1 a Polish American's Christmas in Poland
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Christmas Traditions in Poland
Christmas traditions in Poland Sebastian Bugajski Kl. VII B Like in most Central European countries, Christmas in Poland is a quaint and much-beloved affair. However, while Germanic traditions, like decorating trees, have spread so far as to be unsurprising, Polish customs remain delightfully distinctive. Most of the Polish Christmas celebrations take place on 24th December, and even though the day isn’t an official public holiday in Poland, to many Poles it is one of the most significant and family-oriented dates in the calendar. Many institutions stop working earlier than usual on the day of Christmas Eve, which is usually celebrated with a family dinner at home Waiting for the first star to appear in the sky Many Poles wait until the first star appears in the sky before sitting down to eat on 24th December. This tradition commemorates the Star of Bethlehem, which according to the New Testament guided the Wise Men to the birthplace of Christ. Nowadays, with so many satellites circling around the Earth and reflecting light, its sometimes tricky to adhere to this tradition, but many families do their best. Sharing an opłatek Opłatek is an unleavened wafer made of flour and water embossed with a religious image. Every person attending the Christmas celebration gets one and then shares pieces of it with everyone else. This is accompanied by exchanges of good wishes and occurs before sitting down to eat. This tradition is linked to the breaking of bread at the Last Supper. Speaking with animals According to an old Polish legend, animals are granted the gift of speech on Christmas Eve as a reward for their role in welcoming Jesus on earth. -
THE MAGAZINE of INTEKNATIONAL FOLK DANCING 650 U^ ^Etk
F November 1977 r THE MAGAZINE OF INTEKNATIONAL FOLK DANCING 650 u^ ^etk. T^OHce TNE littAZIIIE OF INTEIIN tTIONtl FOLK OANCma November 1977 Vol 34, Ho. 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FOLK DANCE FEDERATION OF CALIFORNIA, INC. TREASURER'S BALL.................1 EDITOR.........................Linda Horn ASSOCIATE EDITOR.................Max Horn Making a Polish Bodice...........2 DANCE RESEARCH EDITOR...Dorothy Tamburini COSTUME RESEARCH EDITOR.....Eleanor Bacon Folk Arts of Poland..............5 BUSINESS MANAGER.................Max Horn Easy Does It!....................8 NOVEMBER CONTRIBUTORS Fiesta de Sonoma.................9 Miriam Lidster Ruth Miller Vera Jones Virginia Wilder Food in the Polish Manner.......10 Mona Verzi Ruth Ruling Larry Miller_________ Vi Dexhelmer Let's do Squares................12 FEDERATION OFFICERS Polish Folk Dance...............15 (North) Dance Descriptions: PRESIDENT...................Raymond Olson ^ilald RzMzoiAJ-ilU (Poland)......18 24013 Fairlands Road, Hayward, CA 94541 Kujawiak t*3 (Poland).........20 VICE PRESIDENT..............Bruce Wyckoff TREASURER........................Al Lisin Poland, a land of Changing RECORDING SECRETARY.....Genevieve Pereira Boundaries........24 DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS.........Max Horn DIRECTOR OF EXTENSION...........Walt Lang DIRECTOR OF PUBLICITY.......Leonore Fifer Kolo Kalendar...................26 HISTORIAN.....................Leona Faoro (South) Party Places....................27 PRESIDENT......................Ed Feldman Council Clips...................30 -
Poland, the Knight Among Nations;
POLAND THE KNIGHTAMONG NATIONS pw£ ZRAV* POLAND THE KNIGHT AMONG NATIONS NICHOLAS COPERNICrs THE FATHER OF MODERN ASTRON.MV. (This view of the Polish astronomer, (who w;is the first to propound the theory that the earth moves aroun 1 the sun) surrounded by the scientists and other worthies of his time, is reproduced from a rare old si pel em ing made in 1843, at the celebration of the three- hundredth anniversary of his death.) POLAND THE KNIGHT AMONG NATIONS LOUIS ifc VAN NORMAN With an Introduction by Helena Modjeska a illustrated n ^ * At i New Yohk Chicago Toronto Fleming H. Revell Company London and Edinburgh Copyright, 1907, by •FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY All rights reserved SECOND EDITION New York: 158 Fifth Avenue Chicago : 80 Wabash Avenue Toronto : 15 Richmond St., W. London : 21 Paternoster Square Edinburgh : 100 Princes Street TO MY WIFE who taught me all the noble qualities of the Poles and made me very hopeful of their national destiny INTRODUCTORY fine characteristic I have especially ONEnoted in the American people. As a gen- eral rule, they are not led to an opinion by the verdict of any other nation. Of recent years, particularly, their popular verdicts have been based upon their own independent judg- ment, and some of these verdicts have afterwards been accepted by the whole world. They were the first to "discover" Sienkiewicz. They did not accept him on the claims of French, or Ger- man, or English criticism. By their own native perception they knew he was great, and now the whole world has accepted their judgment. -
Changes in the Polish Agriculture in the Light of the Cap Implementation
