People's Committee of Yen Bai Province

PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE OF YEN BAI PROVINCE

Public Disclosure Authorized

“Vietnam Improved Land Governance and Databased Project”

(VILG)

Public Disclosure Authorized ETHNIC MINORITIES DEVELOPMENT PLAN (Issued with Decision No. /QD-UBND in 2019 by the People's Committee of Yen Bai )

Public Disclosure Authorized

Yen Bai, 2019

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

DB Database

EMG Ethnic Minority Group

EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Program

MPLIS Multi-Purpose Land Information System

RD Rural Development

GDLA General Department of Land Administration

MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

C Central

PC People’s Committee

VILG “Vietnam: Improved Land Governance & Database” project Land Registration Office LRO

PPMU Provincial Project Management Office

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...... 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... 3

I. OVERVIEW ...... 4

1.1. Project Overview ...... 4

1.2. Project components...... 4

II. SUMMARY OF THE SOCIAL ASSESSMENT ...... 5

2.1. Ethnic Minority living in Project area...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2. Economic, social and cultural characteristics of ethnic minorities in the project area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3. Project Impact assessment ...... 20

2.4. Policy framework and legal basis ...... 21

III. RESULT OF COMMUNITY CONSULTATION ...... 24

3.1. Main findings from social consultation ...... 24

3.2. Consultation framework and method of community consultation ...... 26

IV. ACTION PLAN OF EMDP ...... 26

V. ORGANIZATION OF IMPLEMENTATION ...... 34 VI. DISSEMINATION OF ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND EM PARTICIPATION ...... 35

6.1. Disclosure of EMDP ...... 35

6.2. EM participation ...... 35

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 36

VIII. ESTIMATED COST ...... 37

IX. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ...... 39

ANNEX 1: PARTICIPANTS IN THE COMMUNITY CONSULTATION ANNEX 2: ESTIMATE COSTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLANS...... Error! Bookmark not defined.

I. OVERVIEW 1.1. Project Overview The project development objective (PDO) of ‘Vietnam: Improved Land Governance and Database’ Project (VILG) is to improve the efficiency and transparency in land administration services in the selected provinces in Vietnam. The PDO will be achieved through the development and implementation of the national Multi-Purpose Land Information System (MPLIS), a unified system of Land Registration Offices (LROs) and a system for the monitoring and evaluation of land use and management, both at national and sub-national levels. Specific objectives of the project: To develop and operate a Multi Purpose Land Information system to better meet the needs of local businesses, enterprises and citizens. - To improve the effectiveness, efficiency and transparency of land management in the project area through the completion of the land database - To complete and operate local land database (i.e. cadastral data, planning data, land use planning, land price data, statistical data, land inventory) for land management works, and with connection to the central government and to share land information with relevant sectors (taxation, notary, banks…). - To improve the public services delivery in the land sector by modernizing the central offices such as improving service standards by providing head-end equipment for the central offices and staff training. - To improve the effectiveness in disseminating and raising awareness in the communities in the project; Especially for the construction, management and operation of the land information system; monitoring and evaluation system for land management and use. 1.2. Project components The project would comprise three components as follows: Component 1: Strengthening Quality of Land Service Delivery. This component will support (a) modernizing and strengthening LROs to provide better land services; (b) training and providing communication systems and awareness raising for stakeholders, including implementation of ethnic minority development plans; and (c) establishing and operating a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system for land-use management. The investments under this component will sponsor for quality enhancement of land service delivery by streamlining service procedures and standards, renovating facilities, and building up the capacity of personnel working in LROs in project provinces. The component will also help monitor the implementation of land use management in accordance with Land Law 2013 and 4 progressively respond to current and emerging economic and social demandsfor better access to land information and better land services. The component will support unification of business standards and LRO working infrastructure at provincial and district levels. In addition, it will also enhance the participation of the public, corporates, and other stakeholders through communication and awareness campaigns. The activities under this component will facilitate and operationalize the technological advances that will have been brought about in Component 2 of the project and ensure better community participation. Component 2: Establishment of MPLIS. This component will sponsor the development of the software by funding the IT Expert Panel and implementation of software for the MPLIS; the development and implementation of the national land database through digitizing existing maps and property rights records; verification, updating and integration of cadastral data (both cadastral maps users and land use information), land price data, land use plan data, land disputes and complaints resolution information, and key land resources thematic information. It will also finance limited cadastre surveying and mapping to improve the completeness and accuracy of the existing cadastral information (about 20% of the total project costs); and the enhancement of public engagement in land information services, including the establishment of an MPLIS land portal to facilitate public access to land information based on market demands. Component 3: Project management will support overall project management, monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of activities and targets. - Name of Project: “Vietnam - Improved Land Governance and Database Project”, Abbreviations:VILG - Name of the sponsor: World Bank. - Agency responsible for Project management: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. - Line agencies involved in the Project: People’s Committee of Yen Bai Province. - Owner of Project: + Proposed project owner: General Department of Land Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. + Project owner for the area invested to build land database: Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Yen Bai province. - Duration of the project: from 2017 to 2022. - Location:The project will be implemented in 144 communes and towns of 06 districts of Yen Bai province, including: Tran Yen district, Yen Binh district, Luc Yen district, Van Chan district, Van Yen district and Mu Cang Chai district. 5

II. SUMMARY OF THE SOCIAL ASSESSMENT A social assessment was conducted by the PMU to collect data and information on ethnic minority communities in the project areas. Of which: 2.1. Ethnic Minority living in Project area. According to the survey data of Ethnic Minorities in Yen Bai province in 2016, Yen Bai province's population has 816,031 people, except for Kinh ethnicity with 363,054 people, the number of ethnic minorities is about 452,977 people (Tay ethnic group: 149,787 people; Mong people: 99,883 people; Dao ethnic groups 94,113 people; Thai people 58,581 people; Other ethnic groups: 50,613 people), of which : + Tay ethnic group live mainly in Luc Yen district (58,338 people) accounting for 38.9% of the Tay ethnic group in the province, Van Chan district (27,887 people), Van Yen district (19,950 people), Tran Yen district (18,787 people) + Mong ethnic group live mainly in Mu Cang Chai district (54,973 people), accounting for 55% of Mong people in other areas of the province); + The Dao ethnic group has 94,113 people, living mainly in Van Yen district (31,688 people), Luc Yen district (21,038 people) and Yen Binh district (17,932 people); + Thai ethnic group live mainly in Van Chan district (36,786 people, accounting for 62.7% of Thai people living in the remaining areas of the province). - Among other ethnic groups: + The Muong ethnic group lives mainly in Van Chan district (11,113 people; accounting for 67% of Muong people in the remaining areas of the province); + The Nung ethnic group has 18,741 people, living mainly in the districts: Luc Yen 14,571 people, Yen Binh district 3,326 people. + San Chay ethnic group (Cao Lan, San chi) has 9,255 people, mainly living in Yen Binh district with 7,557 people, the rest are scattered in districts in the province (except Nghia Lo town). + Giay ethnic group has 2,261 people, living mainly in Van Chan district has 1,906 people, the rest are scattered in other districts in the province (except Tram Tau district and Nghia Lo town). Districts with ethnic minorities living in Yen Bai province are as follows:

Other Ethnic Tay Mong Dao Thai groups NO Districts | Nam Numb Num Num Numbe Name Number Name Name Name e er ber ber r Van Chan Tay 27.887 Mong 12.163 Dao 15.793 Thai 36.786 Other 14.435 1

Tay Dao Thai 2 Luc Yen 58.338 Mong 39 21.038 89 Other 14.938

Tay Dao Thai 3 Van Yen 19.950 Mong 5.620 31.688 36 Other 2.080 Mu Can Tay 368 Mong 54.973 Dao 28 Thai 2.573 Other 88 4 Chai

Tay Dao Thai 5 Yen Binh 19.203 Mong 130 17.932 103 Other 11.220

Tay Dao Thai 6 Tran Yen 18.787 Mong 2.035 7.320 275 Other 4.583

Tay Dao Thai 7 Tram Tau 385 Mong 24.620 11 4.363 Other 371 Nghia Lo Tay 1.331 Mong Dao 0 Thai 14.134 Other 1.815 8 District Yen Bai Tay 3.538 Mong 303 Dao 303 Thai 222 Other 989 9 City Total 149.787 99.883 94.113 58.581 50.519

2.2. Economic, social and cultural characteristics of ethnic minorities in the project area According to statistics in 2017, the population size of Yen Bai province was 807,287 people (male with 403,300 people, accounting for 49.9% and female with 403,987 people, accounting for 50.10%), the proportion of urban population accounted for 20.4% of the population. The average population density is 117 people / km2, concentratedly distributed in low areas and urban areas (Nghia Lo town: 1009.9 people / km2, Yen Bai city 959.2 people / km2), the density The population is sparsest in highland districts (Tram Tau 43.55 people / km2, Mu Cang Chai 49.45 people / km2). The population of the province consists of over 30 ethnic groups living together, including: 07 ethnic groups with a population of over 10,000 people, 02 ethnic groups with 2,000 - under 10,000 people, 03 ethnic groups with 500 - 2,000 people, the rest Other ethnic groups have a population of less than 500 people. The Kinh ethnic group has the largest population accounting for 46.3%, the Tay ethnic group accounts for 18.3%, the Dao ethnic group 11.3%, the Mong ethnic group 11.1%, and the Thai ethnic group 7.2%. other people. In the period of 2011 - 2015, the annual natural population growth rate tends to decrease, the average annual rate is 1.2%. Average population growth rate (natural and mechanical) 1.08% / year on average due to a number of laborers Every year the average population growth rate (natural and

