Mapping Medieval Geographies: Geographical Encounters in the Latin West and Beyond, 300–1600 Edited by Keith D

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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03691-8 - Mapping Medieval Geographies: Geographical Encounters in the Latin West and Beyond, 300–1600 Edited by Keith D. Lilley Index More information

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‘Abd al-Rahman I, 209, 220 Augustus, 29–30, 35, 38–9, 42, 73 Abraham, 73 Avicenna, 96 Abu ‘l-Baqa’ al-Rundi see Radi, al- Abu Ishaq ibn Khafaja, 222 Bacon, Roger, 8–9, 19, 83–99, 154–6 Abu Ma’shar, 94 Bactrians, 52 Adam, 108, 117 Bakri, al-, 216 Adea, 55 Barber, Peter, 134, 197 Adelard of Bath, 98 Barbosa, Duarte, 160 Aethicus Ister, 66 Barbosa, Robert, 167 Agrippa, 33–6, 38, 40–2 Barnes, Jerome, 166 Akbari, Suzanne, 309 Barros, João de, 160, 164, 167 Alain Chartier, 199 Bartholomew, 116 Alans, 47 Bartlett, Robert, 228, 233 Albertus Magnus, 155 Basil of Caesarea, 295–6 Alemanni, 73 Bavarians, 72 Alexander of Ephesus, 28 Beatus of Liebana, 120 Alexander the Great, 32, 95 Beckett, Thomas, 321 Alsatii, 73 Bede, 46, 66, 154 Alvarez, Brother Francesco, 163, 167 Bello, Richard, 233, 235 Amalarius of Metz, 113 Bembo, Cardinal Pietro, 161 Andronicus Palaeologus II, 297 Benedict, St, 120 Antony the Great, St, 278–9, 292 Benedict XIII, Pope, 319 antisemitism, 250–2, 259, 267 Bernard, St, 304 Apian, Peter, 132 Bernard de Rosier, 186–7, 198 Apollodorus, 32 Bernard Gui, 191 Arabians, 52 Bernard of Clairvaux, 125 Archelaus, 32 Biddick, Kathleen, 313 Aristotle, 91–2, 95–6, 155 Birkholz, Daniel, 251 Armenians, 52 Boethius, 81 Armesto, Fernandez, 155 Bonaventure, 122–5 Arthur (king), 134–8, 321 Boniface VIII, 111 Assyrians, 52 borders astrology, 53, 83–6, 91, 98, 128–32, 134, European, 17, 157, 217, 302 146, 148, 151, 163, 233 Irish, 310–12 astronomy, 10, 84, 90, 93, 97, 99, 128, 130, and marginality, 15, 17, 99, 230 132–4, 148, 231–3 Welsh, 15, 225, 310 Athanasius Koinovitis, 285 Bouloux, Nathalie, 196 Athanasius of Alexandria, 278, 285, Breen, Katharine, 322–3 293–4, 298 Breynton, Roger, 225–8, 235, 237, 241–9, atmosphere, 83, 95–6 251 Augustine, 47, 50, 58, 61, 68, See also Roger de Breynton 252–9, 266 Bronder, Barbara, 105, 109

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03691-8 - Mapping Medieval Geographies: Geographical Encounters in the Latin West and Beyond, 300–1600 Edited by Keith D. Lilley Index More information

