperiod. The construction machinerynoise of the dumpingground mightadversely affect the local environment. The trafficnoise of garbagevehicles in the relay station might adverselyaffect the urban noise environment. The working machinerynoise in the dumping ground might adverselyaffect the local noise environment. (2) Dust Dust in the constructionperiod exerts the greatest impact on the environment in the followingtwo ways: * The operational dust in the constructionperiod of garbage relay station might adverselyaffect the urban air quality; * The operational dust in the constructionperiod of the garbagedumping ground might adverselyaffect the localair quality. 4-70 4. Solid WasteManagement Project of Yichang (1) Noise Major projects in the construction period of the garbage treatment plant include foundationleveling, compacting,side ditch digging and constructionof housingand sump. Theseprojects will employ machinery ranging from levellerto road roller and mixer which are -commonlyused in road constuction.Therefore, in refcrencewith China's noisesource intensity standardsfor roadbuilding machines (see table4.8.2-1), the followinganalysis can be made on the impactof constructionnoise. Table4.8.2-1 MachineryNoise of Major Road BuildingMachines UnitLzq(dB) Testingposition and 50mdistae 7.5m distance 100mdistance machinecaegory Leveler 79.1 68.5 55.4 Roadroler 83.8 69.8 52.8 Mixer 92.6 78 64.8 It can be seenfrom the tablethat the noiseon the constructionsite is rather strong. In the actualconstruction when various machines work simutaneously,the radiationof variousnoise sourcessuperimpose and makethe noise level even higher, affectinga larger sphere. In the constuction period, the machinerynoise also affects adverselythe operatorsto some extent. Noisevalue of some machines(such as the mixer)exceeds the labour protective standards (2 hours) which requires labour hygenic protective measures. Machinery noise exerts little impact on the surroundingenvironment. It can be seen from Table 4.8.2-1 that the constructionmachinery noise ammnates 10-lSdB(A) in noise level for every 50 metres of further disance. Calculatedon this law, the superimpositionof multiple(sets of) machinerynoise might expand the scope of impact. The scope of machinery noise should be below I Km. As the construction site is in a semi-enclosedvalley and the residents in this area have all been relocated,the machinerynoise during the constructionperiod mainy affects operatorsand on-site mangementpersonnel, causing little impactto the suroroundingenvironment. Constructionnoise in the relay stationproject mainlycomes from transportingvehicles and constructionmachinery. According to analogue analysis, during daytime construction, residentsin an area 200mfrom the site mightbe affectedto differentdegrees with the maximum noise level reaching54dB(A) which approachesthe daytimenoise standardfor first category mixed districts. Night time constructionmight affect an area 500m from the site with the maximumnoise level of 46dB(A)which slightlyexceeds the night time noise standardfor first categorymixed districts. Similarwith the impactof raiseddust, the impactof constructionnoise is temporaryand confinedto a certain area. The noisewill disappearwith the completionof the construction. 4-71 It is suggestedthat the constructionsite be fencedwith interwoven nylon as an acccoustic shielding.In addition,it canalso improvethe outlookof the site and avoid accidents. Low noise machineryand no night time operationmay relieve the impactof noise as well. (2) Dust Earth excavationand handling in the WangjiawanGarbage Dumping Ground might produce certain dust pollutionduring the constructionperiod. The scope of the dust impact dependson the soil property, weatherand topographicconditions on the constructionsite. The soil to be removed on the site is banket of 0.8-1.5m thick. Dark grey and atropurpureusin colour, the soil is mostly power soil or poweredclay with riprap rock and gravelinterspersed. Accompanied by quite many plant roots, it containsloose organic structure and high water content. The poroussoil structure is liable to dust raisingwhile the highwater contentcan relativelyreduce the formationof raiseddust. The site consists of five gulliesand a large gulch collected. It is semi-enclosedwith mountainsseparating. Thus it is very difficult for raised dust to spread, constitutinganother favourablefactor in containingthe dust impact. Withan averageannual rainfall of 1164.Imm and an averagerelative humidityof 77%, the rainy and humidclimate may prevem dust from formationand spread. In summary,during the constructionof HuangjiawanGarbage Dumping Ground, raised dust won't become a major environmentalproblem as a result of the linitation of natural conditions.No dust pollutionwill be producedto the surroundingenvironment in generaland the city proper of Yichangin particular. 4.8.2.3 IndustrialPollution CQntrol Priects 1. ComprehensivePollution Control Project in EzhouIron & Steel (1) Noise - No. I Steel Works In the constructionperiod of No.1 Steel Works Engineering,the major noisesources includebulldozer, road roller, concretemixer and vehicles.The noise occurs mainly in earth excavatingand road levelingstage. The measured and required standard noise values of commonly used construction machinesare shown in Table 4.8.2-2 * Reformationof IndustryWater Supply SystemEngineering The constructionperiod is dividedinto four stages:earthwork, base, structureand fitting up. The constructionfacilities and their noise characteristicsare similar with those in Table 4.8.2-2. (2) Dust The earthworking, backfilling, loading and unloading, and construction materials screening will cause dust. The vehiclesgetting in and out of the constructionarea will cause 4-72 secondarydust. The dust pollution is only limited around the construction area. It is temporary and it dependon the wind in a large extent.Though the analogy, the TSP average concentration in the atmosphereclose the earth surface is approximately 25mg/m' which is the 16 times of the 3 level (1.5mg/m3) of 'Air EnvironmentalQuality Standard"(GB3095-82). 4.8.2.4 Relon-tionof JingmenlYichangCement (1) Noise The major pollution is causedby noise in the CementsConstruction period. The noise sources are facilitiesof earthworkand constructionand vehicles, in which the noise of pile drivers is relativelyhigher. Becausethe new sites are far from residentialareas, the affects of noiseare not endangered. (2) Dust The transportationor facilitiesand struture materialswill cause the dust pollution in a certain range along the roads temporarily. Table 4.8.2-2 Noiseand NoiseStandard of ConstructionMachines Measuring Measuredvalue Standard(GB 12523-90) Influencerange Machine distance (dB(A)) (n) (in) Day Night Day Night dump truck 15 88 - 65 55 212 670 leveler 15 88 75 55 67 670 road roller 7.5 81 75 55 15 150 bulldozer 15 87 75 55 60 600 excavator 15 91 75 55 95 950 air pick 15 88 75 55 212 670 concretemixer 7.5 81 70 55 27 150 vibrator 7.5 81 70 55 27 150 4-73 5. Mitigation Measures Municipalwaste water treatment. municipalsolid waste managementand industrial pollutioncontrol of Hubei Urbanenvironmental project provides for heavypolluted enterpi ises. Beneficialeffect on environmentis the mostprincipal. Based on analysisof possibleenvironmental impactof specificprojects. different degree of adverseeffect on surfacewater environmentand ecologicalenvironment will be causedby constructionand operationof the project. During feasibilitystudy, it is consideredto developmaximum overall environmental benefit. Some mitigationmeasures have been consideredin the proposedproject, so adverseaffectioni can be reducedto a receivablelevel or minimum. The aimof the proposedHubei urban environmental protection project is at the pollution control and improvingurban environmentquality. There will be no adverse effect on natural preservationarea andweak ecologicalzone withinimpact zone of the projectas identified.The adverse effeEtduring project implementationcan be divided into two types. One includes mechanicaltail gas,noise and trafficinterfere during construction period. The other is longterrn effectsuch as the impacton ecologicalenvironment of receivingwater body. Somespecial sub- projects. such as municipalwaste water treatmentproject, are a part of on-goingmnuniicipal pollutioncontrol strategy.So some lookslong term adverse effects presented in stage I willbe eliminatedor reducedto minimumdegree with implementationof whole pollution control strategy. Problemsof adverse effects preventionduring constructionand possible secondary pollutionduring operation will be discussedtotally in this chapter. 5.1 Mitigation Strategy Thebasic principles for environmentalprotection of the projectimpact zones includethe following: (a) Design of projectshould be fully demonstratedto get optimumimprovement to local enviromnentalquality with implementation of the project,and manageto avoidor reduce adverse effect on environmentduring constructionand operation.When the adverse effects are unavoidable,equal stress should be laid on technologyand experience,and practiced with constructionat the sametime. (b) Preventionof adverseeffect ofthe projectis consistedof a seriesof specificmeasures and environmentalmanagement program. These measurescan eliminate,counteract or decrease adverseeffect on environmentto a receivablelevel in constructionand operationperiod. (c) Envirommentalprotection measuresshould includeprotective measures in period of constructionand operation,and differentprotective and mitigatorymeasures for normaland suddenconditions. (d) Environmentalmanagement program should include organizationarrangements and responsibilitiesfor canyingout eachprotective measures ( eg. monitor,remedial measures, funds, report compilingand employeetraining referring to worksin operation,supervision, execution and implementation). (e) Environmentalmanagement program should include timetable of implementation. 5-1 procedure of monitoring and reporting, and expenditure and income of funds for specific protective measures. 5.2 Principal Contents of Mitigatory Measures Based on analysis of possible adverse effects from each specific project, mitigation measures should includefollowing contents. 5.2.1 MunicipalWaste Water Treatment Projects (Wuhan, HUangshi, Xiangfan) (a) Protect measurefor of noise,vibration, mechanical tail gas, construction garbage and dust at constructionsite duringconstruction period; (b) Mitigationfor trafficinterruption during construction period; (c) Preventingodor and sludge disposaleffect during operation period of waste water treatmentplant and pumpstation; (d) Carryingout a protectionstrategy for ecosystemof receivingwater bodies; (e) Protectivemeasures during overflow or accidentdischarge of waste water from treatment plant. 