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A Timeline of Significant Events in the Development of North American Mammalogy
SpecialSpecial PublicationsPublications MuseumMuseum ofof TexasTexas TechTech UniversityUniversity NumberNumber xx66 21 Novemberxx XXXX 20102017 A Timeline of SignificantTitle Events in the Development of North American Mammalogy Molecular Biology Structural Biology Biochemistry Microbiology Genomics Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Computer Science Statistics Physical Chemistry Information Technology Mathematics David J. Schmidly, Robert D. Bradley, Lisa C. Bradley, and Richard D. Stevens Front cover: This figure depicts a chronological presentation of some of the significant events, technological breakthroughs, and iconic personalities in the history of North American mammalogy. Red lines and arrows depict the chronological flow (i.e., top row – read left to right, middle row – read right to left, and third row – read left to right). See text and tables for expanded interpretation of the importance of each person or event. Top row: The first three panels (from left) are associated with the time period entitled “The Emergence Phase (16th‒18th Centuries)” – Mark Catesby’s 1748 map of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands, Thomas Jefferson, and Charles Willson Peale; the next two panels represent “The Discovery Phase (19th Century)” – Spencer Fullerton Baird and C. Hart Merriam. Middle row: The first two panels (from right) represent “The Natural History Phase (1901‒1960)” – Joseph Grinnell and E. Raymond Hall; the next three panels (from right) depict “The Theoretical and Technological Phase (1961‒2000)” – illustration of Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson’s theory of island biogeography, karyogram depicting g-banded chromosomes, and photograph of electrophoretic mobility of proteins from an allozyme analysis. Bottom row: These four panels (from left) represent the “Big Data Phase (2001‒present)” – chromatogram illustrating a DNA sequence, bioinformatics and computational biology, phylogenetic tree of mammals, and storage banks for a supercomputer. -
I FLATWORM PREDATION on JUVENILE FRESHWATER
FLATWORM PREDATION ON JUVENILE FRESHWATER MUSSELS A Thesis Presented to the Graduate College of Southwest Missouri State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree By Angela Marie Delp July 2002 i FLATWORM PREDATION OF JUVENILE FRESHWATER MUSSELS Biology Department Southwest Missouri State University, July 27, 2002 Master of Science in Biology Angela Marie Delp ABSTRACT Free-living flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Turbellaria) are important predators on small aquatic invertebrates. Macrostomum tuba, a predominantly benthic species, feeds on juvenile freshwater mussels in fish hatcheries and mussel culture facilities. Laboratory experiments were performed to assess the predation rate of M. tuba on newly transformed juveniles of plain pocketbook mussel, Lampsilis cardium. Predation rate at 20 oC in dishes without substrate was 0.26 mussels·worm-1·h-1. Predation rate increased to 0.43 mussels·worm-1·h-1 when a substrate, polyurethane foam, was present. Substrate may have altered behavior of the predator and brought the flatworms in contact with the mussels more often. An alternative prey, the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia reticulata, was eaten at a higher rate than mussels when only one prey type was present, but at a similar rate when both were present. Finally, the effect of flatworm size (0.7- 2.2 mm long) on predation rate on mussels (0.2 mm) was tested. Predation rate increased with predator size. The slope of this relationship decreased with increasing predator size. Predation rate was near zero in 0.7 mm worms. Juvenile mussels grow rapidly and can escape flatworm predation by exceeding the size of these tiny predators. -
Cumulated Bibliography of Biographies of Ocean Scientists Deborah Day, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives Revised December 3, 2001
Cumulated Bibliography of Biographies of Ocean Scientists Deborah Day, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives Revised December 3, 2001. Preface This bibliography attempts to list all substantial autobiographies, biographies, festschrifts and obituaries of prominent oceanographers, marine biologists, fisheries scientists, and other scientists who worked in the marine environment published in journals and books after 1922, the publication date of Herdman’s Founders of Oceanography. The bibliography does not include newspaper obituaries, government documents, or citations to brief entries in general biographical sources. Items are listed alphabetically by author, and then chronologically by date of publication under a legend