7 mechanical) 1.08% / year due to the number of laborers who move to work outside the province every year. In the wars up to now, ethnic minorities in Yen Bai province have made many contributions to fight against foreign invaders and to develop the economy and society today. The peculiarities of some ethnic minorities are as follows: a) Tay ethnic group: The Tay is the second most populous ethnic group in Yen Bai province, only behind the Kinh ethnic group, with about 149,787 people, accounting for 18.3% of the provincial population and is the most populous ethnic group. among ethnic minorities. Tay people live in 9/9 districts, towns and cities; specifically: In urban areas 7,574 people, rural 127,740 people, of which the largest is the district: Luc Yen (54,032 people); Van Chan (24,759 people); Van Yen (17,972 people); Yen Binh (17,906 people); Tran Yen (15,523 people). The Tay people have been living in Yen Bai for a long time and have their own languages belonging to the Tay-Thai language group (the South Asian languages line). Today, living in a modern society with strong cultural interference, most of the Tay people can use the Tay's own voice and language, and they can read and understand Vietnamese, especially Young and middle-aged people are fluent in both languages. The main economy of the Tay people in Yen Bai is an agricultural economy, the people cultivate wetland fields in combination with hunting and raising animals. With a long tradition and hard work, creativity in labor and acquiring new science and technology very quickly, the Tay's agriculture is relatively high. Along with the good intensive farming of 2 rice crops, bringing new varieties into production, increasing the winter corn crop, the Tay people strongly develop cattle and poultry raising; actively develop forestry and plant new industrial crops such as tea, cinnamon and cassava. Tay people's houses are mostly stilted houses, using locally available construction materials, covered with palm leaves or grasses. Flooring is made of apricot, wood or board, wooden doors made of cork or bamboo. Each house has from three to five compartments, two small rooms, there are richer people in the area, who also make a Sluon Giao kitchen, including 2 floating squares perpendicular to the inside room(the space for women to live), the size of kitchen doors is equal to 2/3 of the space in the main house. Tay ethnic group in Yen Bai have a vibrant, strong and romantic life style. On the occasion of the Lunar New Year, the Long Tong festival, the Tam Khau Mau, the wedding of friends, they sing Slípsí song along a day and 8 night. The Khap Coi Songs are sustained from generation to generation. The Tay's costume is mainly made of black indigo dyed cotton for men, women and children, with little or no decorative pattern. The Tay women wear a five-panel traditional dress with an indigo belt folded back and tied with a skirt for weddings, holidays and New Year. Usually, women wears a short shirt with a skirt or pants, a short neckline like a Ba Ba. Men wear round-neck four-panel traditional dress, fabric buttons or buttons, and loose pants, which worn by older people, and young people nowadays wear like Kinh people. Women often wear indigo-dyed scarves, diagonal square towels, with two small red strips tied to the front of the forehead, the back of the scarf is flip back. Men only wear ready-to-wear turban for the holidays, especially for the procession ceremony, or stay with wife’s family. Jewelry mainly uses silver material, such as children's necklaces, women's bracelets, Xa Tich … Traditional crafts such as growing cotton and weaving have been developed very early, raising silkworms to get silk weaving Slaicha knife strings has also been present in the Tay people's culture here for a long time. The weaving pattern on the brocade fabric is abundant and diverse, especially the knife consists of twenty-seven images, each of which is associated with a folktale with profound humanity educational. Do paper making, wicker weaving, carpentry, blacksmithing and stone chiselling develop quite well The unique artistic background of the Tay Yen Bai people has been preserved on the brocade since thousands of years ago, Such as Phun Man purdah, Mon Thu pillowcase ,Na Da, Slaicha knife, sorcerer’s costume ,Put ‘s costume. Especially the worship of the sorcerer from 7 to 12 sheets with images of people, demons and animals. Tay people's musical instruments include the flute, stamen, Tinh, Nao Bat, drums, trumpet, Qua Nhac, Chum Nhac, cymbals. In which, the two instruments are Tinh and the Chum Nhac is the two most important instruments used by the people quite popular in festivals, especially the "Ton phi then" festival (invite the Then god to come and enjoy Tet holiday in the early spring of the Tày people, according to the folk belief that without these two instruments, the gods would not be invited). The culinary activities of the Tay people are simple, made from rice, cassava, potatoes, bamboo shoots, vegetables, fish, forest vegetables, stream algae. Tet days are processed more sophisticatedly. The dish of Lam rice, stuffed bamboo shoot with meat, Kham Ki soup, sour bamboo, rheum (fuel from forest semolina pulp) is a specialty of the Tay Yen Bai people. 9

The dishes sticky rice, steaming, baked, lamrice ... are also quite popular dishes in the daily processing of the Tay. Today, the folklore tradition is always preserved, exploited and promoted in production and socio-economic development, along with other ethnic groups in the province, Tay contributed greatly to its construction. , to protect the Fatherland and develop the Yen Bai homeland more and more beautiful b) Mong ethnic group Mong people in Yen Bai province have about 99,883 people, accounting for 12.2% of the population in the province, belonging to the second most populous ethnic minority after the Tay people. The Mong ethnic group in Yen Bai consists mainly of 4 main groups: Mong Hoa (Mong Lenh); Mong Den (Mong Du) and Mong Trang (Mong Do) and Mong Si (Mong Do). Of which, the Mong Hoa and Mong Si people account for the most number. A part of Mong Hoa people who migrated from Bac Ha district, Lao Cai province to settle down in Van Yen district has many cultural characteristics of the people living in remote areas. The language of the Mong people belongs to the Mong - Dao language group (the South Asian language line). The Mong people in Yen Bai have their own language and writing in the Mong - Dao language group (the South Asian language line). Today, living in the present society, there is a strong cultural cross, so most of the Mong people in working age and young people can use the voice and language of the Mong people and they listen, read and understand Vietnamese, especially young people and village elders and village officials can use both Mong and Vietnamese languages. Potential strengths of the Mong people in Yen Bai are: forestry, cattle raising, specialty trees and short-term industrial crops. The people have exploited a number of strong seedlings such as specialty Shan snow tea trees, medlar trees, cardamom, raising buffaloes, cows, horses and bees. In particular, the people have built the following examples: Developing terraced fields in combination with forest protection in many communes of Mu Cang Chai district; reclaiming water fields in combination with the development of special tea plants of highland areas such as those in Suoi Giang and Suoi Bu communes (Van Chan district), Pung Luong, Nam Khat (Mu Cang Chai district) and Phinh Ho (Tram Tau district); farming fields combined with the development of specialty cinnamon trees in Na Huu and Mo Vang communes (Van Yen district) ... As a result, the life of Mong Yen Bai people has gradually stabilized and gradually developed. The Mong are very famous forging with high technology, the people themselves forge knives, hoes, cast their own plows and women's jewelry, cast 10 horse music, cow bells ... The people also make life utensils wooden household item such as: spoons, bowls, buckets, pots, etc., weaving such items as "Lu Co" (baskets), “Cang Chua” (carrying tools), and baskets for rice. . Due to the isolated residence characteristics, Mong people have little relationship with other ethnic groups. If they live in an area with another ethnic group, the Mong live together in a separate village. Mong people live in houses, the main materials are wood, the roofs are usually covered with chop Po mu wood and now there are some houses with cement roofs. The dominant morphology of the Mong family is the patriarchal type , small family with two generations live together is very popular. The Mong family is an economic unit with a strict division of labor by gender, age, and is a cultural unit, with a positive transmission environment. Mong society is organized and managed by a closed family, with its own laws, regulations and symbols, which are recognized by the community and must be strictly followed. The Mong social family is quite important for production and life, maintaining and transmitting customs and traditions. Mong people have many surnames, each of them has many lineages, each lineage has many different genera. Families of the same lineage often live in close quarters. There are several lineages of Mong people, but there is a large family. The Mong family has a very wide range of cohesion: they include all their relatives, regardless of their residence. Mong people in Yen Bai can accept siblings from other provinces as brothers. A person who shares the same family name as one another is considered a sibling and is not allowed to marry each other. In every family they have taboos and worshiping rituals. For example: Giang abstain from eating heart, Ly family abstain from eating spleen ... The Mong people in Yen Bai have extremely rich and unique folk beliefs. The beliefs of ancestor worship of the Mong people are especially important and different from some other ethnic minorities, the people do not have their own ancestral altars but whenever there is an ancestor worship ceremony or on important family occasions The communal house set up an ancestor worship altar in the middle of the house in front of the "godly" altar- “Xu Cang”, after the ancestor worship ceremony was removed. The Mong people have a rich treasure of folk art, in the spring, on the occasion of the Mong New Year (around the 30th of the lunar calendar) or in traditional weddings, the Mong people all sing folk songs and play Khen. Among folk tunes, the most special kind of storytelling of national history is called "Than Chu". The Mong sing "Gau Phenh" - boys and girls sing while playing Pa Pao, sing through a thread connected with two cork strips covered by frog skin for two people. At the wedding, there are also sing a Quiz songs and Giai song. Along

11 with singing, the Mong people also have a very unique Khen dance. In the "Gao Tao" festival, a Khen dance is an opening ceremony. In addition to Khen Be, the Mong also use the harp, the alpina, the scissors, and the flute ... Nowaday, most of the Mong people in the province have been granted land use right certificates (according to the project of measuring and granting certificates of forestry land in the province). For residential land and agricultural land, which is only granted in the form of self-declaration or independent measurement of each land plot, there is no cadastral map, so the granting data has not been accurate, cadastral records have not been completed. c) Dao ethnic groups: The Dao ethnic group in Yen Bai province has about 94,113 people, accounting for 11.5% of the population in the province, belonging to the 3rd most populous ethnic minority after the Tay and Mong. The Dao live in 9 districts, towns and cities in the province. In which, the highest concentration is in Van Yen district (31,668,214 people), Luc Yen (21,038 people), Yen Binh (17,932 people), Van Chan (15,793 people) and Tran Yen (7,320 people). The Dao people have many different names such as the Dong people, Xa people, Man people, Dao people ... but Dao is the official name. The Dao people call themselves "Kien Mien" ( people in the forest). The Dao groups in Yen Bai also have some differences in voice but they belong to the Hmong - Dao language group (the South Asian language line). Today, most Dao people of working age, young people and students are able to use the Dao and Vietnamese languages, and can read and write Vietnamese fluently. The Dao people currently living in Yen Bai province have 4 main groups: Red Dao (also known as Dao Sung, Dao Dai Ban), Dao Quan Chet (also called Dao Nga Hoang, Dao Son Dau), Dao Quan Trang and Dao Lan Tuyen (also known as Dao Tuyen) The Dao groups also have some differences in voice, but they belong to the Hmong - Dao language group (the South Asian language line ). Although the names, costumes and voices have some differences, all Dao groups share the same origin and worship the ancestor Ban Vuong. Up to now, the Dao community has still handed down the story of Ban Ho, which is clearly recorded in a number of Qua Son Bang. The main economic form of Dao people in Yen Bai is agricultural production with two types: upland rice and wet rice. In which, wet rice accounts for less percentage. In addition, the people also cultivate a number of crops such as corn, cassava ... Dao's vegetables have gourds, squash, bitter melon, legumes, potatoes, tubers, cantaloupe ... Especially, Dao Yen Bai people strongly develop 12

