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NÁRODNOSTNÉ MENŠINY MENŠINY – ZOZNÁMME SA – ZOZNÁMME SA Kolektív Autorov NÁRODNOSTNÉ MENŠINY – ZOZNÁMME SA

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NÁRODNOSTNÉ MENŠINY MENŠINY – ZOZNÁMME SA – ZOZNÁMME SA Kolektív Autorov NÁRODNOSTNÉ MENŠINY – ZOZNÁMME SA NÁRODNOSTNÉ NÁRODNOSTNÉ MENŠINY MENŠINY – ZOZNÁMME SA – ZOZNÁMME SA Kolektív autorov NÁRODNOSTNÉ MENŠINY – ZOZNÁMME SA DOBRÝ DEŇ DOBRÝ DEŇ ДОБЪР ДЕН ДОБЪР ДЕН DOBRÝ DEN DOBRÝ DEN DOBRO DAN DOBRO DAN JÓ NAPOT ДОБРИЙ ДЕНЬ JÓ NAPOT GUTEN TAG GUTEN TAG DZIEŃ DOBRY DZIEŃ DOBRY LAČHO DŽIVES LAČHO ĎIVES ДОБРЫЙ ДЕНЬ ŠALOM ДОБРЫЙ ДЕНЬ ЗДРАВСТВУЙТЕ ДОБРЫЙ ДЕНЬ ДОБАР ДАН ЗДРАВСТВУЙТЕ - ДОБРЫЙ ДЕНЬ ДОБРИЙ ДЕНЬ ДОБАР ДАН ŠALOM 2020 2020 NÁRODNOSTNÉ MENŠINY – ZOZNÁMME SA Kolektív autorov: prof. PhDr. Ján Botík, DrSc., Mgr. Emília Hrušíková, PhDr. Hana Zelinová, Jana Muráňová, PhDr. Jozef Klačka, Mgr. Anita Radi, Mgr. Mária Recktenwald, RNDr. Ondrej Pöss, PhD., Mgr. Dariusz Żuk-Olszewski, doc. Viktoria Liashuk, CSc., doc. PhDr. Anna Plišková, PhD., Mgr. Agnes Horváthová, PhDr. Samuel Jovankovič, Stane Ribič, doc. PaedDr. Jozef Vook, CSc., prof. PhDr. Pavol Mešťan, DrSc. Lektori: PhDr. Jozef Facuna, PhD., Ing. Ján Hero, Zuzana Kumanová, PhD., PaedDr. Gyöngyi Ledneczká, PhD., prof. PhDr. René Lužica, ArtD., PhDr. Arne Mann, CSc., PaedDr. Lívia Tímárová Recenzenti: prof. PhDr. Ján Botík, DrSc., prof. Dr. Paul Robert Magocsi, PhDr. Daniela Kodajová, PhD., doc. Peter Šoltés, PhD. – Historický ústav SAV Mgr. ĽubicaVoľanská, PhD., PhDr. Monika Vrzguľová, CSc.– Ústav etnológie SAV Jazyková korektúra: Mgr. Božena Mizerová, Mgr. Alžbeta Palacková, PhDr. Janka Píšová, PhD. Grafický dizajn a obálka: Gabriela Némethová, Roman Štefanka Vydal: Štátny pedagogický ústav, P. O. BOX 26, Pluhová 8, 830 00 Bratislava Počet strán: 132 Publikácia Národnostné menšiny – zoznámme sa reprezentuje názory autorov jednotlivých kapitol tejto publikácie. Štátny pedagogický ústav nezodpovedá za názory prezentované v tejto publikácii. Autorské práva sú vyhradené a vykonáva ich vydavateľ. Akékoľvek rozmnožovanie časti alebo celku diela akýmkoľvek spôsobom, v slovenskom, ale aj v inom jazyku bez písomného súhlasu vydavateľa je zakázané. © Štátny pedagogický ústav Bratislava, 2020 ISBN 978-80-8118-208-2 OBSAH SLOVO NA ÚVOD... Slovo na úvod ........................................................3 Publikácia „Národnostné menšiny – zoznámme sa“ je doplnkovým učebným materiá- lom pre pedagogických zamestnancov v základných školách. Chce pomôcť smerovať žia- Multietnické Slovensko a jeho kultúrna mnohotvárnosť kov k hlbšiemu spoznávaniu dejín Slovenska aj ako mozaiky národností a kultúr. Môže (Ján Botík)...........................................................5 poslúžiť pri výklade aktuálneho spoločenského diania organizovaného na národnost- Bulharská národnostná menšina nom princípe. (Emília Hrušíková)...................................................11 Publikácia nemá ambície podať kompletné informácie a zodpovedať všetky otázky z histórie obyvateľov dnešného Slovenska. Dôvodom je obsiahlosť a zložitosť problema- Česká a moravská národnostná menšina (Hana Zelinová, Jana Muráňová) .......................................21 tiky, nehovoriac o tom, že ako jednotlivé národy odpradávna bojovali o svoje prežitie