that includes the full name of the individual, his/her date of birth in European style(day, month in roman numeral, year), followed by his/her place of birth, then his date of death and place of death. Entries are in author-editor style following the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 14th ed., 1993). Citations are annotated to list the language if it is not obvious from the text. Annotations will also indicate if the citation includes a list of the scientist’s papers, if there is a relationship between the author of the citation and the scientist, or if the citation is written for a particular audience. This bibliography of biographies of scientists of the sea is based on Jacqueline Carpine-Lancre’s bibliography of biographies first published annually beginning with issue 4 of the History of Oceanography Newsletter (September 1992). It was supplemented by a bibliography maintained by Eric L. Mills and citations in the biographical files of the Archives of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD. -
Annual Report
COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS ANNUAL REPORT July 1,1996-June 30,1997 Main Office Washington Office The Harold Pratt House 1779 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. 58 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021 Washington, DC 20036 Tel. (212) 434-9400; Fax (212) 861-1789 Tel. (202) 518-3400; Fax (202) 986-2984 Website www. foreignrela tions. org e-mail publicaffairs@email. cfr. org OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, 1997-98 Officers Directors Charlayne Hunter-Gault Peter G. Peterson Term Expiring 1998 Frank Savage* Chairman of the Board Peggy Dulany Laura D'Andrea Tyson Maurice R. Greenberg Robert F Erburu Leslie H. Gelb Vice Chairman Karen Elliott House ex officio Leslie H. Gelb Joshua Lederberg President Vincent A. Mai Honorary Officers Michael P Peters Garrick Utley and Directors Emeriti Senior Vice President Term Expiring 1999 Douglas Dillon and Chief Operating Officer Carla A. Hills Caryl R Haskins Alton Frye Robert D. Hormats Grayson Kirk Senior Vice President William J. McDonough Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. Paula J. Dobriansky Theodore C. Sorensen James A. Perkins Vice President, Washington Program George Soros David Rockefeller Gary C. Hufbauer Paul A. Volcker Honorary Chairman Vice President, Director of Studies Robert A. Scalapino Term Expiring 2000 David Kellogg Cyrus R. Vance Jessica R Einhorn Vice President, Communications Glenn E. Watts and Corporate Affairs Louis V Gerstner, Jr. Abraham F. Lowenthal Hanna Holborn Gray Vice President and Maurice R. Greenberg Deputy National Director George J. Mitchell Janice L. Murray Warren B. Rudman Vice President and Treasurer Term Expiring 2001 Karen M. Sughrue Lee Cullum Vice President, Programs Mario L. Baeza and Media Projects Thomas R. -
Karl Jordan: a Life in Systematics
AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Kristin Renee Johnson for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History of SciencePresented on July 21, 2003. Title: Karl Jordan: A Life in Systematics Abstract approved: Paul Lawrence Farber Karl Jordan (1861-1959) was an extraordinarily productive entomologist who influenced the development of systematics, entomology, and naturalists' theoretical framework as well as their practice. He has been a figure in existing accounts of the naturalist tradition between 1890 and 1940 that have defended the relative contribution of naturalists to the modem evolutionary synthesis. These accounts, while useful, have primarily examined the natural history of the period in view of how it led to developments in the 193 Os and 40s, removing pre-Synthesis naturalists like Jordan from their research programs, institutional contexts, and disciplinary homes, for the sake of synthesis narratives. This dissertation redresses this picture by examining a naturalist, who, although often cited as important in the synthesis, is more accurately viewed as a man working on the problems of an earlier period. This study examines the specific problems that concerned Jordan, as well as the dynamic institutional, international, theoretical and methodological context of entomology and natural history during his lifetime. It focuses upon how the context in which natural history has been done changed greatly during Jordan's life time, and discusses the role of these changes in both placing naturalists on the defensive among an array of new disciplines and attitudes in science, and providing them with new tools and justifications for doing natural history. One of the primary intents of this study is to demonstrate the many different motives and conditions through which naturalists came to and worked in natural history. -
Leseprobe 9783791384900.Pdf