5.2.2 MunicipalSolid Wastes Management Prioect (Huangshi, Wuhan, Xiamgfan, Yichang) (a) Abatement of adverse effect on hygiene and health from garbage collection and transferringprocedure; (b) Proventingsurfice water and groundwaterfrom the impactof sanitarylandfill leachate; (c) Abatementof effectson environmentcaused by waftedmatrials and dust; (d) Mitigationmeasures for air environmentalimpact caused by odor and hazardousgases (eg.CH, ) from landfill; (e) Ecological landscape restoration of landfill 5.2.3 Industrial Pollution Control Project 5.2.3.1Relocation of Jinsunen& YichangCement Rlants _ (a) Pretention measuresfor noise,vegetation destruction and constructiongarbage from movingactivities of the f&ciities: (b) Protectonfor the impactof mechanicaland taffic noise,vibration, mechanical tail gas and dust duringconstruction; (c) Cleaningof the old siteand environmentalrestoration; (d) Operationand managementof dust removalfacility of the proposedprocess; (e) Afforestingof plant field. 5-2 5.2.3.2 Waste Water .M'aste weasTreatment Project (Echeng Iron & Steel Plant. Hubei pharmaceuticalplant. Xiangzfanchemical plant, Erxi chemical plant) (a) Protection measure for mechanicalnoise, vibration, gas tail and dust, and construction garbage disposal during facility transformation and wastewater treatment plant construction. (b) Secondary pollution (foul odor, sludge, noise, etc.) control for wastewater and waste gas treatment process. (c) Management for the operation of waste water and waste gas treatment facilities; indent protective measures for abnormaloperation conditions or accident discharge. The rnitigation measures for individual projects are shown in the Table 5.2-1. .~~~~~~~~~~I .- 3 Table 5.2.1 Principal Adverse Effects and Mitigation Measures of Municipal Environmental Project of Hubei Province Wastewater Treatment Components Environmentalissue Potentialadverse effect Mitiation measure Surfacewater Effluentfrom preliminary treatment or primarytreatment will bediscliarged Reserveland in advance intoYangtze river at Wuhan & lluangshiection. Near bank pollution helt or Realizesecondary trealment as soonas possible centralpollution belt will foonto sameextent * Wastewaterfrom Longwangui Tretmnent Plant will bedischarged into * Adopttreatment process of denitrogenand dephasphorizatiois inthe fulure NanhuLake. which may cause eutrophication of lake Secondarytreatment * Wastewatcrdischargcd rrom l.uojialu outlet of Wuhanmay afebct tIlL' ' Senigthenmanagement of industrial pollution source to reducvhaa2ardous waterusage of thelower reaches of YangtzeRiver at Wuhan. materialsin industrialwastewater * CompeinatlionprojeLt fur lakesor urfhn area of Wuhanwill introdtsce . Choosesiiialile intake place and positiom or intake bloodfluke into takes and cause silting Adopreasible diversion and grit removalprocess Soiland groundwater Pollutionfrom leakage or cloggingof aqueduct Checkup and maintain periodically Air, noise *lechanical tail gas,noise and dust during cotstutUCtion period . Atrangeconsttuction timetable reasonable Setup enclosure around consruction area; keep vehicles pasing this atea clean. wateringperiodically Odorsduring operation period of wastewatertreatment plant and pump station Buildshelter-belt to avoid diflission of theodor Ecology Decreaseof nuttient of lakes;and aquatic produsea ue effeeded * Adjusttypes of fish . Improvequality of fish Utrophicationof NanhuLake may occur; floe ud stenchmay ippear in water Studyproblem of Nnhu Lae eutrophicationand take treatment proces of denitrogen anddephosphorization intoconsideration * Discardedearth and wastes from construction * Backfill andleveling field * Screeningand sludge from pump slation and wastewater treatment planit . Stabilizationtreatment by lime;considering to send ti sanitarylandfill of earnh overburdenlandfill is used * AdoptATAD method, to beintroduced , To befann fertilizer after detailed analysis to sludgecomposition 5-4 Continue Solid WotsicManagementc Components E3nvironmentalisstue 1otcintialadvcrsc cTtTct Mitigationmeasure Surface water IL.eachatediscliarge I.eachate treatment plants are planned to keepthe n.rrncl olperation Dischargedirectly from leachatecontainning tank in heavy * Increasedesign capacity of containningtanik rainstorm . Build flood catch-drain andkeep its unblocked Erosion from rainstonn Strictlyobey operation guidelineof landfill;compact covered earth in time Soil anidgroundwater Leachateleakage in subsoilor breakingof leachatccollectioin * rrevent spoil of diversionsystem by machine pipes * Monitor groundwaterquality periodically Air Dust anddiffusion of odorsfreom landfill andtransIer slatiioi lBiild shelter-beltaround landfill; keeptransfer stntitn clean 1 xplosioncaused by high concentrationof Cl l, * Imnrovegas conducting system and leeep unimpeded * Compactgarbages in time and increasethe heightof gas conducting pipe . , . __~5 EcologY Changeoriginal usage nf land andecological environment in Kcep surfacesoil of landfill siterestore vegetation smallregion Noise Noise from constiuctionmachines and vehicles Arrangetimetable of constructionreasonable; set up enclosure arotnd constructionarea of transferstation Noisefrom machincsof traisfer stationand velliclcs AiTangetimetable of transportationreasonable withiout disturbing residents Mechanicalnoise from landfill operation Providcnecessary protective facilitics for workers 5-5 £ S Continued ComprchcnsivcPollution Control Project of Rchang Ironand Steel Plant Enviromnentalissue Potentialadversc effect mitigationmeasure stlrfacewater dischargeof treated wastewater into Yangtze river be sureto disciargewastewater when comply aRertreatment withstandard incremeintol 1.2tly oil discharge keepcischarge concentration comply with disclarge standard wastewaterovcrflov from open channel caused by buildflood catch dike; strengthen management rainstormrunoff soil/groundwater newly built dregsfield may has effecton soil or take seepage proof measures groundwater air dischargeof NO. CO and SO, dischargeby high chimney dust fromtransportation, disassembling of old factotyv strengthenmanagement, heap construction materials together, waterin, buildingand other construction work avoildiransportationin resident area, cultural and educationialarea, mid businessarea odorfrom volatile organic of wastewatertreatment proteclivemeasures have beentaken in design plant and foul smell from sludge ,- noise mechanicalnoise from construction sirenghenconstruction management, arrange timetable reasonable and avoidoperation at night solidwastes garbagefrom construction back fillto lowerfield or heapat dry field slag fiom operalion of Iro-nand Steel Plant prduction line for slag trealment is planned to produc.:stirce materiul torconstruction sludgefrom wastewater treatment plant and open chosen channel to be used'forfarm fertilizer 5-6 Continued Reliciitiii Or JingmcnI Yichang Cecnnt Plant surfacewater; dischargeof domesticwager of theplant and a feW strengthenmeasures of twatersaving; amountof indusirialwastewater dischargewhen standard meet noise / vibration noiseand vibrationfrom disassembling of present adoptsilent explosion technology; arrange timetable of largemachines faclorybolding ( explosionmachine operation and reasonable transportation air dust fiomdisassembling of presentfacilities and founulateperfect movement plan and arrangeafltermath of presentplant constructionof plannedproject providcnecessary dust proof measures (eg. watering) dischargeof powerdust fromplanned project strcngthcnmaintenance of dustremoval facilities to be surethen canwok ______normally solidwaste disasscmbledconstruction wastes back fillto lowerfield dustcollected by dustremoval facilities to be usedas productionof source material WastewaterTreatment Project of HubeiPharmaceutical Plant: surfacewater dischargedirecily into lI-an river during trouble or strengthenoperation management and daily maintenance maintenanceo facilities air dust fromconstruction and tail gas frommachine waterat constructionfield; periodicallywash machines and vehicles; cleanand reuse of cons .-in material foul smellfrom wastewater treatment plant buildshelter-belt ecology pejnanent occupationof 1200m' farmland afforestaround treatment plant noise mechanicalnoise of construction arrangetimetable reasonable operationnoise of facilitiesorwastewater treatment buiildshelter-belt plant_ solidwastes sludgefrom wastewater treatment plant to landfillafter dry 5-7 Continued Comprchensivepollution control project of XiangfanChemical Plant surfacewater wastewatercontaining contaminants such as fluoride sirengthenoperation management and dailymaintenaie willbe dischargedinto municipal sewage wlhen facility breakdownor maintenance air breakdownof facilitiCsdLIst removal or fluoridereuse same as above may causeTSP and wastegas with fluoridedischarged exceeding standard noise a littleincrement of noisenear faectorybolding setup silenceron blowerand shelter on compressor,build noise proof roomat heavynoise position; supply noise proof earplug mechanicalnoise of construction arrangctimetable reasonable; avoid using heavy noise machine during rest timeheap afterwatering solid wastes sludgefrom wastowater treatment plant heap aflerdry Comprehensive pollutioncontrol project of Hrxichemical plant _ surface water dischargedirectly into Mai riverwhen facility strengthenoperation management of dailymaintenance breakdownor maintenance atmosphere a littleincrement of TSP dischiLrge sirengthenoperation management of dustremoval facility; increase dust removalfacilities duringtreatment of tail gasof nitrateacid and set up of strengthenoperation rules; set up and debuggingfacilities during reuselacility of carbonblack; seepage may occur and maintenanceperiod; supply gas masks do harmto works solid waste sludgefrom cycling vulcanization bed removesludge by scrapper,and transport to cementplant assource sludge from wastewater treatment plant burnwith coal in boiler noise noise from wind conducting and wild leading machine supply noise proof earplug _ 5-8 6. Review Alternatives Alternativeplan is to seek possibilityof better and newerplan in site selection,scope, treatmentmethod, treatment plan and energyutilization. According to the characteristicsof each project,presents the alternativeplan were preparedfor wastewater collectionand treatment. Solidwaste management and industrialpollution control. The comparinganalysis in the view of system design, efficiencyand cost, etc, were provided references to units of designing consLructionand localenvironmental adninistration in projectdesign and management. 6.1 Wastewater Collectionand Treatment Project Alternativeplan analysisis mainlyundertaken from sewage collection and treatment. 6.1.1 Wastewater Treatment Process 6.1.1.1 AlternativeProposed for the ShahuTreatment Plant As discussedin the chapterIV, the dischargedwastewater will affectthe water qualityof the drinkingwater source approximately 7 km down streamof the Luejialuowastewater outfall. Two approachescan accepted for abatementof the adverseeffect. One is the off-shore, emergingdisposal method with a dispenserinstalled on the bottomof the River bed.The other approachis increasingthe treatmentdegree of the Shahuprimary treatment plant. It is estimatedthat if the Shahuprimary treatnent plant alternateto a secondarytreatment plantwith the capacityof 5 x 104m3Id,the wasteloads of BOD5 dischargedfrom Luejialuooutfall wouldbe reducedby 19.4%of the proposedwastewater load. The water quality modellingshows the -impactof wivastewaterdischarged from the Luejialuoout with a reducedwasteload can meet the protectionrequirement for municipal drining water source downstream of the outfall. A activatedsludge process or acfivatedsludge process plus A 2/O process is recommended for the Shahuwastewater treatment plant. Estimated costs of the Shahu secondarytreatment plant are 23.76 millionsfor the constructionphase and 18.68millions for the operationphase. 