ATC/DDD Classification
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The Application of a Characterized Pre-Clinical
THE APPLICATION OF A CHARACTERIZED PRE-CLINICAL GLIOBLASTOMA ONCOSPHERE MODEL TO IN VITRO AND IN VIVO THERAPEUTIC TESTING by Kelli M. Wilson A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland March, 2014 ABSTRACT Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal brain cancer with a median survival time (MST) of approximately 15 months following treatment. A serious challenge facing the development of new drugs for the treatment of GBM is that preclinical models fail to replicate the human GBM phenotype. Here we report the Johns Hopkins Oncosphere Panel (JHOP), a panel of GBM oncosphere cell lines. These cell lines were validated by their ability to form tumors intracranially with histological features of human GBM and GBM variant tumors. We then completed whole exome sequencing on JHOP and found that they contain genetic alterations in GBM driver genes such as PTEN, TP53 and CDKN2A. Two JHOP cell lines were utilized in a high throughput drug screen of 466 compounds that were selected to represent late stage clinical development and a wide range of mechanisms. Drugs that were inhibitory in both cell lines were EGFR inhibitors, NF-kB inhibitors and apoptosis activators. We also examined drugs that were inhibitory in a single cell line. Effective drugs in the PTEN null and NF1 wild type cell line showed a limited number of drug targets with EGFR inhibitors being the largest group of cytotoxic compounds. However, in the PTEN mutant, NF1 null cell line, VEGFR/PDGFR inhibitors and dual PIK3/mTOR inhibitors were the most common effective compounds. -
“Amenalief® Tab. 200Mg” in Japan
News Release July 3, 2017 Maruho Co., Ltd. Maruho receives manufacturing and marketing approval for Anti-Herpes Virus Agent “Amenalief® Tab. 200mg” in Japan Osaka (Japan), July 3, 2017 – Maruho Co., Ltd (“Maruho”, Head Office: Osaka, Japan, President and CEO: Koichi Takagi) announces that today it has received manufacturing and marketing approval from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW), for anti-herpes virus agent “Amenalief® Tab. 200mg” (INN: amenamevir) (hereinafter referred to as “the product”) for the treatment of herpes zoster (shingles) in Japan. The product is an anti-herpes virus agent with a novel mechanism of action created by Astellas Pharma Inc. (“Astellas”; Head Office: Tokyo, President and CEO: Yoshihiko Hatanaka). The product has been observed to inhibit the proliferation of the varicella-zoster virus (hereinafter VZV) by inhibiting the activity of the helicase-primase complex, which is essential for viral DNA replication. In August 2012, Maruho and Astellas agreed on a license agreement for the development and commercialization of the product in Japan, and Maruho has been progressing its development. Herpes zoster (shingles) is a disease caused by reactivation of the chickenpox VZV in latently-infected nerve ganglia. The main treatment for shingles is anti-herpes virus agents. The product is proven to be effective against VZV when administered once a day after meals. Also, since most of the product is excreted in feces, it is not necessary to adjust the dosage and administration according to creatinine clearance, an indicator of kidney function. Maruho hopes the product will contribute to the expansion of treatment options and improvement in adherence for the treatment of shingles in Japan. -
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Each Key Question
Supplemental Table 1: Inclusion and exclusion criteria for each key question Chronic HBV infection in adults ≥ 18 year old (detectable HBsAg in serum for >6 months) Definition of disease Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 HBV HBV infection with infection and persistent compensated Immunoactive Immunotolerant Seroconverted HBeAg HBV mono-infected viral load cirrhosis with Population chronic HBV chronic HBV from HBeAg to negative population under low level infection infection anti-HBe entecavir or viremia tenofovir (<2000 treatment IU/ml) Adding 2nd Stopped antiviral therapy antiviral drug Interventions and Entecavir compared Antiviral Antiviral therapy compared to continued compared to comparisons to tenofovir therapy therapy continued monotherapy Q1-2: Clinical outcomes: Cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease, HCC and death Intermediate outcomes (if evidence on clinical outcomes is limited or unavailable): HBsAg loss, HBeAg seroconversion and Outcomes HBeAg loss Q3-4: Cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease, HCC, relapse (viral and clinical) and HBsAg loss Q5: Renal function, hypophosphatemia and bone density Q6: Resistance, flare/decompensation and HBeAg loss Q7: Clinical outcomes: Cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease, HCC and death Study design RCT and controlled observational studies Acute HBV infection, children and pregnant women, HIV (+), HCV (+) or HDV (+) persons or other special populations Exclusions such as hemodialysis, transplant, and treatment failure populations. Co treatment with steroids and uncontrolled studies. Supplemental Table 2: Detailed Search Strategy: Ovid Database(s): Embase 1988 to 2014 Week 37, Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non- Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present, EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials August 2014, EBM Reviews - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005 to July 2014 Search Strategy: # Searches Results 1 exp Hepatitis B/dt 26410 ("hepatitis B" or "serum hepatitis" or "hippie hepatitis" or "injection hepatitis" or 2 178548 "hepatitis type B").mp. -