MAREK WIGIER 10.5604/00441600.1151760 Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics – National Research Institute Warsaw CHANGES IN THE POLISH AGRICULTURE IN THE LIGHT OF THE CAP IMPLEMENTATION Abstract Agricultural policy in Poland supports the functioning of numerous types of agricultural models, including the following models: traditional, industrial, environmental, induced development and sustainable growth. The CAP objectives and mechanisms, as well as individual character- istics of the Polish agriculture indicate that in the long run the devel- opment pattern should be based on a dual model. Certain farms, while maintaining the basic requirements of environmental protection, should implement production methods ensuring high economic viability (indus- trial agriculture); other farms should base their development on more eco-friendly methods, which enable the use of environmental, social and cultural assets at hand (sustainable agriculture). This paper defines the most important development stages of global agriculture, indicates the connection between the necessity of state’s intervention policy and sustainable development, presents selected characteristics of the Polish agriculture with an analysis of the most important effects of implementing the CAP and illustrates the conclusions concerning the shape of the future long-term agricultural policy in Poland. Model of development of world agriculture Over the centuries, the most important task of agriculture was the production of food. This goal marked the development strategies of the whole food economy, which evolved from a peasant to farm-enterprise model (Fig. 1). Agriculture was the primary source of income and the most important work place in the rural areas. Industrialisation, mechanisation of production and the market mechanism trans- formed this situation. -
The Agricultural Sector in Poland and Romania and Its Performance Under the EU-Influence
Arbeitshefte aus dem Otto-Strammer-Zentrum Nr. 21 Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, 2013 The Agricultural Sector in Poland and Romania and its Performance under the EU-Influence Von Simone Drost März 2013 CONTENT 1INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 6 2THE CHARACTER OF THE EU’S CAP: AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH....................................7 2.1The early CAP: From preventing food shortage to producing surpluses........................................................7 2.2Failed attempts of reform and years of immobility...............................................................................................8 2.3The MacSharry reform of 1991/92: Introducing fundamental structural changes...................................8 2.4Agenda 2000........................................................................................................................................................................8 2.5The 2003 reform: Fischler II..........................................................................................................................................9 2.62008 CAP Health Check....................................................................................................................................................9 2.72010 to 2013: Europe 2020 and the CAP................................................................................................................10 2.8Conclusion: Developing -
Subsistence Agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe: How to Break the Vicious Circle?
Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe Subsistence Agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe: How to Break the Vicious Circle? edited by Steffen Abele and Klaus Frohberg Subsistence Agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe: How to Break the Vicious Circle? Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Central and Eastern Europe Edited by Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe IAMO Volume 22 Subsistence Agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe: How to Break the Vicious Circle? Edited by Steffen Abele and Klaus Frohberg IAMO 2003 Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists the publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the internet at: http://dnb.ddb.de. © 2003 Institut für Agrarentwicklung in Mittel- und Osteuropa (IAMO) Theodor-Lieser-Straße 2 062120 Halle (Saale) Tel. 49 (345) 2928-0 Fax 49 (345) 2928-199 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.iamo.de ISSN 1436-221X ISBN 3-9809270-2-4 INTRODUCTION STEFFEN ABELE, KLAUS FROHBERG Subsistence agriculture is probably the least understood and the most neglected type of agriculture. In a globalised, market-driven world, it remains at the same time a myth and a marginal phenomenon. Empirically, subsistence agriculture for a long time seemed to be restricted to developing countries, with only a few cases reported in Western Europe (CAILLAVET and NICHELE 1999; THIEDE 1994). Governmental support offered to subsistence agriculture was mainly done through agricultural development policies, the main objective being to have subsistence farmers participate in markets. -
Cultural Heritage in Poland