6.1.1.2 AlternativeProRosed for Xan2fan WastewaterTreatment As mentionedin the chapterI. The wastewaterproject of Xlangfanprovides trunk sewer system of Fanchengand the Yuliangzhouwastewater pre-treatment facility with a capacityof 52.44m3/d. Thewater quality modeling shows the effluentfrom Yuliangzhoupre-treatment plant willcause a pollutionbelt in the main flow zone of the Han River,a significantimpact on water quality of the Han River downstreamof the outfall.Considering the industrialwastewater is consistin 71.4%municipal wastewater, A activated-sludgeprocess os recommendedfor Xlangfan wastewatertreatment as an alternativemeasure. The statisticsof the predictedpollution belt witheffluent from an altemativeproposed secondarywastewater treatment plant are shownin the Table6.1. I- 1. 6-I Table 6.1. I -1 The Statistics of the Predicted BOD, Pollution Belt with Secondary Treatment Without proposed hydraulic protect With proposed hydraulicproject Pollutionbelt length Pollutedarea Pollution bclt length Polluted area , i;:1111~(km (km-'I (k;m) (l;mi) Exmss class 11 11.4 0.47 6 0.8 Excessclass III 10.5 0.53 2.03 } 0.2 Excess class IV 9.6 0.32 0.62 0.02 It is shown that with a secondary treatment process, the pollution belt in the main flow zone of the Han River may limited in 12 km downstream of the outfall. With the construction of multi-purposernavigation project. at Cuejiaying site, the pollution belt will be limited in the proposed reservoir with a small polluted area. 6.1.2 Sludge Treatment Process The sludge treatment process in proposed engineering uses lime stabilized dehydration sludge. According to the recommendation of the consultant company, the sludge from one primary treatment plant need to undertake stabilizing process for avoiding harm of parasitic insect, pathogenic bacteria and elimninateodor of unstable sludge. At the present time, the most economic method in consideration is lime stabilization instead of conventional anaerobic or aerobic digestion stabilization. The investment of later method is too high to be accepted in engineering budget. Howe-ver,the followingissues with the lime stabilizationwill be faced: (1). The sludgemixed with limecan't be used as fertilizer for forestry or agriculture; (ii). The sludge volumeincreases with lime, it's hard to treat properly; (iii). A disposal site is need for treating a large amount of sludge (the dewatering sludge from 5 proposed plant is esfimated to be more than 200-300 rm3/d), if no proper disposalsite its delivering and disposal will cause environmental problems. field utilizing problems and financialproblems. Altemative Approach Appropriate temperature aerobic digestion method (ATAD method) is a alternative approach. Comparingwith other sludge digestion (stabilization ) methods. ATAD has following advantage and disadvantage: Advantage: (i) The treatment time (residence time) will be 75% lower than conventional rest sludge anaerobic or aerobic digestion method, so construction cost is greatly reduced. (ii) No additional treating is need. (iii) Without lirmeadded, it has no issues caused by lime. And digested sludge can absolutely satisfy the requirements of kill parasitic insect eggs and pathogenic bacteria (iv) Sludge could be used as fertilizerfor agricultural fields; (v) Operation requirement is simple. 6-2 Disadvantage: (i) It's a new technology and no report on operation fee is seen in China. (ii) Comparing with lime stabilization method, its investment of the process and need is still very high. to import the ATAD technology from west country 6.2 Solid Waste Management Project 6.2.1 Alternative Plan for Solid Waster Landfill The treatment technologies for municipal solid waste generally include sanitary landfill, burningand compost. How to choose mainly depends on complex factors as technical reliability, investmentand operationfee, enviromnentalrequirement, urban environment and climate, urban economic bearing ability, composition of the solid waste and its value for reuse, etc. Some treatment approaches are compared in table 6.2.1-1 Table 6.2.1-1 Comparatione of Urban Garbage Treatment Technologies llems Treatmnentmethods Hvgieniclandfill bumning compost Technical Chinahas economictechnology. complex coamon Rcliabilitv reliableand simple Siteselection difficult:need to consider easv:can closeto havestrict hydrographicand geologic urbanregion requirementsmust be conditions,prevention water far awavfrom housing pollutionand far awayfrom live crowdedregions ______regions Areaoccupied Large Small Common Componentsof widerange. but inorgunicparls must has much biodegradableorganic garbage be morethan 600/D inflanmable is morethan 40% substancesheat value is high Finaldisposal Fieldin safetperiod can be uscdas buned residues non-compostparts greenland manmadeagriculture mustbe covered need to be covered field and gardens which are 10%Me - whichis 35%- 40% of 20%of theoriginals the originals Environmental To preventair pollu_ion,garbage residuesneed to be It mustreach hamnless pollution mustbe covered:to preventsurface coveredto prevent by high temperature waterpollution, percolatng water air pollutionby dust fermentation,odor will mustbe treated;to prevent and heavymetal be emitted undergroundwater pollution, the pollution bottomshould be leakproof Management Common high high requirements . Unitinvestment lowest highest secondhighest 6-3 (a) Burning method Urban garbage in 4 cities have low composition of flammable components. The organic percentagesare Xiangfan26%, Wuhan 43.2%, Huangshi 3 1%, Yichang 21% respectively, water contents are all high, so the heat values can't reach the requirement of burning treatment. Additionally, the installation and operation fee for this method is very high, and technology is complex, which is not suitable. so. for the propose cities at the nearly fiture. (b) Compost method Urban garbage in 4 cities have low compositions of biodegradable organic, rotatable contents are low, actual parts for compost is very small.Furthermore, because the compost has large volume and hard to transport and the efficiencyof compost is lower than chemical fertilizer, and may also cause soil hardening with long time using, peasants are unwilling to use the compost. (c) Sanitary landfill The investments for sanitary landfills construction are low, with advartages of large capacity,simple operation and easy to manage. Also, the sites with proper geologic condition for sanitary landfillcan find in the four cities. So sanitary landfillmethod is choose by all 4 cities. 6.2.2 landfill Site Selection (a) Accordingto the requirementsof overallplanning of Wuhan Urban Construction, garbage treatment situation and implement plan of solid waste treatment, Wuhan environrmental sanitarybureau and relative administrations determined 4 sites for garbage landfill after years of working, which are Jinkou, Beiyangqiao, Daishan and Zixiaguan landfill plant. (b) Xlangfan City Because the proposed Shipo landfi site departs from urban region, and no residence and factories within 50Dmround regions and the clay layer distribution is continuous and wide, the percolating coefficient is small, so the site is appropriate for hygienic landfill engineering. No alternative site is presented. (c) Huangshi city By On-situ investigatioi,Huangshi environmentalsanitary department and other relative administrationschose Huangjiawan reservoir, site, Wujiawan reservoir site and the large area of derelict furrow by fishing pond closed to inorganic salt plant of Ye steel Company as three proposed sites. Comprehensiveanalysis of advantages and disadvantages for the three above sites were carried out. The municipalauthorities agreed to choose the third site as acceptable one (i.e Xisai site). Though the pollutionto inorganic salt plant is possible, when the sanitary landfill is strictly managed and covered in time, the pollution can be reduced to minimum level. (d) Yichang city After times of investigation, in the view of the relative factors of terrain and geomorphology,Yichang has two sites for choosing,one is Luojiawan, the other is Huangjiawan. As the analysis on the benefits of enviromnent social and the finacial condition. In 6-4 Summarv,the originalHuangjiawan is a better than Luojiawanto be a sanitarylandfill. 6.3 Industrial Pollution Control Project 6.3.1 Air Pollution Control Subproject of Echeng Iron & Steel Plant An alternative process for Aer pollution control project in No. I steelworks of the plant is proposed. Electric stove and steel refinery stove, on the principal of ensuring the same environmental.Without replaceing current process procedure,employies long-bag low pressure pulsedust collectorto replacelarge-scale negative pressure reversed blowing bag collectorin 2 systems.The comparisionof the designprocess and alternativeprocess is shown in Table 6.3.1-1 Table6.3.1-1 Comparationeof Dust CollectionSystem in Steel Electric Stove and Steel RefineryStove large-scale negative pressure long-bag luv pressure pulse dust reversed blowing bag collector collector irealedwind amount (mz/b) 69 x l0' 69 x 10' filter area (n 3 ) 15200 7600 dust concentration emittcd outside c 50 < 50 collector (m/mslm installationcapacity of system 1700 100U (kin)______ area occupied by dust collector 440 220 (mn) -______ weightof dust collector (t) 576 230 price of dust collector (10.000 600 350 Yuan) primary engineering investrnent 1922 1400 (10,000 Yuan) Dailv fee (includingdepreciation 432.4 314.7 Operation and managenent fee Additionally,the both of dust collectorhave similaradaptability to local meteorological andgeologic condition, and havesimilar requirements to managementorganization training and monitoringetc. It can be seen from above.comparationethat the long-bag low pressure pulse dust collector can reachthe some dust emit requirement,while the area occupied reduced by 50%, systeminstallation capacity reduced by 41.2%, constructioninvestment reduced by 26%, daily fee reducedby 27.2%. 6-5 6.3.2 Industry WastewaterTreatment 6.3.2.1 Alternative measure for industrialwastewater comprehensive treatment process of EcheneIron & Steel An alternativeprocess for industrialwastewater treatment is proposed: Lowturbidity water is treatedby microcoagulation filter method, inverted washing water of filterpond is treated by primarysinking and pressedfloatation method. Feasibility:In comprehensivetreatment process of industrialwaste water, the main compositionsof wastewaterare suspendedmatters and oil, the concentrationof suspended nattersis low,the wastewaterchanged into low turbiditywater after primarysinking, the effect wouldn'tbe idealif coagulationprecipitation method was adopted.Secondly, the oil concentration of wastewateris low and can't be solvedby conunonmachine oil. If floatationtechnology was directlyused, not only the primaryinvestment would be high,the operationfee would be high too, but also the effect wouldn't be ideal.Thus this plan adopts micro coagulation filter technology,use filter materialsto adsorbpollutants in wastewaterespecially oil the collected pollutantswill form high pollutantconcentration wastewater after inversewashing. Because watervolume is small,it fits the highfloatation concentration wastewater and floatationdevice then oil and suspended matters can be efficientlyremoved from wastewater to prevent concentratedoil in industrialcycling water. Therefore this planis feasible. Comparationof designprocess and alternativeprocess is listedin Table6.3.2-1 Table6.3.2-1 Comparationeof Originaland AlternativePlan Xclassification feasibilitvplan alternativeplan item * _ advantage Simpleprocess easy to operate goodeffect of oil removingfrom andsmall area to be occupied wvastewater.the effectindependent wvithtemperaLure disadvantage oil remoingeffect is not good.die complexprocess it's complicated treatmenteffect depends on to operate I temperature 6.3.2.2Comprehensive pollution control project of XMandfanChemical Industry Plant The focus of this control projectis defluoridationdevice. Besides the NaSiF6., the defluoridationtarget is aimedtoo. 