328 Index

Campbell, James, 256–7 Crusade Campbell, Mary B., 308–9, 317 First, 254–5 Carruthers, Mary, 61, 125 Seventh, 93 Cartier, Jacques, 167–9 Curtius, Ernst Robert, 45 cartography Cuthbert, St, 264, 266 and geography, 45, 113, 132–4, 151, Cyril of Jerusalem, 280 177–8, 315 Cyrus, 54 medieval, 14, 87, 100, 127, 225, 244, 249 Daly, Kathleen, 188 modern, 151 Dante, 316–18, 320 and monasteries, 70–1, 100–3 Davies, Rees, 310 religious, 100–2, 234, 303, 316 de Worde, Wynkyn, 144 textual, 225–6, 242–4, 247 Denis, St, 199 transmission of, 128, 139, 161, 171–2, Dicuil, 40 236 Dio, 35 urban, 169, 242–3 Diodorus Siculus, 167 Cassiodorus, 40, 58 Diogenes Laertius, 32 Caxton, William, 10, 134, 138–41, 146, Dionysius Periegetes, 28–9, 38, 58 150 discovery, 5, 9, 149, 153–6, 160, Chaldeans, 52 168–70 Charlemagne, 40, 67, 82 Douglas, Mary, 260 Charles of Anjou, 189 Charles the Bald, 181 Eadmund, St, 264, 266 Charles the Fat, 67 Ebstorf Map Charles Martel, 219 studies of, 100–2 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 132, 139 symbolism in, 103–26 Chazan, Robert, 254 Eden, 16, 43, 51, 271–5, 292–8, 316 chorography, 6, 11, 24–6, 30–40, 42–4, Edwards, Kathleen, 233 131, 170–1, 250 Ekkehard IV, 8, 18, 69–82 Christianity, 68, 84, 88–9, 95, 111–12, 117, Elijah, 275–8 239, 252–3, 256, 264, 275, 278, 299 Elisaneus, 276 Chrystodoulos, 285 Elyot, Thomas, 139 Cicero, 28, 37, 55 empire Clement IV, Pope, 83, 85, 90, 92, 94, 98 Byzantine, 274, 280–1 Clodio the Hairy, 185, 198 Carolingian, 67, 181, 323 Clovis (king), 189–90 Frankish, 67–8 Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome, 250, 257, 261, Mongol, 88, 156 266–7 Muslim, 209 Coldiron, Anne E. B., 130 Roman, 30, 47, 175, 192, 279 Columbus, Christopher, 155 England, geography in, 127–31 Colwell, Thomas, 144 Eratosthenes of Cyrene, 27–30, 33–4, 41 Connolly, Daniel K., 322 Esmeijer, Anna, 106 Constantine the Great, 279 Ethiopians, 52 Copland, Robert, 144 Eumenius, 41 Cortes, Hernán, 169 Eusebius, 53 Cosgrove, Denis, 12, 18, 132, 153, 251 Eustathius of Thessalonica, 38, 44, 293 Cosmas Indicopleustes, 271–4 Euthymios the Younger, St, 291 cosmography, 7, 9–10, 31, 37–8, 84, Eve, 56 87–8, 92, 99, 131–2, 166, 171, 271–2, 277 Fernandez de Oviedo, Gonzalo, 161 cosmology, 16, 83, 96, 99, 102, 108–10, Field, P. J. C., 137 275 Fine, Oronce, 132 Crassus, 63 Flavius Josephus, 66 Creation, 48, 56, 102–3, 105–10, 112–15, Foucault, Michel, 320 121, 123–5, 273, 296 Fracastoro, Gieronimo, 161, 163, 166–9