Santander Art and Culture Law Review 2/2017 (3): 319-342 DOI: 10.4467/2450050XSNR.17.017.8435 CULTURAL HERITAGE IN POLAND Olgierd Jakubowski* [email protected] National Institute for Museums and Public Collections ul. Goraszewska 7 02-910 Warsaw, Poland The Threat to Cultural Heritage from Crime in Poland: 2016 Cases Abstract: Various methods of risk assessment can be deployed when examining the phenomenon of crime against cultural herit- age. Annual data concerning instances of particular crimes involv- ing cultural assets as well as case studies allow us to understand the trends in the activities of the perpetrators and help to develop methods of prevention. This article presents selected data as well as cases of offences discovered or committed in Poland in 2016, based on the statistics provided by the police, Customs Service, and Border Guard. It also presents data on final convictions of per- petrators of such acts. As part of the annual cycle of analysis, the developments illustrate the trends and risks to monuments and cultural assets in a given year. This complementary presentation of information about the threat to cultural heritage is important for research and policy-making aimed at developing strategies for its protection. * Olgierd Jakubowski is Chief Expert at the National Institute for Museums and Public Collections in Warsaw, where he is responsible for export licensing and cooperation with police and customs. Olgierd is currently a member of the European Commission’s working groups on the export and import of cultural goods. In Poland, he is the coordinator of the Internal Market Information System module with regard to the return of cultural objects unlawfully removed from the territory of an EU Member State. -
The Place of Photovoltaics in Poland's Energy
energies Article The Place of Photovoltaics in Poland’s Energy Mix Renata Gnatowska * and Elzbieta˙ Mory ´n-Kucharczyk Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Institute of Thermal Machinery, Cz˛estochowaUniversity of Technology, Armii Krajowej 21, 42-200 Cz˛estochowa,Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-343250534 Abstract: The energy strategy and environmental policy in the European Union are climate neutrality, low-carbon gas emissions, and an environmentally friendly economy by fighting global warming and increasing energy production from renewable sources (RES). These sources, which are characterized by high investment costs, require the use of appropriate support mechanisms introduced with suitable regulations. The article presents the current state and perspectives of using renewable energy sources in Poland, especially photovoltaic systems (PV). The specific features of Polish photovoltaics and the economic analysis of investment in a photovoltaic farm with a capacity of 1 MW are presented according to a new act on renewable energy sources. This publication shows the importance of government support that is adequate for the green energy producers. Keywords: renewable energy sources (RES); photovoltaic system (PV); energy mix; green energy 1. State of Photovoltaics Development in the World The global use of renewable energy sources (RES) is steadily increasing, which is due, among other things, to the rapid increase in demand for energy in countries that have so far been less developed [1]. Other reasons include the desire of various countries to Citation: Gnatowska, R.; become self-sufficient in energy, significant local environmental problems, as well as falling Mory´n-Kucharczyk, E. -
A Language That Forgot Itself Tomasz Kamusella*
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe Vol 13, No 4, 2014, 129-138 Copyright © ECMI 2014 This article is located at: http://www.ecmi.de/fileadmin/downloads/publications/JEMIE/2014/Kamusella.pdf A Language that Forgot Itself Tomasz Kamusella* University of St Andrews In this essay, as a background, I reflect on how the German language was liquidated in post-1945 Poland’s region of Upper Silesia where nowadays the country’s German minority is concentrated. But the main focus is on the irony that neither this language, nor a genuine German minority education system has been revived during the last quarter of a century that has elapsed since the fall of communism in 1989, despite promises to the contrary. The mystery persists. In the entry devoted to Poland in the respectable reference on the languages of the world, the Ethnologue, the number of native speakers of German living in the country is conservatively estimated at half a million.1 Until well into the 1990s German sources spoke of one million or a million and a half Germans in Poland. It is noted that the region where they live in compact areas of settlement is the countryside of Upper Silesia. But in the region the local Germans overwhelmingly communicate in the Silesian language. Silesia Superioris, Oberschlesien, Haute-Silésie, Horní Slezsko, Górny Śląsk, Felső-Szilézia—it is known by so many names, as many homelands in Central Europe were before the powers-that-be minced and fitted this part of the continent into the unbecomingly tight and too-small pantyhose of national polities, each so pure, homogenous through and through, so painfully monolingual. -