2 industrial crops: cinnamon and tea. Cinnamon is a traditional crop of the Dao people in Van Yen district. When giving birth to a daughter, her parents planted cinnamon to make a dowry. When they gave birth to a son, they also planted cinnamon to make a gift for their child. In addition to rice, vegetables and cinnamon, tea, Dao Yen Bai also earns additional income from raising buffaloes, cows, pigs and chickens. Traditional craftsmanship is making paper, weaving, blanket dyeing, printing and embroidering patterns on fabrics. Wicker basket made of bamboo, neohouzeaua, cork, rattan. Forging work of the Dao people also developed, mainly agricultural tools such as knives, hoes, grass rakes, plowshares. Jewelry making in silver, Sanh Cang and bronze made into necklaces, bracelets, earrings, rings, Xa Tich. People built houses near streams and concentrated in separate villages or alternating with other ethnic groups. Among the Dao Yen Bai people, all three types of houses are converged: stilt houses of white Dao people, palatinate-houses and palatinate- stilt houses of Dao Quan Chet and Dao Tuyen people. The culinary culture of the Dao is simpler than the other ethnic groups belonging to the Tay-Thai language group, the main food of the Dao is plain rice and upland rice, the staple daily food is vegetables from the forest. , bamboo shoots, wood ear mushrooms and other herbs. Ancestor worship is the main worship in the family. Ban Vuong is regarded as the ancestor of the family, so he also worshiped with their ancestors. In the social activities - the family of the Dao people in Yen Bai, "Cap Sac" is a common practice and compulsory for all. Dao men have to go through this ceremony, if they're still not do it when they are alive, their children will make it for them after death, This is a rite of maturity ceremony remnants. The Dao groups in Yen Bai have rich folk poetry, the people sing (Pa dung) praising the love of couples, nature, the animal world in many diverse forms of activities and also attached to religious, social, family songs. The Dao have many fairy tales that tell about all phenomena happening in society and nature. The stories are profoundly educational, brothers must live in harmony - love each another. Nowaday, most of the Dao people in the province have been granted land use right certificates (according to the project of measuring and granting certificates of forestry land in the province). For residential land and agricultural land, which is only granted in the form of self-declaration or independent measurement of each land plot, there is no cadastral map, so the granting data has not been accurate, cadastral records have not been be completed.

d) Thai ethnic group: Thai people in Yen Bai province have about 58,581 people, accounting for 7.1% of the population in the province, belonging to the 4th most populous ethnic minority after the Tay, Mong and Dao. Thai people live mostly in districts, towns and cities in the province. In particular, concentrated mainly in Van Chan district (36,786 people); Nghia Lo town (14,134 people); Tram Tau district (4,363 people); and Mu Cang Chai district (2,573 people). Thai belongs to the Tay-Thai language group and belongs to the South Asian language line. Thai letters appeared a long time ago. Today, Thai people in addition to using Thai language, they are also fluent in Vietnamese. In Yen Bai, Thai names are used officially and popularly. Thai people also call themselves "Tay", "Tay Khao" is Thai Trang, "Tay Dam" is Thai Den. The distinction between "Tay Khao" and "Tay Dam" is mainly based on women's clothing and traditional cultural characteristics. Thai belongs to the Tay - Thai language group and belongs to the South Asian language line. The Thai word appeared a long time ago - when Lo Lang Chuong proclaimed the lord of Muong, expanded the exploration of Muong Lo, established Thai society, established customary laws, etc., in Mo Muong, these incidents were recorded in bamboo, do paper, bark. Nowadays, there are very few people in Muong Lo who can write and read ancient Thai words. The Thai community lives concentrated into Muong village in the valley basin, not far from each other, adapting to the knack for cultivating wet rice, cotton, brocade weaving. Thanks in part to the Thai wet rice civilization tradition, Yen Bai has gained the famous fields of Muong Lo, Tu Le or Muong Than and Muong Tac in the past. Wet rice is the main food source, especially Thai people use a lot of sticky rice. The Thai people have a lot of experience in fading, creating ditches, and bringing water into the fields. Another part of income is from animal husbandry and aquaculture. Fish field is a unique element of the Tay - Thai culture. The traditional craft of the Thai people is to make cotton pallet, weave brocade fabric with unique motifs, vibrant colors and good quality. The traditional economy of the Thai Muong Lo people is a farming and husbandry economy. With good natural conditions all year round combine with traditional farming techniques (Thai Den people here are famous for farming techniques such as methods of " bringing water into the field " by the system. Muong-phai-lai-lin (opening ditches, building dams, leading water through obstacles, placing chutes), in which the water tank is a great invention of the people in taking advantage of the water power to bring water from low to high, by the method "Hoa - Canh -

Thuy - Nau" ( burning rice straw to plow the agricultural production. ”Along with farming, animal husbandry is also strongly developed here, such as buffaloes, cows, goats, horses, etc. Besides cattle, poultry and waterfowl are a real source of food, which raised to improve daily meals, especially during holidays, Tets and festivals. The Thai Muong Lo people develop many traditional handicrafts, first to serve the needs of the family, and then to exchange goods with other ethnic groups. Up to now, in Muong Lo area, brocade weaving, embroidery and sewing of brocade clothes, blankets, cotton pillows and other household appliances have developed strongly. Traditional beliefs of Thai Muong Lo people are very rich and diverse. In addition to ancestor worship (also called Ma Nha Phi Huon), Thai people also worship other gods such as worshiping Muong village, field, and worshiping the Then God if the lineages have someone who are the Then God. Folk festivals are an essential part of the cultural and religious activities of the Thai people in Muong Lo area. On a one-year cycle, the people have many big festivals of village-like nature; Xen Ban festival , Xen Muong, Xen Dong, the festival to pray for rain, the festival to go to the field, Xen Lau No festival , Xe Then festival ... to festivals within the family like Tam Khuong Quai dedicate , "Tam Te Na" field dedicate, buffalo dedicate "Tam Khuon Quai” or other rituals related to ancestor worship and family rituals in which the "Sip Xi" ,full moon in July is One of the biggest Thai festival in Yen Bai. Thai Yen Bai people have rich folk art treasures. Folk songs, folk dances, and folklore activities are held regularly in the daily life of the people. "Khap" and "Then" are performed in spring festivals, singing to lovers, weddings and funerals. Thai Muong Lo people have a quiet but romantic way of life, love community activities, are willing to participate in the fun, especially the nights "Khap Bao Xao” (singing in response), spreading, Nang Han festival, the Tham Le cave play in January, many games such as "Han Khuong", Nem Con, Danh Yen, "Tomakle”" (Chọi qua Le) ... Thai people have traditional musical instruments that are still handed down as Khen Be and 7 kinds of Pí (flute) very unique like "Pi Tot" which is a one-hole flute, "Pi Pap" is the flute of love used to call each other confided, "Pi Ra" using straws to blow etc ... Thai literature is quite rich, lively and interesting. In addition to the famous love songs such as "Song Tru Xon Xao" (to see off the lover), Tan Chu Siet Suong ... historical and epic books in Thai characters such as: Quam To Muong (story of Muong) ,Cam Hanh Tap sac klong (Cam Hanh against the

15 yellow flag) ... speaks of the historical relics and cultural traditions of the Thai people in Nghia Lo - Van Chan area. Bathing in streams is the oldest practice of Thai people, especially for women and girls. Suoi Nung, the hot spring in Son A, Tu Le is the place where cultural activities have these particular features. The culinary activities of the Thai people are also quite picky in the way of preparing, arranging, using spices and additives, which spices follow that dish, a Thai dish is usually processed quite fairly elaborate with processing techniques, how not to lose the typical flavor of the dish. There are many types of Thai cooking such as grilling, Lam rice, sticky rice, composting, steaming, boiling, dry, stir-frying, frying and eating raw, in which sticky and grill, Lam rice and dry are used more by the people. . Fish is a fairly common food in daily life of people in which grilled fish "Pa Pinh Top" is a famous specialty of Thai Nghia Lo people. Nowaday, most of the Thái people in the province have been granted certificates (according to the project of measuring and granting certificates of forestry land in the province). For residential land and agricultural land, which is only granted in the form of self-declaration or independent measurement of each land plot, there is no cadastral map, so the granting data has not been accurate, cadastral records have not been be completed. e) Nung ethnic group: Nung ethnic group in Yen Bai province has about 18,741 people, accounting for 2.2% of the population in the province, belonging to the 5th most populous ethnic group after the Tay, Mong, Dao, Thai ethnic groups. The Nung live mainly in Luc Yen district (14,571 people); Yen Binh 3,326 people. The Nung ethnic group in Yen Bai mainly belongs to two group , Nung An and Nung Phu groups (the name indicates the local group of the Nung people). The Nung Yen Bai people have their own language, belong to the Tay - Thai language group (the South Asian language line) and have very early scripts - Nom Nung language. Nung ethnic group have the surname: Nong, Mong, Hoang. The Nung people in Yen Bai have their own language and writing in the Mong - Dao language group (the South Asian language line). Today, living in the present society, there is a strong cultural cross, so most of the Mong people in working age and young people can use the voice and language of the Mong people and they listen, read and understand Vietnamese, especially young people and village elders and village officials can use both Mong and Vietnamese languages.

