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N E W H O R I Z O N S F O R S C I E N SPE TRA THE NEWSLETTER OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION ( FALL 2002 New Horizons for Science INSIDE [PAGE 7] [PAGE 11] The Living Planet— The Carnegie Institution of Washington Geophysical Laboratory Centennial Symposium 3 Global Ecology Is Born! 3 In the News 4 Attention-Getting Conference at Carnegie 4 Reaching Out at the Observatories 5 Active Black Holes in Galaxy Cluster Bring into Question How Clusters Evolve 7 Carnegie Keeps Architects Busy 7 First Beam: HPCAT Gets Closer to Science with Innovations Galore 8 Diamonds Are Much More Than Just Pretty Gemstones 10 Read All About It 10 Postdoc Profile: Embryology’s Rachel Brewster 11 In Brief 12 Progress on Magellan, [PAGE 8] MIKE, and IMACS 16 • • • • • • • DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT THE GEOPHYSICAL DEPARTMENT CASE/ OF PLANT OF TERRESTRIAL OF EMBRYOLOGY OBSERVATORIES LABORATORY OF GLOBAL FIRST LIGHT BIOLOGY MAGNETISM ECOLOGY 2) DISCIPLINE: Important in Science and Investing A decade ago, the trustees embarked on a new course for managing the Carnegie endowment. And I’m happy to report that the strategy has proved to be highly successful, particularly during this time of market volatility. In 1992, the finance committee decided to allocate the endowment portfolio among three broad asset classes: alternative assets such as real estate and energy investments, do- mestic and international stocks, and fixed income and cash. The major component to our strategy, spearheaded by David Swensen, the chairman of the finance com- mittee, is a relatively large allocation to alternative assets. The result of this approach is that over the past five years the Carnegie endowment has grown by 10.3% ver- sus an average growth of 6.1% at similar institutions. Our success continued through the fiscal year ending June 30, 2002. During that period, similar endow- Carnegie Institution ments declined by 4% on average, while the Carnegie endowment grew by 3.1%. of Washington The key to our healthy financial situation has been sound decision making 1530 P Street, NW and discipline. When markets behave erratically, the temptation is to chase gains. Washington, D.C. 20005 -1910 But the Carnegie trustees stayed firmly on track, and this discipline has paid off. 202.387.6400 We have also been disciplined spenders and cost conscious in other ways. www.CarnegieInstitution.org Through the efforts of Carnegie president Maxine Singer and the department di- rectors, we continue to maintain our goal of keeping endowment spending below President 5% of the endowment’s value. A decade of successful fund-raising activities, Maxine F. Singer orchestrated by Director of External Affairs Susanne Garvey, has also brought Director, Department of Plant Biology money into the institution and raised our public profile. Christopher Somerville Because of these fiscal strengths, Carnegie’s long-term debt rating was Director, raised by Moody’s to a triple A status—a rating level achieved by only some 20 Department of Terrestrial Magnetism Sean C. Solomon other institutions in the country. This status, in turn, will help us keep down the Director, costs of financing the construction of Embryology’s new Maxine F. Singer Department of Embryology Building in Baltimore. Allan C. Spradling The scientific staff has also contributed to our fiscal health. Many re- Director, The Observatories, searchers have been very successful in obtaining grants and initiating collabora- Crawford H. Greenewalt Chair tions with outside organizations, which pool collective resources. Others have Augustus Oemler, Jr. come up with ingenious and cost-efficient ways to design instrumentation. Director, Geophysical Laboratory As we all know, first-rate science requires first-rate facilities. The fiscal re- Wesley T. Huntress, Jr. sponsibility of everyone in the institution has helped us sustain and improve Director, these essential resources. And this helps us achieve our ultimate goal—to Department of Global Ecology Christopher Field maintain world leadership in basic research. I thank you all for your contributions. Director, Administration and Finance John J. Lively Director, External Affairs Susanne Garvey Editor —Tom Urban Tina McDowell Chairman NEW HORIZONS FOR SCIENCE (3 The Living Planet The Carnegie Institution of Washington Geophysical Laboratory Centennial Symposium As a part of the 2002 Carnegie ated Earth from its core, its surface, and near-surface en- centennial celebrations, the vironments. Geophysical Laboratory orga- Scientists came from all over the world and all over nized a four-day symposium, from the U.S. Members of the organizing committee included September 23 through September George Cody, Yingwei Fei, Wes Huntress, Bjørn Mysen, 26, entitled The Living Planet.The and Andrew Steele. The event began with a barbecue at event examined the interactions be- the Broad Branch Road campus on September 22. tween inorganic, organic, and biological Carnegie scientists from both the Geophysical Labora- materials based on observations, theory, tory (GL) and