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In the Mediterranean Sea

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In the Mediterranean Sea 2015 OIL AND GAS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA: ARE THE RISKS WORTH THE BENEFITS? 1 Total oil and gas TOTAL NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION production in the THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR Mediterranean Region 166,796,000 t DATA: 1 EUROSTAT AND BP 166,796 IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA STATISTICAL REVIEW OF WORLD ENERGY (JUNE 2014), thousands tons of oil equivalent FOR THE YEAR 2013 2 PLAN BLEU (2014) NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION 2013 In recent years, the Mediterranean Sea has seen FOR THE YEAR 2011 IN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES an increase in oil and gas related activities. 2 166,796 Exploration, drilling, transportation and stocking OFFSHORE NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION thousands tons of oil equivalent of oil and gas have increased especially among 48,599,000 t NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION 2013 non-traditional oil producing countries GAS such as Croatia, Cyprus, Malta and Italy. IN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES 2 The rapid growth of the sector has caused considerable OFFSHORE OIL PRODUCTION OIL concern both among local populations, that are 20,083,000 t worried about the potential environmental and health risks and also among other economic sectors, that could be affected by the oil and gas industry. Several governments, however, are looking at the TOTAL OIL PRODUCTION 1 oil and gas as a source of jobs and opportunities for ,000 economic growth. 144,647 t 68,900 Oil and gas 68,900 production in 46,500 46,500 34,500 Mediterranean 34,500 countries DATA: EUROSTAT AND BP STATISTICAL REVIEW OF WORLD 5,603 ENERGY 2,484 3,0005,603 2,800 826 2,4841,135 3,000610 2,800 826 1,13571 369610 71 369 0 GAS PRODUCTION 2013 NATURAL 0 GAS PRODUCTION 2013 NATURAL 3 6 50 289 15 443 0 3 6 50 289 15 443 01,507 1,507 4,000 6,335 4,000 6,335 10,800 10,800 (espressed in thousands tons of oil equivalent) 50,500 (espressed in thousands tons of oil equivalent) 50,500 OIL PRODUCTION 2013 OIL PRODUCTION 2013 70,700 70,700 SLOVENIA GREECE SPAIN FRANCE ALBANIA CROATIA TURKEY TUNISIA SYRIA ITALY LIBYA EGYPT ALGERIA SLOVENIA GREECE SPAIN FRANCE ALBANIA CROATIA TURKEY TUNISIA SYRIA ITALY LIBYA EGYPT ALGERIA OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION OIL AND GAS OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION PIPELINES CURRENT PRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT AREAS EXISTING PIPELINE CURRENT EXPLORATION AREAS PROPOSED PIPELINE POTENTIAL FUTURE EXPLORATION AREAS* * DESIGNED BY EACH COUNTRY SOURCES: DRILLINGINFO (APRIL 2015) SOURCES: WORLDMAP (2014) DESIGN AND PRODUCTION: WWF FRANCE - TERRA MARIS OFFICIAL NATIONAL SOURCES (2015) OFFICIAL NATIONAL SOURCES (2015) COORDINATE SYSTEM - PROJECTON: ETRS 1989 LAEA THE MAIN ECONOMIC SECTORS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA REGION Considering the high sensitivity of the main economic sectors of the Mediterranean Sea Region, it is reasonable to expect that many THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION MARITIME TRANSPORT A LARGE-SCALE OIL SPILL (SUCH AS conflicts could arisefrom the expansion of IS THE WORLD’S LEADING IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA THE DEEPWATER HORIZON IN THE the oil and gas industry in the future. TOURIST DESTINATION, ACCOUNTS FOR GULF OF MEXICO) COULD COVER Here we provide a comparative analysis REPRESENTING OVER between the number of