28 REPRODUCIBLE English and Spanish Cognates: Verbs There are many English verbs that can be converted into Spanish, usually by changing the ending of the English verb and adding -ar, -er, or -ir.

Almost every English infinitive verb ending Almost every English infinitive verb end- with -ate (celebrate) can be converted into a ing with -ify (signify) can be converted into a Spanish infinitive verb by replacing the final Spanish infinitive verb by replacing the final -ate with -ar (celebrar). -ify with -ificar (significar).

-ate = -ar -ify = -ificar English Spanish English Spanish calculate → calcular amplify → amplificar concentrate → concentrar certify → certificar create → crear gratify → gratificar demonstrate → demostrar justify → justificar estimate → estimar modify → modificar exaggerate → exagerar notify → notificar negotiate → negociar pacify → pacificar operate → operar simplify → simplificar participate → participar solidify → solidificar terminate → terminar unify → unificar

Many English infinitive verbs of more than Many English infinitive verbs ending with one syllable ending with VOWEL + CONSON- VOWEL + CONSONANT + t (result) can be ANT + e (examine) can be converted into converted into Spanish infinitive verbs by Spanish infinitive verbs by dropping the final adding -ar, -er, or -ir to the end of the English -e and adding -ar (examinar). verb (resultar). -VC + e = -VC + ar -VC + t = -ar, -er, -ir English Spanish English Spanish accuse → acusar consult → consultar adore → adorar insult → insultar authorize → authorizer present → presentar complete → completar continued converse → conversar

Teaching Your Secondary ELLs the Language of Tests: Focusing on Language in English Language Arts © 2009 r4 Educated Solutions • solution-tree.com • Visit go.solution-tree.com/ELL to download this page.

TYSELL_Language Arts.indd 28 3/13/09 10:18:50 AM REPRODUCIBLE 29 English and Spanish Cognates: Verbs (continued) -VC + e = -VC + ar -VC + t = -ar, -er, -ir English Spanish English Spanish escape → escapar convert → convertir ignore → ignorar export → exportar imagine → imaginar import → importar invite → invitar insist → insistir organize → organizar represent → representar prepare → preparar utilize → utilizar

Teaching Your Secondary ELLs the Language of Tests: Focusing on Language in English Language Arts © 2009 r4 Educated Solutions • solution-tree.com • Visit go.solution-tree.com/ELL to download this page.

TYSELL_Language Arts.indd 29 3/13/09 10:18:50 AM