The Nung Yen Bai people have their own language, belong to the Tay - Thai language group (the South Asian language line) and have very early scripts - Nom Nung language. However, today with a wide cross-cultural among the ethnic groups in the province, the Nung people, besides using their language, they also use the Vietnamese fluently. Because the Nung resides in a place with many forests, mountains and the valley basin in the middle , the Nung people are very proficient in exploiting hill land and upland cultivation; they cultivate wet rice in Plain land. The main source of living of Nung Yen Bai people relies on rice: wet rice and upland rice cultivation. People use pulling tools such as plowing, harrowing, ... systems to irrigate water, ditches to irrigate fields ... combined with new science and technology, intensive farming to increase crops, using new varieties, chemical fertilizer, pesticides, improving mixed gardens, planting industrial crops, fruit trees of high economic value, so the economic efficiency on arable land has been greatly improved. In addition to the food that comes from rice, the Nung people also get many agricultural products such as corn, cassava and other crops. The main source of income of the Nung family is livestock production. People develop animal husbandry both on land and in water. Cattle such as buffaloes, cows, pigs and poultry such as chickens, ducks and swans are common livestock. Water surface area used for raising fish, ducks, goose and geese. Traditional Nung handicrafts are still maintained such as carpentry: making beds, wardrobes, tables, chairs, forging, production tools such as knives, hoes, plowshares, etc., knitting; utensils made of bamboo and cork . Nung Yen Bai people actively participate in the movement of planting and protecting forests. In addition to planting timber trees, the people also actively respond to planting industrial crops such as cinnamon and cassava; High value fruit trees such as oranges, persimmons, tangerines, ... Nung Yen Bai people live on stilt houses: 3 rooms, 5 rooms and 7 rooms. Currently there are make some ground houses. In the Nung family, the altar is the most sanctuary that every family must have. Altar worshiping Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara or Hac Ho Huyen Dan (people called Ham worship); Ancestral worship and Hoa Vuong Thanh Mau (Ba Mu). In the family, a worshiper is worshiped by the ancestor of the worshiper, an incense bowl is placed higher than an ancestor's incense bowl. The family has a physician to make incense bowls of the physician

Any Nung family worship Buddha in the house, some worship Bodhisattva, some worship Ham. Nung people believe that there are two gods who can help the family eliminate ghosts . Worship of the Nung ancestors lasting to the 9-generation, but only to the 3rd generation: starting from the father grandfather. The 4th generation was great-grandfather, the ancestors turned into gods to keep the cattle, and the people often worshiped outdoors during the Lunar New Year. The worshiping practices on illustrating the beliefs of the Nung people are full of original polytheistic beliefs mixed with Taoist, Buddhist and Confucianism elements. Brocade embroidery, ceramic engraving and stone carving are still maintained. The profession of making incense, weaving and dyeing fabrics is favored by women. The culinary activities of the Nung are simple but skillful. Foods made from common agricultural products such as rice, corn, cassava, cultivated vegetables, forest vegetables, meat and fish can be raised. The wine is made from homemade Jar, cassava ingredients, rice, wine yeast made from natural herbs and glutinous rice flour. The food on Tet holiday is made sophisticatedly processed such as grilled fish, red sticky rice, purple sticky rice ... Living in harmony among the ethnic communities in Yen Bai, the Nung live honestly, are rich in creative labor, preserving their cultural traditions. Nowaday, most of the Nung people in the province have been granted land use right certificates (according to the project of measuring and granting certificates of forestry land in the province). For residential land and agricultural land, which is only granted in the form of self-declaration or independent measurement of each land plot, there is no cadastral map, so the granting data has not been accurate, cadastral records have not been be completed. f) Muong ethnic group: The Muong ethnic group has a population of about 16,541 people, accounting for 2.0% of the provincial population and is the fifth most populous ethnic group among ethnic minorities, after the Tay, Mong, Dao, Thai, Nung. The Muong people live mainly in Van Chan district (11,113 people) and Tran Yen (3,015 people). The Muong language belongs to the Vietnamese-Muong language group (the South Asian language line). In the family, cultural exchange, Muong in Yen Bai are influenced by the Vietnamese. Up to now, there has not been any Muong script discovered in Yen Bai, although according to the folk epic, "Laying land and laying water", Muong people have their ancient writing.

The Muong Yen Bai people reside mainly on the valleys along the streams, The main economic form of Muong people is agriculture, most of which is made up of wet rice. Wet rice is the main food crop. In addition, they also make upland fields and plant other crops such as corn, potatoes, cassava. Muong people have a lot of experience in small irrigation. In order to bring water into the fields, people often build ditches, Phai and Con Nuoc. Previously, crops were mainly grown in upland fields but now the people have taken advantage of the time between 2 spring crops of land to plant more crops. Along with diligence, creativity in labor and the application of science and technology, bringing new varieties into the field, in many places the people have changed from 2 crops to 3 crops of rice and vegetables / year. In recent years, following the State's policy of forest and land allocation, the Muong people have actively developed forest jobs, planted industrial crops such as tea, cinnamon, coffee, and raising cattle and poultry such as: pigs, chickens, buffaloes, cows ... contribute to increasing income, improving the lives of people. Muong people in Nghia Lo town also have additional income from traditional brocade weaving. Muong people in Yen Bai have a tradition of patriotism, solidarity and attachment to the community of ethnic groups in Vietnam, especially those living close by such as Kinh, Tay, Thai ... Today relations between Muong and other ethnic groups are not only attached by traditional relations but also have other relationships such as connexion and twinning. Muong ethnic people have a quite rich and unique culture. People often live on stilts, mature in appearance, usually from three to five rooms, with pine or grass roofing. If the Thai stilt house has Khau Cut as a symbol, the characteristic of Muong stilt house is that there are 2 stairs, the main staircase opposite the entrance, there are rhombus railing, the railing meant to keep safe for people and also mean a decorative art. And the auxiliary staircase at the back of the house is mainly for women to travel. The worship of the people is quite simple, arranged in the order of ancestor worship, Muong village, merit worship, and god worship. Ancestor worship place is usually placed on a high floor near the roof of the second compartment, where only the male or female host can sit or lie down. Worshiping the ground is located at the top of the upstairs, while the gods set up a small temple in the garden on the left of the stilt house, the worshiping items are usually rice, wine, meat, cake, fruits. Muong Yen Bai people consider the above poems to be the pride of their nation and widely spread them among the people. The artists of Muong Ao Luong (Son A commune - Van Chan) now memorize and sing the chapters in 19

"Giving land, laying water" or "Van Va". In addition to the common folk art treasure of the whole nation, the Muong people in Van Chan also have the legend of Ao Luong, Nang Han stories, and stories about the Muong such as: Muong Cuc, Muong Dong, Muong Sang, Muong At . People also have many traditional dances such as Hat Dang, Hat Vi... Nowaday, most of the Nung people in the province have been granted land use right certificates (according to the project of measuring and granting certificates of forestry land in the province). For residential land and agricultural land, which is only granted in the form of self-declaration or independent measurement of each land plot, there is no cadastral map, so the granting data has not been accurate, cadastral records have not been be completed. 2.2. Regarding the implementation of land policies for ethnic minority areas in Yen Bai province. Over the past years, the Provincial Party Committee, People's Council and People's Committee of Yen Bai province have directed departments, agencies, and People's Committees at all levels to pay attention to thoroughly grasp the Party's guidelines and policies of the Party. The State and organization implement well the guidelines and policies related to ethnic minorities. The Party's guidelines, the State's policies to ensure the rights of ethnic minorities, especially in matters related to land. Allocating land, issuing land use right certificates of agricultural land and residential land use right to households and individuals in accordance with the approved land use planning and plan. In terms of land acquisition and compensation, there are no hot spots in the province and especially in the extremely difficult highland areas and areas of ethnic minorities; in settling lawsuits and land disputes that have been done in a definitive and competent manner. Most of ethnic minorities have not conceived, known or fully understood the rights and obligations of land users in the granting of land use right certificates. The transfer and sale of land in ethnic minority areas are very few, almost without transactions. The certificate of land use rights for ethnic minorities has just stopped in terms of management, which is not significant as an asset. 2.3. Project Impact assessment Positive impact The project is expected to mainly bring positive impacts to the communities in the project area, including the interests of ethnic minorities, as follows:

- Reducing administrative time and increasing efficiency for land users: The implementation of administrative procedures through the internet will increase the transparency of information in the declaration and implementation of human procedures. It saves time and efficiency in reaching out to government agencies and employees. Based on administrative reforms, travel and paper costs, along with issues of bureaucracy and distractions, will be minimized. - Improvement of the business environment: With the transparency of land information and the convenient retrieval of information, investors can obtain the information they need to serve their business (e.g. using status and information of the plot, the requirements and the procedures of the contract without visiting the plot). - Improved administrative procedures for public services and land users: Based on the sharing of land information between related public services, such as notary offices, law enforcement agencies, laws and tax authorities. This represents a significant improvement in the accelerated coordination of public settlements for land users. In particular, the link between the notary offices will avoid the overlap in the notary service as the notary can check whether the parcel is notarized in another location before they carry out notary services. This will also result in a reduction in the cost of the verification process and verification of the records as it is available on the MPLIS system. Households and individuals who can benefit from the linkage between the Notary Public offices can reduce the risks and costs involved. They can check whether their plots are in the project area, or plan for new development or in a dispute. This will minimize the risk of land transactions. Negative impact The project will focus on improving the legal framework, building and operating MPLIS on the basis of existing land data for better land management and socio-economic development. The project does not propose to build any civil works, so there will be no land acquisition leading to physical and economic displacement or restriction of land use. There will be no impact on the exploitation of natural resources and vice versa, so the negative impact on the implementation of the project is almost none. However, land dispute among some land users may occur when the information related to land users is clear, specific and transparent. This issue will be considered and discussed during consultation with EM community in stage of project implementation. 2.4. Policy framework and legal basis 2.4.1. Current legal regulations of Vietnam for ethnic minority groups

