DOCSLIB.ORG

No 135.1 Dominika Kuberska Warsaw 2014 Justyna Kufel

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
No 135.1 Dominika Kuberska Warsaw 2014 Justyna Kufel Agri-food clusters in Poland Szczepan Figiel no 135.1 Dominika Kuberska Warsaw 2014 Justyna Kufel ISBN 978-83-7658-524-6 Agri-food clusters in Poland Agri-food clusters in Poland Authors: dr hab. Szczepan Figiel, prof. IERiGŻ-PIB dr Dominika Kuberska mgr Justyna Kufel Warsaw 2014 7KHZRUNZDVFDUULHGRXWXQGHUWKHIROORZLQJWKHPH $SSOLFDWLRQRIHFRQRPLFPRGHOOLQJLQWKHDQDO\VLVRIWKHSUHPLVHVRIFRPSHWLWLYH GHYHORSPHQWRIWKHDJULIRRGVHFWRU LQWKHWDVNClusters’ mapping in the agri-food sector for the purpose of modelling their development 7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVPRQRJUDSKLVWRLQYHVWLJDWHNH\DVSHFWVRIHPHUJHQFHDQGSRWHQWLDO GHYHORSPHQWRIDJULIRRGFOXVWHUVLQ3RODQGLQWKHFRQWH[WRISROLF\LPSOLFDWLRQV 5HYLHZHU dr hab. Wojciech Kozáowski, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn 3URRIUHDGHU Joanna Gozdera 7HFKQLFDOHGLWRU Joanna Gozdera 7UDQVODWHGE\ Summa Linguae S.A. &RYHU3URMHFW AKME Projekty Sp. z o.o. ,6%1 Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki ĩywnoĞciowej – PaĔstwowy Instytut Badawczy ul. ĝwiĊtokrzyska 20, 00-002 Warszawa tel.: (22) 50 54 444 faks: (22) 50 54 636 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.ierigz.waw.pl Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 7 1. Selected aspects of the business cluster concept ............................................................... 10 1.1. Origin and essence of the cluster concept .................................................................. 10 1.2. Competition and cooperation within cluster structures .............................................. 23 1.3. Clusters and cluster initiatives ................................................................................... 28 2. Determinants of emergence and development potential of agri-food clusters in Poland . 40 2.1. Economic determinants .............................................................................................. 40 2.2. Institutional determinants ........................................................................................... 59 2.3. Regional differentiation of cluster development potential related to employment and number of entities ....................................................................................................... 65 3. Mapping agri-food clusters in Poland ............................................................................... 71 3.1. Methodological aspects of cluster mapping ............................................................... 71 3.2. Regional distribution and strength of the agri-food clusters ...................................... 84 3.3. A comparison of the Polish and the EU member countries agri-food clusters .......... 99 3.4. Regional specializations in the Polish agri-food sector ........................................... 104 4. Polish agri-food cluster initiatives versus cluster development potential ....................... 112 4.1. Methodological assumptions of assessing compatibility of occurrence of cluster initiatives with cluster development potential.......................................................... 112 4.2. Distribution of cluster initiatives across regions and evaluation of their profiles.... 113 4.3. Compatibility assessment of occurrence of cluster initiatives with cluster development potential .............................................................................................. 164 4.4. Consistency of public support and economic foundations for cluster development 168 5. Impact of clusters on competitiveness of agri-food sectors in Poland and in the EU member countries ............................................................................................................ 172 5.1. Theoretical premises of the impact .......................................................................... 172 5.2. Empirical evidence of the impact ............................................................................. 186 5.3. The role of cluster policies and related recommendations ....................................... 204 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................ 224 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................... 228 Introduction The topic of business clusters is debated in various dimensions both in scientific literature and in the sphere of policy making. Such a broad interest in development of business clusters has been inspired quite recently by a strong belief promoted prominently by M.E. Porter that not the companies themselves but strong clusters are the key engines of competitive and innovative economies. According to Porter clusters have a positive impact on job creation, innovative- ness, wages, and consequently by boosting emergence of new companies, or even new branches, they help increase economic welfare. This view has been acknowledged for example in some strategic documents formulated by the European Commission1,2 and consequently becomes an intellectual rationale of some public policies meant to support cluster development in the EU countries. The issue of competitiveness is also a part of the ongoing debate on desired character of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). It is stressed very clearly that tools of this policy, especially related to its second pillar, are supposed to be oriented towards strengthening competitiveness and stimulating innovativeness of the agri-food sectors in the EU countries. Therefore, development of strong agri-food business clusters should be an obvious objective of the