DOCSLIB.ORG

Predation of Naked-Toed Gecko, Gymnodactylus Geckoides Spix

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Predation of Naked-Toed Gecko, Gymnodactylus Geckoides Spix Herpetology Notes, volume 14: 671-673 (2021) (published online on 18 April 2021) Predation of naked-toed gecko, Gymnodactylus geckoides Spix, 1825 by giant centipede, Scolopendra viridicornis Newport, 1844 in northeastern Brazil (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) Washington Luiz Silva Vieira1,*, Maria Betânia Ribeiro Gonçalves2, Erivágna Rodrigues Morais3, Francisco Vicente Macedo Júnior3, and Kleber Silva Vieira2 Amphibians and reptiles are common prey to both focusing on the ecology of reptiles and amphibians invertebrates and vertebrates (Poulin et al., 2001; conducted in the Fazenda Almas Private Natural Reserve Castilla et al., 2009; Maffei et al., 2010; Borges et (RPPN Fazenda Almas), which covers a total of 5500 al., 2016; Vieira et al., 2018; Santos-Jr et al., 2020). hectares, of which 3505 hectares (63.7%) correspond to Among invertebrate predators of small reptiles, we protected area. The RPPN Fazenda Almas is located in can highlight giant centipedes (Zimić and Jelić, 2014; the Cariri western region, municipality of São José dos Moura et al., 2015; Chiacchio et al., 2017; Buurt and Cordeiros, Paraíba State, northeastern Brazil (7.4708ºS, Dilrosun, 2017). -36.8808ºW; Datum WGS84, 708 m elevation). The Centipedes are voracious and nocturnal terrestrial RPPN Fazenda Almas comprises an area of arboreal predators (Undheim and King 2011; Dugon and Arthur, Caatinga vegetation. The phytophysiognomies of that 2012). Representatives of the Scolopendridae family are vegetation varying from dense arboreal to arboreal- distributed on all continents, except Antarctica (Bonato shrub forms, intermixed with rock outcrops (rupicolous et al., 2016). These arthropods may exceed 250 mm in habitats) with hyperxerophilic vegetation (Lima and length and feed on a wide variety of prey (e.g., Lewis, Barbosa, 2014). 1981). The predation of an adult Gymnodactylus geckoides Naked-toed gecko individuals Gymnodactylus individual (43 mm SVL) by a specimen of Scolopendra geckoides (Spix, 1825) can reach a snout-vent length viridicornis (total length of 156 mm) was recorded (SVL) of 54.70 mm, are terrestrial, have day-night on 10 May of 2013, at 08:00 h, inside a falling trap in habits, feed on small arthropods, and, are native to an arboreal-shrub caatinga area in the RPPN Fazenda the Caatinga and Cerrado biomes of Brazil (Vanzolini Almas. The centipede was observed moving within a et al., 1980). This short communication reports on falling trap and with a quick movement of the front of a predation event on Gymnodactylus geckoides by its body it caught the lizard by the pelvic region, using Scolopendra viridicornis Newport, 1844 in an area of its forcipules to inject venom and grabbing it with the arboreal Caatinga vegetation in the semi-arid region of first six pairs of legs (Fig. 1A). Then, the entire body northeastern Brazil. of the reptile was trapped by 15 pairs of legs under the The predation event was observed during fieldwork arthropod’s body which began to devour the lizard by the gular region (Fig. 1B). The only predation record of G. geckoides by an arthropod was observed at the Grota do Angico Natural 1 Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal, Departamento de Monument, state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil, Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, in which a Dinoponera quadriceps (Kempf, 1971) Campus I, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58059-970, Brazil. specimen devoured an adult naked-toed gecko in a fall 2 Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba trap (Carvalho et al., 2012). The D. quadriceps giant ant 58429-500, Brazil. is an omnivorous insect (Lenhart et al., 2013) and an 3 Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, opportunistic