6-6 Table 6.3 .2-2 The Plan Comparatione of Na,SiF6 Produced by Different Materials [em N1a.':0. NaCI ,Anual NaSiF, productiontrl 2500 2500 AnnualMaterial Consumption(1) 12817.83 3107.35 Annual Material Costi 10.000 436.76 108.76 Yuan) . AnnualOther Costl0 0,00 Yuan) 124.64 152.71 Annual icome of Production Sale 1500 1300 (10.000 Yuan) ._. Primarvdevice investment( 10,000 320 650 Yuan) Annual Income (10,000 Yuan) 164.4 247.83 GoodEffects (advantage) Productionpurty is high, device production oost is relativelv low materialscan be solvedin China pnmaryinvestment is saved Badeffects (disadvantage) productioncost is high Production pulity is relativelvlow, the requirement of device materials arc high. pnmarv invesunmetis also high, the watcr volume is very large and hard to be treated [t can be seenfrom above table that: The annual income of Na2 SiF6 Produced by NaCI is 83,430,000 Yuan more than Na,Cn3 method, the economic benefit is obvious. However, the primary investment of this plan is too high, and output wastewater contains high concentration of Cl-, the wastewater volume is large and hard to be treated. In the view of environment protection, the technology of Na1SiF6 produced by NaCI is not appropriate to be adopted. The best choice is engineering proposed plan, that is to use Na2CO3 to produce Na,SiF6 for defluoridation. 6.3.3 Relocation of Jingmen and Yichang Plants Site selection of Yichang Cement plant By comprehensive comparatione and analvsis to the new site condition, including materials, fuel and cement production transportation, areas occupied, soil volume and environmental impactsto urban regions and surroundings. It's show the best choice is to move the plant from current site to Yanjiachongsite, Huayan Industrial Zone, no alternative plan is suggested. 6-7 Site Selectionof JingmenCement Plant Four alternativesites for relocationof JingmenCement Plant have been comparedin variousplans. From the comparatione.the proposed site is prior to other alternative plans in communication,water and electricitysupply, and environmentalpollution to urban regions.The, NIewsite is benefitto long-termplanning of the Plantand has nice geologiccondition. 6-8 7. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 7.1 Purpose In order to evaluate environmentalimpacts during and after the project construction, a monitoring plan is being formulated which meets regulatory requirements, and including parameters.locations and frequencyof monitoring-.short and long term environmentalmonitoring shallbe performedto evaluate project impactsand trends so that both retroactive and pre-active measures may be taken. The scope for monitoring includes are, noise, surface water quality, groundwaterquality, ecology, i.e. The monitoringdata will used to upgrade the project EAP and formulate effective mitigationmeasures. 7.2 Environmental Management 7.2.1 Principle for Environmental Management The environmentalprotection administrationof a project means that in the construction and operation of the project, the laws, regulations, policies and requirements of the standards must be obeyed either issued by the state, province or municipal level authorities with regard to environmental protection, the project must be under the environmental supervisiore by the relevant local environmental administrative offices, make the corresponding environmental progrn and definethe envirom-nentalairns in regard to the project, in addition, to coordinate the relationswith other relevantgovernment agencies and to conduct all the activities with regard to the improvementof the environment.The overall principles are as follows: (1) The design of the project should be &lly expounded and proved, ensuring that after the completion of the project, the best improvement of the local environmental qualitv may be achievedand the unfavorableinfluence may be reduced or eliminated during the construction and operation of the project. If such influence may not be eliminated, measures in regard to the technologyas well as favorable experiencefrom previous projects must be taken simultaneously with the construction of the project to reduce or slow down the influence. (2) The mitigation measures should be conducted with a series of measures environmental management plans against the adverse effects caused by the construction and operation of the project to eliminatethe adverse effects within the acceptable level. (3) The environmental protection measures should consist of both for construction and operationphases ofthe project. Theyshould also include the relative measures for usual cases or unusual cases. (4) The environmentaladministation plan should include the allocation of the responsibilities and the respective for carrying out every measure, also include such contents as measure takdng steps and progress monitoring and the procedure of reporting as well as the investment and the investmentsource, etc. 7.2.2 Environmental Administrative Organizations The environmental administrative organizations for wastewater treatment project, municipalsolid wastemanagement project and industrialpollution control project are listed in the Table 7.2.2-1 to Table 7.2-3. 7-1 Table 7.2.2-1 EnvironmentalAdministrative Oreanizations fbr UWT Projects Organization Subordination Constitution Pcrsons Wuhan Enironment UrbanWaslewater Managementsection 13 WastewYater managementand treatmentcompany monvouingsectnn treatment monitoringdepartmentL onlg s offices Xiangfan Environment Urban Wastewater Environmental 14-18 Wastewatcr protectiondcpartmnent treatmentcompanv monitoring SLation treatment Iuangshi Dischargingwater Urban Discharging Offices 6-8 Cihu companyEnviron. P. watercompany Wastewater department teamuent Table 7.2.2-2 EnvironmentalAdministrative for Industrial Pollution Control Project Project EnvironmentalManagement System Organization Constitution Persons Xiangfan Chemical pollution Entaprises Enterprise's treatment EnviromentalProtection Environmental Managers Management Svstemr H-ubeiphannaceutic plant - EnterprisesSafe and Enterprise's 6 wastewatertretatment EnvironmentalProtection Environmental Section ManagementGroup Pollutiioncontrol of Ecd Enterpriscs Safe and Entepises chemicalplant EnvironmentalProtection EnvironmentManager Section YichangCcment Enterprise'sSafe and Enterprises EnvironmentalProtection Environmental Section Management System JingtnenCement EnterprisesSafe and Enterprise'sand Process EnvirnnmentalProtection SectionEnvironmental Section Management System EchengIron steel Enteprises Safeand Enterprises EnvirorunentalProtection Enviromnental Section ManagementSystem Including Managers. ProductionSections 7-2 Table7.2.2-3 EnvironmentalAdministrative Oruanizations for Urban Solid Waste TreatmentProjects Project EnvironmentalManagement Organization Organization Subordination Persons Function WuhanSelid waste Envoi. Envoi. 5 Envoi. management monitoring hygiene management center management & bureau monitoring XiangfanSolid Envoi section Hygiene 3 - 5 Envoi. wastemanagement management management office & monitoring HuangshiSolid Envoi. Envoi. 5 Envoi. waste management monitoring Hygiene management center bureau & monitonng YichangSolid Envoi.section Envoi. Envoi. wastemanagement Hygiene management bureau & rmonitoring 2. TheResRonsibilities of the AboveEnvironmental Administrative Organizations Afterthe completionof the project,the responsibilitiesof the environmentalprotection organizationsconsist of the following: (I) Carryingout the lows,regulations and satisfyingthe requirementof the standardswith regardto environmentalprotection. (2) Orgaaiizinsuch activities as to makeand modifyrules and regulationson environmental protection administrationof the enterprisesto whichthey are affiliatedand supervisingtheir implementation. (3) Making programsand plans on the environmentalprotection and organizingthe implementation. (4) Guidingand organizethe supervisionof the environmentof the enterprise. (5) Checkingthe operationof the environmentalprotection installations of the enterprise. (6) Organizingthe technologicaltraining on environmentalprotection in the enterpriseto enhancethe relevantquality of the personnel. (7) Organizingthe scientificstudy and the academicexchanges in regardto environmental protectionin the enterprise. 7-3 (8) Making regular contact with the local environmental protection department for cooperations. 7.2.3 Implementation of Environmental Administration 7.2.3. I EnvironmentalManagement Durini, Construction Period I. AtmosphericEnvironmental Manapement Making demandson the units in charge or the construction, clarifyingtheir responsibilitiesand urging them to take effective measures to reduce the pollution of the atmosphere made by dust and the tail gas discharged by the equipment in operation. 2. Wastewater Management Clarifying to the units in charge of the construction the demand on the discharge of wastewater and the responsibilitythey should take, organizing regular checks and exercising supervisionas wellas managementto make sure not to permit the discharge of wastewater until it meets the requirement of the standard. 3. Noise Management Clarifyingthe responsibilitiesand requirementson the units in charge of the construction. takdngmeasures to strengthenthe labor protection of the personnel in site, providing them with ear-protection helmets or sound isolation earplugs etc., demanding the units in charge of the construction to set up noise controlling installationsaccording to relevant stipulations and to make sure of their effective operation. The managementsetups should make regular checks to prevent possible accidents. 4. Solid Waste Management Clarifying fo the units in charge of the construction the requirements and the responsibilitythey shouldtake, making regular checks and urging the units to backfillthe waste residue and to collect and treat the domestic refiuseaccording to the relevant requirements. 5. Public Health ManaLernent During the construction of the project, the environrmentaladministration organization shouldhelp the localquarantine departnents to check the units in charge of the construction and the relevant personnel by stages and in groups, clarifyingto the units the managementdemand on food hygieneand their responsibilityof detatizationas wel as mosquito prevention, exercising supervision and management over their implementation of such responsibilities, organizing regular quarantine inspectionsof the personnel, making physical examinations of the people engaged in the diet of the public and reporting to the units the result of the examinationand putting forward the idea for the treatment. 