CAP. Follow- ing this conjecture the current state and potential development of agri-food clus- ters in Poland is discussed in this monograph. In the period of 1995-2013 the Polish agri-food sector enjoyed a very dynamic growth in foreign trade, especially visible on the export side. Value of that export increased from around 2 to around 18 billion euros. The economic crisis caused a slight decrease in the agri-food industry export and import in 2009, but in subsequent years the rates of both export and import growths re- covered to the levels prior to 2008, which was even almost 40% a year. In the period of 1995-2013 agri-food products constituted 8-13% of the total Polish export. Thus, the agri-food sector plays an important role in Poland’s exports and development of strong traded clusters related to this sector seems to be a natural policy direction. The concept of business clusters has a fairly long history, which goes back to the end of the 19th century when Alfred Marshall laid the foundations of the theory of clusters in his Principles of Economics (ed. I – 1890) referring to thickly peopled industrial districts. Presently, the most widely accepted 1 A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, COM (2010) 2020 final, 3 March, 2010, Brussels. 2 Towards world-class clusters in the European Union: Implementing the broad-based inno- vation strategy, COM (2008) 652, 17 October, 2008, Brussels. 7 approach to study business clusters in various countries stems from conceptual and methodological works by Porter and his team at Harvard Business School. The main utilitarian objective of these research studies is to validate assump- tions of economic development policies formulated and implemented at various decision levels (i.e. country, state, region, etc.). Especially, so-called cluster pol- icies could serve as a specific example in this regard. However, the problem is that implementations of cluster development policies are usually based on super- ficial interpretation of the cluster notion and suffer from a lack of analytical rig- our necessary to appropriately determine directions of the public support. The monograph, intended to address key aspects of emergence and poten- tial development of agri-food clusters in Poland, consists of five chapters fo- cused mainly on several research questions in the context of policy implications. The first part is devoted to clarification of terminology and proper understanding of the business cluster concept and its usefulness in shaping economic develop- ment. The second part presents results of an analysis of factors determining emergence and development potential of the agri-food clusters in Poland. In this part main attention is paid to economic and institutional determinants of agri- -food clusters emergence in Poland and their development potential related to employment and number of entities. The third part includes analytical results of cluster mapping carried out with regard to the Polish agri-food sector, as well as to the other EU member countries, using Porter’s notion of business cluster and derived from it method- ology applied by the European Cluster Observatory (ECO). In the fourth part of the monograph the results of cluster mapping are confronted with the results of an empirical study on regional distribution, organizational structures and eco- nomic profiles of cluster initiatives associated with various branches of the Polish agri-food sector. This comparison gives an insight into compatibility of occurrence of cluster initiatives with cluster development potential and provides some guidelines for policy recommendations. Finally, in the fifth part of the monograph the impact of clusters on com- petiveness of the agri-food sectors in Poland and the EU member countries is examined. It begins with a brief discussion of theoretical premises of a potential impact and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Memory As Politics: Narratives of Communism and the Shape of a Community
    Memory as Politics: Narratives of Communism and the Shape of a Community by Katarzyna Korycki A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science University of Toronto © Copyright by Katarzyna Korycki 2017 Memory as Poltics: Narratives of Communism and the Shape of a Community Katarzyna Korycki Doctor of Philosophy Department of Poltical Science University of Toronto 2017 Abstract This work traces how the past is politicized in post-transition spaces, how it enters the political language, and what effects it produces. Expanding the framework of collective memory literature and anchoring the story in Poland, I argue that the narratives of past communism structure political competition and affect the present-day imaginary of common belonging - that is, they determine political positions of players and they reveal who is included in and excluded from the conception of the ‘we.’ First, I develop the concept of mnemonic capital - a politically productive symbolic resource that accrues to political players based on their turn to, and judgment of, the past - and demonstrate how the distribution of that capital results in sharply differentiated political identities. (I identify four positions generalizable to other post-transition settings.) Second, I trace how narratives of the past constitute the boundary of the ‘we’. I find that in their approaches and judgments of communism, the current political elites conflate communism and Jewishness. In doing so, they elevate the nation and narrow its meaning to ascriptive, religion-inflected, ethnicity. Third, I argue that the field of politics and the field of belonging interact and do not simply exist on parallel planes.