predator of small lizards (see Ribeiro et Campus II, Areia, Paraíba 58397-000, Brazil. al., 2011; Carvalho et al., 2012). * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] In addition to the record presented in the present © 2021 by Herpetology Notes. Open Access by CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. study, only two other reports of lizard predation by 672 Washington Luiz Silva Vieira et al. bakeri (Ruthven, 1936) in an area of Venezuelan Amazon forest (Buurt and Dilrosun, 2017), and an adult Sibynophis triangularis (Taylor and Elbel, 1958) was devoured by a specimen of Scolopendra dawydoffi (Kronmüller, 2012) in the Sakaerat biosphere reserve, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand (Chiacchio et al., 2017). In addition to these records, we can highlight: a giant desert centipede (Scolopendra heros Girard, 1853) carrying a recently killed juvenile male Western longnose snake (Rhinocheilus lecontei Baird & Girard, 1853) in a locality in Brewster County, Texas (Easterla, 1975); a specimen of Scolopendra galapagoensis Bollman, 1889 preyed on juvenile of Aegialomys galapagoensis (Waterhouse, 1839) (= Oryzomys bauri) on Santa Fe Island, in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador (Clark, 1979),;attack by Scolopendra alternans Leach, 1815 on an adult of Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Carpenter and Gillingham, 1984); and, a predation record of Dendropsophus elegans (Wied-Neuwied, 1824) by a Scolopendridae (Otostigmus tibialis Brölemann, 1902) was observed at the private reserve “Parque do Zizo”, in the municipality of São Miguel Arcanjo, in the State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil (Forti et al., 2007). The only records of the S. viridicornis centipede preying on vertebrates are of attacks on bats in the Neotropical region (see Srbek-Araujo et al., 2012; Noronha et al., Figure 1. Giant centipede (Scolopendra viridicornis) predation 2015), suggesting that the centipede species is not only of a naked-toed gecko (Gymnodactylus geckoides) in a semi- a voracious predator of other invertebrates, but also arid environment in northeastern Brazil. A - capture moment of reptiles and mammals. Small lizards and snakes of the lizard by the centipede, and B - naked-toed gecko can be common prey for giant centipedes due to their totally subdued by the predator centipede and beginning of the ingestion process by the centipede. Photo by Washington L.S. great abundance in the environment and because they Vieira. share the same microhabitats (see Molinari et al., 2005; Noronha et al., 2015). Therefore, predation of vertebrates by arthropods is likely to be a common event in nature, giant centipede (Scolopendridae) were recorded in the although difficult to record (Toledo, 2005; Vieira et al., last five years. The first was on the island of Korčula 2012). Our observations reported here highlight the need (Croatia), in which an adult individual of Dalmatolacerta for more detailed studies on foraging behaviour and the oxycephala (Duméril and Bibron, 1839) was attacked consumption rate of vertebrates by giant centipedes in and devoured by a centipede Scolopendra cingulata different environments in the Neotropical region. (Latreille, 1829) in a rocky location on the island (Zimić and Jelić, 2014). The second record occurred at Acknowledgments. We thank the National Council for Scientific the Grota do Angico Natural Monument, municipality and Technological Development for financial support for long- term research activities focusing on the ecology of amphibians of Poço Redondo, Sergipe state, northeastern Brazil, in and reptiles (Universal – Edital MCT/CNPQ No. 14/2011 and No. which a giant centipede Scolopendra sp. preyed on an 14/2013) and professor Dr. Amazonas Chagas Jr. (Department of adult Spix’s Whiptail, Ameivula ocellifera (Moura et al., Biology and Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University 