NYC Walks — Guide to New Architecture JOHN HILL PHOTOGRAPHY BY PAVEL BENDOV Prestel Munich — London — New York BRONX 7 Columbia University and Barnard College 6 Columbus Circle QUEENS to Lincoln Center 5 57th Street, 10 River to River East River MANHATTAN by Ferry 3 High Line and Its Environs 4 Bowery Changing 2 West Side Living 8 Brooklyn 9 1 Bridge Park Car-free G Train Tour Lower Manhattan of Brooklyn BROOKLYN Contents 16 Introduction 21 1. Car-free Lower Manhattan 49 2. West Side Living 69 3. High Line and Its Environs 91 4. Bowery Changing 109 5. 57th Street, River to River QUEENS 125 6. Columbus Circle to Lincoln Center 143 7. Columbia University and Barnard College 161 8. Brooklyn Bridge Park 177 9. G Train Tour of Brooklyn 195 10. East River by Ferry 211 20 More Places to See 217 Acknowledgments BROOKLYN 2 West Side Living 2.75 MILES / 4.4 KM This tour starts at the southwest corner of Leonard and Church Streets in Tribeca and ends in the West Village overlooking a remnant of the elevated railway that was transformed into the High Line. Early last century, industrial piers stretched up the Hudson River from the Battery to the Upper West Side. Most respectable New Yorkers shied away from the working waterfront and therefore lived toward the middle of the island. But in today’s postindustrial Manhattan, the West Side is a highly desirable—and expensive— place, home to residential developments catering to the well-to-do who want to live close to the waterfront and its now recreational piers. -
T H E N E I G H B O R H O O D : V a R I C K S T R E E T S O H O / H U D S O N
150 FOOD USES NOW ACCEPTED! VARICK STREET SOHO/HUDSON SQ Powerful presence at the gateway THE NEIGHBORHOOD: to Hudson Square and Soho. This dramatic ground floor industrial space • Transportation: The entrance to the C/E subway line is on is being repositioned and will feature the same block which has 3.4 million riders annually 60’ of new, customizable frontage on • Offices: Hudson Sq is home to over 53,000 office workers Varick Street. who populate the 2.4 million SF of office space • Residents: Over 10,000 current residents with another Ground Level.......................2,750 SF 3,500 units planned to be built over the next 9 years Frontage......................................60’ following the re-zoning of Hudson Square Ceiling Height..............................14’ • Hudson Square BID: Spring Street west of 6th Avenue will Term................................Negotiable receive $27 million to revitalize the streetscape and Possession.........................Immediate solidify this corridor as the central shopping destination of Asking Rent...................Please Inquire Hudson Square Avenue Of The Americas *Additional 5,350 SF possible *All logical divisions considered 50’ Spring Street Vandam Street Vandam 60’ Varick Street NEIGHBORING RETAILERS INCLUDE: • Trader Joe’s (soon) • The Dominick Hotel • Starbucks • City Winery • La Colombe • Aveda • Cafe Altro Paradiso • Ducati • Essen • TD Bank PLEASE CONTACT: Christopher Owles 212.604.9002 l [email protected] Randy Kornblatt 646.673.8772 l [email protected] WEST 4TH STREET WEST 4TH -
The Foreign Service Journal, September 1980
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THE INTELLECTUAL ORIGINS of the Mcculloch
JHBS—WILEY RIGHT BATCH Top of ID Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 38(1), 3–25 Winter 2002 ᭧ 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (PHYSIO)LOGICAL CIRCUITS: THE INTELLECTUAL ORIGINS OF THE Base of 1st McCULLOCH–PITTS NEURAL NETWORKS line of ART TARA H. ABRAHAM This article examines the intellectual and institutional factors that contributed to the col- laboration of neuropsychiatrist Warren McCulloch and mathematician Walter Pitts on the logic of neural networks, which culminated in their 1943 publication, “A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity.” Historians and scientists alike often refer to the McCulloch–Pitts paper as a landmark event in the history of cybernetics, and funda- mental to the development of cognitive science and artificial intelligence. This article seeks to bring some historical context to the McCulloch–Pitts collaboration itself, namely, their intellectual and scientific orientations and backgrounds, the key concepts that contributed to their paper, and the institutional context in which their collaboration was made. Al- though they were almost a generation apart and had dissimilar scientific backgrounds, McCulloch and Pitts had similar intellectual concerns, simultaneously motivated by issues in philosophy, neurology, and mathematics. This article demonstrates how these issues converged and found resonance in their model of neural networks. By examining the intellectual backgrounds of McCulloch and Pitts as individuals, it will be shown that besides being an important event in the history of cybernetics proper, the McCulloch– Pitts collaboration was an important result of early twentieth-century efforts to apply mathematics to neurological phenomena. ᭧ 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. -