    [Show full text]
  • Treasures of Culinary Heritage” in Upper Silesia As Described in the Most Recent Cookbooks
    Teresa Smolińska Chair of Culture and Folklore Studies Faculty of Philology University of Opole Researchers of Culture Confronted with the “Treasures of Culinary Heritage” in Upper Silesia as Described in the Most Recent Cookbooks Abstract: Considering that in the last few years culinary matters have become a fashionable topic, the author is making a preliminary attempt at assessing many myths and authoritative opinions related to it. With respect to this aim, she has reviewed utilitarian literature, to which culinary handbooks certainly belong (“Con� cerning the studies of comestibles in culture”). In this context, she has singled out cookery books pertaining to only one region, Upper Silesia. This region has a complicated history, being an ethnic borderland, where after the 2nd World War, the local population of Silesians ��ac���������������������uired new neighbours����������������������� repatriates from the ����ast� ern Borderlands annexed by the Soviet Union, settlers from central and southern Poland, as well as former emigrants coming back from the West (“‘The treasures of culinary heritage’ in cookery books from Upper Silesia”). The author discusses several Silesian cookery books which focus only on the specificity of traditional Silesian cuisine, the Silesians’ curious conservatism and attachment to their regional tastes and culinary customs, their preference for some products and dislike of other ones. From the well�provided shelf of Silesian cookery books, she has singled out two recently published, unusual culinary handbooks by the Rev. Father Prof. Andrzej Hanich (Opolszczyzna w wielu smakach. Skarby dziedzictwa kulinarnego. 2200 wypróbowanych i polecanych przepisów na przysmaki kuchni domowej, Opole 2012; Smaki polskie i opolskie. Skarby dziedzictwa kulinarnego.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 a Polish American's Christmas in Poland
    POLISH AMERICAN JOURNAL • DECEMBER 2013 www.polamjournal.com 1 DECEMBER 2013 • VOL. 102, NO. 12 $2.00 PERIODICAL POSTAGE PAID AT BOSTON, NEW YORK NEW BOSTON, AT PAID PERIODICAL POSTAGE POLISH AMERICAN OFFICES AND ADDITIONAL ENTRY SUPERMODEL ESTABLISHED 1911 www.polamjournal.com JOANNA KRUPA JOURNAL VISITS DAR SERCA DEDICATED TO THE PROMOTION AND CONTINUANCE OF POLISH AMERICAN CULTURE PAGE 12 RORATY — AN ANCIENT POLISH CUSTOM IN HONOR OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN • MUSHROOM PICKING, ANYONE? MEMORIES OF CHRISTMAS 1970 • A KASHUB CHRISTMAS • NPR’S “WAIT, WAIT … ” APOLOGIZES FOR POLISH JOKE CHRISTMAS CAKES AND COOKIES • BELINSKY AND FIDRYCH: GONE, BUT NOT FORGOTTEN • DNA AND YOUR GENEALOGY NEWSMARK AMERICAN SOLDIER HONORED BY POLAND. On Nov., 12, Staff Sergeant Michael H. Ollis of Staten Island, was posthumously honored with the “Afghanistan Star” awarded by the President of the Republic of Poland and Dr. Thaddeus Gromada “Army Gold Medal” awarded by Poland’s Minister of De- fense, for his heroic and selfl ess actions in the line of duty. on Christmas among The ceremony took place at the Consulate General of the Polish Highlanders the Republic of Poland in New York. Ryszard Schnepf, Ambassador of the Republic of Po- r. Thaddeus Gromada is professor land to the United States and Brigadier General Jarosław emeritus of history at New Jersey City Universi- Stróżyk, Poland’s Defense, Military, Naval and Air Atta- ty, and former executive director and president ché, presented the decorations to the family of Ollis, who of the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of DAmerica in New York. He earned his master’s and shielded Polish offi cer, Second lieutenant Karol Cierpica, from a suicide bomber in Afghanistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Dorota Świtała-Trybek Tasty Events. on Culinary Events in the Silesian
    Dorota Świtała-Trybek Chair of Culture and Folklore Studies Faculty of Philology University of Opole Tasty Events. On Culinary Events in the Silesian Voivodeship Abstract: The topic of reflection undertaken herein are public events having an evident culinary character. In the first part of her essay, the author proposes a typology of culinary events, with special focus on those events which appear in the public space the most often. Their number and considerable complexity are associated with the target participant group, the current patterns of consumption, gastronomic styles, and finally with functions which have been ascribed to those events. In the second part, she discusses selected culinary events organised in the Silesian voivodeship which have characteristic dishes (e.g. wodzionka, moc- zka, kołocz) associated with the local cuisine as their Leitmotif. These events are