Editorial Spring 2017
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Volume 4 Issue 1B
Captive & Field Herpetology Volume 4 Issue 1 2020 Volume 4 Issue 1 2020 ISSN - 2515-5725 Published by Captive & Field Herpetology Captive & Field Herpetology Volume 4 Issue1 2020 The Captive and Field Herpetological journal is an open access peer-reviewed online journal which aims to better understand herpetology by publishing observational notes both in and ex-situ. Natural history notes, breeding observations, husbandry notes and literature reviews are all examples of the articles featured within C&F Herpetological journals. Each issue will feature literature or book reviews in an effort to resurface past literature and ignite new research ideas. For upcoming issues we are particularly interested in [but also accept other] articles demonstrating: • Conflict and interactions between herpetofauna and humans, specifically venomous snakes • Herpetofauna behaviour in human-disturbed habitats • Unusual behaviour of captive animals • Predator - prey interactions • Species range expansions • Species documented in new locations • Field reports • Literature reviews of books and scientific literature For submission guidelines visit: www.captiveandfieldherpetology.com Or contact us via: [email protected] Front cover image: Timon lepidus, Portugal 2019, John Benjamin Owens Captive & Field Herpetology Volume 4 Issue1 2020 Editorial Team Editor John Benjamin Owens Bangor University [email protected] [email protected] Reviewers Dr James Hicks Berkshire College of Agriculture [email protected] JP Dunbar -
Review of the Subspecies of Scolopendra Subspinipes Leach, 1815 with the New Description of the South Chinese Member of the Genu
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Spixiana, Zeitschrift für Zoologie Jahr/Year: 2012 Band/Volume: 035 Autor(en)/Author(s): Kronmüller Christian Artikel/Article: Review of the subspecies of Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, 1815 with the new description of the South Chinese member of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 named Scolopendra hainanum spec. nov. (Myriapoda, Chilopoda, Scolopendridae). 19-27 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de SPIXIANA 35 1 19-27 München, August 2012 ISSN 0341-8391 Review of the subspecies of Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, 1815 with the new description of the South Chinese member of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 named Scolopendra hainanum spec. nov. (Myriapoda, Chilopoda, Scolopendridae) Christian Kronmüller Kronmüller, C. 2012. Review of the subspecies of Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, 1815 with the new description of the South Chinese member of the genus Scolo- pendra Linnaeus, 1758 named Scolopendra hainanum spec. nov. (Myriapoda, Chilo- poda, Scolopendridae). Spixiana 35 (1): 19-27. To clarify their discrimination, the taxa of the Scolopendra subspinipes group, formerly treated as subspecies of this species, are reviewed. Scolopendra dehaani stat. revalid. and Scolopendra japonica stat. revalid. are reconfirmed at species level. Scolopendra subspinipes cingulatoides is raised to species level. This species is re- named to Scolopendra dawydoffi nom. nov. to avoid homonymy with Scolopendra cingulatoides Newport, 1844 which was placed in synonymy under Scolopendra cingulata Latreille, 1829 by Kohlrausch (1881). Scolopendra subspinipes piceoflava syn. nov. and Scolopendra subspinipes fulgurans syn. nov. are proposed as new synonyms of Scolopendra subspinipes, which is now without subspecies. -
Louisiana's Animal Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN)
Louisiana's Animal Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) ‐ Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Animals ‐ 2020 MOLLUSKS Common Name Scientific Name G‐Rank S‐Rank Federal Status State Status Mucket Actinonaias ligamentina G5 S1 Rayed Creekshell Anodontoides radiatus G3 S2 Western Fanshell Cyprogenia aberti G2G3Q SH Butterfly Ellipsaria lineolata G4G5 S1 Elephant‐ear Elliptio crassidens G5 S3 Spike Elliptio dilatata G5 S2S3 Texas Pigtoe Fusconaia askewi G2G3 S3 Ebonyshell Fusconaia ebena G4G5 S3 Round Pearlshell Glebula rotundata G4G5 S4 Pink Mucket Lampsilis abrupta G2 S1 Endangered Endangered Plain Pocketbook Lampsilis cardium G5 S1 Southern Pocketbook Lampsilis ornata G5 S3 Sandbank Pocketbook Lampsilis