6. Managementof the Construction-CompletedConstruction Site Clarifying to the units in charge of the construction the requirements and the responsibilitiesthey shouldtake and demandingthem to conduct greenling at the area around the construction site according to the green planning so as to beautify the environment and to prevent the earth from further damage. 7-4 7.2.3 ) Operation Phase I. EnvironmentalManauement of Urban Wastewater Treatment Proiecis (1) Water Quality Management Making water quality monitoring plan for the operation period of projects and then requiring the environmentalmonitoring station to exercise the plan. simultaneousiv clarifing to the units iz; charge of the project operatior. the requirements and the responsibilities they should take, and ensuring the normal functioning of the wastewater treatment equipmem. (2) Management of Odor Trying best to prevent irrelevantpeople from entering the treatment site and establishing green isolationband aroundthe treatment plant to reduce the influence of the offensive odor on the environment (3) Water Resource Management in the Low Reaches of the Wastewater Outlets Defining the aims for the water resource management in the low reaches of the wastewater outlets, making the water quality monitoring plan for the water in the low reaches of the river and then presentingit to the environmentalmonitoring station to the plan exercising. (4) Solid Waste Management During the pretreatment.mud is to be directly transported to urban life refuse treatment centers for treatment. (5) EnvironmentalGreenling Management Plantingcamphor trees. orientalarborvitae, glossy privets and palms around wastewater treatment plants, pump stations.between buildings or along the sides of the streets to reduce the density of the harmful gas (offensive odor) in the atmosphere to improve the scenery, beautiify the environment as weil as to reduce noise. 2. MunicipalSolid Waste Management Project (I) Environmental administration organization should implement its responsibility strictly according to relevant laws and regulation. and execute the laws and regulation strictly. (2) Making regular coordinatecontacts with relevant environmental protection departments. (3) Organizing the implementation of environmental monitoring plan, analyzing the monitoring data, promptlydiscovering and solving all kind of environmental problems. establishing monitoringfiles. (4) Holding regular professionaltraining of the drives. operating workers at the landfill site and the relevant management personnel to strengthen the education of environmental conscious, and making routine checks. (5) Organizing the personnel by stages and in groups to visit and make on-the-spot investigation of other typical landfill site(eg. the ones where accidents occur). 3. Industrial Pollution Proiects The detailed items of the plan are as foUlows: 7-5 (1) Establishingthe strict checkingsystem according to the environmentalstandards. The environmentalmanagement department shall make a checkat evervworkshop on the basisof the requirementin the statisticforms by the higheradministration, managing to connectthe discharge amountof the workshopwith its monthlybonus. rewarding the workshopwith small discharge amountand punishingthe workshopon the opposite. (2) Establishingmanagement system on the operation of environmentalprotection improvementinstallation are not allowedto be in reducedoperation Ol to be stopped.If such case occur, the responsibleunits willbe punishedto ensure the normal fulloperation of the environmentalprotection improvement installation. (3) Establishing"Three Wastes" monitoring and data feedbacksystem. The environmental monitoringdepartment is responsiblefor monitoring of the "Threewastes" in the plantaccording to the requirementin the environmentalmonitoring implementation plan, makingrecords in regard to environmentalprotection, and on the basis of the records carryingout checksand presentingreports to higheradministration. (4) Perfectingthe three levelmanagement network in the plant (three leveli.e. individual workshopand plant levels),holding regular routine meetings to guaranteethe fill implementation of the environmentalmanagement regulations against the possibleaccidents. (5) Duringthe progressof rebuildingor expansionprojects in the plant,the environmental managementdepartnent should help make and presentthe report on the environmentalinfluence to the higheradministrations. and supervise the implementationof the requirementsin the report withthe localenvironmental departments. ensuring that the "ThreeWastes" treatment measures are designed,implemented and operatedsimultaneously with the design,implementation and operationof the correspondingprojects. (6) During the constructionof rebuildingor expansion projects, the environmental managementdepartment should do the environmentalmonitoring well, guaranteeing the health and safetyof the buildersand nearbyresidents. (7) Partcipatingthe investigationand treatment of the pollutionaccidents and the dispute overpollution accidents and thenparticipating the report makingas wellas report presenting to higheradministrations. (8) Organizingenvironmental projection management personnel regularly to attend the professionallearning, technological training so as to improvetheir managementlevel. (9) Strengtheningthe educationand propagandain regard to environmentalknowledge amongthe personalofthe enterprise.The environmentaleducation is one of the importantparts of the environmentalmanagement of the enterprise.It may be conductedin the spare time education,that is to say.adding environmental protection principles, laws and regulationsto the contentof the educationand adding environmental protection and ecologyto the contentof the educationin popular science. The aim of the educationis to help the personnelto formthe good habit in civilizedproduction and obeyingdiscipline as well as abidingby the law. and to help themestablish the senseof responsibilityin benefitingthe people. (10) Bringingthe environmentalprotection plan of the plant into its overalldevelopment of the environmentalprotection and the economicbenefit. 7-6 7.3 Environmental Monitoring 7.3.1 Scope of Environmental Monitoring 7.3.1 I. The Content of EnvironmentalMonitorinig Environmental monitoring consists of the activities such as environmental sample collection,laboratory test, informationanalyses and report compilationin regard to the major possible pollution caused by the pi oject in its construction and oparation periods. The detailsmonitoring plans of the individualprojects were prepared as discussed in EA documents for the individual projects. The content of the environmental monitorng, responsibilities,samnpling are briefly listed below. The cost of the monitoring plans for the individualprojects are also present. Table 7.3-I EnvironmentalMonitoring Investment for each sub-project Item name Environ. monitoring investment (ten thousand) WahineWastewater treatment 500.00(includingbuilding and equipments) XiangfanWastewater treatment 295.20(including buildingand equipments) Huangshi Wastewater treatment 30.OO(equipments) WahineSolid waste manageanemet 10.00(equipments) Huangshi Solid waste management 16.33(equipments) [PC of XiangflinChemical Plant 15.00(equipments) IPC of Yichang Cement Plant 10.40(equipments) EPCof JingmenCement Plant 10.40(equipments) IPC of Echeng Iron & Steel Plant 104.00(equipments) 7-7 Table 7.3-2 Roles and Responsibilitiesofthe Monitoring Network ( luhan) 'WVk Unit Rcaupmiblhs RenwA DO: . Testing undMonitorng W'Ark foi WTI's influenisand cliluent. and I: MM sudge ii. Samplingand MonitunmngWorkl fur the pol lution liall luImied downstreamof Luoiaaluisiillall (mainlvdut ltIrfltnginiau cilluenil *_ischarge) ' ' _ Xihahu moniitring and examnatltin olinfluent and cfluent. as:will as analvtical lah is WTI' sludgyon a dail" base availablc now W.E.M. i. Routinemonitoring Ioir last. South. Moshui mid NaIItnizi Lakes. Experiencedin urban $S andFu River and the Yangtze: lakesand rivers ii. Ecologicalmonitoring oir Moshui Lake and Southi Lake: monitoring. iii. Training envi. monitor. sttff for the Network: neededMonitor.for Cr.sthe andProject Pit _iv. collection ormonitoring data information of the Network;: are incuded in its Preparation ol'reports routine monitor. scheme. excep=ing for additional three oi I more. HlIIlMC Eutrophication invesuigalimnand ecological monitoring related to mistLake. Table7.3-3 MonitoringSections and Pointsfor Water Qualityin Operation(XiangfanUWT) Watercourse Posiba-i'nd quantty - = ll.ustration. Hlan River 3 points of left. middle aid right Cr.S. of Comparison at Cr.S. of Baijiawan Water W______orks______ Han River 3 points of left mniddleand right Cr.S. of control at Cr.S.700m downstream of the HanRiver Bridgein Xiangfan Hlan River 3 points of lefi. middle and right Cr.5. of control at Cr.S. 30Dmr,downstream of Yuliang Isle Han River- 3 points uf left middle and right Cr.S. olXxontrol at Cr.S. lO1mupsuneam of wvater intke of Hubei Pharmacutic ______Plant 1lan River 3 points of left, mniddleand right Cr.S. of control atCuijiaving Cr.S. HlanRiver 3 points of leil middle and tight Cr.5i.of reduction at Cr.S. I 0m upstream of wvater intak-eof XimngianFifth Power Plant _ _ Xiatqing River 2 points of left and riht at 5Dm Cr.S. of control ahead orXiaoqing River confluence into the Han 7-8 Table7.3-4 Water QualityMonitoring of the YangtzeRiver and Wastewaters lReceivingwvater tnr eliluent Siamplingsection Na. rfsampling Institute TrheYangtze main flowV Fxisting water quality sampling section (b) 6x3 Envirinmental nmonitoring.atiicwr of Wthan and River .Huangshi poflutioln ISOm downstream oflthe I.ojialu outfall 2x4 hIell ISO in downstrmittnltlnNanitaiihu outfall Nuiihii1L.alk: YiingiiigiaingSlienliig.tzi 3 2 Wastew"atertreatment plant Existingsanmplinig site En'ironmental monitoring station ifWuhan NeNvlysampling site:ncur ilie outfall Inillient and eliluentpositin ol i'wastewater treatment Wastewatercounpany plant _ Table 7.3-5 EnvironmentalMonitoring in OperationPhase of SWMPin Wuhan M.Seope Moniloring Items M.Frequeicy Monitoring Points Ambient air in the CH.,,I LS, Nil ,, TSP ance a season a point in the site, Gas Station and Jinkixi %illage site L.cnehiatq BOD,, COD,, voatile phenol, sunmof bacteria, water once a month two points: leachateoutlet and vaseatva1er dis:hare volumn oullet (Lijia Flodgate) (iround %vater BOD,, CODaEvolatile phenol. I lo, As sum of bacteria. once a season a point at in-site gmd wautr nmni-oringwell and &Is coliforin arteria, p1l upper & lower reaches respectihvly Soil plT,sum or_b&ieteriaonce a year a point at lonwerreachs or grund xwitcrflowing icuite Noise Acoustic:Level A onuc a season one point in the sitc, Gas Station andJinkon 'uillag Mosquiloesand Densityof mosquitoesand flies once a month from a point in the site and a point in Jinkou village flies June to Sept 7-9 Table 7.3-6 Environmental Monitoring in Operation Phase of SWMP in Huangshi M.Scope MoniloringItems M Frequency MonitoringPoints Ambientair in the CH4, 2S,NH,. TSP once a month