usually in the form of open-air festivals with contests for the best-prepared dish as their regular feature. Key words: culinary events, Silesia, tradition, regional cuisine. “The pleasure of eating is the actual and direct sensation of satisfying a need. The pleasures of the table are a reflective sensation, which is born from the various circumstances of place, time, things and people who make up the surroundings of the meal” [Brillat-Savarin 2009: 189–190]. This passage from The Physiology of Taste, written almost two centuries ago, express the essence of culinary sensations, at the same time accen- tuating the fundamental and unchangeable truth: food and pleasure are inseparable. The range of circumstances in which food may be enjoyed is nowadays broader than ever and it constantly expands, determining new forms of activity and spending free time, shaping new lifestyles.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Firm Profile and Regional Differences in Small Firm Development
    REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN SMALL FIRM DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF POLAND 1 REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN SMALL FIRM DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF POLAND1 Abstract. Polish small firm development has been impressive in the 1990s. However regional differences in macro-economic development have widened and have been accompanied by regional differences in small firm development at the micro level. The findings of a survey of the Polish small firm stratum reveal substantial qualitative differences between small firms in developed and less developed parts of the country. Small firms in the more developed region have a greater degree of development in eighteen variables, stretching from the legal form of ownership to investment and restructuring. These differences are understood within a systemic competitiveness model. They point to the need for differential, rather than generic, regional small firm policy as well as to a theoretical conception of the small firm in which considerable variation in structure, conduct and performance is acknowledged. JEL classification: C22, C52, L00, P27 Key Words: Polish small firms; surveys, regional differences 2 Introduction The Polish small firm sector has developed powerfully since the 1989 Transitional Economic Programme commenced. From 1989-1999 the number of firms in the private sector increased by 5 times to reach over 2.8 million. Small firm growth and employment has been powerful for most of the decade with a significant slowdown towards the end reflecting general macroeconomic conditions. By this time 8.8 million people were working in the market sector of which 46.5% were in small and medium enterprises (SMEs)2. Accompanying this development have been growing regional disparities in GDP per capita.
    [Show full text]
  • Polish Regional Analysis
    POLISH REGIONAL ANALYSIS BUILDING REGIONAL RESILIENCE TO INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURAL CHANGE Podkarpackie Region - Poland Polish Partner Managing Authority Rzeszow Regional Development Agency Marshall Office of Podkarpackie Voivodeship Authors: Center for Statistical Research and Education of the Central Statistic Office in co-operation with Rzeszow Regional Development Agency: Marek Duda, Piotr Zawada, Agnieszka Nedza Website Twitter https://www.interregeurope.eu/foundation/ @FOUNDATION_EU Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. General information on Podkarpackie Voivodship ........................................................... 15 1.2 Employment in economic sectors in Podkarpackie Voivodship ........................................ 25 1.3. Industrial change as an element of economic development in the Podkarpackie Voivodship ........................................................................................................................................... 30 1.4. Business climate survey as a picture of changes occurring in Podkarpackie Voivodship in 2016-2020 ......................................................................................................................... 38 1.5. Changes in industry in the Voivodship due to the outbreak of the Covid-19 coronavirus
    [Show full text]
  • Panta Rhei? Space of Flows in the Era of Anthropocene and Outlooks Into a Multicoloured Future