2015). of Mato Grosso, Brazil) for identifying the centipede species Giant centipedes also prey on small snakes, as in the recorded in our study. case where a Scolopendra gigantea (Linnaeus, 1758) individual was observed eating an adult Leptodeira Predation of naked-toed gecko by giant centipede in northeastern Brazil 673 References Moura, L.O.G., Machado, C.M.S., Silva, A.O., Conceição, B.M., Ferreira, A.S., Faria, R.G. (2015): Predation of Ameivulla Bonato, L., Chagas-Junior, A., Edgecombe, G.D., Lewis, J.G.E., ocellifera (Spix, 1825) (Squamata:Teiidae) by Scolopendra sp. Minelli, A., Pereira, L.A., et al. (2016): ChiloBase 2.0-A World (Linneaus, 1758) (Chilopoda: Scholopendridae) in the vegetation Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Available at: http:// of the Caatinga biome, northeastern Brazil. Herpetology Notes chilobase.biologia.unipd.it. Accessed on 9 September 2019. 8: 389–391. Borges, L.M., Rosa C.M., Dri, G.F., Bertani, R. (2016): Predation Noronha, J.C., Battirola, L.D., Chagas-Júnior, A., Carpanedo, R.S., of the snake Erythrolamprus almadensis (Wagler, 1824) by the Rodrigues, D.J. (2015): Predation of bat (Molossus molossus: tarantula Grammostola quirogai Montes De Oca, D’Elía & Molossidae) by the centipede Scolopendra viridicornis Pérez-Miles, 2016. Herpetology Notes 9: 321–322. (Scolopendridae) in Southern Amazonia. Acta Amazonica Buurt G.V., Dilrosun, H. (2017): Predation by an Amazonian Giant 45(3): 333–336. Centipede (Scolopendra gigantea) on a Baker’s Cat-eyed Snake Poulin, B., Lefebvre, G., Ibáñez, R., Jaramillo, C., Hernández, C., (Leptodeira bakeri). Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 24(2): Rand, A.S. (2001): Avian predation upon lizards and frogs in a 1. neotropical forest understory. Journal of Tropical Ecology 17: Carpenter, C.C., Gillingham, J.C. (1984): Giant centipede 21–40. (Scolopendra alternans) attacks marine toad (Bufo marinus). Ribeiro, L.B., Goglia, T.H.M., Freire, E.M.X. (2011): Caribbean Journal of Science 20: 71–72. Hemidactylus
Load more

Recommended publications
  • From Oklahoma Chris T
    44 New Geographic Distribution Records for Centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Oklahoma Chris T. McAllister Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 74745 Henry W. Robison 9717 Wild Mountain Drive, Sherwood, AR 72120 Matthew B. Connior Health and Natural Sciences, South Arkansas Community College, El Dorado, AR 71730 Since the seminal publication on specimens are the coauthors who are scolopendromorph centipedes by Shelley designated below by their initials. (2002), our knowledge of the centipede fauna Annotated List of Taxa of Oklahoma has increased significantly (McAllister et al. 2003, 2004, 2006). Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae However, there remain several distributional Scolopendra heros Girard – Woodward Co., gaps for many of these centipedes in the state. Boiling Springs State Park off Park Road 52 Here, we continue to help fill some of those (36.455402ºN, 99.291403ºW), 11 Feb. 2011, gaps with six new county records for four CTM (SNOMNH). Although expected species within three families. Additionally, in statewide, this large centipede had been an effort to aid in future research, we provide reported previously from 22 counties of the an updated distribution for all Oklahoma state (Shelley 2002; McAllister et al. 2003) scolopendromorphs. (Fig. 1) and several counties to the east in Between October 2009 and March 2013, we adjoining Arkansas (McAllister et al. 2010). followed techniques of McAllister et al. Scolopendra heros is the largest North (2003) in collecting centipedes from sites in American centipede with lengths exceeding six counties of the state, primarily from trails 200 mm (Sandefur 1998; Walls 2000). in State Parks, including those in Atoka, Scolopocryptopidae Blaine, Choctaw, Osage, Pushmataha, and Scolopocryptops rubiginosis L.