obsadzovaním území, sebauvedomovaním a úsilím o svojbytnosť, tak sa kontroverzne Chorvátska národnostná menšina vykladalo právo či krivda. Zámer publikácie bol jednoznačný: v limitovanom rozsahu (Jozef Klačka) .......................................................31 predostrieť zdokumentované dejinné súvislosti života národnostných menšín na území Maďarská národnostná menšina dnešného Slovenska, aby toto poznanie viedlo k vzájomnému pochopeniu, rešpektova- (Anita Radi).........................................................41 niu osobitostí a následne k tak veľmi potrebnej jednote. Publikácia ozrejmuje, kedy, odkiaľ a prečo príslušníci jednotlivých národnostných menšín na naše územie prišli, Nemecká národnostná menšina ktoré dôležité či zaujímavé udalosti sa zapísali do ich dejín a následne aj do dejín Slo- (Mária Recktenwald, Ondrej Pöss) ......................................51 venska a Slovákov. Približuje tradície a zvyky charakterizujúce ich spoločenskú organi- Poľská národnostná menšina záciu, kultúru a náboženstvo, pomyselným časovým oblúkom spája dávne doby so (Dariusz Žuk-Olszewski) ..............................................61 súčasnosťou a ukazuje cestu, ktorou národnostné menšiny prešli. Použité informácie podáva prehľadne so snahou poskytnúť dostatočný priestor na ich Ruská národnostná menšina (Viktória Liashuk)....................................................71 uchopenie. Všeobecnejšia a prierezová úvodná časť by mohla u žiakov prebudiť zveda- vosť a záujem o tému. Osudy trinástich národnostných menšín žijúcich na území dne- Rusínska národnostná menšina šného Slovenska sú spracované do samostatných kapitol, s výnimkou zaujímavej doho- (Anna Plišková)......................................................81 dy medzi českou a moravskou menšinou o spoločnom postupe. Preto je v obsahu Rómska národnostná menšina namiesto trinástich kapitol dvanásť. Každú kapitolu tvoria tri väčšie časti: Z histórie..., (Agnes Horváthová) ..................................................91 Zo súčasnosti a Zvyky a tradície. Najpodstatnejšie informácie ponúkajú hlavné výkla- dové texty. Inšpiratívne historické doplnky, rôzne pramene, povesti alebo legendy sú Srbská národnostná menšina v časti O čom rozprávajú... Životné osudy vplyvných osobností približuje Malá galéria (Samuel Jovankovič, Stane Ribič)......................................101 osobností. Význam cudzích, menej známych slov a pojmov vysvetľuje rubrika Do slov- Ukrajinská národnostná menšina níčka. Publikáciu spestrujú motivačné podnety, zaujímavosti a perličky v Bude vás zau- (Jozef Vook) ........................................................111 jímať. Zdrojom ďalších historických informácií sú rôzne doplňujúce pramene, mapky a portréty, ktoré nemajú iba ilustračnú funkciu. Židovská národnostná menšina (Pavol Mešťan) .....................................................121 S publikáciou o národnostných menšinách žijúcich na území dnešného Slovenska sa dá pracovať rôzne: vyberať si učivo na spracovanie tém bez ohľadu na poradie, alebo postupovať po jednotlivých stranách, či presnejšie po dvojstranách a vnímať tak životné osudy národnostných menšín na Slovensku ako jeden spoločný príbeh. 