Index 329

Frame, Robin, 312 globes, 139, 141, 148 France Gómez, Wey, 155 cartography in, 177–80, 182–3, 192–8 Gosson, Henry, 147 and the Hundred Years War, 176, 181–2 Gossouin of Metz, 315 spatial representations of, 175–200 Goths, 47, 52 Francis of Assisi, 88 Greeks, 85 Franks, 67, 73 Gregory of Nazianzus, 295 Frechulph of Lisieux, 66 Gregory of Nyssa, 287, 291, 293, 295 Fresne, Canon Simon de, 229, 233 Gregory the Great, 120, 126, 317 Froissart, Jean, 135, 137, 306 Gregory Palamas, St, 288 Fuchs, Barbara, 314 Gregory the Sinaite, 285 Gregory the Theologian, 288 Garden of Eden see Eden Gregory, Derek, 3 Gastaldi, Giacomo, 153, 160–71 Grosseteste, Robert, 154 Gauls, 52, 63, 73 Grynaeus, 157 Gautier Dalché, Patrick, 5–6, 120–1, 134, Guillaume de Deguileville, 320 136, 148 Guinevere, 136 Geoffrey of Monmouth, 314 geographical imagination, 2–3, 15, 17, 151 Hadrian, 28 geographical knowledge, 8–9 Haefele, Hans, 81 circulation of, 18–19, 82, 139, 141–3, Hakluyt, Richard, 153 148 Ham, 51–2 classical, 44, 46, 52–3, 58, 66–7 Hamburger, Jeffrey, 103, 112 and imagination, 12, 151 Hanno, 167 in maps, 70–2, 115–17 Harley, J. B., 316 production of, 65–6, 69, 131–4, 151 Hebrews, 52 geography Hedeman, Anne D., 194 Arabic, 98 Hegesippus, 47 Arthurian, 135–7, 310, 321 Helena of Constantinople, 279–80 biblical, 51–2, 73–7, 275–7 Henry de Bray, 1–2, 11, 19 and chorography, 6, 26, 42–4, 170–1 Henry III, 83 classical, 27, 54–7, 64, 66, 136, 155 Henry of Saltrey, 300–1, 304, 306, 315, and history, 46–7, 66–8, 73–4, 81–2, 120, 317–18 182–6 Henry Suso, 123 imagined, 14–15, 251, 267 Henry V, 137 and language, 47–8, 54–5, 57, 64, 72, Henry VIII, 134–8 183, 243, 295 Herald of Berry see Gilles le Bouvier medieval, 2, 6–9, 46, 78–9, 139, 152 Herberichs, Cornelia, 121 modern, 18, 149–50 Hercules, 63 textual, 10, 28, 53, 132, 151, 157, Hereford 183–91, 321–4 Cathedral, 225–49 and travel, 13, 38, 93, 119, 133, 136, College of Vicars Choral, 238–41 146, 153, 155–6, 163, 167, 213, 271, inhabitants of, 228, 239 306, 308, 322 mappamundi, 38, 109, 119, 231–3, visual, 10, 152–3, 192–8 249 geometry, 37, 132, 201, 218 property in, 227, 237–8, 241–7 Gerald of Wales, 15, 19, 225–37, 241–2, Hermann of Carinthia, 6 246, 248–9, 302, 307–8 Herodotus, 33, 282 Gerasimos, St, 290 Hildegard of Bingen, 108 Germain, Jean, 6 Hipparchus, 27–8, 30 Gerson, Jean, 199 Hispani, 52 Gervasius of Tilbury, 105 Homer, 28 Gilchrist, Roberta, 268 Hoogvliet, Margriet, 5 Gilles le Bouvier, 186–92, 198 Howe, Nicholas, 12, 251 Giunti, Tommaso, 158 Hrabanus Maurus, 46, 109

330 Index

Hugh of Lincoln, 255 Julianus Sabus, 280 Hugh of St Victor, 120–1 Julius Caesar, 29, 38, 102, 175–7, 181–5, Humbert of Romans, 315 187, 190, 197–8 Humboldt, Alexander von, 295–6 Julius Honorius, 40, 66 Humphrey of Lancaster, 139 Hungarians, 72–3, 76 Kalothetos, Ioseph, 285 Ker, N. R., 236 Iambolus, 167 Khwārizmī, al-, 97 Ibn Battuta, 211 Kimble, George, 12 Ibn Hamdis, 212 kingship, 320 Ibn Hazm, 220 Kline, Naomi Reed, 13 Ibn Jubayr, 213 Knonau, Meyer von, 72 Ibn Shuhayd, 222 Kugler, Hartmut, 100, 105, 109, Ibn Zaydun, 221 119 iconography, 16–17, 105, 108, 113, 122–3, 277 Lactantius Placidus, 36 identity Lambert Saint-Omer, 192–4, 196 cultural, 13–14, 175, 183, 229, 235–6 Lancelot, 135–6 religious, 251–2, 262–3 landscape(s), 3, 16, 31, 34, 61, 89, 135–6, imperialism, 40–2, 50, 68, 137, 201, 212, 169, 236, 241–4, 246, 257, 276, 278, 279–80, 311 283, 292–3, 302 Indians, 52 Langmuir, Gavin, 250, 259 Ionians, 52 Langobards, 74 Iōannikios, St, 290 latitude, 97–8, 164–5 Isaiah, 293 Lavezzo, Kathy, 13, 15, 129, 137, 307 Isidore of Seville, 6–7, 10, 18, 45–64, 66, Lawrence, Andrew, 141, 150 76, 154–5, 171, 181, 183, 188, 191, Lazaros, St, 286–8, 291–2 260, 262, 268 Le Goff, Jacques, 315 Islamic learning cities, 217–18 centres of, 65, 102, 229 Europe, 217–20 and geography, 58–60, 64–7, 78–9, 88–9, geography, 201, 212–15 120–1, 231–3 maps, 201–9 LeCoq, Danielle, 195 trade, 210–12 Lefebvre, Henri, 134 islands, 38, 40, 49, 102, 212–15, 271, 294, Leon of Africa, 164–5 299, 316–17, 320 library, 65–7, 76, 128, 130, 138–9, 161, Israelites, 74 210, 238, 323 Lionel of Clarence, 301 Jacobus da Voragine, 305, 315 Lipman, Vivian, 257 James of Vitry, 315 Lisan al-Din ibn al-Khatib, 222 Japeth, 51–2 Livingstone, David, 3 Jean de Saint-Victor, 191 Livy, 34 Jerome, 47, 50, 53, 66 London Jerusalem, in centre of the Earth, 104, 118, printing in, 138 128, 265, 322 Louis IX, 93 Jews, 15, 85, 250–70 Lubac, Henri de, 110 in cities, 15–16, 256–9 Lucan, 176 John Chrysostom, St, 295 Lucius Ampelius, 53, 58 John Climacus, St, 288, 291–2 Lucius Tiberius, 136–7 John of Damascus, 298 Ludovic of Varthema, 167 John of Plano Carpini, 88, 93 Lynch, Kathryn L., 17, 309 Johnson, Christine, 155 Josephus, 72 Malory, Thomas, 10, 134–8, 150 Juan I of Aragon, 302, 304, 314–15, map projection, 23, 25–8, 33, 89, 97–9, 318–21, 323 128, 152, 158, 167