    [Show full text]
  • Exposure of Humans Or Animals to Sars-Cov-2 from Wild, Livestock, Companion and Aquatic Animals Qualitative Exposure Assessment
    ISSN 0254-6019 Exposure of humans or animals to SARS-CoV-2 from wild, livestock, companion and aquatic animals Qualitative exposure assessment FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH / PAPER 181 FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH / PAPER 181 Exposure of humans or animals to SARS-CoV-2 from wild, livestock, companion and aquatic animals Qualitative exposure assessment Authors Ihab El Masry, Sophie von Dobschuetz, Ludovic Plee, Fairouz Larfaoui, Zhen Yang, Junxia Song, Wantanee Kalpravidh, Keith Sumption Food and Agriculture Organization for the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy Dirk Pfeiffer City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China Sharon Calvin Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), Science Branch, Animal Health Risk Assessment Unit, Ottawa, Canada Helen Roberts Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), Equines, Pets and New and Emerging Diseases, Exotic Disease Control Team, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Alessio Lorusso Istituto Zooprofilattico dell’Abruzzo e Molise, Teramo, Italy Casey Barton-Behravesh Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), One Health Office, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, United States of America Zengren Zheng China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre (CAHEC), China Animal Health Risk Analysis Commission, Qingdao City, China Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2020 Required citation: El Masry, I., von Dobschuetz, S., Plee, L., Larfaoui, F., Yang, Z., Song, J., Pfeiffer, D., Calvin, S., Roberts, H., Lorusso, A., Barton-Behravesh, C., Zheng, Z., Kalpravidh, W. & Sumption, K. 2020. Exposure of humans or animals to SARS-CoV-2 from wild, livestock, companion and aquatic animals: Qualitative exposure assessment. FAO animal production and health, Paper 181.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 4 Issue 1B
    Captive & Field Herpetology Volume 4 Issue 1 2020 Volume 4 Issue 1 2020 ISSN - 2515-5725 Published by Captive & Field Herpetology Captive & Field Herpetology Volume 4 Issue1 2020 The Captive and Field Herpetological journal is an open access peer-reviewed online journal which aims to better understand herpetology by publishing observational notes both in and ex-situ. Natural history notes, breeding observations, husbandry notes and literature reviews are all examples of the articles featured within C&F Herpetological journals. Each issue will feature literature or book reviews in an effort to resurface past literature and ignite new research ideas. For upcoming issues we are particularly interested in [but also accept other] articles demonstrating: • Conflict and interactions between herpetofauna and humans, specifically venomous snakes • Herpetofauna behaviour in human-disturbed habitats • Unusual behaviour of captive animals • Predator - prey interactions • Species range expansions • Species documented in new locations • Field reports • Literature reviews of books and scientific literature For submission guidelines visit: www.captiveandfieldherpetology.com Or contact us via: [email protected] Front cover image: Timon lepidus, Portugal 2019, John Benjamin Owens Captive & Field Herpetology Volume 4 Issue1 2020 Editorial Team Editor John Benjamin Owens Bangor University [email protected] [email protected] Reviewers Dr James Hicks Berkshire College of Agriculture [email protected] JP Dunbar
    [Show full text]
  • On the Geographical Differentiation of Gymnodactylus Geckoides Spix, 1825 (Sauria, Gekkonidae): Speciation in the Brasilian Caatingas
    Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2004) 76(4): 663-698 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) ISSN 0001-3765 www.scielo.br/aabc On the geographical differentiation of Gymnodactylus geckoides Spix, 1825 (Sauria, Gekkonidae): speciation in the Brasilian caatingas PAULO EMILIO VANZOLINI* Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Cx. Postal 42694, 04299-970 São Paulo, SP, Brasil Manuscript received on October 31, 2003; accepted for publication on April 4, 2004. ABSTRACT The specific concept of G. geckoides was initially ascertained based on a topotypical sample from Salvador, Bahia. Geographic differentiation was studied through the analysis of two meristic characters (tubercles in a paramedian row and fourth toe lamellae) and color pattern of 327 specimens from 23 localities. It is shown that the population from the southernmost locality, Mucugê, is markedly divergent in all characters studied. A Holocene refuge model is proposed to explain the pattern. A decision about the rank to be attributed to the Mucugê population is deferred until more detailed sampling is effected and molecular methods are applied. Key words: speciation, Holocene refuges, lizards: ecology, lizards: systematics. INTRODUCTION Both the description and the figure are very good. The Gymnodactylus geckoides complex has one of The type locality, environs of the city of Bahia (the the most interesting distributions of all cis-Andean present Salvador), is satisfactorily explicit, and the lizards. It occurs in such diversified areas as the animal is still fairly common there. semi-arid caatingas of northeastern Brazil, the Cen- Fitzinger (1826: 48), in a rather confused note tral Brazilian cerrados, which are mesic open forma- on gekkonid systematics, placed geckoides in his tions, and the humid Atlantic coast.