Eachpoint in thesite center and inorganic site saihplan Leachate BOD,,COD,,, voatilc phenol, sum of bacceria,pH, once a month two points:leachate outlet and dischargeoutkt coliformbacteria, water volume Groundwater BOD3,CODO, volatile phenol, Hg. As sumof bacteria, once a month Each pointat upper(Qingiogzui)& kower(Wangiiawan) colifornnarteria, pH-I reachesrespectively, and a pointin the sitc c itcr Soil pH.sum of bacterize,volatile phenol once a year a pointat loucr reachesof gmundwxater fkming nxle Noise AcousticLevel A once a year one pointin thesite centerand five poins %veUl-iUihutcd at theside and eachtranfer stationreW Mosquitoesand Density of mosquitoesand flies tWicea monthfrom April 5-10net-distributed points in the qxrating areaorthc site flies to November 7-10 Table 7.3-7 EnvironmentalMonitoring in OperationPhase of SWMPin Yichang Itemcontent Position Items Time Atmospll c Threesites: methenn,14,S, TSPl HS2,TSP: once every month, methane daily monitored by One on the dam tor waste,two on the ditch,the the centerof monitoringand controllingorncc highnessof the monitoringsites willrise alongwith that of waste pile. Undergroundwater Ihrccsitcs: p11,BOD5, COD,, ctc. Monthly;a fewyears later, season. lly. miid then yearly The lowerreaches of the dam for wasteand for leachate respectively,and the upperreaches of the landfillarea. Surfacewater Twvositcs: pi 1,13ODs, COD,, etc, Monthly;a fewyears later, seasonally. and then yearly Tansshuzhiuianm Yanwan Leachate Twosites: pi 1,BOD,, COD., SS Daily Waste water pool,and dischargingmouth 7-I 1 Table 7.3-8 Monitoring Spot Setting-up(Huangshi) Waterbody or wastewater Monitoringcross-section in the Smplinz 3oint undertaker outfall Yangtze (workunit) Name No. * the Yangtze Main ThreeGorge 3 HluaneshiEnvironmcnt stIream Xishaishan 3 MonitroingStalion Fengbogang 3 WaterWorks 3 Pollution Yuangiiagang belt 3 Shengyaiiggang 2 HEMSand lluangshi Wastewater Comnpany Cihu Lake . 15 HEMS Industrialoutfall into Dependingon thesituation of differentplants HEMSand Huangshi municipal sewer system WastewvaterCompany (MonitoringTeam) 7-12 8. Public Participation The H-UEP project wrillprovide a areatly improvements in municipal wastewater collection.wastewater treatment, solid waste managementand air quality of the Urban areas, and provide for improvements of the livingconditions of residents in the zone of impact. As the anticipation of environmentalimpact. some adverse effects may caused by the project in both construction phase and operation phase. such as a special sludge disposal facility, construction of solid waste transfer station and landfill, and acquire land for the construction. It is also important for the community to know that the municipal government and enterprises are improving the urban environmentalcondition and Up-grading the physical plant and that the impact on the surrounding community are mainlybound to be positive. To ensure public understanding the significanceand cooperating the implementationof the project as well as eliminatingthe adverse effects caused by the construction of project, a- public participation were carried out in the procedure of individual EA. 8.1 Public Comments The investigation is based on the combination of the particularity and contingency. Particularity means the target people of investigation are from all sections of the society (workers, peasants. soldiers. students and merchants);Contingencymeans the accidental choice for target people. So that the investigationis fair and without any prejudice. Accordingto the situationof China,the public participation of this project can be divided into two parts, the publicparticipation and the experts participation. The comparison of these two kinds of participation can be found at the Table 8 1-1. 1. Experts Participation: through consoling, evaluation and joint research of the experts on technologicaland decision-makingproblems to improve environmental evaluation work. 2. Public Participation: organizing symposiums. private visits :distributing investigation forms to get the opinions of the concemed governmental institutions, people organizationsand people fromvarious sectors in the project cities and influenced areas, especially to the projects involvingemigration, garbage disposal and factories moving out. At the process ofthe environmentalevaluation, the publicwere informed in time about the environmental,social and economical benefits caused by the projects ,as well as the possible harmful influencewhich may be caused by the projects, and the measure would be adopted to eliminate or reduce them. Public'sopinion to the projectconstuction and the impmving ideas about the safeguard measures were also asked. All the 13 subsidiary projects have been discussed on the environment evaluation conference.As the meansof publicparticipation are various, the subsidiary projects are described as following: I. Wastewater treatment proiects To make the investigationof the project mainlyby distributedthe investigationforns. But no opinionsfrom the residents living at the lower reaches of the water, it needs to be completed later. 8-1 2. Solid waste management projects * In the investigationof Yichangproject, symposium, oral inquiry and investigationforms have been taken into practice. * No public investigationwas carried out in Wuhan and Huangshi project. It needs to be compieted later. * Xiangfan project oniy received25 returned investigation forms. 3. Industry pollutioncontrol projects Distributing investigation forms, interview, symposium were taken in this project's investigation. The details of investigationforms see also table B.I-I The representatives took part in this public participation covered people from various social stratums. From the view of education, include people from the illiteracy to the master- degree holders;from the view ofjob, includepeople of differentlevels, farmers, workers, officers, policemen,medical pensioners, students, teachers, self-employed laborers, entrepreneur, scientific and technical workers, drivers and hotel staiIl from the view of age, include people under 20 to people over 65 years old. View the situation as a whole, most of the public representatives considered that the construction of this projects would bring about positive effects on themselves' living, working, studying and entertainment. And most of the residents expressed their understanding to the possibleharmfuil influence may be emergedduring the projects' construction and operation, they also raised some very good precautionary measures. All the resettlements expressed they would move actively to insure the project going on smoothly. They also asked for some economical compensation from the project. 8-2 Table8.1- I Tableof the publicand expertsparticipating the investigationof the projects numberstiff nmibersin rateor retil SONsx Education Reiurks nm f Primary Middle PulytechnicCollege pr-ojects school school schnol Scwage treatmentin Wuhan 170 129 76 86 43 6 18 48 57 Sievage Ireatment in I luangshi 100 79 79 55 24 J Sewagetreatment in Xianglon 75 49 65 42 7 I 3 25 20 Solid wastemanagement in 0.41 0.16 0.22 0.21 Yichanig _ ___ _ Solid wostemanagement in Wuluan Solidlwaste inianagenientin 25 Xiangfan. _ Solidwaste management in Huangshi_ Industrial pollutioncontrol in 100 100 100 53 47 EchengIron&8 Stee I Pollutioncontiol in l-lubei 66 66 100 phannaccetlical factory _ Poltitioncontrol in Jingmen 39 39 100 , I 4 16 3 cemcinl pliitIl_ Pollutioncontrol in Yichang II II 100 _ 3 cementplant Poultltioncointrol in Xiangrln 9( 612 68 chemicalplant Pollutioncontrol in Erxichemical plant _ 8-3 8.2 L-and Acquisition. Relocation and Resettlement Proposed subjectsof HIJEP project are facingthe issues of land acquisition, resettlement and compensation. Some farmers will lose their land because of the acquisition of farming land. Residents living in the sites of proposed plants will move away from their homes. Residents affected by project construction may also need relocation. [n order to carry out the proposed projects successfully,it is verv important to solve the problems on residents re-employment and resettlement. Specific acting plan for residents resettlement has been perforrried during the primacy implementationphase of project and EA procedures. 8.2.1 Residents Related Land Acquisition and Resettlement Residents need relocated and resettled by the proposed projects are classified into three categories: I) Farmers whose land will be occupied by land acquisition of the proposed projects. 2) Residents who need displaced by land acquisitionof the proposed projects. 3) Residents who need displaced so as to avoid adverse impacts for public health. Statistic of this case is presented in Table 8.2-1. 8-4 Table8.2-1 Statistic of landacquisition. demolished area and affected residentfor HBEP Nameol Project TotalAreas of l.and Demolished Affected Acquisition(ITL I Areas(mu) Residents Wuhunmunicipal waste1;Jier treatment 1098 36382 1567 Xiangfanmunicipal wastcwvater trcatmcnt 739.38 9075 temporary rclocation Huangshimunicipal wastewater rreatmcnt 92.67 322 Wuhansolid waste management 27012(fishpond 266) Huangshisolid wastc management 186.8(fishpond 138.3) . 612 Xiangfansolid waste management 511.4 t680 I10 Yichangsolid waste management 365 2502 77 Comprehnsivepollution control orEcheng 86.5 200 Iron-Stedplant Relocationof lingmencement plant 172.5 59 Relocationof Yichangcement plant 234 1101.6 25 Wastewatertreatment of Hubei 17.92 36 (rseutled) pharmaceuticalplant Industrialpollution control of Xiangfan 45 30 chemical plant Industrialpollution control orExi chemical - plant . Total 3859.37 . 50740.6 3138 8.2.2 Resettlement 8.2.2.1 Provisionof HouseholdResettlement In accordance with the regulationsand administrativerequirements for household relocationand resettlementset by State administrationand localgovernment in each proposed site, provisionsof householdresettlement are as follows: * With regard of buildings,should be resettled as same constructionareas as before dernolished o With regardof living-house.should be resettledas sameusable living-area as before pulled doawn * For residentsmoving to new town from older town or movingfrom less than 7 m' per capitalliving area. shouldbe resettledto an appropriateliving-area. * For residentsmoving from more than 20 m2 per capital living-area. should be resettled to an appropriateliving-area within 20 m2. 8-5 8.2.2.2 Compensation of Relocation and Temporarv Resettlement According to State administration and municipalities' regulations. construction organizationsof proposed project are better to compensate residents at one time. With regard of residents need temporary resettlement before final relocation, the construction organizations should pay temporarv resettlement allowances and moving subsidiary to displaced residents. Moving subsidiary could be paid to displaced residents directly, but temporary resettlement allowances should be paid to the resettlement offices by the construction organizations. 8.2.2.3 Resettlement Arrangementfor Surplus Laborer after Land Acquisition According to the Announcement on Resettlement of Surplus Laborer after Land Acquisition issuedby Hubei Province Labor PersonnelDepartrnent and Hubei Province Land Administrative Bureau, all surplus laborers should be resettled satisfactory. 