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(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Dr.Kavitha.OR 16CE SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) UNIT IV BRIDGES 16CE 401 – DESIGN OF STRUCTURES PRESENTED BY, O.R.KAVITHA ASSOC PROFESSOR DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 1/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) What is a bridge? A bridge is a structure that spans a divide such as: • A stream/river/ravine/valley • Railroad track/roadway/waterway The traffic that uses a bridge may include: • Pedestrian or cycle traffic • Vehicular or rail traffic • Water/gas pipes • A combination of all the above Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 2/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Function of A Bridge A bridge has to carry a service (which may be highway or railway traffic, a footpath, public utilities, etc.) over an obstacle (which may be another road or railway, a river, a valley, etc.) and to transfer the loads from the service to the foundations at ground level. Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 3/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Components of bridge • Super structure • Sub structure • Adjoining structure Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 4/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 5/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Super structure • Beams, Girders • Arch, Cables • Flooring • Bearing • Parapet wall, Hand Rail Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 6/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 7/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Sub structure The components of the bridge below the level of bearings is known as Sub Structure. • Abutments • Piers • Wing walls • Foundation for abutments and Piers Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 8/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Classification of Bridges • Based on material • As per alignment • As per location of bridges • Purpose • Acc. To type of super structure • Acc. To HFL • Acc. To type of span • Acc. To span length • Acc. To navigation facilities • Acc. To loading • Acc. Life of bridges • Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 9/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Classification of Bridges 3.Rcc Bridge 4. Steel Bridge Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 10/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Classification of Bridges 1.Timber Bridge: 2. Stone Masonry Bridge Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 11/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Classification of Bridges 5.Prestressed concrete bridge 6. Composite Bridge Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 12/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Classification of Bridges 1. Straight Alignment: When the alignment of bridge is perpendicular to the centre line of a river, it is called straight bridge. 2. Skew Bridge: When the alignment of a bridge is not perpendicular to the centre line of river, is called Skew Bridge Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 13/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Classification of Bridges Deck Bridge: When the bridge flooring is provided at the top of the super structure, it is called deck bridge Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 14/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Classification of Bridges 2. Through Bridge 3.Semi-Through Bridge: When the bridge flooring is provided at the When the flooring is located at bottom of the super structure, it is called some intermediate level in the super Through Bridge structure, it is called Semi-Through Bridge. Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 15/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) 1.Aquaduct: 2. Viaduct: It is small bridge It is a long continuous structure which constructed over a stream which remains carries a road or railway like bridge over dry for most part of the year is called dry valley composed of a series of spans aquaduct trestle bents instead of solid piers Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 16/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) 3.Grade separator 4. Viaduct: When two roads crosses each other and It is a long continuous structure which there is considerable differences in their carries a road or railway like bridge over formation level, a bridge structure is dry valley composed of a series of spans constructed , which is known as grade trestle bents instead of solid piers separator. Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 17/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Classification of Bridges 4. Highway Bridge: It is constructed on a roadway for the movement of vehicles Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 18/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Classification of Bridges 5.Railway Bridge It is constructed for the railway. 6.Foot Bridge A foot bridge is a bridge exclusively usedZfor carrying pedestrians, cycles and animals. 7.Pipe Bridge It is used to support pipeline for water, gas, oil, etc. Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 19/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Classification of Bridges Slab Bridge: Girder Bridge: When the span of bridge is 3 to 6m, slab When the span of a bridge is more, flooring is bridge is used, It is also called culvert. supported on RCC or steel girder. Such type of bridge is called girder bridge Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 20/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Classification of Bridges 3.Truss bridge When the flooring of a bridge is supported over steel trusses it is called truss bridge. Normally such type of bridges are used for railways Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 21/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Classification of Bridges 4. Suspension Bridge Suspension bridges consists of sets of cables hanging in a curve from which the roadway is supported. A flooring load is transferred suspenders and cables to the piers. Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 22/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Classification of Bridges 5. Arch Bridge In such type of bridge the weight of flooring is transferred to the piers through the arch. the floor beam is suspended trough hangers from arch. Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 23/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) 1. Submersible bridge or 2. Non-Submersible bridge: causeway: xIn this types of bridge formation level A road causeway is a pucca dip which is kept above the HFL, so that allows floods to pass over it. It may or maximum flood does not affect the may not have openings or vents for traffic on the bridge. low water to flow. Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 24/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) 1..Simply supported Bridge: 2. Continuous Bridge: When the bridge girders are simply When the super structure of a bridge is supported on piers, it is known as continuous over more than two simply supported bridges. supports, it is called continuous bridge. Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 25/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) 3.Cantilever bridge: 4. Balanced cantilever bridge: A cantilever bridge is formed of A balanced cantilever bridge consists of cantilevers projecting from the spans simply supported over cantilever. supporting piers. The ends of a . cantilever bridges are treated as fixed Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 26/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) 1. Culvert - span up to 8m. 2. Minor bridge – span 8 to 30m. 3. Major bridge – span 30 to 120m. 4. Long span bridge – span above 120m. Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 27/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) 1. Swing bridge: In case of swing bridge a central pier is provided with suitable bearing or rollers. The super structure consists of a pair of steel trusses and it can be rotated in a horizontal plan about vertical axis. Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 28/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) 2. Bascule bridge: In case of bascule bridge, the entire structure is rotated in a vertical plane about a horizontal axis. Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 29/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) 3.Traverser bridge: In case of traverser bridge, it is so arranged that the whole bridge can fully or partially be rolled forward or backward across the openings. 4.Lift bridge: In this type of bridge the truss is lifted up. 5.Transporter bridge: In case of transporter bridge, a moving cage is suspended from an overhead truss with the help of cable or wire ropes. Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 30/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) 1.Temporary bridge: • pontoon bridge- KUMBH MELA • boat bridge : COLKATA-RABINDRANATH SETU • flying bridge- West India Quay Dr.Kavitha.O.R. 16CE 401/ DRCS/ Bridge 31/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) 2. Permanent bridge: RCC bridges masonry bridges -Rajasthan steel bridges : Surat tapti river Dr.Kavitha.O.R.
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