satura G2 S2 Fatmucket Lampsilis siliquoidea G5 S2 White Heelsplitter Lasmigona complanata G5 S1 Black Sandshell Ligumia recta G4G5 S1 Louisiana Pearlshell Margaritifera hembeli G1 S1 Threatened Threatened Southern Hickorynut Obovaria jacksoniana G2 S1S2 Hickorynut Obovaria olivaria G4 S1 Alabama Hickorynut Obovaria unicolor G3 S1 Mississippi Pigtoe Pleurobema beadleianum G3 S2 Louisiana Pigtoe Pleurobema riddellii G1G2 S1S2 Pyramid Pigtoe Pleurobema rubrum G2G3 S2 Texas Heelsplitter Potamilus amphichaenus G1G2 SH Fat Pocketbook Potamilus capax G2 S1 Endangered Endangered Inflated Heelsplitter Potamilus inflatus G1G2Q S1 Threatened Threatened Ouachita Kidneyshell Ptychobranchus occidentalis G3G4 S1 Rabbitsfoot Quadrula cylindrica G3G4 S1 Threatened Threatened Monkeyface Quadrula metanevra G4 S1 Southern Creekmussel Strophitus subvexus -
Chilopoda; Scolopendridae
Bijdragen tot dl Dierkunde, 55 (1): 125-130 — 1985 Possible species isolation mechanisms in some scolopendrid centipedes (Chilopoda; Scolopendridae) by J.G.E. Lewis Taunton School, Taunton, Somerset TA2 6AD, England the femur of Abstract are seen on Eupolybothrus spp. Various other lithobiid secondary sexual sexual characters in dis- Secondary centipedes are briefly characters have been reviewed by Lewis (1981). cussed and it is that the the suggested spines on prefemora of the described Differences type above are of the last pair of legs in some scolopendrids are used in presumably associated with mating behaviour specific discrimination prior to mating. The hypothesis is in which male and female head discussed with reference of the come together to Scolopendra spp. eastern Mediterranean,north-east Africa and Arabia. to tail, and the antennae and the last pair of legs Where species of Scolopendra with identical The virtually are tapped. morphological adaptations in spinulation on the last legs are sympatric, a large size dif- the males would serve for the femalesto identify ference exists between them. different and sex. It is that in where the species suggested some genera prefemoral have been inhibited. In spines are absent, speciation may the where be absent genus Otostigmus spines may or spine similar in number of other patterns are very a species DIMORPHISM IN SCOLOPENDRIDAE secondary sexual characters have developed. Sexual is also in dimorphism seen the scolopen- INTRODUCTION dromorph family Scolopendridae. In Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus the dorsal side of the Centipedes not infrequently exhibit secondary prefemur, femur and sometimes the tibiaof the last of is sexual characters. -
Morphology, Histology and Histochemistry of the Venom Apparatus of the Centipede, Scolopendra Valida (Chilopoda, Scolopendridae)
Int. J. Morphol., 28(1):19-25, 2010. Morphology, Histology and Histochemistry of the Venom Apparatus of the Centipede, Scolopendra valida (Chilopoda, Scolopendridae) Morfología, Histología e Histoquímica del Aparato Venenoso del Ciempiés, Scolopendra valida (Chilopoda, Scolopendridae) Bashir M. Jarrar JARRAR, B. M. Morphology, histology and histochemistry of the venom apparatus of the centipede, Scolopendra valida ( Chilopoda, Scolopendridae). Int. J. Morphol., 28(1):19-25, 2010. SUMMARY: Morphological, histological and histochemical characterizations of the venom apparatus of the centapede, S. valida have been investigated. The venom apparatus of Scolopendra valida consists of a pair of maxillipedes and venom glands situated anteriorly in the prosoma on either side of the first segment of the body. Each venom gland is continuous with a hollow tubular claw possessing a sharp tip and subterminal pore located on the outer curvature. The glandular epithelium is folded and consists of a mass of secretory epithelium, covered by a sheath of striated muscles. The secretory epithelium consists of high columnar venom-producing cells having dense cytoplasmic venom granules. The glandular canal lacks musculature and is lined with chitinous internal layer and simple cuboidal epithelium. The histochemical results indicate that the venom-producing cells of both glands elaborate glycosaminoglycan, acid mucosubstances, certain amino acids and proteins, but are devoid of glycogen. The structure and secretions of centipede venom glands are discussed within the context of the present results. KEY WORDS: Scolopendra valida; Venom apparatus; Microanatomy; Centapede; Saudi Arabia. INTRODUCTION Centipedes are distributed widely, especially in warm, centipedes have been reported to cause constitutional and temperate and tropical region (Norris, 1999; Lewis, 1981, systemic symptoms including: severe pain, local pruritus, 1996). -