jobs and the Gross 19% of GLOBAL 20% OF THE Value Added (GVA) of key sectors in the 31% of WORLD TOURISM SHIPPING TRAFFIC MEDITERRANEAN Mediterranean Sea. (275M ANNUAL VISITORS) SURFACE (500,000km2) 2 FISHERIES + MARITIME 1 3 4 5 TOURISM AQUACULTURE TRANSPORT OIL & GAS TOTAL CONTRIBUTION DATA: EUROSTAT AND BP STATISTICAL TO EMPLOYMENT REVIEW OF WORLD ENERGY 1 7,642 1,121 27 300 (THOUSAND OF JOBS) TOURISM, 2013 2 FISHERIES, 2008; 3 AQUACULTURE, 2013 (GVA), 2008 (EMPLOYMENT) 4 MARITIME TRANSPORT, 2009-2010-2011 (5% DAMAGE) 5 OIL & GAS, 2013 While for the fisheries and tourism sectors the full GVAs were compared, for the transport sector, which is generally much less directly affected by a potential spill, an estimate of 5% impact on the overall sector was considered and therefore only the 5% impact of the GVA and total employment are represented in the graphs. TOTAL CONTRIBUTION TO GVA 348,109 € 4,220 € 133 € 19,139 € (MILLION OF EURO) CASE STUDIES CONCLUSIONS MT Haven, 1991, Genova (Italy) The environmental damage of the 1991 MT Haven oil spill (30-50,000 t of oil) off the coast of Genova (Italy) had been estimated in the range of 620 - 1,033 million euro (excluding economic losses). Direct impacts included an estimated 43% reduction in fish populations in some fishing areas and 40 km of Italian coastline impacted by 1,400 barrels of oil. Prestige, 2002, Galizia (Spain) As a result of the Prestige oil spill there has been an estimated production decrease in the fisheries and aquaculture sector of about 34,000 t and a reduction on revenues of 65 million euro. Don Pedro, 2007, Ibiza (Spain) Large scale oil spills (such as the ones of services, against the income produced The sinking of the Don Pedro merchant ship in 2007, near the the Exxon Valdez, DeepWater Horizon, by key economic sectors (i.e. tourism, island of Ibiza, showed that even a small oil spill (about 20 t), with a series of circumstances that significantly lessened its Prestige and MTHaven) are likely to occur fisheries, aquaculture), the balance is impact, was sufficient to compromise an entire season in in the Mediterranean, especially if the oil clearly negative. and gas industry will be further developed. this “sun and sand” tourist destination. Therefore, from an economic point If we assess the potential impacts of view, oil and gas activities in the Accidents resulting ITALY from oil and gas 16 deriving from extractive activities, Mediterranean Sea present more operations in the including the likely loss of ecosystem risks than benefits. Mediterranean Sea from 1970 to 2009 1 ALGERIA WWF POSITION ON OIL AND GAS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA O&G 1 CYPRUS 1 ISRAEL ACCIDENTS 1 LIBYA WWF DOES NOT SUPPORT ANY NEW OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT ANYWHERE (1970-2009) 1 MOROCCO IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA REGION. NEW HYDROCARBON DEVELOPMENT IS NOT 1 TUNIS 5 GREECE AN ENVIRONMENTALLY OR ECONOMICALLY SUSTAINABLE POLICY. THEREFORE, 1 TURKEY WWF OPPOSES ANY EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION OF NEW HYDROCARBON 3 MALTA DEVELOPMENT ON BOTH THE CONTINENTAL SHELF AND THE DEEP-SEA FLOOR IN DATA: WORLD OFFSHORE 4 SPAIN ACCIDENTS DATABASE 3 FRANCE THE MEDITERRANEAN. 100% RECYCLED Why we are here To stop the degration of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature. WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative, Via Po, 25/c – 00198 Rome (Italy) wwf.panda.org Developed in collaboration with: Source International Design and layout: Tangerine Lab, Editing: Rottermaier - Servizi Letterari Oil and gas map: DrillingInfo (2015) – ALES database.
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