LEUSTATIN (Cladribine) Injection Should Be Administered Under the Supervision of a Qualified Physician Experienced in the Use of Antineoplastic Therapy
LEUSTATIN (cladribine) Injection For Intravenous Infusion Only WARNING LEUSTATIN (cladribine) Injection should be administered under the supervision of a qualified physician experienced in the use of antineoplastic therapy. Suppression of bone marrow function should be anticipated. This is usually reversible and appears to be dose dependent. Serious neurological toxicity (including irreversible paraparesis and quadraparesis) has been reported in patients who received LEUSTATIN Injection by continuous infusion at high doses (4 to 9 times the recommended dose for Hairy Cell Leukemia). Neurologic toxicity appears to demonstrate a dose relationship; however, severe neurological toxicity has been reported rarely following treatment with standard cladribine dosing regimens. Acute nephrotoxicity has been observed with high doses of LEUSTATIN (4 to 9 times the recommended dose for Hairy Cell Leukemia), especially when given concomitantly with other nephrotoxic agents/therapies. DESCRIPTION LEUSTATIN (cladribine) Injection (also commonly known as 2-chloro-2΄-deoxy- β -D-adenosine) is a synthetic antineoplastic agent for continuous intravenous infusion. It is a clear, colorless, sterile, preservative-free, isotonic solution. LEUSTATIN Injection is available in single-use vials containing 10 mg (1 mg/mL) of cladribine, a chlorinated purine nucleoside analog. Each milliliter of LEUSTATIN Injection contains 1 mg of the active ingredient and 9 mg (0.15 mEq) of sodium chloride as an inactive ingredient. The solution has a pH range of 5.5 to 8.0. Phosphoric -
Synthesis of Ribavirin, Tecadenoson, and Cladribine by Enzymatic Transglycosylation
catalysts Article Synthesis of Ribavirin, Tecadenoson, and Cladribine by Enzymatic Transglycosylation 1, 2 2,3 2 Marco Rabuffetti y, Teodora Bavaro , Riccardo Semproli , Giulia Cattaneo , Michela Massone 1, Carlo F. Morelli 1 , Giovanna Speranza 1,* and Daniela Ubiali 2,* 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy; marco.rabuff[email protected] (M.R.); [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (C.F.M.) 2 Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected] (T.B.); [email protected] (R.S.); [email protected] (G.C.) 3 Consorzio Italbiotec, via Fantoli 15/16, c/o Polo Multimedica, I-20138 Milano, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] (G.S.); [email protected] (D.U.); Tel.: +39-02-50314097 (G.S.); +39-0382-987889 (D.U.) Present address: Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, y via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy. Received: 7 March 2019; Accepted: 8 April 2019; Published: 12 April 2019 Abstract: Despite the impressive progress in nucleoside chemistry to date, the synthesis of nucleoside analogues is still a challenge. Chemoenzymatic synthesis has been proven to overcome most of the constraints of conventional nucleoside chemistry. A purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Aeromonas hydrophila (AhPNP) has been used herein to catalyze the synthesis of Ribavirin, Tecadenoson, and Cladribine, by a “one-pot, one-enzyme” transglycosylation, which is the transfer of the carbohydrate moiety from a nucleoside donor to a heterocyclic base. As the sugar donor, 7-methylguanosine iodide and its 20-deoxy counterpart were synthesized and incubated either with the “purine-like” base or the modified purine of the three selected APIs. -
Herpes Simplex Virus
HSV Herpes simplex virus HSV (Herpes simplex virus) can be spread when an infected person is producing and shedding the virus. Herpes simplex can be spread through contact with saliva, such as sharing drinks. Symptoms of herpes simplex virus infection include watery blisters in the skin or mucous membranes of the mouth, lips or genitals. Lesions heal with ascab characteristic of herpetic disease. As neurotropic and neuroinvasive viruses, HSV-1 and -2 persist in the body by becoming latent and hiding from the immune system in the cell bodies of neurons. After the initial or primary infection, some infected people experience sporadic episodes of viral reactivation or outbreaks. www.MedChemExpress.com 1 HSV Inhibitors (Z)-Capsaicin 1-Docosanol (Zucapsaicin; Civamide; cis-Capsaicin) Cat. No.: HY-B1583 (Behenyl alcohol) Cat. No.: HY-B0222 (Z)-Capsaicin is the cis isomer of capsaicin, acts 1-Docosanol is a saturated fatty alcohol used as an orally active TRPV1 agonist, and is used in traditionally as an emollient, emulsifier, and the research of neuropathic pain. thickener in cosmetics, and nutritional supplement; inhibitor of lipid-enveloped viruses including herpes simplex. Purity: 99.96% Purity: ≥98.0% Clinical Data: Launched Clinical Data: Launched Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 10 mg, 50 mg Size: 500 mg 2-Deoxy-D-glucose 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (2-DG; 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose; D-Arabino-2-deoxyhexose) Cat. No.: HY-13966 Cat. No.: HY-N1401 2-Deoxy-D-glucose is a glucose analog that acts as 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2, a matrix a competitive inhibitor of glucose metabolism, metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, acts as a inhibiting glycolysis via its actions on hexokinase. -