    EUROPA XXI Vol. 34, 2018, pp. 41-58 http://doi.org/10.7.7163/Eu21.2018.34.3 PANTA RHEI? SPACE OF FLOWS IN THE ERA OF ANTHROPOCENE AND OUTLOOKS INTO A MULTICOLOURED FUTURE Hans-Peter Meier Dallach1, Gunter Heinickel2 1 Cultur Prospectiv/World Drives Mühlebachstrasse 35, CH-8008 Zurich: Switzerland [email protected] 2 ScienceScapes Berlin Bundesratufer 13, D-10555 Berlin: Germany [email protected] Abstract. The modern social, economic and communication flows change profoundly the development of spaces, their borders and boundaries, and affect the channels of flow between regions and the national, transnational and global society. The paper offers a reflection about the developments at the top of geo- graphic and social scientific research as well as a reference to the agenda of spatial planning and politics. Therefore this article focuses on theoretical aspects of the “fluid society” but emphasizes also the need to learn from empirical insights and practical issues in the context of Polish-Swiss cooperation projects. It concludes however, that regional spaces under the auspices of modern flows are not unicoloured. That wants to say: they are not passive entities of modernisation, but keep their manifold, multicoloured -char acteristics – and these characteristics interact in the form of identities, cohesion and the natural backdrop with significant effects on those flows, enabling and steering modernisation strategies, and deciding about successes or failures of investments into traffic, tourism and economies. By that they shape the flows from and into peripheral regions. Keywords: fluid society, regional development, cultural diversity, regional/local identities, social cohesion, regressive turns, progressive strategies, cyclic/transgressive developments.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Foreign Direct Investment: Varieties of Capitalism, Employment Practices and Worker Resistance in Poland
    JAPANESE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: VARIETIES OF CAPITALISM, EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES AND WORKER RESISTANCE IN POLAND Maciej Bancarzewski Submitted to the University of Hertfordshire in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy February 2015 ii ABSTRACT This research contributes to an understanding of Japanese Foreign Investment (JFDI) in Poland, by using a Variety of Capitalism approach and drawing on literature from employment relations. It examines firstly, the extent to which Japanese production and managerial institutions and practices can be transplanted to different economic and cultural environments; and secondly, the character of workers’ response towards these practices, in the context of JFDI in Poland. It draws on primary data drawn from interviews conducted with the managers and workers in five firms in a Japanese electronics manufacturing cluster in Toruń, Northern Poland, as well as the policy makers, researchers and journalists on a regional level. First, the transfer of Japanese management ‘style’ is considered in terms of recruitment, training practices, issues of monitoring and discipline and quality assurance policies. This study reveals that the transfer of Japanese typical practices is of minor importance to Japanese corporations based in Poland, and the character of these practices in the Polish workplace is peripheral. However, the subordination of labour is brought by the precarisation of employment, rather than the implementation of Japanese quality policies. Second, the focus of the research is on the response of workers and finds that they did not remain passive actors in this process and resisted the adapted form of Japanisation in Poland. Although the role of formal trade unions was limited, the data pointed to other forms of resistance, both conventional and novel, from sabotage, absenteeism, humour to insubordination and the use of blogging sites.
    [Show full text]
  • The Right to Adequate Housing in International Human Rights Law: Polish Transformation Experiences Terminski, Bogumil
    www.ssoar.info The right to adequate housing in international human rights law: Polish transformation experiences Terminski, Bogumil Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Terminski, B. (2012). The right to adequate housing in international human rights law: Polish transformation experiences. Revista Latinoamericana de Derechos Humanos, 22(2), 219-241. https://nbn-resolving.org/ urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-328953 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use. anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an.
    [Show full text]
  • Geopolitical Review)