Index 331

mappamundi, 43, 46, 77, 98, 130, 177, 194, Muslims, 85 202, 237, 247–9, 265, 316, 322 Mu’tamid, al-, 222 textual, 1–2, 6, 147–8, 152–3 Mybbe, Walter, 15, see Mibbe, Walter visual, 14–15, 102–3, 119–20, 147–8, 196–7 Navagero, Andrea, 161 mapping navigation ﬁgurative, 12–13, 223–6, 299 chart/map, 146, 166, 204, 282 symbolic, 102–18, 121–2, 212–19 textual, 49, 59–60 textual, 152–3, 237, 247 Nebrija, Antonio, 157 maps (named) Nebroth, 55, 57 Agrippa, 34–6 Nennius, 314 Ebstorf, 100–26 Nes, Solrunn, 278 Evesham, 196 New World, 10, 159, 161, 164, 169–70 Gough, 14 Nicephorus Gregorás, 297–8 Hereford, 15, 109, 231–4, 248–9 Nicodemus, 105 Peutinger, 42 Nicol, Donald, 283 Marchant, Guy, 141, 144 Ninus, 73 Marco Polo, 155 Noah, 1, 51 Marcomir (king), 178–80, 184, 197 Noël de Fribois, 188–92, 198–9 Marcus Agrippa, 29 Nora, Pierre, 284 margins Norwich of countries, 199, 225, 303 geography of, 256–9 and identities, 199, 260, 310–14 Jews in, 250–70 of maps, 204, 302, 316 landscape of, 256–7, 268–9 Marinos of Tyre, 26–7 property in, 259–60 Mark Antony, 38 Notary, Julian, 143–4 Martianus Capella, 7, 66, 80 Notker Balbulus, 67–8, 82 Martin von Troppau, 185 Notker the German, 69 Matthew Paris, 14, 315, 322–3 Notker the Stammerer see Notker Balbulus Matthews, William, 137 Mattingly, Garrett, 135 O’Loughlin, Thomas, 234, 236 Maurice, St, 116–17 Opicinus de Canistris, 224 Maximos Kausokalybiótēs, St, 290 orientation, 76, 125, 208, 323 Mayhew, R. J., 149–50 Orleton, Bishop Adam, 241, 243 Medes, 52 Orosius, 8, 47, 49–50, 52, 59, 66, 68–82, Meleagant, 136 120, 154–5, 178, 181, 183, 185, 189 Memnon, 55 Ortelius, 152, 171 memory, 45, 48–9, 60–4, 70, 219, 246–7, Otter, Monika, 302 275, 284–7 Ovid, 58 Mercator, Gerardus, 127, 152–3 Owein, 302 Messier, Ronald, 211 Metge, Bernat, 321 Pagano, Matteo, 163 Mibbe, Walter, 225–8, 236–41, 244, 246, Pappos of Alexandria, 37 249 Parry, Joseph, 135 Milanesi, Marica, 157 Parsons, M., 147 Molyneux, Emery, 140, 148 Parthians, 55, 63 Mongols, 93 Patrick, St, 301, 305 Montalboddo, F., 157 Pedro IV, 314–15 Moore, R. I., 254 Persians, 52, 54 moral geography, 229, 234, 294 Perseus (king), 54–5, 57 Mordred, 136–7 Peter Lombard, 113, 118 Morgan, Penelope, 237 Philip, St, 116 Moses, 274–8, 287–8, 290 Philip the Bold, 194 Münster, Sebastian, 132, 148, 153, 157, Philistines, 52 224 Pierre d’Ailly, 155, 191