The Party and the State of Vietnam have always considered the issue of ethnicity as an important strategic issue in development plan of the country. All ethnic minorities in Viet Nam have full citizenship rights and are protected by fair and equitable statutes in accordance with the Constitution and the Law. The basic policy is "Equality, solidarity, mutual assistance for mutual development", in which the priority issue is "ensuring the sustainable development of ethnic minority and mountainous areas". The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 2013 recognizes the right to equality among ethnic groups in Viet Nam (Article 5) as follows: “1. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a unified nation of all ethnic groups living in Vietnam. 2. Ethnic minorities, unity, mutual respect and mutual development; All acts of stigma and discrimination are strictly forbidden. 3. The national language is Vietnamese. Ethnic groups have the right to use their own language and scripts, to preserve their national identity and to promote their fine customs, customs, traditions and culture. 4. The State shall implement the policy of integrated development and create conditions for ethnic minority people to develop their internal strength and develop together with the country. " The Constitution, amended in 1946, 1959, 1980, 1992, and by 2013, states that "all peoples are equal, united, respected and helped one another to grow together; all acts of discrimination, ethnic discrimination; Ethnic Minorities has the right to use their own language and script, maintain their identity, culture customs, and traditions. The State shall implement the policy of comprehensive development and create favorable conditions for ethnic minority people to promote their internal strength to catch up with the national development. " Land issues are of a political nature and can have an impact on the socio- economic development of many countries, especially in developing countries. Land policy has a great impact on the sustainable development and opportunities for socio-economic development for all people in both rural and urban areas, especially the poor. Article 53 of the Constitution and Article 4 of the Land Law 2013 clearly state the ownership of land as follows: "Land is owned by the entire people and is managed by the State. The State grants land use rights to land users according to the provisions of this Law. "Under this regulation, land is owned by the entire people, the state acts as the owner's representative for management and the State grants land use rights to land users under the form of land allocation, land lease and recognition of land use rights in accordance with the provisions of Land Law.

Article 27 of the Land Law 2013 stipulates that the State is responsible for development of policies on residential land and land for public activities for ethnic minorities in accordance with customs, traditions, cultural dignity and the practical situation of each region; development of policies to facilitate for ethnic minorities who are directly involved in agricultural production in the countryside to have land for agricultural production. Article 28 of the Land Law of 2013 stipulates that the State shall be responsible for establishing and managing the land information system and ensuring the right of organizations and individuals to access to the land information system; To promptly announce and publicize information to organizations and individuals; Competent State agencies and people in the field of land management and land use are responsible for facilitating and providing land information for organizations and individuals in accordance with provisions of laws. Article 43, Land Law 2013 on "Collecting comments on land planning and land use planning" stipulates that state agencies shall formulate land planning and land use planning as provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 42 This law will be responsible for collecting comments from people on land planning and land use planning. "Citizens' consultation will take place through public disclosure of the content of land use planning and planning, through conferences and direct consultations. Article 110 of the Land Law 2013 stipulates the exemption and reduction of land use fees and land rental in cases: using land for implementation of policies on houses and residential land for the people with meritorious services to the revolution, for poor households, for households and individuals of ethnic minorities living in areas with especially difficult socio-economic conditions, in bordering areas or islands; Using agricultural land of households and individuals of ethnic minorities. Under the provisions of the Land Law, a population community consists of a Vietnamese community living in the same village, hamlet, residential quarter, and similar residential area with traditional, customary or common family lineage. The allocation or lease of land must give priority to households and individuals who are ethnic minorities without land or lack of productive land in the locality (Article 133). The State requires the application of socio-economic policies for each region and each ethnic group, taking into account the specific needs of ethnic minority groups. Socio-economic development plan and strategy for Vietnam's socio-economic development focus on ethnic minorities. Some of the major national programs, such as Program 135 (infrastructure for poor, remote, and 23 remote areas) and Program 134 (removal of temporary housing) for ethnic minority have been implementing. 2.4.2. WB’s operational policy on indigenous peoples The WB’s Policy 4.10 (revised in 2013) requires the Borrower to conduct a process of free, prior and informed consultation (FPIC) with the EM communities of the potential adverse and positive effects of the project leading to broad community support for the project. FPIC will be conducted at the beginning and throughout the project cycle. The purpose of this consultation is to avoid or minimize the negative impacts of the project on ethnic minority people, to ensure that project activities are consistent with local culture and customs, and to encourage local community participation in decision-making in line with the World Bank policies. WB’s safeguard policies defined that the indigenous people is group (a) self-identified as members of separate indigenous cultural group that are recognized by other groups; (b) together occupied separate habitat on geographically; or ancestral territory in the project area and shared natural resources in this environment or territory; (c) cultural regulations under a separate habits and custom in comparison with mainstream culture and society; (d) indigenous language often different with official language of the country or the region. Within the VILG project area, ethnic minority groups in the project areas are likely to receive long-term benefits from being communicated in order to be aware of the laws and have access to land information and land services. Ethnic minority development planning (EMDP) is an action plan to maximize potential positive impacts and mitigate potential negative impacts that may occur during implementation of the project activities. To ensure the reduction of poverty and sustainable development, at the same time, fully respect human dignity, human rights, economic values and cultural identity of ethnic minorities. III. RESULT OF COMMUNITY CONSULTATION 3.1. Main findings from social consultation

The Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Yen Bai province has cooperated with mountainous districts in the project area to organize consultation with ethnic minority people in 04 communes / 03 districts (Tan Linh commune, To Mau commune, Luc Yen district; commune Suoi Giang, An Luong commune, Van Chan district and La Pan Tan commune, Mu Cang Chai district).

Detailed information on the subjects consulted is in Annex 1

PPMU has conducted consultations with the following subjects: (1) Carrying out management tasks such as officials of Departments, branches, natural resources and environment departments, Chairmen of People's Committees of communes, Commune cadastral public servants, ... ( 2) Enterprises, organizations using land; and (3) Ethnic minority community. The results of summarizing the content from the specific consultation cards are as follows:

Managing staff Organization EM people Contents of No. consultation good average weak good average weak good average weak

Status of land information supply 1 by land registration    agencies to land users in localities IT applying and 2    using skills Dealing with land administrative by 3    land registration agencies Dealing with land 4 complaints and    disputes Knowledge disseminating and 5 awareness raising for    communities about land information After PPMU’s introduction of the ‘Vietnam Improved Land Governance and Database’ project, its specific targets and benefits, most of the consulting people, especially EM ones, expressed the agreement and supports for the project. They proposed to have early project implementation so that necessary land information can be provided to them more conveniently. To avoid the project’s undesired impacts on the EM groups, most of consulting people accepted with the following proposed solutions: - Strengthening the land information supply to land users in multiple forms (as well as for public services) to limit the complaints and disputes in land by citizens and businesses. - Disseminating the information about the importance of land information for awareness raising for the EM groups and for the poor in multiple forms which are culturally and customarily appropriated. - Training computer skills for hamlet’s/village’s staffs and citizens. 25

3.2. Consultation framework and method of community consultation PPMU shall establish a consultation frame including issues on gender and intergeneration to provide the consulting opportunities and participation of EM communities, EM’s organizations, and other civil organizations in project activities during the project implementation. The consultation framework shall clarify (i) targets of consultation, (ii) contents of consultation; (iii) consultation methods; and (iv) information feedback. Based on the consultation framework, a consultation plan shall be developed and implemented as following: (i) Targets of consultation and fundamental information required from them; (ii) determining issues needed for consultation; (iii) selecting the consultation methods which are relevant for targets of consultation and culture of EM groups; (iv) selecting the locations and times for consultation appropriate with culture and custom of EM groups; (v) budgets for implementation; (vi) implementing consultation; and (vi) use of consultation results and responses. Some common and effective consultation methods are (i) community meeting or group discussion (ii) interviews with the key information providers or in-depth interviews; (iii) use of structured questionnaires; (iv) Mobile exhibition and demonstration. The selected methods and languages shall be accordant with the cultures and practices of EM communities. Also, adequate time shall be allocated for gaining broad support from people involved. Relevant, adequate, and available project’s information (including negative and potential impacts) need to be provided to EM people in the ways that are most culturally appropriated during the project implementation. IV. ACTION PLAN OF EMDP Based on results of consultation and assessment, an action plan including following activities is proposed to ensure that the EM people receive the maximal socio-economic benefits of the project in culturally appropriated manner, including training to enhance the capacity of the project implementing agencies. Activity 1: Establish a district-level community consultation group. To build a way for disseminating information and receiving feedbacks from land users (especially the EM communities), a district-level community consultation group (DCCG) shall be established. Representatives from EM board of project district, land management and registration offices, PPMU, communal leader board and cadastral officials, communal fatherland front and women’s union. People’s Committee of Yen Bai shall issue a decision to establish the group and its mechanisms of operation. The group’s tasks are to disseminate project’s information and implement meaningful consultations with EM communities focusing on project’s activities with aims to obtain EM’s consent and board

26 support and to promptly provide EM’s feedback to PPMU implementing units and EM communities as below: - The needs for land information by local EM communities; - The EM’s cultures and practices to be considered during the project implementation; - Customs in EM’s land uses to be considered during land-related processes and land information delivery; - Constraints in disseminating information to, consulting with and getting participation of EM communities during the project implementation and the use of project’s results; - Solutions for the mentioned constraints to guarantee maintaining the EM’s broad supports for the project and the effective and sustainable use of project’s results; Acceptances of complaints and coordination between the relevant agencies in solving complaints and responding back to complainants in a satisfactory and timely manner. Project’s PPMU and relevant units shall maintain regular consultations with DCCG during the project implementation. Culturally appropriated and useable consultation methods are community meeting, target-based group discussion (i.e. women or vulnerable groups), deep interviews with major information providers (i.e. village patriarchs, heads of hamlet(s) / villages, cadastral officials, representative(s) from relevant services delivery agencies), and model exhibition. The methods shall be included with gender, intergenerational, and voluntary issues without any interferences. Consultation shall be two-way, where announcement and discussion are done together with dialogue and response. Consultations are made with goodwill, freedom, without any obligations (no people with influences shall be involved in the meeting), and with full information to people involved in the consultation for gaining consent and broad support from EM communities. Methods of access shall be guaranteed to deal with gender issues, relevant to the needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups, respectful to the comments from vulnerable groups, and included with other stakeholders. If land users are EM they shall be provided with highest possible amount of information, which is culturally appropriated during the project implementation, monitoring and evaluation with aims for involvement and integration. Information are included with but not limited to the project’s concepts, design, proposal, protection, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.