Your Brain Is Like a Computer: Function, Analogy, Simplification
M. Chirimuuta November 2018 draft. Please do not circulate or quote without permission. Comments welcome! Your Brain is Like a Computer: Function, Analogy, Simplification M. Chirimuuta ([email protected]) History & Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh ABSTRACT The relationship between brain and computer is a perennial theme in theoretical neuroscience, but it has received relatively little attention in the philosophy of neuroscience. This paper argues that much of the popularity of the brain-computer comparison (e.g. circuit models of neurons and brain areas since McCulloch and Pitts [1943]) can be explained by their utility as ways of simplifying the brain. More specifically, by justifying a sharp distinction between aspects of neural anatomy and physiology that serve information-processing, and those that are ‘mere metabolic support,’ the computational framework provides a means of abstracting away from the complexities of cellular neurobiology, as those details come to be classified as irrelevant to the (computational) functions of the system. I argue that the relation between brain and computer should be understood as one of analogy, and consider the implications of this interpretation for notions of multiple realisation. I suggest some limitations of our understanding of the brain and cognition that may stem from the radical abstraction imposed by the computational framework. 0. PREAMBLE: LEIBNIZ THE INVENTOR Many histories of computation begin with the unrealised ambition of Gottfried Leibniz to devise a “universal characteristic”, a symbolic language in which factual propositions could be represented and further truths inferred by means of a mechanical calculating device (Davis 2000). Amongst the 20th century pioneers of computer science and artificial intelligence who took Leibniz for an inspirational figure1 were Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts (Lettvin 2016: xix). -
National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This Form Is for Use in Nominating Or Requesting Determinations for Individual Properties and Districts
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. 1. Name of Property Historic name: __ Frick Park ____________________________________________ Other names/site number: ______________________________________ Name of related multiple property listing: ________N/A___________________________________________________ (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Location Street & number: _1981 Beechwood Blvd. ____________________ City or town: _Pittsburgh___________ State: __PA__________ County: _Allegheny______ Not For Publication: N/A Vicinity: N/A ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties -
Charles Manning Child (1869-1954) [1]
Published on The Embryo Project Encyclopedia (https://embryo.asu.edu) Charles Manning Child (1869-1954) [1] By: Sunderland, Mary E. Keywords: Biography [2] Gradients [3] Born in Ypsilanti, Michigan, on 2 February 1869, Charles Manning Child [4] was the only surviving child of Mary Elizabeth and Charles Chauncey Child, a prosperous, old New England family. Growing up in Higganum, Connecticut, Child was interested in biology from an early age. He made extensive collections of plants and minerals on his family farm and went on to study biology at Wesleyan University [5], commuting from his family home. Child received his PhB in 1890 and MS in biology in 1892, and then went on to study in Leipzig [6] after his parents’ death. He worked for a short time in the psychology laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt [7], and then pursued studies in zoology under the supervision of Rudolf Leuckhart. His doctoral dissertation investigated morphological aspects of insect sense organs. Leuckhart emphasized the functional purpose of morphological structures and led many of his students to develop and defend the notion of teleology, including Child, who completed his PhD in 1894. The preformation [8]-epigenesis [9] controversy further fueled Child’s interest in early development and form. His career was devoted to finding the mechanisms that govern development and his working hypothesis posited a role for physiological factors. These factors were thought to play a key role in communication between protoplasmic units and were responsible for many processes in an organism’s life cycle. By the late 1890s, Child identified simple organisms as the best way to investigate these factors and life processes.