    [Show full text]
  • INSECTA MUNDIA Journal of World Insect Systematics
    INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0573 A fourth account of centipede (Chilopoda) predation on bats T. Todd Lindley 3300 Teton Lane Norman, OK 73072 USA Jesús Molinari Departamento de Biología Universidad de Los Andes Mérida 5101 Venezuela Rowland M. Shelley Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996 USA Barry N. Steger 107 Saint James Street Borger, TX 79007 USA Date of Issue: August 25, 2017 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL T. Todd Lindley, Jesús Molinari, Rowland M. Shelley, and Barry N. Steger A fourth account of centipede (Chilopoda) predation on bats Insecta Mundi 0573: 1–4 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:53C2B8CA-DB7E-4921-94C5-0CA7A8F7A400 Published in 2017 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medical entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. Insecta Mundi publishes original research or discoveries in an inexpensive and timely manner, distributing them free via open access on the internet on the date of publication. Insecta Mundi is referenced or abstracted by several sources including the Zoological Record, CAB Ab- stracts, etc. Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, with completed manuscripts assigned an individual number. Manuscripts must be peer reviewed prior to submission, after which they are reviewed by the editorial board to ensure quality.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the Subspecies of Scolopendra Subspinipes Leach, 1815 with the New Description of the South Chinese Member of the Genu
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Spixiana, Zeitschrift für Zoologie Jahr/Year: 2012 Band/Volume: 035 Autor(en)/Author(s): Kronmüller Christian Artikel/Article: Review of the subspecies of Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, 1815 with the new description of the South Chinese member of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 named Scolopendra hainanum spec. nov. (Myriapoda, Chilopoda, Scolopendridae). 19-27 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de SPIXIANA 35 1 19-27 München, August 2012 ISSN 0341-8391 Review of the subspecies of Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, 1815 with the new description of the South Chinese member of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 named Scolopendra hainanum spec. nov. (Myriapoda, Chilopoda, Scolopendridae) Christian Kronmüller Kronmüller, C. 2012. Review of the subspecies of Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, 1815 with the new description of the South Chinese member of the genus Scolo- pendra Linnaeus, 1758 named Scolopendra hainanum spec. nov. (Myriapoda, Chilo- poda, Scolopendridae). Spixiana 35 (1): 19-27. To clarify their discrimination, the taxa of the Scolopendra subspinipes group, formerly treated as subspecies of this species, are reviewed. Scolopendra dehaani stat. revalid. and Scolopendra japonica stat. revalid. are reconfirmed at species level. Scolopendra subspinipes cingulatoides is raised to species level. This species is re- named to Scolopendra dawydoffi nom. nov. to avoid homonymy with Scolopendra cingulatoides Newport, 1844 which was placed in synonymy under Scolopendra cingulata Latreille, 1829 by Kohlrausch (1881). Scolopendra subspinipes piceoflava syn. nov. and Scolopendra subspinipes fulgurans syn. nov. are proposed as new synonyms of Scolopendra subspinipes, which is now without subspecies.
    [Show full text]
  • Linnaeus at Home
    NATURE-BASED ACTIVITIES FOR PARENTS LINNAEUS 1 AT HOME A GuiDE TO EXPLORING NATURE WITH CHILDREN Acknowledgements Written by Joe Burton Inspired by Carl Linnaeus With thanks to editors and reviewers: LINNAEUS Lyn Baber, Melissa Balzano, Jane Banham, Sarah Black, Isabelle Charmantier, Mark Chase, Maarten Christenhusz, Alex Davey, Gareth Dauley, AT HOME Zia Forrai, Jon Hale, Simon Hiscock, Alice ter Meulen, Lynn Parker, Elizabeth Rollinson, James Rosindell, Daryl Stenvoll-Wells, Ross Ziegelmeier Share your explorations @LinneanLearning #LinnaeusAtHome Facing page: Carl Linnaeus paper doll, illustrated in 1953. © Linnean Society of London 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrival system or trasmitted in any form or by any means without the prior consent of the copyright owner. www.linnean.org/learning “If you do not know Introduction the names of things, the knowledge of them is Who was Carl Linnaeus? Contents Pitfall traps 5 lost too” Carl Linnaeus was one of the most influential scientists in the world, - Carl Linnaeus A bust of ‘The Young Linnaeus’ by but you might not know a lot about him. Thanks to Linnaeus, we Bug hunting 9 Anthony Smith (2007). have a naming system for all species so that we can understand how different species are related and can start to learn about the origins Plant hunting 13 of life on Earth. Pond dipping 17 As a young man, Linnaeus would study the animals, plants, Bird feeders 21 minerals and habitats around him. By watching the natural world, he began to understand that all living things are adapted to their Squirrel feeders 25 environments and that they can be grouped together by their characteristics (like animals with backbones, or plants that produce Friendly spaces 29 spores).