8.2.2.4 Resettlement Plan and Fee of Surplus Laborers According to related regulations and resettlement arrangement, resettlement plan and fee of surpluslaborers should be decided after detailed discussions within construction organization of proposedpr6jects, organizationsof land acquisitionand affectedpersons, whilst local govermment in the proposed sites will act as intennediatorand supervisor.Resettlement plan and fee of surplus laborers are presented in Table 8.2-2. Table 8.2-2 Resetdement bf Displaced Residents as Construction of the Proposed Projects Nmncuf Projccl Resettled Timetableof RelocationDistrict Residents Resettlement Xiangfanwastewater treatment No No Wuhanmunicipal wastewater tratnenl 1587 1985.7 one county,one feeding finm,tree villages Hungshi municipalwastewaxertrealnt 20 1995.7 municipallabor adminisn-aion Xiangftnsolidwaste management 260 1995.8 Qinghe%illage Wuhansolidwaste management No No No Huangshisolidwaste maanagement project 96 19%.1 Xishaicounty Yichangsolidwaste management project 177 1995.3 Sha-hevillage Comprehensivepollution control of AchingIron- 200 1994.7 the iron-steel Steel manufacture Relocationof Jingmencement plant 17 1995.1 the cementplant Relocationof Yichangcement plant 140 1995.1 relatedplant Wastewatertreatment of Hubeipharmaceutical 36 1991.4 Hubeipharmaceutical manufbcture manufacture Industrialpollution control of Exi chemicalplant No No Industrialpollution control of Xiangfanchemical 30 1996.9 thechemical plant plant _ 8-6 8.2.3 Conclusion Approximately3.860 mu(a unit of area = 0.0667 hectares) of land acquisition will be used for the proposed projects. lt was estimated that an area of 40.740 m2 would be demolished. and 3.138 residents would be affected by land acquisition and resettlement. Differed from western countries. China has its own working procedure dealing with displacedresident's resettlement during proJectworks. The resettlement of displaced residents will be implemented smoothly. During the period of feasibilitystudy and initial designing of the proposed projects, residentsinvolved in discussingresettlement procedures, then they fully know standard of compensation for displacement,so they support their assistance to the construction works. Displacedresidents will be resettledas much as possible at initial town or at initial county. There is little adverse impact for resident's life style. New land willbe distributed to firmers who are willingto farm by the local government. Residents whose part of land were occupied will be settled down at suitable enterprises owned by initialcounty or proposed projects. Displaced residents are all pleasure to get compensation. Some of them are looking forward to working at the enterprises It was considered that construction of the proposed projects will be great benefit for improvingresident's livingstandard. Total compensationof resettlement was arranged to reach 186.5 million Yuan according to specific compensation standard at each proposed site. Resettlement places for displaced residents were decided. so that land acquisition and resident's resettlement will be done successfully. 8-7 9. Conclusion and Recommendation The proposedHubei UrbanEnvironmental project (HUEP) is an importantpart of the overall strategy of Hubei Environmentalprotection of co-operation both urban facilities constructionand Environmentalprotection measures. The implementationof the proposedproject willbe significantfor HubeiUrban's development and the improvementof enviromnentalsituation and sanitary conudition,and will provide a suitable environmentcondition for sustained developmentof the societyand economyof Hubeiprovince in the future. Basedon the requirementsof Chinese"Circular on StrengtheningEnvironmental Impact Assessment Managementfor Construction Projects Financed by International Financial Organizations"(1993, No.324 ) and the OperationalDirective 4.01 : EnvironmentalAssessment [ OD4.01:EA issuedby the WorldBank, A fullEA Reportfor HUEP, whichincluding 13-sub- project, was preparedby the Centerfor EnvironmentalPlanning and Assessment,CRAES. Condusion: Accordingto the analysisand assessment,beneficial effects of the HUEP are significantAlthough there are somepotential adverse effects, all the identifiedadverse effects are temporaryand insignificant.In the pre-designstage, a numberof mitigationmeasures have been considered,and all of the adverseeffects will be minimized.So the proposedproject is feasible, whichalso will provide a greatbeneficial effects for environment and society.The surveyof pubiic participationshows that the constructionof the proposedproject will improveresident's living conditionsand residentswould liketo providesupports to the developmentof local economy accordingto the commentsof most expertsand residentsin the zone of impact. Residentsneed resettle supporting the construction of the proposed projects with satisfiction of the compensation.Districts and places for residentsrelocation are almost selected. Conclusionsand recommendationsof EAs for specificproject are listedbelow. 9.1 Condusions for Wastewater Treatment Components Theproposed wastewater treatment component for Wuhan,Huangsh, Xlangfaninclude wastewatercollection systems, wastewater treatmentplants and disposed. The wastewater collectionsystem will serve for the majorarea of Wuhanand Huangshi,and over the urbanarea of Xiangfan.The proposedwastewater treatment plants are a part of the wastewatertreatment and managementplan of the cities, i.e. the objectof first stage. 9.1.1 Major benefits 9.1.1.1 Wastewatercollection systern 1. Improvingand enlargingthe drainagesystems of the three cities, Wuhan,Huangshi and Xlangfan,increasing draining capacity and shutdownmany existingdrainage points Scrapped wastewaterdrainage being altered by controDleddischarge with treatment process. 2. All wastewater currently discharge to the East Lake area,, nearly 75% wastewater currentlydischarged to the MoshiLake willbe intercepted,followed by 80 % at Cihulake area. 100 % at Fanchengarea. Thereforethe water qualityand ecosystemof receivingwaterbody (Urban lakes and streams)will be greatly improved,which should be helpfiulfor resolving problemson contaminationof urban lakesand lake'seutrophication. 9-1 3. The water balanceof Wuhan Urbanlakes such as East Lake and Moshi Lake will be containedby water supplementengineering so that the lakes wouldn't be deteriorating. 4. Alterthe implementationof the Eastlake treatment project, the water qualityof lakeswill be improved,especially. decreasing the total levelof ammonia. It is benefitfor water treatment plantswhich drawn water from lakes currently.The improvedwater qualitywill has advantages for publichealth, especially benefit to the floatingpopulation living on the bake of the East Lake, usinglake's water as drinkingwater directly. 5. Promotingthe utilizationof urbanlakes, such as developingtourism, recreation on water and enterainmenton water,meanwhile, creating a new comfortableliving environment for urban residents. 6. Eliminatingdispersed wastewater drainage in the proposed sites, reducing explosionof toxic chemicalsand infectiousdiseases relevant to water use. 9.1.1.2 WastewaterTreatment Plant I. Reducingthe dischargeamount of organicmaterials, suspended solids, and heavymetals absorbedonto suspendedsolids. 2. Increasingthe seweragetrEatment rate, and changingthe historyof no municipalwaste watertramnent plant or onlyhaving small sewerage treatment plants. The wastewatertreatment capacityof Wuhancould reach to 89.72x 10' m3/d,which will be 23 % of the total amountin Wuhan,fboowed by 10 x 10'm3/d of the capacityof wastewaterpre-treatnent in Huangshi,52.42 x 10 md/ in Xangfn, and all of the wastewaterin FanchengUrban area willbe treated. 3. Decreasingthe possibilitiesof beinginf&cted by Bacteriafdiarrhoea, Hepatitis A, Typhoid fever, malaria,round worm, and so on. Reducingthe mnicrobiologicalcontamnination and toxic materialswhich may pose healthdangers to water users. 4. Improvingthe situationof firmingproducts and flutes contminated by pollutedwater. 9.1.2 MainAdverse Effects and MitizationMeasures 1. Effluentfrom the primaryor pre-treatmentplants in Wuhanand Huangshidischarge to the YangtzeRiver with a simpledisposal method, may cause a pollutionbelt catchingthe banks of the River.Effluent from the Yuliangzhoupre-treatment facility in Xiangfandischarge to the Han River, may cause a pollutionbelt in the main flow zone of the River. The downsteam's waterquality of the outfallwill be affbctedby the effluent.However, the size of pollutionbelt are relativelysmall and the impactperiod is limitedin dry season. The effluentfrom the Luejialu outfill mayaffect the water-qualityof the drinkingwater source at WuhanIron & Steel planfs location,7 Km downstreamof the outfall. 2 Effluentfrom Longwanzi wastewater treanent plantin Wuhan dischargeto NanhuLake, may causewater qualitydeteriorated and eutrophication.Suggest study on the issue of South Lake eutrophication,and recommendthat techniqueof diphosphateand denitrogencould be acceptedat wastewatertreatment plants. J. As water replacementengineering drawing water from the YangtzeRiver to the East 9-2 Lake for keepingthe aquaticbalance of the Lake, potentialdanger of propagationof Bilharzia worm is existing. Once Bilharzia worms are carried into urban lakes. it will threaten resident's health. especially population directly using lake water. It is suggested that to set up a sanitary surveyin the areaof drawnwater, to selectsuitable water intakeand to strengthenanti-BDlharzia worm strategy. 4. Operaionof wastewatertreatment plant and wastewaterpump stationlead to a seriesof problemson noisepollution anid odor Protectivemeasures should be set up such as separating areas and makinggreen places by plantingtrees. 5. The issue of sludge generatedby operation of wastewater treatment facilities and wastewaterpump stations were considered in primary designing.As the sludge willbe deterred priorto disposal.No adverseeffect willbe causedby transportationof sludge from the plant to disposalsite. Finaldisposal of the sludgeshould be chosen basedon characterstics of treated wastewater,.compositionsof the sludgeas wellas the dewateringapproach of the sludge. 9.1.3 Recommendation 1. Duringthe implementationof wastewatertreatment project, abundant areas surrounding the sitesof Shahuprimary treatment plant, Chengjiawan pre-treatment plant and Yuliangzhoupre- treatmentplant should be occupiedadvance for constructionof secondarytreatment facilities. 2. Strengtheningmanagement of wastewaterpump station and wastewatertreatment plant, assuring equipmentmaintenance. strict operationguidance and avoidingpipe jam or stopping productionfor maintenance. 3. In planningthe middleterm strategy of the Urban wastewaterpollution control, the mitigationmeasures for minimizingthe adverseimpacts on the downstream'swater qualityof the YangtzeRiver, the Han river,and the Nanhulake, caused by dischargedwastewater from the Luejialuoutfall, Longwanzui treatment plant and the Yuliangzhoupre-treatment plant, should be concernedas firstpriority. 