the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism and experiment. The aim was to address prop- (DTM) participated. Larry Nittler, Conel Alexander, erties and processes of these materials as they in- Steve Shirey, Erik Hauri, and Sean Solomon from DTM fluenced the evolution of our planet. The symposium gave talks. GL scientists who spoke included Russell had presentations on the formation of precursor materi- Hemley, Jie Li, Yingwei Fei, George Cody, Robert Hazen, als and bodies in the early solar nebula, processes of Doug Rumble, Bjørn Mysen, Anurag Sharma, James ך .planet formation, and the establishment of the differenti- Scott, Andrew Steele, and Marilyn Fogel Image courtesy NASA Image Global Ecology Is Born! The Department of Global Ecology was officially established on July 1, 2002, with balloons and champagne. Chris Field, the director of the department, gave a brief speech and popped the cork. Staff Member Greg Asner and son unveiled a new campus sign for the Plant Biology/Global Ecology campus in Stanford, California. The system found that is analogous to our own. The system is around a Sun-like The Chilean publication La Segunda IN star, 55 Cancri, and features a planet ran an article in June about the different News with a mass and orbit similar to observatories in Chile. It described Las Jupiter’s. On June 15 Butler was inter- Campanas and the Magellan Project, viewed about the discovery on NBC’s and talked about George Preston’s work Today. The story appeared in national on first-generation stars. It also men- publications such as Time magazine, the tioned night assistant and comic illus- USA Today quoted Carnegie president New York Times, the Washington Post, trator Herman Olivares and Oscar Maxine Singer in an August 14 story USA Today, and the L.A. Times.Many Duhalde, instrument specialist and about human cloning. Singer served on local papers, science publications, and codiscoverer of Supernova 1987A. a National Academy of Sciences panel international media including the BBC that recommended banning the cloning and the Sydney Morning Herald also DTM’s Alan Boss answered a question of human beings. carried the news. In addition to Butler, on why the Earth spins, posed by an 11- Alycia Weinberger of DTM participated year-old reader, for the Washington A front-page article in the August 6 Wall in the NASA news briefing announcing Post’s Kids Post section. A paper he Street Journal talked about Embryol- the find. cowrote with DTM’s George Wetherill ogy’s Andrew Fire’s groundbreaking and Nader Haghighipour, which ap- discovery with Craig Mello in 1998 of A monumental roundup on the state of peared in the March issue of Icarus, using double-stranded RNA to silence cosmology that appeared in the July 23 attracted a lot of attention. The paper targeted genes. The process is known as New York Times featured several explained how Uranus and Neptune RNA interference. The story said that Carnegie scientists: Allan Sandage, Staff could have formed under the disk insta- the commercial sector is using the tech- Member Emeritus of the Observatories; bility model in a chaotic nascent solar nique extensively and that the discovery Alan Dressler, also of the Observato- system. The work was featured in the has significantly advanced our under- ries; and Vera Rubin of DTM. June 17 San Francisco Chronicle, the standing of how genes operate. July Sky & Telescope, Astrobiology Mag- The work to determine the expansion azine, and SPACE.com, among other National Geographic magazine ran a rate of the universe, headed by Observa- publications. Images from Boss’s model sidebar in its July issue that talked about tories’ Wendy Freedman, was cited in on planet formation were also featured ך .Carnegie’s centennial and its astrobiol- the May 4 Science News. in the August Sky & Telescope ogy work. James Scott, Staff Associate at the Geophysical Laboratory, was quoted about his research with common bacte- ria that were subjected to extreme con- Attention-Getting ditions and lived. Conference at Carnegie An article about Mercury and the MES- SENGER mission to the innermost he field of extrasolar planets is one of the most intriguing areas in sci- planet appeared in the October Astron- ence today. On June 18-21 Carnegie and NASA cosponsored a confer- omy Magazine. It quoted Sean ence on the subject titled “Scientific Frontiers in Research on Extrasolar Solomon, mission Principal Investigator Planets.” DTM’s Sara Seager and Alan Boss helped organize the meet- and director of the Department of Ter- ing. Researchers came from all over the world to the conference site at restrial Magnetism, extensively. TCarnegie’s administration building in Washington, D.C. Many members of the press also attended. George Cody of the Geophysical Labo- A press conference was held in the library on June 19. William Herbst, an as- ratory was quoted in the June 4 New tronomer at Wesleyan University who was a postdoc at DTM between 1976 and York Times in an article about astrobiol- 1978, announced that his team found evidence suggesting that dust and gas, the ogy.
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