    [Show full text]
  • Louisiana's Animal Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN)
    Louisiana's Animal Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) ‐ Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Animals ‐ 2020 MOLLUSKS Common Name Scientific Name G‐Rank S‐Rank Federal Status State Status Mucket Actinonaias ligamentina G5 S1 Rayed Creekshell Anodontoides radiatus G3 S2 Western Fanshell Cyprogenia aberti G2G3Q SH Butterfly Ellipsaria lineolata G4G5 S1 Elephant‐ear Elliptio crassidens G5 S3 Spike Elliptio dilatata G5 S2S3 Texas Pigtoe Fusconaia askewi G2G3 S3 Ebonyshell Fusconaia ebena G4G5 S3 Round Pearlshell Glebula rotundata G4G5 S4 Pink Mucket Lampsilis abrupta G2 S1 Endangered Endangered Plain Pocketbook Lampsilis cardium G5 S1 Southern Pocketbook Lampsilis ornata G5 S3 Sandbank Pocketbook Lampsilis satura G2 S2 Fatmucket Lampsilis siliquoidea G5 S2 White Heelsplitter Lasmigona complanata G5 S1 Black Sandshell Ligumia recta G4G5 S1 Louisiana Pearlshell Margaritifera hembeli G1 S1 Threatened Threatened Southern Hickorynut Obovaria jacksoniana G2 S1S2 Hickorynut Obovaria olivaria G4 S1 Alabama Hickorynut Obovaria unicolor G3 S1 Mississippi Pigtoe Pleurobema beadleianum G3 S2 Louisiana Pigtoe Pleurobema riddellii G1G2 S1S2 Pyramid Pigtoe Pleurobema rubrum G2G3 S2 Texas Heelsplitter Potamilus amphichaenus G1G2 SH Fat Pocketbook Potamilus capax G2 S1 Endangered Endangered Inflated Heelsplitter Potamilus inflatus G1G2Q S1 Threatened Threatened Ouachita Kidneyshell Ptychobranchus occidentalis G3G4 S1 Rabbitsfoot Quadrula cylindrica G3G4 S1 Threatened Threatened Monkeyface Quadrula metanevra G4 S1 Southern Creekmussel Strophitus subvexus
    [Show full text]
  • Exposure of Humans Or Animals to Sars-Cov-2 from Wild, Livestock, Companion and Aquatic Animals Qualitative Exposure Assessment
    ISSN 0254-6019 Exposure of humans or animals to SARS-CoV-2 from wild, livestock, companion and aquatic animals Qualitative exposure assessment FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH / PAPER 181 FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH / PAPER 181 Exposure of humans or animals to SARS-CoV-2 from wild, livestock, companion and aquatic animals Qualitative exposure assessment Authors Ihab El Masry, Sophie von Dobschuetz, Ludovic Plee, Fairouz Larfaoui, Zhen Yang, Junxia Song, Wantanee Kalpravidh, Keith Sumption Food and Agriculture Organization for the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy Dirk Pfeiffer City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China Sharon Calvin Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), Science Branch, Animal Health Risk Assessment Unit, Ottawa, Canada Helen Roberts Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), Equines, Pets and New and Emerging Diseases, Exotic Disease Control Team, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Alessio Lorusso Istituto Zooprofilattico dell’Abruzzo e Molise, Teramo, Italy Casey Barton-Behravesh Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), One Health Office, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, United States of America Zengren Zheng China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre (CAHEC), China Animal Health Risk Analysis Commission, Qingdao City, China Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2020 Required citation: El Masry, I., von Dobschuetz, S., Plee, L., Larfaoui, F., Yang, Z., Song, J., Pfeiffer, D., Calvin, S., Roberts, H., Lorusso, A., Barton-Behravesh, C., Zheng, Z., Kalpravidh, W. & Sumption, K. 2020. Exposure of humans or animals to SARS-CoV-2 from wild, livestock, companion and aquatic animals: Qualitative exposure assessment. FAO animal production and health, Paper 181.