4. As the growth of the society and economy, the wastewatervolume will be greatly increasedin the next 10years and will be continuallydischarged to the YangtzeRiver and the Han River. At the present time, there isn't the comprehensivemathematical model for the rivers managementand wasteloadsallocation. Without a proper mathematicalmodel, it is difficultto hold long term impactcaused by wastewaterand making a comprehensivewater resources planning. So it is stronglysuggest to establisha comprehensive water quality model for managementof the YangtzeRiver and the Han River. 9.2 Conclusionsfor Urban Solid Waste Management Components The proposedsolid waste management components in four citiesinclude equipping solid waste collection,transfer facilitiesand buildingsanitary landfill. The service scope of the proposedsolids waste coUlection system in Huangshi XMangfan, Yichang is able to over-coverthe wholeurban area, the serviceareas in Wuhanconcentrate at Jianghanand Hongkoudistricts, the closed transfer stationsare used, and the process of sanitarylandfill willbe established.The beneficialeffects of solidwaste managementcomponents in tour cities are predominant,all of 9-3 the adverse effects caused by transfer process or landfill process will be minimizedafter consideringproject designing. 9.2.1 Major BeneficialEffects 9.2.1.1 Collectionand Traisfer Alongwith increasingthe capacityof solidwaste collection,the situationof disordered disposal of solid waste will be changedrapidly with popular educationand dissernination. Improvingsanitary conditions so as to eliminateinfectious diseases relevant with fly, mouse. Reducingwork loadof solidwaste cleaner. 9.2.1.2 SanitaryLandfills Increasingsolid waste treatmentcapacities in Wuhan,Hangshi, Xlangfan and Yichang; endingthe historyof no of professionalsanitary landfili in Xiangfanand Huangshi.Eliminating the adverseimpacts on surfacewater, groundwater, atmosphere, ambient ecosystem caused by simplydisposal, and improving sanitazy conditions. Reducing unsanitary sites with the conditions of breedingfly, mouse and relevantdiseases. Saving farmiing land whichmay be occupiedby simplywaste disposal . 9.2.2 Main AdverseEffects and Mitigation Measures ( see chapter 5) 9-2.2.1Transfer station 1. Trasfer stationsusally distnbutein urbanarea. During the constructionof the projects. residentsdaily life will be distrbed by machinenoise, dust, tail-gas, etc. Theseshort term adverse effectscould be miniaturizedby rationalarrangement of timetablesfor constructionoperation. 2. In operationpriod, the macEinarynoise, Odor may disruptthe residentslieing on the suroundingarea ofthe tranuferstations. The tansfer station shouldbe kept cleanwhile running. 9.2.2.2 Sanitary landfill 1. In the feasibilitystudy of the project, several environmentalprotection measuresare plannedto avoid damageto the emvirounentalby the landfill.The generaldesign for groundwater prtecion andleachate trame, and gascollection have been made.The anticipationusing the modelsfor air qualityand grundwater as wellas odor dispersionshows the effectsof waste gas emaisionand leachatedischarge will be minimized. 2- Primaryimpact on the environmentinclude disruption of the area, dust and noiseemission resultingfrom the constructionprocess. 3. As worker's healthis affectedmore on less by noise comingfrom landfillfacilities or exposureto solidwaster, related protective measures should be set up. 4. Maing greenbelts by plantingtrees to keep aport dustingand odor diffusioncaused by landfill. 9-4 9,2.2,3Recommendation. j1.; Duringthe periodof landfill,to avoid damageof leachateand gas collectionsystem and by machines,strict operation gnidances, recover solid waste with land tritelyand increaseheight of intro-Gas-pipe. 2. At Yichangsanitary landfill, the attentionshould be paid to the groundwatermonitoring to preventthe impiLctcaused bv leachateleakage. 9.3 Conclusionror Industrial Pollution Control Components Industrialpollution control componentinclude pollution control of Ezhouiron & steel, Jingmnencement, Hubei pharmaceutical, Yichang cement, Xiangfan chemical and Erxichemical. Thecharacteristics of the proposed[PC components fall into both end-pipetreatment and clear production process. As the clear production process will be employed., not only the environmentalbenefits, also the economicbenefits can be achievedby the [PC projects.The adverseeffects may present during the constructionperiod caused by noise, dust, and tail gas, and someconstruction waste. The seconday polution caused by treatmentprocess may also present. 9.3.1 Major Environmental Benefits 9.3.1.1 Ezhou[ron & Steel I. Rernoving2295 t/a of finedust emission,once concentrationof TSP willbe reducedby 99.9%. 2. Althoughthe emissionsof NO,,Co, and S52will be increasedby highChimney emission. The contributionsof NO" and CO willbe reducedby 75 % and 70.7% respectively. 3. As reconstructionof No.I Iron & Steel, saving consumption of clergy, reducing productioncost and increasingeconomic benefits. 4. Afterthe rebuildofthe industrialwater system,no effluentwith wastewaterfrom Ezhou Iron & Steel dischargeto YanglanLake and XingangRiver, so water qualitywill gradually recoverwith the pollutioncontrol of YanglanLake and XingangRiver. 5. Thepollutants discharge into Yangtze River. Volatile phenol, cyanide,oil and sulfidewill be reducedby 70.6%,70.4%/a, 79.9%/o and 23.6%respectively. The size of dischargingwastewater into the YangtzeRiver will be reducedby 35.4%. 6. Alongwith increasing utilization of industrialrecycled water, the qualityof reusedwater wilHbe improved. 9.3.1.2 Jingmenand YichangCement Plants 1. Relocationof the Jingmenand Yichangcements will be greatlyhelpful for abatementof air pollutionin two cities,it is anticipatedthat the once concentrationof TSP willbe reducedby 3.625- 0.0 mg/le, and dailyaverage concentration could met classII standardsin Jingmen.The amountof finedust emissionwill be reduced 61 %. 9-5 2. Reducingnoise pollution caused by transportationof raw materialsand products. 3. The existingsite may be used for commercialor non pollutionindustry. 4;. The air pollutionposing health dangers to residentswill be abated after relocationof the two cementplants. 5. The investmentfor envirorrnentalprotection will be increased.The emissionof main pollutants,TSP willbe droppeddown remarkably.The enmissionof fine dust and SO, emission at proposedJingmen cement will be decreasedby 95.4% and 82.2% respectivelycomparing with the existingdata, similarly at proposedYichang cement, the two figureswill be reducedby 95 % and 55.8 %. 9.3.1.3 HubeiPharmaceutical Plant 1. Withthe project,main poilutants such as COD,BODS, Nitrobenzene and Nitrophenolwill be reducedby 80/o,8.s.0/o,70% and 70% respectively,meanwhile, annual discharge amount to the Han Riverwill be decreasedby 2580t, 1677t,13.55t and 2.53t. 2. Waterquality within the proposedzone of the Riverwill reach ClassII Standardswhen the current pollutionbelts disappear.Reducing the impact on aquatic with 2,000msize of downstreamoutfalls, so as to be benefitfbr the growth of aquaticcreatures. 9.3.1.4 XlangfanChemical Plant 1. The em;issionsof fluorideand TSP fromthe enterprisewill be reducedby 24.05t/a and 158.53tla respectvely.The temporary c centrations,dafly avenge concentrationand longterm averageconcentraions of fluriodeand TSP couldmeet class II standards(GB 3095-82),the air qualityin localarea wouldbe improved. 2. Theanal wasteloads of CODS,furiode and total phosphoruswill be reducedby 40.75 tons, 75.52tons and 134.95tons respectively. aq. The consumptionof waterper ton productwill be decreasedfrom 67.34tons to 42.31 tons. 4- Havingpositive impacts for improvingliving conditions of 20,000 residentsat proposed sites and benefitfor the growthof plants. 9.3.1.5 Exi ChemicalPlant 1. The emissionof NO,and SO2 fromthe enterpnsewill be reducedby 783.2 t/a and 168.26 t/a.The maximumreducing rate of'NO,ground surfice conrentrazion is 88 %, the groundsurface concentrationof SO, andTSP willbe kept at the samelevel without greaterthan the limitation of the standard. 2. Waterqualitv of LullingRiver will be improvedgreatly through reducingby suspended particlespt/a, sulfide12.8tla, NH,N 292t/a and wasrewaterdischarge 5 1.34x104tla. 3. Particular pollutant,such as charcoal, could be nade certain product through the 9-6 reparationof reusingengineering, which may obtain a sum of 3,869,00OYuanof economic benefit. 9.3.2 Major adverse effects 9.3.2.1 Comprehensive Pollution Control Project of Echeng Iron & Speel Plant 1. The issues of sludge and odot' from the wastewater plants were considered in the primarv design, with the mitigation measures, however- the final disposai of the sludge from both the coking wastewater treatment plant and the comprehensive wastewater treatment plant and the odor from the coking wstewater treatment plant. 2. With the up-grade of No. I Steel woke the emission of TSP is reduced by 98. 1%. While the emission of NO,, CO and SO, are creased by 92.3%, 113.7% and 92% respectively as the enlarged production. Although the emission of NO,, CO and SO2 comply with the permit standardswith a high chimney,the attention shout by pay to the long term impact of the emissions and accepting newly process for elamilinatingthe emission. 9-7 AS 'VZ? Wolun v rmainms P sit Lai N e..it huku' It. I 3 II Local Map of Wuhan SWM Project and Wuhan MWT Project - C~~~~~~~~-/ ii -.. Xh.qh. ~U~ ~ -.~ J '. I / / C II iii~~~~ [ p.~06 Li) * -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~x3asmub . II. . 1* ln iiaa fa'W r.an W HbiPamcei / I,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ infnCediPat Local MaP- Of XiafnSMPoetICPoeto )-naMWIrjc n w rico uehra*ia ln Hu~~~~~ngshf~~hush Ciicngl uan r ,., s ~ ;l . , x _, km Scale 1: 233, 000 Local Map of Huangshi Clhu Lake Wastewater Treatment Pnolect and Huangshi SWM Project 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.0 L < ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I s;,8~~~~~~~...... ' Jr.i .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J Local Map of Ylchang SWM Project and Relocation of Ylchan. Cement Plant ProUect 3.AcceiuaryProduction Mannugainient Area + V r,5.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 i !~~~T ,. I'dbigquRiw,i * | &1 /< ~~~~XShAnPt_ irk1f ] / \ / / l) ~~~~~~~~~~~Yang1anLake tt i 5 LocaMa fEvrnotlCom hensiv Tratet PoetofEh Iron &l_te Pla Local Map of Environmental ComnprehensiveTreatment Project of EchengIran st8eelPlant O' UE' F m.a t Se U~ ~ ~~~o\.iao;)3Sg a~~~~~~X^ 3.~ ~ X~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4 . 10 'see ii..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~g inOO Vsue~yjt~un415 Ygangojzgmun410 ~60 100 ~K Unit iini-IL Concentration lsogram of BODs Downstream of Shengyanggang Oulfall b. 2/f~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 ConcentrationIsogram of TSP Without IPC Project of Edheng iron & Steel Plant .Concentrmtfrlsogram of TSP With TPC Preject of Ecbeng Iron & Steel Plant 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TSP 3 U I 2,{.# 4 S02 3 3 7. . 7 NO, Dily Average ConeomratioD Isogram of Rioation JAnpmenCement Project p II iloni n SchoolqTllahoo 4 B;FC---D~~~~~~A Xschf, - A\S &w> \~~~~, ~~~~~, // ~~~~~~Scale saloos Unit. Mg/NR) Winter Summer Daily Average Concentration Isogramof TSP With Relocation Dally Average Ylcheng Cement Project Concentration Iiogram of TSP With Rdocation Ylcheng CementProject u~~~~~~~ !aos //>%X%Rail~~~way station 0 Scale 1I35000 0 Locsl Map of Relocation Jiugmen Cement Plant Project