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Culture and

During the 60s, a movement began that was made up mostly of white, middle class college kids The so-called counterculture was disillusioned with the Vietnam War & injustices in America Instead of challenging the system, they turned their backs on it-& tried to establish a whole new society based on peace & love Tune In, Turn On, Drop Out Members of the counterculture-the - shared some of the beliefs of the movement They felt society, with its materialism, technology, & war, had grown hollow They were influenced by the of the 1950s Following the advice of Harvard professor Timothy Leary, tens of thousands of idealistic youth “Tuned in, Turned on, & Dropped Out”—that is, take drugs They left school, work, or home for peace, love, & harmony Culture The late 60’s were called the Age of Aquarius-marked by rock music, outrageous clothing, sexual license, & illegal drugs In particular, hippies chose marijuana & LSD, a “mind- expanding” drugs for self- awareness Hippies also turned to Eastern religions such as Zen Buddhism Buddhism taught one could become enlightened through meditation, rather than the scriptures Dressing Like a Hippie The typical hippie, man, like, wore ragged jeans, & dude, tie-dyed shirts, camo, love , & sweet—Native American ornaments, man Thousands grew & beards-a sign their conservative elders saw as an act of disrespect Bumper stickers on cars of conservatives said, “Keep America beautiful-Give a hippie a haircut” “If You’re Goin’ to San Fran-cisco…” Hippies also rejected conventional home life-many joined , in which members renounced private property California-specifically the Haight- Ashbury district of San Francisco, became the hippie capital That’s because California did not outlaw hallucinogenic drugs until 1966 It was man, like, do your own thing, its all beautiful, peace and love, dude

Decline of the Movement It didn’t take long-the peace, love & harmony soon gave way to violence & disillusionment Their urban communities eventually turned seedy & dangerous Having dispensed with society’s rules, hippies discovered that “do your own thing” did not provide enough guidance on how to live Communes soon fell apart over who was going to wash the dishes or pay the bills Death By Drugs 1970-Many hippies fell victim to the drugs they used, experiencing addiction & mental breakdowns on a massive scale Popular rock icons such as Jimi Hendrix & Janis Joplin both died of overdoses that year As the mystique of the 60’s wore off, thousands of hippies lined up at government offices to collect welfare & food stamps They were now dependent on the very society they had once rejected A Changing Culture-in Art The counterculture of the 60s saw the rise of pop (pop-ular) art Pop art was characterized by bright, simple, commercial- looking images often showing everyday life Pop artist Andy Warhol became famous for his bright silk- screen portraits of Marilyn Monroe & Campbells Soup cans The images were repeated to look mass-produced & impersonal-a criticism of the conventional “cookie-cutter” lifestyle of most Americans Rock Music

During the 60s, the counterculture embraced rock-n-roll as its loud & biting anthem of protest Rock music was an offshoot of the African-American rhythm & blues music that had captivated so many teenagers in the 1950s After Elvis, came shoo-bop, followed by surfing music Then came a musical invasion from England The British Invasion The musical group that more than any other propelled rock into mainstream America was the Beatles The group was made up of 4 working-class youths from Liverpool, England They arrived in America in 1964 & took the country by storm By the time the Beatles broke up in 1970, John, Paul, George, & Ringo had sold millions of records They also inspired countless other bands to imitate their mop hairstyles & clothing The Counterculture at its Zenith One example of rock’s popularity occurred in August, 1969 in upstate New York More than 400,000 fans showed up for a called “ Music & Art Fair” It represented the 60s movement of peace & love & working for some higher cultural cause For 3 days, the most popular bands performed-Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Joe Cocker, Joan Baez, the Grateful Dead, & Jefferson Airplane http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wyx053CN Mag

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Changing Attitudes While the counterculture movement faded, the “do your own thing” philosophy left its mark American attitudes toward sexual behavior became more casual & permissive, leading to what became known as the In the 60s & 70s, mass culture- books, TV, magazines, music, & movies-began to address subjects that had been off-limits That included sexual behavior & explicit violence Was It Liberating? Some hailed the new attitude of permissiveness toward sex as liberating Others attacked the sexual revolution as a sign of moral decay For millions of Americans, the new tolerance for “anything goes” was merely an uncivilized lack of respect of established social norms Eventually, the counterculture would lead many Americans to more liberal attitudes about dress, lifestyle, & social behavior- but most rejected it The Conservative Response

By the late 1960s, many believed the country was losing its sense of right & wrong Vietnam War protests, women’s rights, civil rights, rock music, sexual revolution-it was all too much Increasingly, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aD5rgDp conservative voices Qqc began to express people’s anger Conservatives Attack the Counterculture Nixon was not the only conservative voice expressing alarm FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover issued a warning that “revolutionary terrorism” was a threat on campuses & in cities Others warned that campus rebels posed a danger to traditional values & threatened to plunge America into anarchy What the Conservatives Saw as Wrong

Conservatives attacked the counterculture for what they saw as its decadent values Some saw those who attended Woodstock as pampered kids who could not delay gratification Conservatives said the counterculture had abandoned rational thought in favor of the senses & uninhibited self-expression What It All Meant So much change was packed into the 1960s The angry response of mainstream Americans caused a profound change in the political landscape of the US By the end of the 60s, conservatives were presenting their own solutions to such issues as lawlessness & crime They had solutions to cut the size of the federal government & welfare spending This growing conservative movement would propel Richard Nixon to the White House

The Counterculture

Impact on Beliefs Lifestyle Society

Pop Art Rejection of society’s Rock n’ roll materialism & Men’s & women’s mod technology Outrageous clothing fashions, especially blue jeans Opposition to war Drug use Rock n’ roll Vision of a society Communal Living filled with peace, love Conservative & harmony movement as a reaction The Counterculture

Impact on Beliefs Lifestyle Society