HTTPS://JOURNALS.KU.EDU/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSREPTILES • VOL & AMPHIBIANS15, NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 28(2):189 341–342 • AUG 2021

IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FEATUREA Centipede ARTICLES (Scolopendra dehaani) . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: FeedingOn the Road toon Understanding a theJuvenile Ecology and Conservation of theAndaman Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...... Wolfsnake Joshua M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: (LycodonA Hypothetical hypsirhinoides Excursion ...... ) on HavelockRobert W. Henderson Island, 198 RESEARCH ARTICLES Andaman. The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and and Western TexasNicobar ...... Emily Henry, JasonIslands, Brewer, Krista Mougey, and India Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida ...... Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 Nariman Vazifdar1, Patrick W. Aust2, and Mervyn D’Costa3 CONSERVATION ALERT 1Mumbai, Maharashtra, India ([email protected]) . World’s Mammals in Crisis ...... 2Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ...... 220 . More Than Mammals ...... 3Ajmer, Rajasthan, India ...... 223 . The “Dow Jones Index” of Biodiversity ...... 225

HUSBANDRY . Captive Care of the Central Netted Dragon ...... Shannon Plummer 226 entipedes prey primarily on insects but also are known to of a scolopendrid feeding on an endemic island snake species feed on smallPROFILE vertebrates, including amphibians, lizards, in India. C . snakes, birds, bats, andKraig Adler:rodents A Lifetime (Lewis Promoting 1981; Herpetology Molinari ...... et al. The Andaman Wolfsnake Michael L. is Treglia endemic 234 to the Andaman 2005; Srbek-AraujoCOMMENTARY et al. 2012; Noronha et al. 2015; Siriwut Islands, where it is known as “Patti walla shaap” (= Leaf-litter et al. 2016). Herein. The we Turtles provide Have Been the Watching first record Me ...... of predation Snake). This nocturnally active Eric Gangloff terrestrial 238 species usually is on a juvenile AndamanBOOK WolfsnakeREVIEW (Lycodon hypsirhinoides) by found near forest streams but also is frequently encountered a large centipede (Scolopendra. Threatened Amphibians dehaani of )the and World the edited first by S.N.account Stuart, M. Hoffmann,around J.S.human Chanson, dwellings; N.A. Cox, it is non-venomous and typically R. Berridge, P. Ramani, and B.E. Young ...... Robert Powell 243

 CONSERVATION RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Conservation Research Reports ...... 245  NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ...... 247  NEWBRIEFS ...... 248  EDITORIAL INFORMATION ...... 251  FOCUS ON CONSERVATION: A Project You Can Support ...... 252

Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. Back Cover. Michael Kern Totat et velleseque audant mo Totat et velleseque audant mo estibus inveliquo velique rerchil estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as accullabo.

Fig. 1. A centipede (Scolopendra dehaani) feeding on a juvenile Andaman Wolfsnake (Lycodon hypsirhinoides). Photographs by Nariman Vazifdar.

Copyright is held by the authors. Articles in R&A are made available under a 341 Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 2332-4961 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license. VAZIFDAR ET AL. REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 28(2): 341–342 • AUG 2021 preys on frogs, geckos, and skinks (Whitaker and Captain snakes may be an evolutionary driver for gigantism and spe- 2004). Scolopendra dehaani is among the largest species in the cies divergence in the Andaman Islands. genus (~25 cm body length; Siriwut et al. 2016). This species, which can deliver a painful bite to humans that can be fatal in Acknowledgments infants (Khanna 2003), is common in the Andaman Islands, We thank the many people who encouraged us to write this particularly during the monsoon season. paper. At ~2030 h on 4 June 2021 at Radhanagar Beach, Havelock Island, Andaman Islands, India, NV traced an Literature Cited unusual scratching noise to his front porch, where he located Khanna, V. 2003. Diversity of scolopendrid centipedes (Chilopoda: an approximately 17-cm-long centipede attacking an approx- Scolopendromorpha) in Himalayan ecosystem and adjacent areas—a review. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 101: 207–223. imately 8-cm-long Andaman Wolfsnake (Fig. 1). The cen- Lewis, J.G.E. 1981. The Biology of Centipedes. Cambridge University Press, tipede had grasped the snake immediately behind its head. Cambridge, UK. Although it thrashed vigorously, it was unable to free itself. Molinari, J., E.E. Gutiérrez, A.A. Ascenção, J.M. Nassar, A. Arends, and R.J. After approximately 20 min, the centipede managed to use its Márquesz. 2005. Predation by giant centipedes, Scolopendra gigantea, on three species of bats in a Venezuelan cave. Caribbean Journal of Science 41: legs to immobilize the snake. The centipede then started to 340–346. eat the snake while it was still moving. Starting at the head, Noronha, J.C., L.D. Battirola, A. Chagas-Júnior, R.M. Miranda, R.S. Carpanedo, although the eyes were not eaten, the centipede had worked and D.J. Rodrigues. 2015. Predation of bat (Molossusmolossus: Molossidae) by the centipede Scolopendra viridicornis (Scolopendridae) in southern its way to the snake’s midbody, when it was disturbed and Amazonia. Acta Amazonica 45: 333–336. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809- dragged the remains of the snake into the undergrowth. 4392201404083. The Andaman Islands are characterized by unique island Rao, D.V., K. Chandra, and K. Devi. 2013. Endemic Animals of Andaman and ecology, including a paucity of medium and large mammals Nicobar Islands. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India. Siriwut, W., G.D. Edgecombe, C. Sutcharit, P. Tongkerd, and S. Panha. 2016. and a relatively high diversity and abundance of endemic rep- A taxonomic review of the centipede genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 tiles (Rao et al. 2013). The islands also are known for the (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae) in mainland Southeast Asia, with description of a new species from Laos. ZooKeys 590: 1–124. https://doi. abundance of centipedes, which are reputed to be larger than org/10.3897/zookeys.590.7950. mainland conspecifics (R. Whitaker, pers. comm.). An atypi- Srbek-Araujo, A.C., M.R. Nogueira, I.P. Lima, and A.L. Peracchi. 2012 Predation cal abundance of small terrestrial snakes and large centipedes by centipede Scolopendra viridicornis (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae) on the roof-roosting bats in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. is corroborated by comparative night surveys carried out by Chiroptera Neotropical 18: 1128–1131. the authors on the Andaman Islands and elsewhere in India. Whitaker, R. and A. Captain. 2004. Snakes of India. The Field Guide. Draco Books, Trophic interactions between large centipedes and small Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.

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