Foods to Avoid
Foods to Avoid File: ....... Test Date: ......... Patient: .............. Doctor/Clinic: ................... APPLE Avoid also rosehip tea, apple cider, apple cider vinegar, apple juice, applesauce, crabapple & dried apples. Also found in some chutneys. For reintroduction into diet, place into Day 2. APRICOT Avoid also apricot juice, apricot oil & dried apricots. Also found in some chutneys. For reintroduction into diet, place into Day 3. ARTICHOKE Avoid also burdock root tea & cardoon tea. Can be pickled whole, or the tender base or heart can be canned or frozen while the stalk of the head can be blanched in soups and stews. For reintroduction into diet, place into Day 1. ASPARAGUS Avoid also asparagus tips, sprue, white asparagus. Can be found in soups quiches and soufflés. For reintroduction into diet, place into Day 3. AVOCADO Avoid also avocado oil and alligator pear. Can be found in salads, sauces, dips and mousses or as hor d'œuvre, and is the main ingredient in the mexican dish guacomole. For reintroduction into diet, place into Day 2. BASIL Avoid also pesto sauce and sweet basil. For reintroduction into diet, place into Day 2. BAY LEAF Avoid also sweet bay, bouquet garni, and laurel. Used in meat dishes, milk puddings, soups, stews and sweet white sauces. For reintroduction into diet, place into Day 1. BLACK BEANS Black, or turtle, beans are small roughly ovoid legumes with glossy black shells. The scientific name for black beans is Phaselous vulgaris, an epithet shared with many other popular bean varieties such as pinto beans, white beans, and kidney beans. Black beans are associated with Latin American cuisine in particular, although they can complement foods from many places. -
PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS in POLAND 25Th October 2015
PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN POLAND 25th October 2015 European Elections monitor The Law and Justice Party win the parliamentary elections and the absolute majority Corinne Deloy Abstract: Five months after having been elected Andrzej Duda (PiS) as President of the Republic on 24th May last (with 51.55% of the vote) the Law and Justice Party (PiS) won the parlia- mentary elections that took place in Poland on 25th October. It won the absolute majority Results and should therefore be able to govern Poland alone over the next four years – a first in the country’s history since the fall of communism in 1989. The conservative and eurosceptic party, also who were disappointed with the PO. The People’s extremely attached to Poland’s Catholic identity Party (PSL), a centrist, agrarian party chaired by led by Jaroslaw Kaczynski, won 37.58% of the vote outgoing Prime Minister Janusz Piechocinski, won and 242 seats (+85 in comparison with the last 5.13% of the vote and 18 seats (- 10). parliamentary elections on 9th October 2011) in the Diet, the Lower Chamber of Parliament. It drew The left has disappeared from Parliament. The United ahead of Civic Platform (PO), the party of outgoing Left Coalition (ZL, Zjednoczona Lewica), formed of Prime Minister Eva Kopacz, which won 24.09% of the the Alliance between the Democratic Left (SLD) led vote and 133 seats (- 74). by Leszek Miller, Your Movement (TR, Twoj Ruch) Pawel Kukiz – a rock singer and protest candidate led by Janusz Palikot, the Socialist Party, the Greens who won 20.8% of the vote in the first round of the and the Labour Union (UP), won 7.55% of the vote presidential election on 10th May 2015 took third i.e. -
Zalacznik1.Pdf (193,7KB PDF)
Załącznik do ogłoszenia Ministra Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi z dnia ………….. 2013 r. (poz. …..) Wykaz produktów tradycyjnych wpisanych na listę produktów tradycyjnych* WOJEWÓDZTWO DOLNOŚLĄSKIE Sery i inne produkty mleczne Ser zgorzelecki Ser kozi łomnicki Kamiennogórski ser pleśniowy Mięso świeże oraz produkty mięsne Świnka pieczona po zaciszańsku Słonina marynowana z Niemczy Mięso w kawałkach niemczańskie domowe Szynka wieprzowa niemczańska Kiełbasa niemczańska Kiełbasa galicjanka z Niemczy Przysmak wołyński z Niemczy Produkty rybołówstwa, w tym ryby Karp milicki Pstrąg kłodzki Orzechy, nasiona, zboża, warzywa i owoce (przetworzone i nie) Ogórki konserwowe ścinawskie Ogórki kwaszone ślężańskie Kapusta kwaszona ślężańska Wyroby piekarnicze i cukiernicze Begle Chleb gogołowicki Ciasto z kruszonką z Ziemi Kłodzkiej Chleb chłopski z Rogowa Sobóckiego Chleb żytni domowy z Pomocnego Chleb pszenno-żytni na zakwasie z Pomocnego Miodowe pierniczki z Przemkowa Oleje i tłuszcze (masło, margaryna itp.) Masło tradycyjne Miody Miód wrzosowy z Borów Dolnośląskich Wielokwiatowy miód z Doliny Baryczy Sudecki miód gryczany Sudecki miód wielokwiatowy Miód lipowy krupiec z Ziemi Ząbkowickiej Gotowe dania i potrawy Keselica / kysielnica / kysyłycia Śląskie niebo Czarne gołąbki krużewnickie Napoje (alkoholowe i bezalkoholowe) Juha – kompot z suszonych owoców Wino śląskie Piwo książęce z Lwówka * Wykaz zawiera produkty tradycyjne, które zostały wpisane na listę produktów tradycyjnych do dnia 28 lutego 2013 r. Tłoczony sok jabłkowy z Lutyni Jabłecznik trzebnicki