    PRZEGL ĄD GEOPOLITYCZNY (GEOPOLITICAL REVIEW) PRZEGL ĄD GEOPOLITYCZNY (GEOPOLITICAL REVIEW) ROK ( YEAR ): 2015 TOM ( VOLUME ): 12 3 PRZEGL ĄD GEOPOLITYCZNY ( GEOPOLITICAL REVIEW ) tom 12: 2015 (vol. 12: 2015) ISSN: 2080-8836 (print) 2392-067X (online) RADA NAUKOWA ( SCIENTIFIC BOARD ) Gideon Biger (Tel Aviv University, Izrael), Georges G. Cravins (University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, USA), Bretislav Dancak (Uniwersytet Masaryka w Brnie, Czechy), Piotr Eberhardt (Polska Akademia Nauk) – przewodnicz ący Rady, Vit Hloušek (Masaryk University, Brno, Czechy), Robert Ištok (Prešovská univerzita v Prešove, Słowacja), Rustis Kamuntavi čius (Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania), Wojciech Kazanecki (Dolno śląski O środek Studiów Strategicznych), Zbigniew Lach (Akademia Obrony Narodowej), Jarosław Macała (Uniwersytet Zielonogórski), Vakhtang Maisaia (Caucasus International University, Tbilisi, Gruzja), Tadeusz Marczak (Uniwersytet Wrocławski), Kaloyan Metodyev (Uniwersytet Południowo-Zachodni, Błagojewgrad, Bułgaria), John S. Micgiel (Columbia University, USA), Leszek Moczulski (Polska Akademia Nauk), Andrzej Nowak (Uniwersytet Jagiello ński), Gayane Novikova (Center for Strategic Analysis Spectrum , Armenia), Florent Parmentier (Sciences-Po, Paris, Francja), Jakub Potulski (Uniwersytet Gda ński), Andrzej Pukszto (Vytautas Magnus University, Kowno, Litwa), Reinhard Rode (Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Niemcy), Julian Skrzyp (Akademia Obrony Narodowej), Shanmugam Pillai Subbiah (University of Madras, Indie), Grzegorz Tokarz (Uniwersytet
    [Show full text]
  • Developmental Disproportions on Polish Lands in the 19Th and 20Th C. (Prior to 1939)
    ANALECTA ARCHAEOLOGICA RESSOVIENSIA VOLUME 13 RZESZÓW 2018 DOI: 10.15584/anarres.2018.13.2 Paweł Grata* Poland A and Poland B – Developmental Disproportions on Polish Lands in the 19th and 20th c. (Prior to 1939) ABSTRACT Grata P. 2018. Poland A and Poland B – Developmental Disproportions on Polish Lands in the 19th and 20th c. (Prior to 1939). Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia 13, 33–48 The problem of developmental disproportions occurring within a state is not an uncommon phenomenon, and the case of Polish lands is one example of it. As a result of numerous disadvantageous conditions, Polish lands experienced dramatic developmental differences, which fully came to light in the interwar period, when the territories which had belonged to the three partitioners of Poland were incorporated into the Second Polish Republic. The disproportions were so deep that a much better developed Poland A and a much more backward Poland B (situated east of the Vistula River) were distinguished in the state. The scale of the differences was reflected in many economic and social indices, ranging from population density, to the degree of urbanisation processes and sources of population income, to the state of transportation infrastructure, to the involvement of workforce, to the production of basic goods. An attempt to reduce the disproportions was the establishment of the Central Industrial District in the mid-1930s and the Fifteen Year Plan for the state’s development prepared by Deputy Prime Minister Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski (1888–1974). These plans were thwarted by the outbreak of WWII, and the developmental disproportions on Polish lands, despite the post-war change of state borders, remain visible even today, especially in territories that were part of Poland B before 1939 (today Podkarpacie, Lubelskie, Podlasie Voivodeships).
    [Show full text]
  • Łódzkie Studia Etnograficzne
    THE CULINARIES ŁÓDZKIE STUDIA ETNOGRAFICZNE TOM LIV THE CULINARIES Polskie towarzystwo Ludoznawcze Wrocław – Łódź 2015 Editor-in-chief: Grażyna Ewa Karpińska Managing editors: Grażyna Ewa Karpińska, Aleksandra Krupa-Ławrynowicz Language editor (Polish): Krystyna Kossakowska-Jarosz Language editor (English): Robert Lindsay Hodgart Editorial secretary: Aleksandra Krupa-Ławrynowicz Editors: Anna Weronika Brzezińska, Małgorzata Chelińska Editorial board: Maja Godina Golja (Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti, Ljubljana), Božidar Jezernik (Univerza v Ljubljani, Ljubljana), Katarzyna Kaniowska (Uniwersytet Łódzki, Łódź), Padraic Kenney (Indiana University, Bloomington), Bronisława Kopczyńska-Jaworska (Uniwersytet Łódzki, Łódź), Katarzyna Łeńska- Bąk (Uniwersytet Opolski, Opole), Ewa Nowina-Sroczyńska (Uniwersytet Łódzki, Łódź), Katarzyna Orszulak-Dudkowska (Uniwersytet Łódzki, Łódź), Peter Salner (Slovenska akademia vied, Bratyslava), Marta Songin-Mokrzan (Akademia Górniczo- Hutnicza, Kraków), Jan Święch (Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków), Andrzej Paweł Wejland (Uniwersytet Łódzki, Łódź) Translators: Julita Mastalerz, Klaudyna Michałowicz Reviewers: Anna Weronika Brzezińska, Róża Godula-Węcławowicz, Piotr Grochowski, Janina Hajduk-Nijakowska, Renata Hryciuk, Iwona Kabzińska, Katarzyna Kaniowska, Krystyna Kossakowska-Jarosz, Izabella Main, Krystyna Piątkowska, Adam Pomieciński, Agata Stanisz, Andrzej Paweł Wejland Cover and title pages design: Michał Urbański Typesetting: HAPAX Kamil Sobczak The on-line version of the “Łódzkie Studia Etnograficzne”
    [Show full text]