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- Ahmadi, A., Arzani, H., Jafari, A.A., 2005. Determination and composition of Forage Quality of Five Species in Different Phenological Stages in Alborz Rangelands (IRAN). XX International Grassland Congress, Durban, Ireland. - Abarsaji, Gh., Hosseini, S.A., Hosseini, S.H.,2009. Determination of forage quality of Archive ofth SID Halostachys caspica in three phenological stages, 4 national congress on range and range management, Karaj, Iran. - Ainalis, A.B., Tsiouvaras, C.N, Nastis, A.S., 2006. Effect of summer grazing on forage quality of woody and herbaceous species in a silvopastoral system in northern Greece, Journal of Arid Environments 67, 90–99. - AOAC (1990). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th ed. Washington D.C., USA. - Arzani, H., Sadeghimanesh, M.R., Azarnivand, H., Asadian, Gh., Shahriyari, E., 2008. Study of phonological stages effect on nutritive values of twelve species in Hamadan rangelands, Iranian journal of Range and Desert Research 15(1), 42-50.
www.SID.ir ... - Baghestani Meybodi, N., 2003. Investigation of short time effects of different goat grazing intensities on some vegetation characteristics and animal performance in steppe rangelands of yazd, Ph.D Thesis of range management,University of Tehran. - Bashtini,J., H. Fazaeli, R. Feizi & H. Tavakoli, 2005. Voluntary intake and digestibility of Alhagi spp in sheep, 2th seminar of sheep and goats of Iran. Karaj, Iran. - Esfandiari, A., 2005. Determination of animal unit and daily requirement of Snjabi sheep grazibg on Kermanshah rangelands, M.Sc. thesis of range management,University of Tehran. - Fahey, J.C., 1994. Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization. American Society of Agronomy, USA. 998 p. - Hadjigeorgiou,I.E., Gordon, I.J., Milne, J.A., 2003, Comparative preference by sheep and goats for Graminaeae forages varying in chemical composition. Small Ruminant Research 49,147-156. - Heady,H.F., Child, R.D.,1994. Rangeland Ecology and management. West View Press,USA. 520 p. - Holechek,J.L., Herbel, C.H., Pieper. R.D., 2001. Range management principles and practices. 4th Edition. Prentice Hall Pub.USA, 587 p. - Javadi, S.A., Arzani, H., 2008. Variation in forage quality of tree rangeland species in different phonological stages, XXI IGC & VIII IRC congress, Huhhot, China. - Malan, P.J., Rethman. N.F.G., 2003. Selection preference of sheep grazing different Atriplex species, 7 th international rangeland congress, Durban, Ireland. - Miftakhova, A.F. Burasheva, G.Sh., Abilov, Zh.A. Ahmad, V.U., Zahid, M., 2001. Coumarins from the aerial part of Halocnemum strobilaceum, Fitoterapia 72, 319-321. - Mirzaali, A. T., Mirzaali,E., Frozeh, M. R., 2008. Study of effects of phonological stages on forage quality of two halophyte species of Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspica in Gomishan ranges, Pajouhesh & Sazandegi 78, 79-84. - Mogimi, J., 2005. Introduction of some important suitable range plants to reclamation and extension of Iran rangelands, Agri-Jihad ministry,672 pages. - Ngwa, A.T., Pone, D.K., Mafeni, J.M., 2000. Feed selection and dietary preferences of forage by small ruminants grazing natural pastures in the Sahelian zone of Cameroon. Animal Feed Science and Technology 88,253-266. - Norton, B. E., F.F.M. Daly, G.L. Krebs & K. Dodds, 2008. Variation in nutritional values of shrub forages in the pastoral zone of western Australia, XXI IGC & VIII IRC congress, Huhhot, China. - Okhovvat, M.S., 1999. Preference value of halophyte range plants of Gorgan and Gonbad, Final report of research plan, natural resources research centre of Golestan province. - Provenza, F.D. Archive& K.L. Launchbaugh, 1999. of Foraging SID on the edge of chaos. In: Launchbaugh, K., Sanders, K., Mosley, J. (Eds.), Grazing Behaviour of Livestock and Wildlife, pp. 1–12. - Rasouli, B., Amiri, B., Assareh, M.H., Jafari, M., 2009. Determination of nutritive value of Seidlitzia rosmarinus at different phonological stages in three different sites, 4 th national congress on range and range management, Karaj, Iran. - Standing Committee on Agriculture, 1990. Feeding standards for Australian livestock ruminants, CSIRO, Australia. - Vallentine, J.F., 2001. Grazing management. Academic Press Inc., San Diego, 528 p. - Van Soest, A.J., 1970. The chemical Basis for the Nutritive Evaluation of forage, proc. Nat Conf. On forage quality Eval. Anutil. University of Nebraska.
www.SID.ir 285 Journal of Range and Watershed Management, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, Vol. 63, No. 3, 2010. pp.277-285
Nutritive Value of Zandi Sheep Diets (Halophyte Plants) Grazing in Abbasabad Desert Rangelands of Qom
A. Ahmadi*1 and A. Sanadgol2 1 Assistant professor, Islamic Azad University, Arak branch, Iran 2 Faculty member, Range and Forest Research Institute, Tehran, I.R. Iran (Received: 11 February 2010, Accepted: 13 November 2010)
Abstract Desert and marginal lands of playas which are covered with halophyte shrubs, play a great role in supply of forage for livestock as winter rangelands. In this research, plant samples were collected from four palatable halophyte species for Zandi sheep of Qom desert rangelands including Seidlitzia rosmarinus Halocnemum strobilaceum Alhagi camelorum and Tamarix passerinoides in two phenological stages (vegetative growth and seed ripening). The plant samples were dried and analyzed by AOAC methods for qualitative indices such as: crude protein (CP %), acid detergent fiber (ADF %), dry matter digestibility (DMD %) and metabolizable energy (ME). The results showed significant differences (p<0.01) between different species and phenological stages. Halocnemum strobilaceum had the highest CP% in vegetative stage while Tamarix sp. had the lowest one in seed ripening stage. The highest and the lowest DMD% and ME (mj) were related to Seidlitzia sp. and Tamarix sp., respectively. Also, according to Duncan’s test, interaction effects of plant species and growth stages were significant by quality indices (p<0.01). In most of species, the amount of CP% decreased with progressing phenological stages while ADF%, increased. Meanwhile, autumn and winter in the first type (Ha.st- Se.ro) and late winter and spring in the second type (Al.ca- Se.ro), were determined as the most suitable period for animal grazing.
Keywords: Phenological stages, Nutritive value, Halophyte shrubs, Desert rangelands, Zandi sheep
Archive of SID
*Corresponding author: Tel: +98 912 4522394 , Fax: +98 861 4132451 , E-mail: [email protected]
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