332 Index

Pietro del Massaio, 197 Shakespeare, William, 147 pilgrimage Shem, 51–2 and cartography, 125, 322–4 Sibyl, 63 Christian, eastern, 16–17, 279–80, Simon, Jesse, 171 286–7 Smail, Daniel Lord, 12, 242–5 Christian, western, 17, 300–2, 304–10, Small, Margaret, 132 318 Soja, Edward, 3 and geographical imagination, 304–10, Solinus, 47, 50, 63, 66, 181, 183, 187, 189, 323–4 196–7 Pliny, 29–30, 35, 40, 47, 52, 181, 183–5, spatial hierarchy, 1, 48, 50, 64, 92, 109, 187 123–5, 287–8 Polybius, 32 Speed, John, 149, 151 Pomponius Mela, 28–30, 37, 52 Spenser, Edmund, 314 practices Spiegel, Gabrielle, 176 cartographic, 139–46, 161–70, 225–6, Statius, 36 235–6 Stephen of Bourbon, 315 devotional, 118–26, 279–80, 287–98 Steven the Younger, 290 geographic, 136, 152–3 Strabo, 27–30, 32–4, 42, 52, 153 Prester John, 144 Suetonius, 176 Priscian, 37 Suevi, 73 Procopius, 276 Swinﬁeld, Bishop Richard, 233, 235, 241, Prophete, John, 238 243 Psellos, Michael, 296–8 Symeon the Stylite the Younger, 286 Ptolemaic revival, 127, 133 Syrians, 52 Ptolemy, 5–6, 9, 23–44, 52, 58, 94, 97, 127–34, 136, 139–48, 150–3, 157–8, Talbot, Alice Mary, 283, 298 166, 170–2, 197 Talbot, Thomas, 241 Pynson, Richard, 143–4 Taylor, E. R., 149–50 Teutoni, 73 Quintilian, 55, 60–1 Theodosius, 37, 39, 42 Thomas, 116 Radi, al-, 222–3 Thomas Cantilupe, St, 233, 240, 249 Ramon de Perellós, 17, 300–24 Thomas of Monmouth, 15–17, 250–70 Ramusio, Giovanni Battista, 10, 18, Thracians, 52 152–72 Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, 34 Rapp, Claudia, 293 Tomasch, Sylvia, 308 Ratpert, 77 topography, 24, 28, 31, 164, 229, 271–4, Reger, Johann, 6–7 300 Reigate, Nicholas, 244–9 Trevisa, John, 138 Richard II, 240, 301, 312, 321 Troy the Great, 182 Richard of Haldingham, 231, 234, 249 Roger of Wendover, 315 underworld(s), 252, 304, 317 Romans, 42 Ungruh, Christine, 105, 125 universal history, 68, 119, 138–9, 178, 188, Safadi, al-, 222 191 Sallust, 176 university, 91, 130, 233 Sancho, Pedro, 169 Sanford, Rhonda Lemke, 247 Vandals, 47 Saracens, 52, 72 Varro Atacinus, 28, 34, 37 Sarmatians, 52 Verazzano, 167 Schmidt-Chazan, Mireille, 176 Veronica, 104–5, 109–13, 122 Scipio, 90 Vibius Sequester, 52, 58 Scott, A. B., 236 Vinaver, Eugene, 137 Scythians, 52 Vincent of Beauvais, 6, 189, 315 Servius, 36, 47, 50, 58, 63 Virgil, 36, 53, 58, 80

Index 333

Vitruvius, 34, 36, 38, 42 Wolsey, Cardinal, 130 voyages, 149, 157, 166–9, 303, 317–18 woodcut maps, 140, 147, 159, 163 Woodward, David, 316 Waldseemüller, Martin, 132, 153 Worms, Lawrence, 127 Wilke, Jürgen, 116, 119 Wright, John Kirtland, 12 William de Lisle, 306 Wright, Richard, 148, 151 William of Malmesbury, 233 Wyer, Robert, 144–6, 150 William of Norwich, 250–70 William of Rubruck, 88, 93 Xenophon, 294 Wolf, Armin, 105 Wolf, Gerhard, 111–12 Yaeger, Patricia, 251