COMPARISON of the WHO ATC CLASSIFICATION & Ephmra/Intellus Worldwide ANATOMICAL CLASSIFICATION
COMPARISON OF THE WHO ATC CLASSIFICATION & EphMRA/Intellus Worldwide ANATOMICAL CLASSIFICATION: VERSION June 2019 2 Comparison of the WHO ATC Classification and EphMRA / Intellus Worldwide Anatomical Classification The following booklet is designed to improve the understanding of the two classification systems. The development of the two systems had previously taken place separately. EphMRA and WHO are now working together to ensure that there is a convergence of the 2 systems rather than a divergence. In order to better understand the two classification systems, we should pay attention to the way in which substances/products are classified. WHO mainly classifies substances according to the therapeutic or pharmaceutical aspects and in one class only (particular formulations or strengths can be given separate codes, e.g. clonidine in C02A as antihypertensive agent, N02C as anti-migraine product and S01E as ophthalmic product). EphMRA classifies products, mainly according to their indications and use. Therefore, it is possible to find the same compound in several classes, depending on the product, e.g., NAPROXEN tablets can be classified in M1A (antirheumatic), N2B (analgesic) and G2C if indicated for gynaecological conditions only. The purposes of classification are also different: The main purpose of the WHO classification is for international drug utilisation research and for adverse drug reaction monitoring. This classification is recommended by the WHO for use in international drug utilisation research. The EphMRA/Intellus Worldwide classification has a primary objective to satisfy the marketing needs of the pharmaceutical companies. Therefore, a direct comparison is sometimes difficult due to the different nature and purpose of the two systems. -
WHO Drug Information Vol
WHO Drug Information Vol. 33, No. 2, 2019 WHO Drug Information Contents Publication News 135 53rd report of the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations (ECSPP) Consultation Documents 139 Concept Note: A Framework for Evaluating and Publicly Designating Regulatory Authorities as WHO-Listed Authorities 159 Quality Management System Requirements for National Inspectorates 174 Procedure for the Elaboration, Revision and Omission of Monographs and Other Texts for The International Pharmacopoeia 179 Good Chromatography Practices 194 Good Storage and Distribution Practices for Medical Products ATC/DD Classification 226 ATC/DDD Classification (Temporary) 229 ATC/DDD Classification (Final) International Nonproprietary Names (INN) 233 List No. 121 of Proposed International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for Pharmaceutical Substances Abbreviations and websites CHMP Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (EMA) EMA European Medicines Agency (www.ema.europa.eu) EU European Union FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration (www.fda.gov) Health Canada Federal department responsible for health product regulation in Canada (www.hc-sc.gc.ca) HPRA Health Products Regulatory Authority, Ireland (www.hpra.ie) HSA Health Sciences Authority, Singapore (www.hsa.gov.sg) ICDRA International Conference of Drug Regulatory Authorities ICH International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (www.ich.org) IGDRP International Generic Drug Regulators Programme (https://www.igdrp.com) -
Report on the Deliberation Results June 7, 2017 Pharmaceutical
Report on the Deliberation Results June 7, 2017 Pharmaceutical Evaluation Division, Pharmaceutical Safety and Environmental Health Bureau Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Brand Name Amenalief Tab. 200 mg Non-proprietary Name Amenamevir (JAN*) Applicant Maruho Co., Ltd. Date of Application April 27, 2016 Results of Deliberation In its meeting held on May 30, 2017, the Second Committee on New Drugs concluded that the product may be approved and that this result should be presented to the Pharmaceutical Affairs Department of the Pharmaceutical Affairs and Food Sanitation Council. The product is not classified as a biological product or a specified biological product. The re- examination period is 8 years. Neither the drug product nor its drug substance is classified as a poisonous drug or a powerful drug. Condition of Approval The applicant is required to develop and appropriately implement a risk management plan. *Japanese Accepted Name (modified INN) This English translation of this Japanese review report is intended to serve as reference material made available for the convenience of users. In the event of any inconsistency between the Japanese original and this English translation, the Japanese original shall take precedence. PMDA will not be responsible for any consequence resulting from the use of this reference English translation. Review Report May 8, 2017 Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency The following are the results of the review of the following pharmaceutical product submitted for marketing approval conducted by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA). Brand Name Amenalief Tab. 200 mg Non-proprietary Name Amenamevir Applicant Maruho Co., Ltd. Date of Application April 27, 2016 Dosage Form/Strength Tablets: Each tablet contains 200 mg of Amenamevir. -
Cladribine Injection