All information on the project activities to be consulted with EM community shall be provided to EM people in two ways. Firstly, information shall be shared in the monthly meeting between the heads of hamlets/villages and leaders of communal people’s committees or consultation group for later transferring to hamlets’ citizens in village meetings in a culturally appropriated way and relevant EM languages. Secondly, announcements in Vietnamese and EM language(s) (if required) will be made public at the communal people’s committees in at least a week before the consultation event. Early announcement is to guarantee to provide sufficient time for citizens to understand, evaluate and analyze information related to the proposed activities before consultation. Moreover, the project activities shall have active participation and instruction (either official or unofficial) of local personnels such has heads of hamlets, members in the hamlets’ teams of mediation, etc. Communal board of supervision shall closely monitor the involvement of local organizations and personnels in various VILG’s activities. Inputs for monitoring and evaluation may be the EM’s ability to access to land information system established in the project, benefits from the receivable information, etc. By allowing different stakeholders (in EM groups) involved in making project’s plan, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, it will be able to guarantee the EM people to receive socio- economic benefits from the project in culturally appropriated ways. With the participation of EM community, it will strengthen the transparence and efficiency of the land information established in VILG, and the project’s objectives for EM groups will be achieved. Building capacity for stakeholders, especially the consultation group, shall help avoiding the existing constraints in local community consultation such as one-way consultation, insufficient information, hasty and obligated manners. Activity 2: Communication campaign using modern communication tools - Communication strategies An appropriated communication strategy shall be established and implemented to promote the citizens’, especially EM’s and vulnerable groups’, needs for land information. At the same time, it expresses the stronger commitment of local authorities in solving the constraints in complete land information services delivery. VILG’s communication strategies (CS) and project operation manual (POM) shall consider the contents and requirements made by citizens in the local community consultations, and not miss the vulnerable groups and their benefits. CS shall establish a two-way environment for dialogue, which means it is a channel for project’s information transferred to community, and also a channel for listening, responses and feedbacks to the communities’ concerns. Given that, a comprehensive communication strategy to support the project shall 28 be designed and implemented. A draft of communication strategy shall deal with following issues: - The service delivery parties ✓ Ways to achieve and strengthen the commitment of both central and local authorities and personnels in reforming existing land information system. This is a social mobilization process to gain land users’ belief. As a result, the land administration agencies shall establish a favorable environment with supports from VILG; the regular involvement of land users shall be guaranteed by consulting for their concerns about the benefits of land use as well as access to land information; reliable delivery of land information in localities. Moreover, local personnels shall strengthen their communicating skills; understanding, facilitating, and making forums for communities to response during the VILG project implementation. ✓ Ways to build the bases for the community participation in discussions and dialogues with land officials on different topics including their concerns and the need for an understanding of their land use rights as well as land information to be acquired from the project’s information system; ✓ Ways to build communication bases at various levels (reporting sessions for citizens, hamlet meetings, etc.) to be able to receive feedbacks on the activities of services delivery parties and their ability in solving the increasing demands on the land information services, which is also a VILG’s result. Procedures for the feedback mechanism shall be clear and transparent with special focus on the vulnerable group. E.g. Issues associated to information receiving channel and stakeholders shall be responsible for handling the feedbacks within an anticipated amount of time. Prompt guidance and satisfaction of land users’ concerns and suggestions shall be achieved by communication strategies and monitoring processes. - The users ✓ How to strengthen the needs and maintain the use of land information services, especially in the vulnerable group. ✓ How to make changes in communicating behaviors, especially in different EM groups in the project area. Communication strategies and documents shall be designed in the way that accounted for differences in behavior cultures among various EM groups and made appropriate changes to fit with these behaviors. ✓ How to adjust the activities in local disseminating sessions in land information in the communication campaigns to solve specific needs of various EM groups in terms of languages and cultures. Strategy shall be considered with

29 differences in information sharing among various EM group, and taking advantage of reliable communication structures and mechanisms, and both EM’s official and unofficial organizations to disseminate the project information, and allowing supports and consultation with EM’s people in land use using relevant languages and in culturally appropriated ways. Local personnels are encouraged to proactively support the inaccessible group. ✓ Mechanisms for clearing constraints, barriers, and difficulties raised from EM’s practices and religions, and for responding to stakeholders’ queries. - Community accessing communication Relevant communication documents for disseminating: Making and disseminating a complete set of printed and audiovisual documents (i.e. files, flyers, posters, documentary, training programs, TV’s advertisements, radio, etc. attached with relevant logos, messages, and mottos) for the targeted groups in communication campaigns. It is necessary to guarantee transferring main messages and knowledge to VILG’s stakeholders including the vulnerable groups. This shall contribute to awareness raising for land users, changing their attitudes and behaviors in seeking for land information in long-term and making changes and maintaining encouraged behavior. Documents design shall be appropriated (both in social and cultural aspects are acceptable) for targeted groups using standards for making communication documents (clear, concise, well-organized, and completed, etc.). Documents shall be carefully developed for effective sharing with intellectual, working, and EM families where Vietnamese is their second language. Hence, a non-technical language and illustrations shall be used. These documents shall be tested in selected communities in the project areas for completeness and effectiveness assessment. Finally, it is crucial to direct and train stakeholders in the effective uses of communication documents as already determined in the communication strategies. Communication campaign: Public communication campaigns can be appropriated for one-dimensional information sharing. The campaigns shall be focused on the information in specific areas, where local television and radio can be used for broadcasting. Communal broadcasting can be an effective way for disseminating to a large group of people with relatively low cost. However, communal broadcasting may not be saved at all time and not be used in areas where people are sparsely inhabited. Pieces of music, skits or easy-to-remember mottos, if appropriately used can help to solve the mentioned issues with some level of effectiveness. Public information (including maps, planning, and procedures in an accessible way) delivery at both district and communal levels is useful. Before MPLIS implementation, the communication campaigns shall be implemented focusing on the fundamental benefits and knowledge of access and 30 use of MPLIS’s land information and relevant fees (if any). These campaigns shall be implemented by meeting, public media or dissemination of printed or audiovisual IEC documents depending on the local social contexts. Participation of local information focal persons: Local authorities are encouraged to participate and promote the village’s personnels, especially community organizations and trade union. Focal points of contact shall be village/hamlet heads since many studies demonstrated their importance and effectiveness in communication. These organizations and individuals are mainly local EM inhabitants thus, they shall be very active in disseminating policies and programs to relevant local residents. Each locality shall decide the most relevant and effective information focal points in the local contexts. Consulting: Evaluations shown that there are people with no knowledge of land laws and how to apply them in practice (legal explanation). Given that, consultants with EM communities is required along with MPLIS. Regular local meetings: regular communal (and ward) meetings including question and answer sessions might be one of the most effective ways to support the local communities in project participation by receiving and responding to their concerns. In urban area, it shall provide the citizens participating with local land administration officials in close manner. Information for the poor, however, shall be provided by direct visit to their houses or in meetings with the poor since the poor usually misses common meetings. Modern tools: PPMU shall prepare the communication contents and make use of easy-to-understand tools such as DVD with Vietnamese language, and in some VILG’s components, project’s contents might be translated into EM languages (if required). These will be prepared for use during the operation process in localities based on the DCCG. Access to and use of MPLIS and LROs’ services are some contents introduced in this communication tool. This communication tool will be archived in the communal cultural centers or PC for introducing about VILG and land information management and access. Modern equipment: PPMU shall consider to equip computers at the communal or hamlet’s offices to allow EM people to access to information (with training and instruction). PPMU shall strengthen land information access and sharing to EM people. Activity 3: Training for village / hamlet heads, village patriarchs, and prestigious people in the community In order to equip knowledge and presentation skills for dissemination, creative use of knowledge, management skills, skills in solving problem for EM communities during implementation of assignments of village / hamlet’s heads,

31 etc., mobilization of EM households’ participation and support for implementing the project’ objectives,. PPMU shall coordinate with CPMU in organizing training courses for village / hamlet’s heads, village patriarchs, and prestigious people of communities, etc. so that they can provide supports during the project implementation. Training courses shall be organized as soon as possible and through the process of project implementation. Activity 4: Organize meetings in villages, hamlets, etc. and communes. In hamlets and villages where there are large populations of EM groups, PPMU and DCCG shall organize communal and hamlet’s meetings with EM people for responding to their questions and concerns (with translations into EM’s languages (if any)). These activities shall be started before the project implementation and maintained during the project’s cycle. Channels and ways to access to land information and documents, preference policies, and information feedback mechanism are also introduced in these meetings with EM groups. PPMU shall coordinate with public media (local radio, television, or news) in disseminating mentioned information in the local public media. Documents used for citizen meetings and communal consultation are provided by PPMU based on CPMU’s templates, legal documents or disseminating communications. Documents and information are made in a simple way with clear mottos and illustrations. If funds can be allocated, some key contents will be translated into EM’s languages (if any) for sharing in the local EM communities. Activity 5: Training for land administration officials Training and strengthening the roles, responsibilities, and skills of personnels in state land management in localities (LROs) and to guarantee for solving land administrative procedures to meet the needs of EM’s people. Organizing orientation workshops for land officials in accessing and working with ethnic minorities. Particular attentions are paid to: (1) the special needs of EM communities, and (2) importance of the roles and responsibilities of involved personnels in the Communist Party’s strategies, guidelines, and lines, and the State’s policies and laws related to the socio-economic development in the EM’s areas. Strengthening services quality of personnels involved in services delivery in land information and administrative procedures; (3) communicating skills in working with EM people. Activity 6: Establishing supporting services for accessing to land information and land registration for ethnic minorities communities