Evolution of Centipede Venoms Under Morphological Constraint
Production and packaging of a biological arsenal: Evolution of centipede venoms under morphological constraint Eivind A. B. Undheima,b, Brett R. Hamiltonc,d, Nyoman D. Kurniawanb, Greg Bowlayc, Bronwen W. Cribbe, David J. Merritte, Bryan G. Frye, Glenn F. Kinga,1, and Deon J. Venterc,d,f,1 aInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, bCentre for Advanced Imaging, eSchool of Biological Sciences, fSchool of Medicine, and dMater Research Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; and cPathology Department, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia Edited by Jerrold Meinwald, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and approved February 18, 2015 (received for review December 16, 2014) Venom represents one of the most extreme manifestations of (11). Similarly, the evolution of prey constriction in snakes has a chemical arms race. Venoms are complex biochemical arsenals, led to a reduction in, or secondary loss of, venom systems despite often containing hundreds to thousands of unique protein toxins. these species still feeding on formidable prey (12–15). However, Despite their utility for prey capture, venoms are energetically in centipedes (Chilopoda), which represent one of the oldest yet expensive commodities, and consequently it is hypothesized that least-studied venomous lineages on the planet, this inverse re- venom complexity is inversely related to the capacity of a venom- lationship between venom complexity and physical subdual of ous animal to physically subdue prey. Centipedes, one of the prey appears to be absent. oldest yet least-studied venomous lineages, appear to defy this There are ∼3,300 extant centipede species, divided across rule. Although scutigeromorph centipedes produce less complex five orders (16). -
Spider and Scorpion Case
Spider and Scorpion case Black widow spider (Lactrodectus hesperus) Black widows are notorious spiders identified by the colored, hourglass-shaped mark on their abdomens. Several species answer to the name, and they are found in temperate regions around the world. This spider's bite is much feared because its venom is reported to be 15 times stronger than a rattlesnake's. In humans, bites produce muscle aches, nausea, and a paralysis of the diaphragm that can make breathing difficult; however, contrary to popular belief, most people who are bitten suffer no serious damage—let alone death. But bites can be fatal—usually to small children, the elderly, or the infirm. Fortunately, fatalities are fairly rare; the spiders are nonaggressive and bite only in self-defense, such as when someone accidentally sits on them. These spiders spin large webs in which females suspend a cocoon with hundreds of eggs. Spiderlings disperse soon after they leave their eggs, but the web remains. Black widow spiders also use their webs to ensnare their prey, which consists of flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers, beetles, and caterpillars. Black widows are comb- footed spiders, which means they have bristles on their hind legs that they use to cover their prey with silk once it has been trapped. To feed, black widows puncture their insect prey with their fangs and administer digestive enzymes to the corpses. By using these enzymes, and their gnashing fangs, the spiders liquefy their prey's bodies and suck up the resulting fluid. Giant desert hairy scorpion (Hadrurus arizonensis) Hadrurus arizonensis is distributed throughout the Sonora and Mojave deserts. -
The Ventral Nerve Cord of Lithobius Forficatus (Lithobiomorpha): Morphology, Neuroanatomy, and Individually Identifiable Neurons