3 OBSAH SLOVO NA ÚVOD... Slovo na úvod ........................................................3 Publikácia „Národnostné menšiny – zoznámme sa“ je doplnkovým učebným materiá- lom pre pedagogických zamestnancov v základných školách. Chce pomôcť smerovať žia- Multietnické Slovensko a jeho kultúrna mnohotvárnosť kov k hlbšiemu spoznávaniu dejín Slovenska aj ako mozaiky národností a kultúr. Môže (Ján Botík)...........................................................5 poslúžiť pri výklade aktuálneho spoločenského diania organizovaného na národnost- Bulharská národnostná menšina nom princípe. (Emília Hrušíková)...................................................11 Publikácia nemá ambície podať kompletné informácie a zodpovedať všetky otázky z histórie obyvateľov dnešného Slovenska. Dôvodom je obsiahlosť a zložitosť problema- Česká a moravská národnostná menšina (Hana Zelinová, Jana Muráňová).......................................21 tiky, nehovoriac o tom, že ako jednotlivé národy odpradávna bojovali o svoje prežitie obsadzovaním území, sebauvedomovaním a úsilím o svojbytnosť, tak sa kontroverzne Chorvátska národnostná menšina vykladalo právo či krivda. Zámer publikácie bol jednoznačný: v limitovanom rozsahu (Jozef Klačka).......................................................31 predostrieť zdokumentované dejinné súvislosti života národnostných menšín na území Maďarská národnostná menšina dnešného Slovenska, aby toto poznanie viedlo k vzájomnému pochopeniu, rešpektova- (Anita Radi).........................................................41 niu osobitostí a následne k tak veľmi potrebnej jednote. Publikácia ozrejmuje, kedy, odkiaľ a prečo príslušníci jednotlivých národnostných menšín na naše územie prišli, Nemecká národnostná menšina ktoré dôležité či zaujímavé udalosti sa zapísali do ich dejín a následne aj do dejín Slo- (Mária Recktenwald, Ondrej Pöss)......................................51 venska a Slovákov. Približuje tradície a zvyky charakterizujúce ich spoločenskú organi- Poľská národnostná menšina záciu, kultúru a náboženstvo, pomyselným časovým oblúkom spája dávne doby so (Dariusz Žuk-Olszewski) ..............................................61 súčasnosťou a ukazuje cestu, ktorou národnostné menšiny prešli. Použité informácie podáva prehľadne so snahou poskytnúť dostatočný priestor na ich Ruská národnostná menšina (Viktória Liashuk)....................................................71 uchopenie. Všeobecnejšia a prierezová úvodná časť by mohla u žiakov prebudiť zveda- vosť a záujem o tému. Osudy trinástich národnostných menšín žijúcich na území dne- Rusínska národnostná menšina šného Slovenska sú spracované do samostatných kapitol, s výnimkou zaujímavej doho- (Anna Plišková)......................................................81 dy medzi českou a moravskou menšinou o spoločnom postupe. Preto je v obsahu Rómska národnostná menšina namiesto trinástich kapitol dvanásť. Každú kapitolu tvoria tri väčšie časti: Z histórie..., (Agnes Horváthová)..................................................93 Zo súčasnosti a Zvyky a tradície. Najpodstatnejšie informácie ponúkajú hlavné výkla- dové texty. Inšpiratívne historické doplnky, rôzne pramene, povesti alebo legendy sú Srbská národnostná menšina v časti O čom rozprávajú... Životné osudy vplyvných osobností približuje Malá galéria (Samuel Jovankovič, Stane Ribič)......................................101
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