LRO’s branches shall provide supporting services for accessing to land information and land registration for EM groups in the rural and mountainous areas by appointing personnels to regularly work with them in the communal PC. At the same time, training the communal personnels in query, acceptance, and use of land information system in internet for providing land information to EM groups as well as for conforming land transaction contracts. Branches of LROs shall consult with communal leaders, villages’/ hamlets’ heads and communal community participatory group (CCPG) for making regular plans and working schedules to fit with the conditions of EM groups. Villages’/hamlets’ authorities shall make these plans and working schedules public to citizens for convenient use in their own needs. Project shall promote the activities of local organizations such as Youth Union, Women Union, and other civil social organizations. These organizations may strengthen the efforts in information transparence in the EM communities by getting involved in the plan making process with participation and capacity building. Supporting personnels from local organizations, especially Youth Union and Women Union, are highly encouraged for employment. Procedures for transactions and access to land information will be established in communes. Also, other land-related procedures are implemented at communal offices. Communal land officials will support local residents to avoid inconveniences. Forms for transactions and access to land information will be public in communal PC offices /villages’ cultural offices or the meeting rooms). Activity 7: Establishment of a dispute settlement mechanism. In the project’s training courses, local land administration officials shall be informed to notice PPMU about any EM-related land issues despite the results of local mediation were success or failed. Grievance redress mechanism (GRM) and monitoring mechanisms are established in the EMDP and shall be implemented pursuant to POM and CPMU’s guidance. To support these mechanisms, VILG’s PPMUs shall appoint personnels in charge of tracking the implementation of the GRM and reporting the results of solving and mitigating the complaints to the CPMU and the Bank. To minimize potential disputes and complaints which may be raised during project implementation, the State official dispute settlement mechanism is needed. The project shall establish an official channel to receive land-related complaints and disputes through the GRM. Beside of the official channel, EM groups are encouraged to use unofficial/traditional institutions in the communities such as village/hamlet’s heads, village patriarchs, etc. for resolving their complaint and

33 disputes. Each village and hamlet shall establish a mediation team to support the communal PC in mitigating and resolving disputes. Activity 8: Monitoring and evaluation. The Project Monitoring System is designed to examine the level of acceptance and satisfaction of the communities including the Kinh and Ethnic minority people in land management services in the participating districts. Internal monitoring by the VILG Central Board and PPMUs will be monthly implemented in the project area. The internal monitoring aims to review progress of implementation of the approved EMDP and compliance issues. If any issues/problems are identified, remedies will be proposed and implemented to resolve the issues. A semi-annual internal monitoring report will be submitted to the Bank for review. The World Bank project Team will also carry out supervisions to support PPMUs for implementation of the EMDP and resolve issues raised during project implementation. A final monitoring and evaluation will be conducted after completion of all activities of EMDP for 6-12 months to evaluate the extent to which the objectives of the EMDP have been achieved and any necessary action need to be implemented additionally to achieve objectives of the EMDP. In addition, the Provincial VILG Committee in collaboration with the People’s Committees of districts and PPMUs to organize workshops to evaluate and draw experience in the implementation process. V. ORGANIZATION OF IMPLEMENTATION − CPMU is responsible for training and directing the implementing agencies and monitoring the implementation of EMDPs pursuant to EMDF and project’s POM. − Chairman of provincial PC is responsible for approving provincial EMDPs, directing the implementation of the plans, and allocating sufficient funds for project implementation. − Provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) and VILG’s PPMU shall coordinate with district PCs in organizing the implementation of EMDP pursuant to project’s POM. − VILG’s PPMU shall appoint a staff as a social focal person. This staff is responsible for coordinating and supervising the implementation of the EMDP and preparing internal monitoring report to submit to CPMU and the Bank every 6 months. − Representatives from provincial/district Boards of ethnic minorities, DCCGs and communal land administration officials shall coordinate with VILG’s PPMU to organize consultation sessions; evaluating and consulting issues 34 associated with project implementation, and EM people; monitoring the community’s acceptance and satisfaction of the land information management / access to services in project’s districts, including residents in the areas (both ethnic majority and minority groups). − EM communities are responsible for monitoring and reporting about the implementation of project in the communities and project’s negative impacts on the communities. − Regular reports from VILG’s PPMU (every 6 months) shall include status of the EMDP implementation, EM’s feedbacks on the project’s activities in the province and the plan for implementation of follow-up activities. During the implementation process, any difficulties shall be informed to the VILG’s PPMU and provincial steering committee for proper and timely responses. VI. DISSEMINATION OF ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND EM PARTICIPATION 6.1. Disclosure of EMDP PPMU has shared EMDF in technical training and EM community consultation sessions and uploaded it on the local websites. EMDP draft was consulted with local authorities and EM communities before submitting to WB for approval. The approved EMDP will be promulgated to EM groups again using simple and easy-to-understand languages in the village / hamlet meetings and be archived in the communal PC, communities’ cultural offices to provide EM communities an opportunity to access to and to understand the plan. The approved EMDP will also be uploaded on the WB’s website. During the project implementation, any change or impacts occurred, they will be updated in the EMDP. Updated EMDP will be submitted to the WB for approval and later promulgated to EM communities in the project areas. 6.2. EM participation To ensure the EM participation in the project implementation, meaningful consultation shall be made in a free way with sufficient information provided before the implementation of project activities. PPMU has consulted EM communities including the beneficial and influencing households for evaluating their needs for the land information services delivery. The feedbacks from EM communities are guaranteed to be considered during the project design and implementation. During the EMDP preparation, community consultations were made by public meetings, individual interviews, and group discussions. Residents in hamlets from project areas including beneficiaries and affected people were participated and 35 involved in the discussion and information sharing. Women, the vulnerable groups, and the Youth were invited and encouraged to speak up. EM groups in communes from the project areas were also consulted. Their representing organizations such as communal and hamlets’ Women Union, Co-operative, Farmer Association, and Youth Union were consulted as well. EM community consultations were made for 04 project communes focusing on following issues: a) positive and negative impacts on the households and communities, b) avoidances or mitigations of negative impacts on the communities, and c) socio-economic opportunities provided to EM households and communities by the project. Consultation meetings were organized with the participations of all stakeholders including provincial board of ethnicity, representatives from district offices such as office of ethnicity, land registration, women union, and representatives from project communes to interact with provincial board of ethnicity, district offices of ethnicity and question on the released policies for EM people as well as completed and ongoing programs in the project areas related to land use. Consultation mechanism and participation of EM people in the project implementation: before implementation, voluntary participation with sufficient information provided to gain wide agreements of EM groups as well as during the project implementation with meeting minutes. Communities’ feedbacks were considered and included in the project design. Useable consultation methods and participation are group discussions, interviews with key people, prestigious people, and model demonstration. Consultation methods and participation shall be culturally appropriated with EM groups, dealt with gender and intergenerational issues, and included with vulnerable groups. VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM Two-level grievance redress mechanism was established for the project including the community and the authority levels. In each project commune, a mediating team will be established to receive and deal with concerns or conflicts by traditional meditations. If complaints cannot be solved at the community level, it will then be sent to the authority level by communal, district, and provincial one-stop shops, and then to the court. Social focal person of PPMU is responsible to receive citizens’ complaints (if any) and work with local authorized agencies in solving the cases and to monitor the cases until the end. The results shall be informed in written documents to complainants. Complaints and solving results shall be reported in specific in reports of EMDP implementation and submitted to CPMU and WB.

VIII. ESTIMATED COST Estimated costs for implementation of this Ethnic Minority Development Plan include costs for implementing activities mentioned in this report. The budget will come from the project cost. Budget to implement this plan will be taken from the budget of the local counterpart.

The total estimated budget is 463,000,000 VND. (In words: Four hundred and sixty three million dong), equivalent to 20,000 USD (converted 1USD = 23,150 VND at the time of submission to the Provincial People's Committee for approval). The process will be implemented according to the estimates by the competent authority specific approval.

UNIT AMOUNT NO CONTENT UNIT NUMBER PRICE (USD) (USD) TOTAL 20,000

Community consultation Activity 1: group and workshops 2 times 5,000 a year

Remuneration for the Community Consultation Group (Officials of environmental resources Work and earn - agency, local ethnic minority salary according to management agency, local concurrently cultural agency, ethnic minority community representative,,,)

Other expenses (travel, - 1 5,000 5,000 printing, ,,,)

Use modern and effective Activity 2: communication tools Building media content Integrating into - (under DVD format) sub-component 1,3

- Broadcast and print DVD

Training for village and hamlet leaders Organize 01 Activity 3: conference to train village conference 1 3,000 3,000 and hamlet leaders (120 people x 1 day)

Organize meetings with villagers, villages and Activity 4 Meeting 15 600 9,000 communes (5 meetings / year x 3 years) Training of land managers Integrating into the (Organizing orientation project's training workshops for land programs and Activity 5 managers to approach ethnic other programs of minorities) (2 conferences / the central and provinces) localities Establish services to facilitate access to land Activity 6 information and land registration in communities where ethnic minorities live, Funds to support the ROK to provide services to access Funds from land information and land regular operation - registration for ethnic expenditure minority groups in remote sources of areas (20 communes * every registered office 2 years) The land registration office trains commune-level - officials to support access and use of land information systems via the Internet

Activity 7 Community mediation board 3,000

Organizing training workshops on improving dispute resolution skills of - Conference 3 1,000 3,000 cadastral officials and reconciliation teams in villages (150 people x 1 day)

