Bridge Engineering

BRIDGE ENGINEERING

 By J. S. Alagia

Edition : 8th Revised and Enlarged Edition – 1983 ISBN : 9789380358420 Size : 135 mm x 210 mm Binding : Half - cloth Hard-Bound ` 75.00 BUY Pages : 204 + 18 = 222

About the book CONTENT This text-book aims at presenting the fundamental principles of Bridge Engineering. Part I : DESCRIPTION OF BRIDGES It is characterised by the clear, methodical and step-by-step treatment of the subject. 1 : GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND TYPES OF BRIDGES Salient features of this book are: numerous diagrams, photographs, brief description and clear 2 : PERMANENT BIG BRIDGES [SUPERSTRUCTURES] exposition. Typical questions follow each chapter. 3 : PERMANENT BIG BRIDGES [SUBSTRUCTURES] Throughout this book the chief aim has been to illustrate the subject matter fully with suitable 4 : PERMANENT SMALL BRIDGES diagrams and by direct treatment of the subject matter. 5 : TEMPORARY BRIDGES The book is written entirely in metric system of units. [TEMPORARY FIXED BRIDGES] It is hoped that this revised edition will prove useful to students preparing for degree examina- Part II : DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE tions in civil engineering of all the Indian Universities, Diploma Examinations of the various 1 : CHOICE OF TYPE OF A BRIDGE Technical Boards, Certificate Courses, and also Associate Membership Examinations of pro- 2 : GENERAL LAYOUT fessional bodies. It should also prove of interest and of practical value to practising engineers. 3 : PERMANENT BIG BRIDGES [SUPERSTRUCTURES] 4 : PERMANENT BIG BRIDGES [SUBSTRUCTURES] 5 : PERMANENT SMALL BRIDGES AND TEMPORARY BRIDGES 6 : CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE APPENDIX : BRIDGE ARCHITECTURE Index

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Charotar Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. Opposite Amul Dairy, Civil Court Road, Post Box No. 65, ANAND 388 001 India Telephone: (02692) 256237, Fax: (02692) 240089, e-mail: [email protected], http://cphbooks.in Follow us: BRIDGE ENGINEERING Detailed Contents PART I : DESCRIPTION OF BRIDGES R.C.C. abutments Chapter 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND TYPES OF WING WALLS 6 General classification of wing walls BRIDGES 7 Masonry wing walls 1 Introduction 8 R.C.C. wing walls 2 Development of bridges 9 Types of approaches (i) Availability of materials FOUNDATIONS (ii) Advent of new materials 10 Foundations to approaches (iii) Influence of pre-existing forms 11 Foundations to piers and abutments (iv) Advances in theory and in scientific experimental research Spread foundations (v) Advances in other branches of science Pile foundations (vi) Improvement of constructional methods Caissons 3 Some definitions 12 Cofferdams 4 Component parts of a bridge Questions 5 Deck, through and semi-through bridges Chapter 4: PERMANENT SMALL BRIDGES 6 Span 1 Culverts 7 Waterway and affiux Pipe culverts 8 Classification of bridges Box culverts IA Permanent big bridges Arch culverts Slab culverts IB Permanent small bridges Culverts with beams IIA Temporary fixed bridges 2 High level causeway IIB Movable bridges 3 Low level causeway Questions 4 Conditions to be satisfied to justify the construction of a Chapter 2: PERMANENT BIG BRIDGES [SUPERSTRUCTURES] causeway 1 Girder bridges 5 Data to collected for a causeway STEEL BRIDGES Questions (i) Beam bridges Chapter 5: TEMPORARY BRIDGES [TEMPORARY FIXED (ii) Plate girder bridges BRIDGES] (iii) Open web girder bridges or Truss bridges: 1 Introductory Simply supported 2 Materials and fastenings for temporary bridges (iv) Open web steel bridges or Truss bridges: 3 Causeways and metal dips Continuous, cantilever and balanced cantilever 4 Wooden bridges (v) Combined usages of steel grider bridges Superstructure Substructure R.C.C. GIRDER BRIDGES 5 Suspension bridges PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE GIRDER BRIDGES (i) Ramp bridge 2 Arch bridges (ii) Trestle suspension bridge MASONRY ARCH BRIDGES (iii) Sling bridge R.C.C. ARCH BRIDGES 6 Floating bridges Deck type R.C.C. arch bridges Boat bridge Through type R.C.C. arch bridges Pontoon bridges and raft bridges STEEL ARCH BRIDGES 7 Movable bridges Deck type steel arch bridges (i) Swing bridge Through and semi-through steel arch bridges (ii) Bascule bridge PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGES (iii) Traverser bridge 3 Suspension bridges (iv) Transporter bridge (v) Life bridge 4 Rigid frame bridges (vi) Flying bridge R.C.C. RIGID FRAME BRIDGES (vii) Cut boat bridge STEEL RIGID FRAME BRIDGES Questions 5 Expansion provisions in bridge floors Questions PART II : DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BRIDGES Chapter 3: PERMANENT BIG BRIDGES [SUBSTRUCTURES] PIERS Chapter 1: CHOICE OF TYPE OF A BRIDGE 1 Piers for girder bridges 1 Introductory SOLID PIERS 2 Deck and through bridges (i) Masonry piers 3 Submersible and non-submersible bridges (ii) R.C.C. piers 4 Temporary and permanent bridges OPEN PIERS PERMANENT BIG BRIDGES (i) Cylindrical piers – CHOICE OF SUPERSTRUCTURES (ii) Column bents 5 Choice between main types (iii) Pile bents 6 Girder bridges (iv) Trestle bents Steel girder bridges 2 Piers for arch bridges R.C.C. girder bridges 3 Piers for suspension bridges Pre-stressed concrete girder bridges 4 Piers for rigid frame bridges 7 Arch bridges ABUTMENTS 8 Suspension bridges 5 Abutments for girder bridges and arch bridges 9 Rigid frame bridges Masonry abutments PERMANENT BIG BRIDGES – CHOICE OF SUBSTRUCTURES