    [Show full text]
  • Chilopoda; Scolopendridae
    Bijdragen tot dl Dierkunde, 55 (1): 125-130 — 1985 Possible species isolation mechanisms in some scolopendrid centipedes (Chilopoda; Scolopendridae) by J.G.E. Lewis Taunton School, Taunton, Somerset TA2 6AD, England the femur of Abstract are seen on Eupolybothrus spp. Various other lithobiid secondary sexual sexual characters in dis- Secondary centipedes are briefly characters have been reviewed by Lewis (1981). cussed and it is that the the suggested spines on prefemora of the described Differences type above are of the last pair of legs in some scolopendrids are used in presumably associated with mating behaviour specific discrimination prior to mating. The hypothesis is in which male and female head discussed with reference of the come together to Scolopendra spp. eastern Mediterranean,north-east Africa and Arabia. to tail, and the antennae and the last pair of legs Where species of Scolopendra with identical The virtually are tapped. morphological adaptations in spinulation on the last legs are sympatric, a large size dif- the males would serve for the femalesto identify ference exists between them. different and sex. It is that in where the species suggested some genera prefemoral have been inhibited. In spines are absent, speciation may the where be absent genus Otostigmus spines may or spine similar in number of other patterns are very a species DIMORPHISM IN SCOLOPENDRIDAE secondary sexual characters have developed. Sexual is also in dimorphism seen the scolopen- INTRODUCTION dromorph family Scolopendridae. In Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus the dorsal side of the Centipedes not infrequently exhibit secondary prefemur, femur and sometimes the tibiaof the last of is sexual characters.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database
    Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica.
    [Show full text]
  • Orb-Weaving Spider, Argiope Savignyi (Araneidae), Predation on the Proboscis Bat Rhynchonycteris Naso (Emballonuridae)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by KU ScholarWorks 282 NOTES Caribbean Journal of Science, Vol. 43, No. 2, 282-284, 2007 Copyright 2007 College of Arts and Sciences University of Puerto Rico, Mayagu¨ ez Orb-weaving Spider, Argiope savignyi (Araneidae), Predation on the Proboscis Bat Rhynchonycteris naso (Emballonuridae) ROBERT M. TIMM1 AND MAURICIO LOSILLA2 1Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Re- search Center & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7561, USA; 2Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica. Corresponding au- thor: [email protected] ABSTRACT.—We report an observation of an orb- weaving spider (Argiope savignyi; Araneidae) cap- turing and feeding on a proboscis bat (Rhynchonyc- teris naso; Emballonuridae) at the La Selva Biological Station in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. This observation and others suggest that spiders prey upon small bats more frequently than has been noted previously, and that invertebrates should now be considered as regular predators on small bats. KEYWORDS.—Argiope, Chiroptera, Costa Rica, preda- tion, Rhynchonycteris, sac-winged bat Bats are preyed upon by a wide range of vertebrate predators but there are few re- cords of invertebrate predators. Gillette and Kimbrough (1970) listed five inverte- brate groups as potential predators— American cockroaches (Pariplaneta america- nus), Australian cockroaches (Pariplaneta australis), driver ants, scorpions, and large spiders. Molinari et al. (2005) documented predation on three species of bats by giant centipedes (Scolopendra gigantea) in a Ven- ms. received Aug. 29, 2006; accepted April 23, 2007 NOTES 283 ezuelan cave; the centipedes killed and consumed adult bats that were captured while they roosted on the ceiling of the cave.
    [Show full text]