76 (3): 377 – 394 11.12.2018 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2018. A comparative analysis of the ventral nerve cord of Lithobius forficatus (Lithobiomorpha): morphology, neuroanatomy, and individually identifiable neurons Vanessa Schendel, Matthes Kenning & Andy Sombke* University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, Soldmannstrasse 23, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Vanessa Schendel [[email protected]]; Matthes Kenning [[email protected]]; Andy Sombke * [andy. [email protected]] — * Corresponding author Accepted 19.iv.2018. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropod-systematics on 27.xi.2018. Editors in charge: Markus Koch & Klaus-Dieter Klass Abstract. In light of competing hypotheses on arthropod phylogeny, independent data are needed in addition to traditional morphology and modern molecular approaches. One promising approach involves comparisons of structure and development of the nervous system. In addition to arthropod brain and ventral nerve cord morphology and anatomy, individually identifiable neurons (IINs) provide new charac- ter sets for comparative neurophylogenetic analyses. However, very few species and transmitter systems have been investigated, and still fewer species of centipedes have been included in such analyses. In a multi-methodological approach, we analyze the ventral nerve cord of the centipede Lithobius forficatus using classical histology, X-ray micro-computed tomography and immunohistochemical experiments, combined with confocal laser-scanning microscopy to characterize walking leg ganglia and identify IINs using various neurotransmitters. In addition to the subesophageal ganglion, the ventral nerve cord of L. forficatus is composed of the forcipular ganglion, 15 well-separated walking leg ganglia, each associated with eight pairs of nerves, and the fused terminal ganglion. Within the medially fused hemiganglia, distinct neuropilar condensations are located in the ventral-most domain. -
Insecta Mundi a Journal of World Insect Systematics 0282
INSECTA A Journal of World Insect Systematics MUNDI 0282 An annotated list of the centipedes (Chilopoda) in the National Collection of Arachnids, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Addendum: Scutigeromorpha and Scolopendromorpha Fabio Germán Cupul-Magaña Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara Av. Universidad de Guadalajara No. 203, Delegación Ixtapa, C.P. 48280, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México [email protected] Date of Issue: February 28, 2013 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Fabio Germán Cupul-Magaña An annotated list of the centipedes (Chilopoda) in the National Collection of Arach- nids, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Addendum: Scutigeromorpha and Scolopendromorpha Insecta Mundi 0282: 1–10 ZooBank Registered urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0717E921-18F7-414B-A7E6-2D697FBCF3B2 Published in 2013 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://www.centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medical entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. In- secta Mundi publishes original research or discoveries in an inexpensive and timely manner, distributing them free via open access on the internet on the date of publication. Insecta Mundi is referenced or abstracted by several sources including the Zoological Record, CAB Abstracts, etc. Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, with completed manuscripts assigned an individual number. -
Siberian Weasel
A peer-reviewed open-access journal Subterranean Biology 32: 111–117 (2019) Mustela sibirica predatism on bats 111 doi: 10.3897/subtbiol.32.46617 RESEARCH ARTICLE Subterranean Published by http://subtbiol.pensoft.net The International Society Biology for Subterranean Biology Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica Pallas, 1773 predatism on bats during winter period Alexander Zhigalin1 1 National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia Corresponding author: Alexander Zhigalin ([email protected]) Academic editor: O.T. Moldovan | Received 24 September 2019 | Accepted 25 November 2019 | Published 6 December 2019 http://zoobank.org/97E107F1-D8D9-4D4C-B24F-5FBD24EE6D5C Citation: Zhigalin A (2019) Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica Pallas, 1773 predatism on bats during winter period. Subterranean Biology 32: 111–117. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.46617 Abstract This work presents the results of a three-year natural environment experiment in a cave in Barsukovskaya, Siberia), aimed at assessing the possible impact of mammals preying on a wintering group of bats. The average consumed biomass amount per year was about 2108 g and the estimated number of prey animals was 214, which is about 20% of the maximum number of animals observed. The biomass consumed poorly correlates with the number of animals in the cave. The proportion of the various species remaining in the excrement of predators is strongly determined by the number of these species in the accessible part of the cave. The amount of excrement indicates the regular predatism on bats and, therefore, the presence of specific behavioural adaptation in Mustela sibirica. Keywords cave, Siberia, Vespertilionidae, Altai-Sayan Introduction The majority of works devoted to predatism on bats note the random nature of this phenomenon (Ryberg 1947; Dwyer 1964; Gillette and Kimbrough 1970; Taylor 1964; Fenton and Fleming 1976; Sparks et al. -