Charotar Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. Opposite Amul Dairy, Civil Court Road, Post Box No. 65, ANAND 388 001 India Telephone: (02692) 256237, Fax: (02692) 240089, e-mail: [email protected], http://cphbooks.in Follow us: BRIDGE ENGINEERING Detailed Contents 10 Piers, abutments and wing walls Chapter 4: PERMANENT BIG BRIDGES [SUBSTRUCTURES] 11 Approaches 1 Introduction 12 Foundations 2 Practical considerations and usual practices PERMANENT SMALL BRIDGES Piers 13 Comparison of various types Abutments Approaches TEMPORARY BRIDGES Wing walls 14 Temporary fixed bridges Foundations 15 Movable bridges 3 Forces acting on piers, abutments and wing walls Questions Dead load Chapter 2: GENERAL LAYOUT Live load and impact 1 Site selection Wind load Longitudinal and lateral loads 2 Alignment Water pressure 3 Waterway for average and big bridges Buoyancy and uplift Determining high floor discharge in case of non-submersible Earth pressure and live load surcharges bridge and normal floor discharge in case of submersible bridge Seismic load I Direct method 4 Modes of failure and conditions of stability II Indirect method 5 Design of foundations Computing waterway area 6 Materials used for abutments, piers and wing walls 4 Lineal waterway and afflux Questions 5 Waterway for small bridges Chapter 5: PERMANENT SMALL BRIDGES AND TEMPORARY 6 Determining of spans BRIDGES 7 Economic span 1 Introduction 8 Free board 2 Culverts 9 Clearances 3 Design of causeways 10 Depth of foundations 4 Wooden bridges Questions 5 Suspension bridges 6 Floating bridges Chapter 3: PERMANENT BIG BRIDGES [SUPERSTRUCTURES] 7 Movable bridges 1 Introductory Questions 2 Layouts and approximate designs of some features of the Chapter 6: CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE superstructures 1 Introductory Girder bridges 2 Steel girder bridges Arch bridges Fabrication Suspension bridges Erection Rigid frame bridges 3 R.C.C. and pre-stressed concrete girder bridges 3 Forces acting on the superstructure and codes of practice 4 Arch bridges LOADING ON BRIDGES 5 Suspension bridges General 6 Rigid frame bridges I Buoyancy pressure 7 Piers and abutments for big bridges II Centrifugal forces 8 Approaches and foundations 9 Permanent small bridges (1) Road bridges 10 Temporary bridges (2) Railway bridges Wooden bridges III Dead load Suspension bridges (1) Unwin’s formula 11 Movable bridges (2) American formula for plate girders 12 Testing of bridges (3) American formula for trusses Testing of a girder bridge (4) R.C.C. arches 13 Rating of existing bridges (5) R.C.C. slab bridges upto 6 m span 14 Posting of bridges (6) R.C.C. slab and T beam bridges Load limit postings IV Deformation stresses Speed postings V Earth pressure 15 Strengthening of bridge superstructure R.C.C. slab bridges VI Erection stresses R.C.C. beam and slab bridges VII Impact load Masonry arches For road bridges Steel bridges For railway bridges Continuous bridges VIII Live load Suspension bridges For road bridges 16 Widening the bridges For railway bridges 17 Maintenance of bridges IX Longitudinal forces Questions For road bridges Appendix: BRIDGE ARCHITECTURE For railway bridges Introduction X Secondary stresses Function, fitness and truth XI Seismic load Unity XII Temperature variation forces Definition XIII Water pressure Infection XIV Wind load Line For road bridges Mass For railway bridges Conclusion Questions Index