Activity 8 Monitoring and evaluation

Monitoring and evaluation of project activities in the Integrating into - province by ethnic group, Mini-component 3 poverty / near-poor / non- poor status and gender,

IX. MONITORING AND EVALUATION Provincial project management unit (PPMU) of VILG is responsible for internal monitoring on the EMDP implementation. Monitoring reports will be submitted to the World Bank for review and comments every 6 (six) months. Monitoring and evaluation activities should be conducted twice a year during project implementation to identify issues that may require remedy action from PPMU. Monitoring and evaluation criteria of EMDP implementation are as below:

TABLE 1: M&E CRITERIA OF THE EMDP IMPLEMENTATION Monitoring and evaluation Basic indicators activities • Implementation of free, prior and informed consent with EM people 1. Progress of the EMDP • Implementation of activities proposed in the EMDP

• Any delay in implementation, reason and solutions for the delay. • Information disclosure and consultation with Ethnic minority communities, commune authorities, village and hamlet leaders, and local mass organizations; 2. Community consultation • Participation of Ethnic minority communities, and participation of EM representatives of hamlets, hamlets ... and local mass people organizations in implementation and monitoring of the EMDP implementation. • Participation of EM women and vulnerable group 3. Implement potential • Implementation of all measures to mitigate negative negative mitigation measures impacts from the project must be effectively implemented. 4. Implementation of specific development interventions for • Assess effectiveness of the implementation of the action local ethnic minority plan. communities • Ethnic minority communities have a clear understanding 5. Complaints / Grievances of the grievance mechanism; resolving their complaints in timely and satisfactorily and culturally appropriate manner.

ANNEX 1: PARTICIPANTS IN THE COMMUNITY CONSULTATION No. Name Address/Unit Male Female I. Province level = 4 3 1 1 Le Cong Tien Deputy Director of DONRE x 2 Le Van Bac Specialist of DONRE x Department of Propaganda and 3 Sa Huy Hoang Policy Department of Ethnic x Minorities Head of Socio-Economic Division, 4 Nguyen Thi Ngoc Bich x Provincial Women's Union II District level I Luc Yen District 6 3 3 Resources and Environmental 1 Hoang Manh Tuan x Department 2 Ha Khanh Vinh Ethnic Affairs Division x 3 Hoang Van Soai Financial planning office x Division of Agriculture and Rural 4 Nguyen Hong Nhung x Development 5 Tran Cao Son Luc Yen Tax Department x 6 Doan Thi Thu Hương District Women's Union x II Tran Yen District 5 2 3 1 Nguyen Thi Kim Xuyen Vice President of Women's Union x Deputy Head of Natural Resources 2 Nguyen Thi Minh Luong x and Environment Division Deputy Head of Ethnic Affairs 3 Sin Thi Huong x Division Specialist of Finance - Planning 4 Le Tran Linh x Department Specialist of Agriculture and Rural 5 Nguyen Van Truong x Development Department III Mu Cang Chai District 6 5 1 Bureaucrat of Environmental 1 Phan Duc Cuong x Resource Department Bureaucrat of Department of 2 Ly A Khua x Agriculture and Rural Development Bureaucrat of Department of Ethnic 3 Do Xuan Thao x Affairs Division Bureaucrat of Department of 4 Vang A Ly Finance - Planning 5 Nguyen Nhu Hung Tax department officer x 6 Sung Thi My Vice President of Women's Union x III District level

Luc Yen District I Tan Linh Commune 20 11 9 People’s Committee of Tan Linh 1 Pham Trung Kien x Commune People’s Committee of Tan Linh 2 Lo Van Hung x Commune People’s Committee of Tan Linh 3 Ban Thi Sang x Commune People’s Committee of Tan Linh 4 Hoang Thi Bien x Commune People’s Committee of Tan Linh 5 Hoang Dinh Tuan x Commune 6 Tran Thi Tuyet Hamlet 1 , Tan Linh Commune x 7 Hoang Thi Danh Hamlet 2, Tan Linh Commune x 8 Luc Van Giap Hamlet 2, Tan Linh Commune x 9 Hoang Kim Phan Hamlet 3, Tan Linh Commune x 10 Hoang Thi Hang Hamlet 3, Tan Linh Commune x 11 Le Thi Hoa Qua Hamlet 4, Tan Linh Commune x 12 Hoang Van Sang Hamlet 4, Tan Linh Commune x 13 Do Hong Dong Hamlet 5, Tan Linh Commune x 14 Hoang Thi Nguyet Hamlet 5, Tan Linh Commune x 15 Pham Thi Sim Hamlet 6, Tan Linh Commune x 16 Cu Xuan Toan Hamlet 7, Tan Linh Commune x 17 Vi Thi Dung Hamlet 8, Tan Linh Commune x 18 Vi Van Huan Hamlet 9, Tan Linh Commune x 19 Dang Van Phong Hamlet 9, Tan Linh Commune x 20 Hoang Van Do Center hamlet x II To Mau Commune 11 8 3 People’s Committee of To Mau 1 Hoang Van Hoa x Commune People’s Committee of To Mau 2 Tran Manh Hoang x Commune People’s Committee of To Mau 3 Nong Thi Huong Giang x Commune People’s Committee of To Mau 4 Le Cong Luan x Commune People’s Committee of To Mau 5 Hoang Quynh x Commune Ngoi Tham Hamlet, To Mau 6 Hoang Thi Hong x Commune Trung Tam Hamlet, To Mau 7 Hoang Van Hanh x Commune

Lang Muong Hamlet, To Mau 8 Nguyen Thi Nguon X Commune Quyet Thang Hamlet, To Mau 9 Trieu Van Son x Commune Ngoi Chang Hamlet, To Mau 10 Dang Van Minh x Commune Ngoi Chang Hamlet, To Mau 11 Truong Van Ninh x Commune Tran Yen District I District level 6 2 4 1 Nguyen Thi Kim Xuyen Vice President of Women's Union x Deputy Head of Natural Resources 2 Nguyen Thi Minh Luong x and Environment Division Deputy Head of Ethnic Affairs 3 Sin Thi Huong x Division Specialist of Finance - Planning 4 Le Tran Linh x Department Specialist of Department of 5 Nguyen Van Truong x Agriculture and Rural Development Nguyen Thi Thanh 6 Officer of the Tax Department x Huong II Commune level I Van Hoi Commune 11 7 4 Vice president of commune people's 1 Nguyen Manh Dan x committee 2 Phung Xuan Phong Cadastral Official x 3 Nguyen Van Hung Justice - Civil Status Officer x 4 Mai Quang Tien Secretary of Youth Union x 5 Tong Gia Cong Head of Commune Fatherland Front x President of Commune Women's 6 Nguyen Thi Oanh x Union Secretary of Party Cell, Village 8 7 Lo Thi Thong x Minh Phu Secretary of the Party cell of Village 8 Do Viet Lien x 4 Dong Chao

Head of Women's Union, Village 4, 9 Hoang Thi Hang x Dong Chao 10 Do Trong Khai Secretary of Labor Party cell x Secretary of Khe Mon Village, Khe 11 Nguyen Thi Nhung x Mon Luong Thinh II 15 9 6 Commune 1 Trieu Khanh Thien Vice Chairman of CPC x 2 Nguyen Van Bien Land officials x 3 Duong Dinh Vy Judicial officer x 4 Cao Manh Hung Secretary of Youth Union x 5 Pham Ngoc Hung President of the Fatherland Front x 6 Tran Thi Thuy Mai President of the Women's Union x Vuc Tron Village Women's Union 7 Trieu Thi Quynh x Leader The Head of Women's Union in 8 Nguyen Thi Nguyet x Dong Bang 1 + 2 village Secretary of Dong Bang 1 + 2 Youth 9 Bui Van Toan x Union 10 Nguyen Thi Hang Head of Women's Union, Khe Lua x 11 Hoang Van Hoan Secretary of Khe Lua Youth Union x Secretary of Khe Lua Youth Union 12 Ha Ngoc Anh x Luong Mon Village Women's Union Leader, Khe 13 Trieu Thi Tinh x Bat Village Secretary of Khe Bat Youth Union 14 Ly Kim Huy x Luong Mon Village Women's Union Leader, 15 Ban Thi Lan x Luong Thien Village Mu Cang Chai District I District Level 6 5 1 Bureaucrat of Department of Natural 1 Phan Duc Cuong X Resources and Environment

Bureaucrat of Department of 2 Ly A Khua X Agriculture and Rural Development Bureaucrat of Ethnic Affairs 3 Do Xuan Thao X Division Bureaucrat of Department of 4 Vang A Ly X Finance - Planning 5 Nguyen Nhu Hung Tax department officer X 6 Sung Thi My Vice President of Women's Union X II Commune level 1 Pan Tan Commune 17 11 6 1 Giang Sua Rua Vice Chairman of CPC X Commune Construction cadastral 2 Hang Dinh Loi X official Commune Finance - Accounting 3 Ho A Vang X Officer Commune Justice - Civil status 4 Ly A Nang X officer Secretary of the Commune Youth 5 Lu A Tu X Union Chairman of the Commune 6 Ly A Tu X Fatherland Front Committee President of Commune Women's 7 Thao Thi Do X Union 8 Ly A Nha The Secretary of La Pan Tan Village X The Secretary of Trong Tong 9 Hang A Khua X Village The Secretary of Trong Pao Sang 10 Ly Song Gia X Village 11 Ly A Chu The Secretary of Ta Chi Lu Village X The Secretary of Pu Nhu-Hang Sung 12 Ly A Do X Village The Head of Women's Union, La 13 Giang Thi Chong X Pan Tan Village

The Head of Women's Union, Trong 14 Ly Thi Ha X Tong Village The Head of Women's Union, Trong 15 Khang Thi Dua X Pao Sang Village The Head of Women's Union, Ta 16 Hang Thi Sua X Chi Lu Village The Head of Women's Union, Pu 17 Giang Thi Vang X Nhu- Hang Sung Village

Total = 107 66 41