Scolopendra Gigantea (Giant Centipede)
UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology Scolopendra gigantea (Giant Centipede) Order: Scolopendromorpha (Tropical Centipedes) Class: Chilpoda (Centipedes) Phylum: Arthropoda (Arthropods) Fig. 1. Giant centipede, Scolopendra gigantea. [http://eol.org/data_objects/31474810, downloaded 2 February 2017] TRAITS. Scolopendra gigantea is the world’s largest species of tropical centipede, with a documented length of up to about 30cm (Shelley and Kiser, 2000). They have flattened and unequally segmented bodies, separated into a head and trunk with lateral legs; covered in a non- waxy exoskeleton (Fig. 1). Coloration: the head ranges from dark brown to reddish-brown and the legs are olive-green with yellow claws (Khanna and Yadow, 1998). Each segment of the trunk has one pair of legs, of an odd number; 21 or 23 pairs (Animal Diversity, 2014). There are two modified pairs of legs, one pair at the terminal segment are long and antennae-like (anal antennae), for sensory function, and the other pair are the forcipules, located behind the head, modified for venom delivery from a poison gland in predation and defence (UTIA, 2017). S. gigantea displays little sexual dimorphism in the segment shape and gonopores (genital pores), however, the females may have more segments (Encyclopedia of Life, 2011). UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology DISTRIBUTION. Found in the north parts of Colombia and Venezuela, and the islands of Margarita, Trinidad, Curacao, and Aruba (Fig. 2) (Shelley and Kiser, 2000). HABITAT AND ACTIVITY. Scolopendra gigantea is a neotropical arthropod with a non- waxy, impermeable exoskeleton (Cloudsley-Thompson, 1958). -
By the Centipede Scolopendra Viridicornis (Scolopendridae) in Southern Amazonia
ACTA AMAZONICA http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201404083 Predation of bat (Molossus molossus: Molossidae) by the centipede Scolopendra viridicornis (Scolopendridae) in Southern Amazonia Janaina da Costa de NORONHA1,2*, Leandro Dênis BATTIROLA1,3, Amazonas CHAGAS JÚNIOR4, Robson Moreira de MIRANDA1, Rainiellen de Sá CARPANEDO1, Domingos de Jesus RODRIGUES1,2,3 1 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Campus Sinop, Acervo Biológico da Amazônia Meridional, Av. Alexandre Ferronato, nº 1200, Setor Industrial, CEP: 78557-267, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil. 2 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Campus Cuiabá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, nº 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, CEP: 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil. 3 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Campus Sinop, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Av. Alexandre Ferronato, nº 1200, Setor Industrial, CEP: 78557-267, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil. 4 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Campus Cuiabá, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, nº 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, CEP: 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil. * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Centipedes are opportunistic carnivore predators, and large species can feed on a wide variety of vertebrates, including bats. The aim of this study was to report the third record of bat predation by centipedes worldwide, the first record in the Amazon region, while covering aspects of foraging, capture and handling of prey. We observed the occurence in a fortuitous encounter at Cristalino State Park, located in the Amazon region of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The attack took place in a small wooden structure, at about three meters from the floor, and was observed for 20 minutes.