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH PrCLADRIBINE INJECTION Solution for Intravenous Injection 1 mg/mL USP Antineoplastic / Chemotherapeutic Agent Fresenius Kabi Canada Ltd. Date of Revision: 165 Galaxy Blvd, Suite 100 June 9, 2015 Toronto, ON M9W 0C8 Control No.: 181078 Table of Contents PART I: HEALTH PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION ......................................................... 3 SUMMARY PRODUCT INFORMATION ............................................................................... 3 INDICATIONS AND CLINICAL USE ..................................................................................... 3 CONTRAINDICATIONS .......................................................................................................... 3 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ......................................................................................... 4 ADVERSE REACTIONS ........................................................................................................... 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS ......................................................................................................... 10 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ..................................................................................... 11 OVERDOSAGE ....................................................................................................................... 13 ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY ................................................................... 14 STORAGE AND STABILITY ................................................................................................ -
Original Article Treatment of Hairy Cell Leukemia with Cladribine
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Annals of Oncology 13: 1641–1649, 2002 Original article DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdf272 Treatment of hairy cell leukemia with cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine) by subcutaneous bolus injection: a phase II study A. von Rohr1*, S.-F. H. Schmitz2, A. Tichelli3, U. Hess4, D. Piguet5, M. Wernli6, N. Frickhofen7, G. Konwalinka8, G. Zulian9, M. Ghielmini10, B. Rufener2, C. Racine1, M. F. Fey1, T. Cerny1, D. Betticher1 & A. Tobler11 On Behalf of the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Bern, Switzerland 1Institute of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern; 2SIAK Coordinating Center, Bern; 3Division of Hematology, Kantonsspital, Basel; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital, St Gallen; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital des Cadolles, Neuchâtel; 6Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital, Aarau, Switzerland; 7Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany; 8Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria; 9Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Geneva; 10Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona; 11Central Hematology Laboratory, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland Received 8 January 2002; revised 11 April 2002; accepted 24 April 2002 Background: To assess the activity and toxicity of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (cladribine, CDA) given by subcutaneous bolus injections to patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Patients and methods: Sixty-two eligible patients with classic or prolymphocytic HCL (33 non- pretreated patients, 15 patients with relapse after previous treatment, and 14 patients with progressive disease during a treatment other than CDA) were treated with CDA 0.14 mg/kg/day by subcutaneous bolus injections for five consecutive days. -
Current Drugs to Treat Infections with Herpes Simplex Viruses-1 and -2
viruses Review Current Drugs to Treat Infections with Herpes Simplex Viruses-1 and -2 Lauren A. Sadowski 1,†, Rista Upadhyay 1,2,†, Zachary W. Greeley 1,‡ and Barry J. Margulies 1,3,* 1 Towson University Herpes Virus Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA; [email protected] (L.A.S.); [email protected] (R.U.); [email protected] (Z.W.G.) 2 Towson University Department of Chemistry, Towson, MD 21252, USA 3 Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, and Bioinformatics Program, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] † Authors contributed equally to this manuscript. ‡ Current address: Becton-Dickinson, Sparks, MD 21152, USA. Abstract: Herpes simplex viruses-1 and -2 (HSV-1 and -2) are two of the three human alphaher- pesviruses that cause infections worldwide. Since both viruses can be acquired in the absence of visible signs and symptoms, yet still result in lifelong infection, it is imperative that we provide interventions to keep them at bay, especially in immunocompromised patients. While numerous experimental vaccines are under consideration, current intervention consists solely of antiviral chemotherapeutic agents. This review explores all of the clinically approved drugs used to prevent the worst sequelae of recurrent outbreaks by these viruses. Keywords: acyclovir; ganciclovir; cidofovir; vidarabine; foscarnet; amenamevir; docosanol; nelfi- navir; HSV-1; HSV-2 Citation: Sadowski, L.A.; Upadhyay, R.; Greeley, Z.W.; Margulies, B.J. Current Drugs to Treat Infections 1. Introduction with Herpes Simplex Viruses-1 and -2. The world of anti-herpes simplex (anti-HSV) agents took flight in 1962 with the FDA Viruses 2021, 13, 1228.